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[
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I
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2088
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8
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P
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t 2
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(
P
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ma
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1945
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h
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en
tatio
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o
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5
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non
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s
tan
d
al
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NSA)
an
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alo
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SA)
[
5
]
.
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h
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ch
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r
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u
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ast,
th
e
SA
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
u
s
es
th
e
co
m
p
lete
5
G
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
5
G
co
r
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fo
r
in
itial
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia,
th
e
NSA
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ically
f
ea
s
ib
le,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
u
r
b
an
a
r
ea
s
s
u
ch
as B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
[
6
]
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
b
an
d
s
elec
tio
n
is
a
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
in
5
G
NR
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
an
d
(
m
m
W
av
e)
o
f
f
er
s
m
u
c
h
h
ig
h
e
r
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
ca
p
a
city
,
it
h
as
lim
ited
co
v
er
ag
e
an
d
p
o
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
p
en
etr
atio
n
.
T
h
e
m
id
-
b
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
(
2
-
6
GHz
)
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
etter
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
c
o
v
er
ag
e
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
ar
e
th
u
s
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
u
r
b
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
W
ith
in
th
is
r
an
g
e,
th
e
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z
b
a
n
d
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
ea
r
ly
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
5
G
NSA
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
ad
eq
u
ate
co
v
er
ag
e
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies h
av
e
ex
p
l
o
r
e
d
th
e
d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
t
o
f
5
G
NR
in
v
ar
io
u
s
I
n
d
o
n
esian
cities u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
5
G
NR
at
3
.
5
GHz
in
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
[
9
]
was
ex
am
in
ed
,
with
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
lin
e
-
of
-
s
ig
h
t
(
L
o
S)
an
d
n
o
n
-
lin
e
-
of
-
s
ig
h
t
(
NL
o
S)
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
at
3
.
5
GHz
,
1
4
2
g
No
d
eBs
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
u
p
lin
k
an
d
4
3
f
o
r
d
o
wn
lin
k
u
n
d
er
L
o
S
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
ile
2
2
6
0
g
No
d
eBs
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
u
p
lin
k
an
d
5
6
0
f
o
r
d
o
wn
lin
k
u
n
d
er
NL
o
S
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
5
G
NSA
at
2
3
0
0
MH
z
in
I
n
d
o
n
esian
u
r
b
a
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
r
em
ain
s
lim
ited
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
a
n
aly
zin
g
5
G
NR
co
v
er
a
g
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
u
s
in
g
th
e
2
3
0
0
MH
z
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
b
an
d
.
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
is
d
esig
n
ate
d
as
o
n
e
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia’
s
m
ajo
r
u
r
b
an
ce
n
ter
s
,
with
a
n
ar
ea
o
f
1
6
7
.
3
1
k
m
²
an
d
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
.
5
m
illi
o
n
.
L
o
S
an
d
NL
o
S
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
5
G
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
First,
it
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
5
G
NR
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
at
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z
i
n
an
I
n
d
o
n
esian
u
r
b
a
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
b
o
t
h
L
o
S
an
d
NL
o
S
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
it
q
u
an
titativ
ely
ex
am
in
es
th
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
d
en
s
ity
an
d
k
ey
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
(
KPI
s
)
in
d
en
s
e
NL
o
S
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
it
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z
5
G
NSA
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
in
u
r
b
an
a
r
ea
s
u
s
in
g
3
GP
P
T
R
3
8
.
9
0
1
-
b
ased
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
a
n
d
Ato
ll si
m
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
li
n
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
m
o
d
els,
an
d
co
v
er
a
g
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es;
s
ec
tio
n
3
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
co
v
er
a
g
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
;
an
d
s
ec
tio
n
4
p
r
o
v
id
es
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
llo
ws
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
o
n
etwo
r
k
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
co
v
er
a
g
e
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
5
G
NR
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
A
f
lo
wch
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
,
r
e
lev
an
t
d
ata
f
o
r
ar
ea
p
la
n
n
in
g
in
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
,
in
clu
d
in
g
to
tal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
,
p
o
p
u
latio
n
d
en
s
ity
,
a
n
d
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
wer
e
co
llected
.
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
,
with
a
to
tal
ar
ea
o
f
1
6
7
.
3
1
k
m
²
[
1
1
]
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
ty
p
ical
u
r
b
a
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
d
b
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
b
u
ild
in
g
h
eig
h
ts
an
d
p
o
p
u
latio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
o
r
k
f
lo
w
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
v
e
r
ag
e
a
n
d
b
ase
s
tatio
n
esti
m
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
Fo
llo
win
g
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
,
t
h
e
tech
n
ical
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
f
o
r
5
G
NR
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
at
2
3
0
0
MH
z,
in
clu
d
in
g
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
,
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
o
d
els,
an
d
co
v
er
ag
e
-
p
lan
n
in
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
2
6
:
1
9
4
4
-
1
954
1946
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
tio
n
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
c
u
r
ately
esti
m
atin
g
ce
ll
r
ad
iu
s
an
d
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
.
Ma
x
im
u
m
allo
wab
le
p
ath
lo
s
s
(
MA
PL)
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
f
o
r
u
p
lin
k
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
in
L
o
S
an
d
NL
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ar
e
ce
n
tr
al
t
o
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
ce
ll
r
ad
iu
s
an
d
co
v
e
r
ag
e
a
r
ea
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
ce
n
ar
io
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
MA
PL
v
alu
es,
wh
ich
th
en
allo
w
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
No
d
eBs
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
c
o
v
er
t
h
e
en
tire
city
to
b
e
esti
m
ated
.
Netwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
u
ltima
tely
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
5
G
NR
KPI
s
,
with
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
s
ig
n
al
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
(
SS
-
R
S
R
P)
an
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izati
o
n
s
ig
n
al
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
-
p
lu
s
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SS
-
SIN
R
)
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
2
.
1
.
5
G
NR
pla
nn
ing
pa
ra
met
er
s
An
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
5
G
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
is
n
etwo
r
k
co
v
er
ag
e
p
lan
n
in
g
,
esp
ec
ially
in
u
r
b
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
er
e
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ly
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
b
u
ild
in
g
d
e
n
s
ity
an
d
h
ei
g
h
t.
T
h
e
co
v
er
ag
e
p
la
n
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
b
y
d
ef
in
in
g
th
e
p
lan
n
in
g
ar
ea
(
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
)
an
d
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
an
d
(
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z)
an
d
b
an
d
wid
t
h
(
3
0
MH
z)
.
Ne
x
t,
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
er
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
UE
)
an
d
g
No
d
eB ar
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
tr
an
s
m
itter
p
o
wer
,
an
ten
n
a
g
ain
,
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
s
en
s
itiv
ity
.
2
.
2
.
Co
v
er
a
g
e
pla
nn
ing
m
et
ho
d
C
o
v
er
ag
e
p
lan
n
in
g
is
a
cr
itical
p
h
ase
in
5
G
n
etwo
r
k
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t,
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
lace
m
en
t
an
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
g
No
d
e
B
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
ea
m
less
s
er
v
ice
d
eliv
er
y
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ta
r
g
et
ar
ea
.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
em
p
lo
y
s
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
co
v
er
ag
e
p
lan
n
in
g
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
an
a
ly
s
is
,
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
,
an
d
s
ite
-
d
en
s
ity
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
b
eg
in
s
with
d
eter
m
in
in
g
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
r
ad
io
lin
k
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
iv
e
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
th
en
s
elec
tin
g
a
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
I
t
cu
lm
in
ates
in
d
e
ter
m
in
in
g
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
co
v
er
ag
e
o
b
jectiv
es
[
1
3
]
.
2
.
2
.
1
.
L
ink
-
bu
dg
et
a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
in
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
p
lan
n
i
n
g
t
h
at
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
all
g
ai
n
s
an
d
lo
s
s
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
is
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et.
Fo
r
5
G
NR
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t,
m
a
n
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et,
in
clu
d
in
g
tr
an
s
m
itter
p
o
wer
,
an
t
en
n
a
g
ain
,
p
ath
lo
s
s
,
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
er
s
en
s
itiv
ity
.
T
h
e
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
a
n
aly
s
is
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
co
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
ad
eq
u
ate
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
et
wo
r
k
.
I
t
in
clu
d
es
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
p
o
wer
,
an
ten
n
a
g
ain
,
p
ath
lo
s
s
,
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
s
en
s
itiv
ity
[
1
4
]
.
MA
PL
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
s
ig
n
al
att
en
u
atio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
to
ler
ated
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
.
T
h
is
cr
itical
p
ar
am
eter
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
,
wh
ich
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
all
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
f
ac
t
o
r
s
in
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
k
[
1
2
]
:
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
)
−
(
)
−
(
)
−
(
)
(
1
)
T
h
e
MA
PL
v
al
u
e
d
ir
ec
tly
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
co
v
er
ag
e
d
is
tan
ce
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
in
a
g
iv
en
ar
ea
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
is
o
tr
o
p
ic
r
ad
i
ated
p
o
wer
(
E
I
R
P)
q
u
an
tifie
s
th
e
to
tal
r
ad
iated
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
all
g
ain
s
an
d
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
.
As
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
2
)
,
E
I
R
P
co
m
b
in
es
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
with
an
ten
n
a
g
ain
wh
ile
s
u
b
tr
ac
tin
g
lo
s
s
es f
r
o
m
ca
b
les an
d
o
th
e
r
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t:
(
)
=
_
(
)
+
(
)
−
(
)
−
(
)
(
2
)
R
ec
eiv
er
s
en
s
itiv
ity
is
th
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
s
ig
n
al
p
o
wer
lev
el
th
a
t
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
ca
n
d
etec
t
an
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
em
o
d
u
late
wh
il
e
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
is
p
ar
am
et
er
,
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
,
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
t
h
er
m
a
l
n
o
is
e
f
lo
o
r
,
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
’
s
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
-
p
lu
s
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SIN
R
)
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t,
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
al
n
o
is
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
:
=
(
)
+
ℎ
(
)
+
(
)
(
3
)
ℎ
=
10
(
10
)
(
4
)
wh
er
e
T
is
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
i
n
K
elv
in
(
ty
p
ically
2
9
0
K)
,
K
is
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3
8
×
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J
/K
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B
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Hz.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ese
ar
ch
,
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ar
am
eter
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f
o
r
5
G
NSA
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ep
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e
n
t
at
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3
0
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MH
z
wer
e
u
s
ed
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as
d
escr
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ed
in
T
ab
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1
.
T
h
es
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
f
o
r
u
r
b
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
1
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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25
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m
2
.
2
.
2
.
L
o
S a
nd
NL
o
S
pro
pa
g
a
t
io
n m
o
del
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
L
o
S
an
d
NL
o
S
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
is
il
lu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
th
e
L
o
S
co
n
d
itio
n
,
a
clea
r
,
u
n
o
b
s
tr
u
c
ted
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
ath
ex
is
ts
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
an
d
u
s
er
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
,
allo
win
g
r
a
d
io
wa
v
es
to
p
r
o
p
a
g
ate
d
ir
ec
tly
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
Fre
s
n
el
Z
o
n
e.
T
h
is
d
ir
ec
t
p
ath
wa
y
ty
p
ically
r
esu
lts
in
s
tr
o
n
g
er
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
ep
tio
n
an
d
l
o
wer
p
ath
lo
s
s
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
NL
o
S
co
n
d
itio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
wh
e
n
p
h
y
s
ical
o
b
s
tacle
s
s
u
ch
as
b
u
ild
in
g
s
,
tr
ee
s
,
o
r
o
t
h
er
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
o
b
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
s
ig
n
al
p
ath
[
1
6
]
.
Un
d
e
r
NL
o
S
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
r
ad
io
s
ig
n
als
m
u
s
t
r
ely
o
n
r
ef
lectio
n
,
d
i
f
f
r
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
r
e
ce
iv
er
,
wh
ich
lead
s
to
h
ig
h
e
r
p
at
h
lo
s
s
an
d
s
ig
n
a
l
d
eg
r
ad
ati
o
n
.
U
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
ese
two
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
n
etwo
r
k
p
la
n
n
in
g
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
ed
ictio
n
in
u
r
b
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
as
th
ey
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
c
e
co
v
er
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e
ar
ea
,
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
ase
s
tat
io
n
s
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
5
G
NR
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
Giv
en
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
ac
t o
f
th
ese
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
o
n
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
elec
tin
g
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
m
o
d
el
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ate
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
an
aly
s
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
ll
u
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
L
o
S
a
n
d
NL
o
S p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
Fo
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
Ur
b
an
Ma
cr
o
(
UM
a)
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
o
d
e
l,
b
ased
o
n
3
GPP
T
R
3
8
.
9
0
1
,
is
u
s
ed
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
u
r
b
a
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
U
Ma
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
id
er
s
L
o
S
an
d
NL
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
p
ath
-
lo
s
s
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
L
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
,
th
e
p
at
h
lo
s
s
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
5
)
:
ℎ
(
)
=
28
.
0
+
40
10
(
3
)
+
20
10
(
)
−
9
10
√
(
)
2
+
(
ℎ
−
ℎ
)
2
(
5
)
Fo
r
th
e
NL
o
S scen
ar
io
,
t
h
e
p
at
h
lo
s
s
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
6
)
:
ℎ
(
)
=
13
.
54
+
39
.
08
10
(
3
)
+
20
10
(
)
−
0
.
6
(
ℎ
−
1
.
5
)
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
2
6
:
1
9
4
4
-
1
954
1948
w
h
er
e
3
is
d
ef
in
e
d
as
th
e
3
D
d
i
s
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
an
d
u
s
er
ter
m
in
al
(
m
)
,
is
d
e
f
in
ed
as
t
h
e
ce
n
ter
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
(
GHz
)
,
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
t
h
e
b
r
ea
k
p
o
i
n
t
d
is
tan
ce
(
m
)
,
ℎ
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
h
eig
h
t (
m
)
,
an
d
ℎ
is
d
ef
in
ed
as th
e
u
s
er
ter
m
in
al
h
eig
h
t (
m
)
.
2
.
2
.
3
.
Num
ber
o
f
g
No
deB
d
et
er
m
ina
t
io
n
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
c
alcu
latio
n
an
d
t
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
o
d
el
,
th
e
n
ex
t
cr
itical
s
tep
in
5
G
NR
n
etwo
r
k
p
lan
n
in
g
is
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
c
o
v
er
ag
e
a
r
ea
a
n
d
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
No
d
eBs
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
co
v
er
ag
e
p
lan
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
3
GPP
T
R
3
8
.
9
0
1
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
UM
a
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
v
alid
ated
f
o
r
u
r
b
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
with
h
ig
h
-
r
is
e
b
u
ild
in
g
s
an
d
v
ar
y
in
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
d
en
s
ity
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
B
ef
o
r
e
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
co
v
e
r
a
g
e
ar
ea
,
th
e
2
D
d
is
tan
ce
(
ce
ll
r
ad
iu
s
)
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itt
er
an
ten
n
a
an
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
.
T
h
is
2
D
d
is
tan
ce
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
3
D
d
is
tan
ce
,
t
ak
in
g
i
n
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
h
eig
h
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
an
d
th
e
u
s
er
te
r
m
in
al,
as sh
o
wn
in
(
7
)
:
3
=
√
(
2
)
2
+
(
ℎ
−
ℎ
)
2
(
7
)
On
ce
th
e
ce
ll r
ad
iu
s
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
,
th
e
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
p
er
g
N
o
d
eB ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
late
d
u
s
in
g
(
8
)
:
=
2
.
6
(
2
)
2
(
8
)
wh
er
e
₂ᴅ
is
d
ef
in
ed
as th
e
2
D
d
i
s
tan
ce
(
ce
ll r
ad
iu
s
)
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
an
d
th
e
u
s
er
ter
m
in
al.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
g
N
o
d
e
B
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
c
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
e
n
t
i
r
e
a
r
e
a
o
f
B
a
n
d
u
n
g
C
i
t
y
(
1
6
7
.
3
1
k
m
²
)
i
s
c
al
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
(
9
)
:
=
(
9)
w
h
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
ase
s
tatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
,
d
en
o
tes
th
e
to
tal
ar
ea
t
o
b
e
co
v
er
ed
(
in
k
m
²)
,
an
d
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
co
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
a
s
in
g
le
g
No
d
eB s
ite
(
in
k
m
²)
.
2
.
3
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n a
nd
k
ey
per
f
o
rm
a
nce
ind
ica
t
o
rs
T
h
e
5
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
im
u
latio
n
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ato
ll
ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
in
d
u
s
tr
y
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
twar
e
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
p
lan
n
in
g
a
n
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
is
s
o
f
twar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
r
ec
is
e
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
,
s
ce
n
a
r
io
cr
ea
tio
n
,
p
ar
am
eter
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
5
G
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
Ato
ll
s
im
u
latio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
was
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
an
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
,
in
clu
d
in
g
c
ar
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
b
an
d
wid
th
,
tr
an
s
m
itter
p
o
wer
,
an
ten
n
a
g
ain
,
an
ten
n
a
h
eig
h
t,
an
d
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
3
GPP
T
R
3
8
.
9
0
1
Ur
b
a
n
Ma
cr
o
m
o
d
el.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
wer
e
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ap
p
lied
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
L
o
S
an
d
NL
o
S
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
o
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
5
G
N
SA
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t,
we
u
s
e
KPI
s
d
ef
in
ed
f
o
r
5
G
NR
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
ese
KPI
s
ar
e
ca
t
eg
o
r
ized
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
2
]
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
KPI
s
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e:
i)
SS
-
R
SR
P:
I
n
d
icate
s
th
e
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t.
ii)
SS
-
SIN
R
: M
ea
s
u
r
es th
e
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t.
T
ab
le
2
.
SS
-
R
SR
P a
n
d
SS
-
SI
NR
R
an
g
e
f
o
r
5
G
NR
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
SS
-
R
S
R
P
(
d
B
m)
SS
-
S
I
N
R
(
d
B
)
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
>=
-
85
>
=
1
5
G
o
o
d
-
1
0
0
t
o
-
85
1
0
t
o
1
5
F
a
i
r
-
1
1
5
t
o
-
1
0
0
5
t
o
1
0
P
o
o
r
<
-
115
< 5
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Co
v
er
a
g
e
pla
nn
ing
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
co
v
e
r
ag
e
p
lan
n
in
g
an
aly
s
is
b
eg
in
s
with
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
t
al
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
wh
ich
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
n
etwo
r
k
co
v
e
r
ag
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
5
G
NSA
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
allo
wab
le
p
ath
lo
s
s
(
MA
PL)
th
at
ca
n
b
e
to
ler
ated
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
s
er
v
i
ce
q
u
ality
b
etwe
en
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
an
d
u
s
er
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
L
o
S
an
d
NL
o
S
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
at
2
3
0
0
MH
z
in
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
.
Path
lo
s
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
was
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ur
b
a
n
Ma
cr
o
(
UM
a)
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
o
d
el,
as
d
ef
in
ed
i
n
3
GPP
T
R
3
8
.
9
0
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f 5
G
N
R
n
etw
o
r
k
p
la
n
n
in
g
a
t 2
3
0
0
MHz
in
…
(
P
u
tr
i R
a
h
ma
w
a
ti
)
1949
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
th
e
lin
k
-
b
u
d
g
et
p
a
r
am
eter
s
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
a
th
lo
s
s
r
esu
lts
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Path
lo
s
s
an
d
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
ar
ea
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
2
3
0
0
MH
z
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
S
y
mb
o
l
U
M
a
Lo
S
U
M
a
N
L
o
S
U
p
l
i
n
k
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
U
p
l
i
n
k
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
C
e
l
l
R
a
d
i
u
s (m
)
d2D
1
3
8
3
.
4
3
2
3
6
4
.
5
5
3
1
8
.
3
9
9
3
8
.
6
9
H
e
i
g
h
t
o
f
g
N
o
d
e
B
(
m)
h
B
S
25
25
25
25
U
ser Te
r
m
i
n
a
l
H
e
i
g
h
t
(
m)
h
U
T
1
.
5
1
.
5
1
.
5
1
.
5
P
a
t
h
L
o
ss (
d
B
)
PL
1
1
4
.
7
1
1
2
4
.
0
2
1
1
6
.
8
4
1
3
5
.
1
5
Th
e
r
m
a
l
N
o
i
se
P
o
w
e
r
(
d
B
m)
TN
-
1
5
3
.
9
3
-
1
5
3
.
9
3
-
1
5
3
.
9
3
-
1
5
3
.
9
3
C
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
A
r
e
a
(
k
m²
)
CA
3
.
7
1
1
0
.
8
5
0
.
2
6
4
1
.
7
0
9
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
g
N
o
d
e
B
g
N
o
d
e
B
45
15
6
3
5
98
3
.
2
.
Required
nu
m
ber
o
f
g
N
o
deB
B
ased
o
n
th
e
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
an
d
th
e
to
tal
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
ar
ea
o
f
B
an
d
u
n
g
C
ity
,
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
N
o
d
eBs
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
T
h
e
g
No
d
eB
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
v
ar
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
with
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fo
r
L
o
S
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t,
4
5
g
No
d
eBs
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
ad
eq
u
ate
u
p
lin
k
co
v
e
r
ag
e,
wh
ile
o
n
ly
1
5
g
No
d
eBs
s
u
f
f
ice
f
o
r
d
o
wn
lin
k
co
v
er
a
g
e,
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
’
s
u
p
lin
k
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
NL
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
r
e
q
u
ir
es
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tially
h
ig
h
e
r
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
d
en
s
ity
,
with
6
3
5
g
No
d
eBs
f
o
r
u
p
lin
k
an
d
9
8
g
No
d
eBs
f
o
r
d
o
wn
lin
k
—
r
ep
r
e
s
en
tin
g
a
1
4
-
f
o
ld
an
d
6
.
5
-
f
o
l
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
v
er
t
h
e
L
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
B
ec
au
s
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
m
u
s
t
s
atis
f
y
b
o
th
u
p
lin
k
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
th
e
f
in
al
s
ite
co
u
n
t is d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
d
em
a
n
d
in
g
u
p
lin
k
co
n
s
t
r
ain
t: 4
5
g
No
d
eBs
f
o
r
L
o
S a
n
d
6
3
5
g
No
d
eBs
f
o
r
NL
o
S.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
lates
to
a
s
it
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
.
8
s
ites
p
er
k
m
²
f
o
r
NL
o
S
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
5
G
co
v
er
ag
e
at
2
3
0
0
MH
z
in
d
e
n
s
e
u
r
b
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
er
e
d
ir
ec
t
lin
e
-
of
-
s
ig
h
t
p
ath
s
ar
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
o
b
s
tr
u
cte
d
.
3
.
3
.
Net
w
o
rk
deplo
y
m
ent
a
n
d si
m
ula
t
io
n a
na
ly
s
is
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
co
v
er
ag
e
-
p
lan
n
in
g
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
n
etwo
r
k
-
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
s
im
u
latio
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
Ato
ll r
ad
io
-
p
lan
n
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e
to
v
alid
ate
p
r
ed
icted
co
v
er
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
ac
tu
al
s
ig
n
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ated
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
g
N
o
d
eB
q
u
an
titi
es,
th
at
is
,
4
5
s
it
es
f
o
r
L
o
S
an
d
6
3
5
s
ites
f
o
r
NL
o
S,
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
a
r
ea
at
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
im
u
la
ted
co
v
e
r
ag
e
m
ap
s
,
with
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
L
o
S
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
4
5
g
No
d
eBs
)
ch
ar
ac
te
r
ized
b
y
m
u
ltico
lo
r
e
d
h
ex
ag
o
n
al
ce
lls
in
d
icatin
g
v
ar
y
in
g
s
ig
n
al
-
s
tr
en
g
th
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
p
r
es
en
tin
g
th
e
NL
o
S
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t (
6
3
5
g
No
d
eBs
)
d
is
p
lay
in
g
m
o
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
co
v
er
ag
e
with
a
d
en
s
er
s
ite
lay
o
u
t.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
s
ig
n
a
l c
o
v
er
ag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
b
as
e
s
tatio
n
lay
o
u
t in
(
a)
L
o
S
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t (
4
5
g
No
d
eB)
an
d
(
b
)
NL
o
S
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t (
6
3
5
g
No
d
eB)
3
.
3
.
1
.
SS
-
RSRP
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
SS
-
R
SR
P
is
a
cr
itical
k
ey
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
in
5
G
NR
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
er
v
i
n
g
ce
ll.
SS
-
R
SR
P
s
er
v
es
as
a
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
m
etr
ic
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
co
v
er
ag
e
q
u
ality
an
d
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
ar
ea
.
SS
-
R
SR
P
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
b
o
th
L
o
S
an
d
NL
o
S
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
u
n
d
er
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
co
v
er
ag
e
q
u
ality
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
ca
lcu
l
ated
g
No
d
eB d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
L
o
S scen
ar
io
r
eq
u
ir
es 4
5
g
No
d
eB s
ites
to
co
v
er
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1950
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e
tar
g
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ea
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v
er
ag
e
SS
-
R
SR
P
o
f
-
9
4
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6
3
d
B
m
with
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
1
4
.
7
9
d
B
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
T
h
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ee
ts
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e
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th
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esh
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ld
o
f
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ied
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g
o
o
d
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
.
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o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
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th
e
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o
S
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
n
ec
ess
itates
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
en
s
er
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
6
3
5
s
ites
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
a
v
er
ag
e
SS
-
R
S
R
P
o
f
-
7
1
.
9
8
d
B
m
a
n
d
a
lo
we
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
7
.
3
9
d
B
.
T
h
is
ac
h
iev
es e
x
ce
llen
t sig
n
al
q
u
ality
(
KPI
r
an
g
e
o
f
-
7
5
to
-
6
5
d
B
m
)
with
m
o
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t a
r
ea
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
SS
-
R
SR
P c
o
v
er
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
5
G
NR
n
etwo
r
k
at
2
3
0
0
MH
z:
(
a)
SS
-
R
SR
P
h
is
to
g
r
am
f
o
r
L
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
an
d
(
b
)
SS
-
R
SR
P h
is
t
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
NL
o
S scen
ar
i
o
3
.
3
.
2
.
SS
-
SI
NR
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
SS
-
SIN
R
is
a
k
e
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
r
elativ
e
to
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
i
n
5
G
NR
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
t
o
ac
h
iev
a
b
le
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
th
at
d
ir
ec
tly
co
r
r
elate
s
with
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es
an
d
u
s
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
T
h
e
L
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
with
4
5
g
No
d
eB
s
ites
ac
h
iev
es
a
n
av
er
ag
e
SS
-
SIN
R
o
f
1
0
.
8
7
d
B
with
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
5
.
6
0
d
B
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
is
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ee
ts
th
e
KPI
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
o
f
1
0
-
1
5
d
B
,
in
d
icatin
g
g
o
o
d
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
with
a
r
elativ
ely
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
NL
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
en
s
er
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
6
3
5
s
ites
,
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
,
with
a
n
a
v
er
ag
e
SS
-
SIN
R
o
f
1
2
.
3
2
d
B
an
d
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
ia
tio
n
o
f
8
.
6
3
d
B
.
T
h
is
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
1
.
4
5
d
B
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
v
e
r
L
o
S,
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
th
e
m
id
-
to
-
u
p
p
er
r
an
g
e
o
f
g
o
o
d
class
if
icatio
n
(
1
0
-
1
5
d
B
)
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
th
e
e
x
ce
llen
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
≥
1
5
d
B
)
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
h
is
to
g
r
am
s
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
d
e
n
s
ity
an
d
in
t
er
f
er
en
ce
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
wh
er
e
d
en
s
er
NL
o
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ep
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en
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ed
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ce
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ter
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ll
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is
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ce
s
an
d
im
p
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o
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es
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ig
n
al
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ter
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e
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en
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atio
s
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en
ab
lin
g
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ig
h
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o
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n
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en
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ce
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etwo
r
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o
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g
h
p
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t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t a
r
ea
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
SS
-
SIN
R
co
v
er
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
5
G
NR
n
etwo
r
k
at
2
3
0
0
MH
z:
(
a)
SS
-
SIN
R
h
is
to
g
r
am
f
o
r
L
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
an
d
(
b
)
SS
-
SIN
R
h
is
to
g
r
am
f
o
r
NL
o
S scen
ar
i
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t 2
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MHz
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ti
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1951
3
.
4
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
perf
o
r
m
a
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a
na
ly
s
is
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o
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r
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m
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h
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R
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r
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o
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ch
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ep
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s
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ateg
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d
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tify
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er
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ad
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o
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s
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d
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r
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ctu
r
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e
n
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ity
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s
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ab
les
4
an
d
5
p
r
e
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en
t
s
y
s
tem
atic
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m
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ar
is
o
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o
f
SS
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R
P
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d
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p
e
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f
o
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m
a
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ics,
r
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tiv
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r
ev
ea
lin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
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ep
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en
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ig
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en
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d
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ig
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o
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ates
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er
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s
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et
r
ics.
Sig
n
al
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en
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th
im
p
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o
v
es
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y
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2
.
6
5
d
B
(
f
r
o
m
-
9
4
.
6
3
d
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m
in
L
o
S
t
o
-
7
1
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9
8
d
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m
in
NL
o
S)
,
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h
iev
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g
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ce
llen
t
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class
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icatio
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m
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ar
ed
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o
d
in
L
o
S.
T
ab
le
4
.
SS
-
R
SR
P p
er
f
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m
an
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e
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m
p
ar
is
o
n
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d
NL
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s
P
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r
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me
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e
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S
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o
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S
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M
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mb
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Ex
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l
l
e
n
t
T
ab
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5
.
SS
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SIN
R
p
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f
o
r
m
an
c
e
co
m
p
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is
o
n
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n
d
NL
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S scen
a
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s
P
a
r
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me
t
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r
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S
S
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e
n
a
r
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e
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r
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M
e
a
n
S
S
-
S
I
N
R
1
0
.
8
7
d
B
1
2
.
3
2
d
B
S
t
d
.
D
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
5
.
6
0
d
B
8
.
6
3
d
B
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
g
N
o
d
e
B
s
45
6
3
5
K
P
I
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
G
o
o
d
G
o
o
d
T
h
is
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
a
1
4
-
f
o
ld
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
s
ite
d
en
s
ity
(
f
r
o
m
4
5
to
6
3
5
g
No
d
eBs
)
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
av
er
ag
e
u
s
er
-
to
-
ce
ll d
is
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
e
NL
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S
d
ep
lo
y
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en
t
also
e
x
h
ib
its
a
5
0
%
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wer
SS
-
R
SR
P
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
(
7
.
3
9
d
B
v
er
s
u
s
1
4
.
7
9
d
B
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
m
o
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
co
v
er
a
g
e.
Sig
n
al
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
es
b
y
1
.
4
5
d
B
in
NL
o
S
(
1
2
.
3
2
d
B
v
e
r
s
u
s
1
0
.
8
7
d
B
)
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
e
n
h
an
ce
d
s
ig
n
a
l
s
tr
en
g
th
o
u
tweig
h
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
d
en
s
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
q
u
an
titativ
ely
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
-
d
en
s
ity
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
KPI
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
en
s
e
NL
o
S
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
L
o
S
ex
h
ib
its
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
with
lo
wer
SS
-
SIN
R
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
(
5
.
6
0
d
B
v
er
s
u
s
8
.
6
3
d
B
)
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
NL
o
S
ac
h
iev
es
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
,
u
n
im
o
d
al
co
v
er
ag
e
f
r
o
m
d
en
s
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
wh
er
ea
s
L
o
S
ex
h
ib
its
a
b
im
o
d
al
p
atter
n
w
ith
d
is
tin
ct
ce
ll
-
ce
n
ter
a
n
d
c
ell
-
ed
g
e
r
e
g
io
n
s
.
B
o
th
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
m
ain
tain
g
o
o
d
SS
-
SIN
R
cla
s
s
if
icat
io
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
eliab
le
5
G
s
er
v
ice
d
eliv
er
y
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
NL
o
S
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
ac
h
iev
e
d
s
u
p
er
io
r
SS
-
R
S
R
P
an
d
SS
-
SIN
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
th
ese
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
wer
e
o
b
t
ain
ed
at
th
e
ex
p
e
n
s
e
o
f
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
h
ig
h
er
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
d
en
s
ity
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
6
3
5
g
No
d
eBs
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
n
ly
4
5
s
ites
in
th
e
L
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
Su
ch
d
e
n
s
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
m
ay
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
cr
ea
s
e
ca
p
ital
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
(
C
APEX
)
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ex
p
e
n
d
i
tu
r
e
(
OPEX
)
,
s
ite
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
m
ain
ten
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
wh
ile
d
en
s
e
NL
o
S
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
an
d
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
i
n
u
r
b
an
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
p
r
ac
tical
5
G
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
ca
r
ef
u
lly
b
ala
n
ce
n
et
wo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
b
jectiv
e
s
with
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
T
o
co
n
tex
tu
alize
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
ef
f
icien
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
an
d
s
an
d
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
ele
ctio
n
o
n
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
T
ab
le
6
co
m
p
a
r
es
th
e
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z
r
esu
lts
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
in
s
im
ilar
u
r
b
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
er
s
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
ef
f
icien
cy
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
v
er
m
id
-
b
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
.
T
h
e
non
-
lin
e
-
of
-
s
ig
h
t
(
NL
o
S)
s
ce
n
ar
io
’
s
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
-
7
1
.
9
8
d
B
m
SS
-
R
SR
P,
1
2
.
3
2
d
B
SS
-
SIN
R
)
s
u
r
p
ass
es
all
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
s
tu
d
i
es,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
d
en
s
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
v
er
c
o
m
es
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
e
r
s
s
tr
ateg
ic
ad
v
an
ta
g
es:
lo
wer
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
lo
s
s
en
a
b
les
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
wid
e
-
a
r
ea
lin
e
-
of
-
s
ig
h
t
(
L
o
S)
c
o
v
er
a
g
e,
w
h
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
b
est
-
in
-
class
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
in
ten
s
if
icatio
n
i
n
NL
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
2
3
0
0
MH
z
is
a
s
u
itab
le
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
f
le
x
ib
le
u
r
b
an
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
,
b
al
an
cin
g
co
v
e
r
ag
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
with
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
T
ab
le
6
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
Ar
t 5
G
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
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I
SS
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:
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0
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I
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&
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g
,
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l.
1
6
,
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u
s
t
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
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N
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is
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as
s
u
cc
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f
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ll
y
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aly
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th
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co
v
er
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e
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e
q
u
i
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en
ts
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d
p
er
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o
r
m
a
n
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ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
5
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NR
n
etwo
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k
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lan
n
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a
t
th
e
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z
f
r
eq
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en
cy
b
an
d
f
o
r
b
o
th
lin
e
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of
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s
ig
h
t
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o
S)
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d
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of
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ce
n
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ity
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o
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esia,
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ar
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f
1
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.
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².
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h
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o
u
g
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co
m
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eh
e
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iv
e
lin
k
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d
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et
ca
lcu
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s
,
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o
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ag
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elin
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s
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is
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f
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ed
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eg
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ep
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e
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t r
eq
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ir
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en
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n
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er
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ar
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g
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iti
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h
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ls
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d
r
am
atic
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is
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ar
ity
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e
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eq
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ir
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ts
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io
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io
r
eq
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ir
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o
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y
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eBs
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ch
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v
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ag
e,
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o
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9
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6
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m
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R
o
f
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0
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8
7
d
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o
th
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teg
o
r
ized
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n
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k
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s
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ep
r
e
s
en
tin
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a
1
4
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ea
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e
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ite
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en
s
ity
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o
v
er
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o
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e
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r
o
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ag
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n
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h
allen
g
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wev
er
,
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is
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en
s
e
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
y
ield
s
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
s
ig
n
al
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u
ality
,
with
an
av
er
ag
e
SS
-
R
SR
P
o
f
-
7
1
.
9
8
d
B
m
(
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
“
E
x
ce
llen
t”)
an
d
SS
-
SIN
R
o
f
1
2
.
3
2
d
B
(
class
if
ied
as
“
Go
o
d
”)
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
ed
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
d
en
s
ity
in
NL
o
S
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
t
h
e
cr
itical
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
co
s
ts
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
in
u
r
b
a
n
5
G
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
ts
.
W
h
ile
NL
o
S
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
h
ig
h
er
ca
p
ital
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
d
u
e
to
d
en
s
e
g
No
d
eB
p
lace
m
e
n
t,
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics
s
till
s
u
r
p
ass
th
o
s
e
ac
h
iev
ed
i
n
L
o
S
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
with
s
p
ar
s
er
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t.
T
h
e
2
,
3
0
0
MH
z
b
an
d
,
with
3
0
MH
z
b
an
d
wid
th
,
is
h
ig
h
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
u
r
b
an
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
wh
en
c
o
u
p
led
with
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
ite
d
en
s
ity
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
c
o
s
t
-
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
b
y
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
ca
r
r
ier
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
o
th
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
an
d
s
to
en
h
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ce
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p
ac
it
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wh
ile
m
ain
tain
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g
co
v
e
r
ag
e
e
f
f
icien
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ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
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s
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
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r
b
an
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ies.
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r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
co
u
l
d
also
co
n
s
id
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clu
s
io
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o
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p
ac
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elat
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KPI
s
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s
u
ch
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
esti
m
atio
n
,
tr
af
f
ic
m
o
d
elin
g
,
an
d
u
s
er
d
e
n
s
ity
an
aly
s
is
,
to
en
ab
le
a
m
o
r
e
in
teg
r
ated
o
p
tim
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n
o
f
b
o
th
co
v
er
ag
e
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
ca
p
ac
ity
.
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n
ad
d
itio
n
,
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
m
ay
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
en
s
itiv
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an
aly
s
is
in
v
o
lv
in
g
b
an
d
wid
th
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tio
n
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an
ten
n
a
h
eig
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ar
iatio
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an
d
alter
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ativ
e
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e
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lo
y
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e
n
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
to
f
u
r
th
er
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
5
G
NR
n
etwo
r
k
p
lan
n
in
g
in
u
r
b
an
a
r
ea
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
e
x
ten
d
th
eir
g
r
ati
tu
d
e
to
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
T
elk
o
m
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
an
d
th
e
Dig
ital
Stra
teg
y
,
Plan
n
in
g
,
an
d
Ar
ch
itectu
r
e
Div
is
io
n
o
f
PERUR
I
f
o
r
th
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s
ig
n
if
ican
t c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
to
th
is
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esear
ch
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
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T
I
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h
is
r
esear
ch
r
ec
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e
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g
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t
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r
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n
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g
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co
m
m
er
ci
al,
o
r
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s
.
AUTHO
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h
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u
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s
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o
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to
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ax
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r
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ip
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ah
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a
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C
o
n
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p
t
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a
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t
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Au
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f 5
G
N
R
n
etw
o
r
k
p
la
n
n
in
g
a
t 2
3
0
0
MHz
in
…
(
P
u
tr
i R
a
h
ma
w
a
ti
)
1953
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
W
e
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
all
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
with
in
th
e
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
n
etw
o
r
k
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
an
d
a
n
al
y
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
f
u
lly
d
o
c
u
m
en
ted
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
.
No
p
r
o
p
r
ietar
y
o
r
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tial in
f
o
r
m
atio
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was u
s
ed
in
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
lies
with
estab
lis
h
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
n
etwo
r
k
p
la
n
n
in
g
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ch
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
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[
1
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.
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3
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J.
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4
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5
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K
.
A
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[
6
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[
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A
.
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mi
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8
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.
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,
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.
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,
C
.
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EEE
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.
[
9
]
P
.
R
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,
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2
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[
1
0
]
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.
Li
u
,
Y
.
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n
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,
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Li
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l
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