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K
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s
:
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tific
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tellig
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Dev
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Go
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,
r
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ap
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m
en
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wh
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k
s
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g
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[
1
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[
2
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,
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[
3
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,
[
4
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W
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A
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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N:
2088
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Th
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a
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f
a
r
tifi
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tellig
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in
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(
Ma
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2193
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to
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[
5
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–
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8
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Key
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v
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[
9
]
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[
1
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1
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.
T
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o
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with
in
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2
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1
3
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Acr
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ain
s
s
u
ch
as
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e.
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
b
etter
-
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
en
a
b
les
a
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
d
eliv
e
r
in
g
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ices
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
AI
also
d
r
iv
es
au
to
m
atio
n
,
e
v
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ice
d
e
liv
er
y
,
all
o
f
wh
ic
h
p
o
s
s
ess
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
an
d
lo
wer
co
s
ts
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
B
ey
o
n
d
its
o
th
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
AI
f
ac
ilit
ates
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
Su
s
tain
ab
le
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
Go
als
(
SDGs
)
b
y
en
ab
lin
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
o
f
an
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al,
tech
n
ical,
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
a
l
n
atu
r
e
with
in
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal
an
d
p
u
b
lic
-
s
ec
to
r
en
titi
es
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
t
r
ies,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
ASEA
N,
f
ac
es
two
in
ter
r
elate
d
ch
allen
g
es:
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
(
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e,
lim
it
ed
d
ata
ac
ce
s
s
)
an
d
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al/h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
ef
icits
(
s
h
o
r
tag
e
o
f
AI
ex
p
e
r
ts
,
lo
w
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
)
.
T
h
e
s
e
ch
allen
g
es
ar
e
wo
r
s
en
e
d
b
y
u
n
d
er
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
p
o
licy
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
s
an
d
u
n
ev
e
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
r
ea
d
in
ess
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
E
t
h
ical
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
s
u
ch
as
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
f
air
n
ess
,
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
r
ig
h
ts
d
em
an
d
s
o
u
n
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
(
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
)
an
d
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
ab
s
o
r
p
tiv
e
ca
p
ac
ities
n
ec
ess
itate
an
i
n
teg
r
ated
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
lo
ca
l so
c
io
-
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
d
y
n
a
m
ics
[
1
6
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
W
h
ile
em
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
AI
a
d
o
p
tio
n
in
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
co
n
tin
u
es
to
ac
cu
m
u
late,
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ically
s
y
n
th
esize
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
with
in
a
Go
v
T
ec
h
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
r
em
ain
s
ca
r
ce
.
M
ad
an
an
d
Ash
o
k
[
1
6
]
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
o
n
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
in
p
u
b
lic
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
al
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
g
en
er
al
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
b
u
t
f
o
cu
s
in
g
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
tly
o
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
b
r
o
ad
ly
d
ef
in
ed
r
ath
e
r
th
an
AI
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
with
in
Go
v
T
ec
h
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Z
u
id
er
wijk
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
ap
p
ly
in
g
AI
with
in
p
u
b
lic
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
,
y
et
th
eir
a
n
aly
s
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
r
ew
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
-
in
co
m
e
co
u
n
tr
y
co
n
tex
ts
.
Mo
r
e
r
ec
e
n
tly
,
[
2
4
]
m
ap
p
ed
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
AI
in
eith
er
ad
v
an
cin
g
o
r
o
b
s
tr
u
ctin
g
th
e
attain
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
g
o
als
in
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e
r
em
ain
s
ce
n
te
r
ed
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies.
C
iecie
r
s
k
i
-
Ho
lm
es
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
iew
o
f
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
in
lo
w
-
a
n
d
m
id
d
le
-
in
c
o
m
e
n
atio
n
s
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
v
alu
ab
le
s
ec
to
r
al
in
s
ig
h
ts
b
u
t
n
o
t
a
h
o
lis
tic
Go
v
T
ec
h
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
W
h
ile
th
ese
wo
r
k
s
co
llectiv
ely
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
th
ey
s
h
ar
e
a
co
m
m
o
n
lim
itatio
n
:
n
o
n
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
s
y
n
th
esizes
em
p
ir
ical
ev
i
d
en
ce
o
n
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
s
p
ec
i
f
ically
with
in
th
e
Go
v
T
ec
h
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ac
r
o
s
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
wh
ile
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al,
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
eter
m
in
an
t
s
,
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
a
b
s
o
r
p
tiv
e
ca
p
ac
ity
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
Ou
r
s
tu
d
y
d
ir
ec
tly
ad
d
r
ess
es th
is
g
ap
.
Un
lik
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
e
v
iews
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
h
ig
h
-
in
c
o
m
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
2
4
]
o
r
g
en
er
al
I
T
[
1
6
]
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
y
n
th
esizes
ev
id
en
ce
o
n
AI
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
in
d
ev
el
o
p
i
n
g
-
co
u
n
tr
y
Go
v
T
ec
h
ec
o
s
y
s
t
em
s
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
th
r
ee
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
First,
i
t
o
f
f
er
s
a
G
o
v
T
ec
h
-
f
o
c
u
s
ed
s
y
n
th
esis
th
at
em
p
h
asizes
wh
o
le
-
of
-
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t,
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
to
r
al,
an
d
citizen
-
ce
n
ter
ed
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
cr
itical
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
leap
f
r
o
g
g
in
g
.
Seco
n
d
,
a
ca
u
s
al
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
al,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
ter
ac
t,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
th
at
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
ac
t
as
ca
u
s
al
f
a
cto
r
s
[
2
5
]
,
wh
ile
p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t
an
d
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
h
a
p
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
ath
way
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
ir
d
,
an
in
te
g
r
ated
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
co
llab
o
r
ati
v
e
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
(
leg
itima
cy
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
)
,
GR
C
(
eth
ical
co
n
tr
o
l)
,
an
d
XAI
(
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
)
a
n
o
v
el
s
y
n
er
g
y
th
at
ad
d
r
es
s
es
th
e
u
r
g
en
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
m
o
d
els tailo
r
ed
to
lo
w
-
an
d
m
id
d
le
-
in
co
m
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies
[
2
7
]
a
n
d
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
ag
ain
s
t
wh
ic
h
o
u
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
ar
e
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
in
clu
d
e:
i
)
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
b
y
[
1
6
]
o
n
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
a
n
d
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
i
n
p
u
b
lic
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
p
r
i
o
r
s
y
n
t
h
esis
in
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
co
n
tex
t;
ii
)
th
e
r
ev
iew
b
y
[
2
4
]
o
n
AI
'
s
r
o
le
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
o
r
h
in
d
er
in
g
SDGs
in
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t,
wh
ich
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
h
ig
h
-
in
co
m
e
co
u
n
tr
y
b
ias
in
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e;
iii
)
th
e
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
iew
b
y
[
1
5
]
o
n
AI
f
o
r
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
in
L
MI
C
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
etailed
s
ec
to
r
al
a
n
aly
s
is
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
y
co
n
te
x
ts
;
an
d
iv
)
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
[
2
7
]
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
i
b
le
AI
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
o
r
L
MI
C
s
.
T
h
ese
wo
r
k
s
r
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
ar
t
in
AI
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
s
er
v
e
as
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
p
o
in
ts
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
o
u
r
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
th
r
ee
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
s
eq
u
en
tially
in
t
h
e
R
esu
lts
an
d
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
,
ea
ch
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
2
6
:
2
1
9
2
-
2209
2194
s
ec
o
n
d
,
an
d
th
ir
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
alig
n
s
with
th
e
jo
u
r
n
al’
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
AI
as
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
Go
v
T
ec
h
as
a
d
o
m
ain
o
f
p
u
b
lic
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
,
with
s
p
ec
if
ic
atten
tio
n
t
o
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies.
I
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
d
ir
ec
tly
to
th
r
ee
ar
ea
s
:
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
d
ig
ital
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
em
er
g
i
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies,
an
d
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ica
l
an
aly
s
es
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
R
ea
d
er
s
will
f
in
d
it
co
m
p
ellin
g
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
r
ea
s
o
n
s
:
its
tim
elin
es
s
in
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
an
d
e
m
ic
er
a,
its
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
ev
id
en
ce
f
r
o
m
Asi
a,
Af
r
ica,
an
d
L
atin
Am
er
ica
with
in
an
i
n
teg
r
ated
Go
v
T
e
ch
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
,
an
d
its
ac
tio
n
ab
le
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
m
o
d
el
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
,
G
R
C
,
an
d
XAI
.
T
h
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Sectio
n
2
d
etails
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
;
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
(
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
o
v
e
r
v
i
ew,
R
Q1
o
n
d
eter
m
in
a
n
t f
ac
to
r
s
,
R
Q2
o
n
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies,
R
Q3
o
n
in
teg
r
ated
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
im
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
c
h
)
;
Sectio
n
4
co
n
clu
d
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
r
ee
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
R
Q1
o
n
d
eter
m
in
ativ
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al,
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
th
eir
in
ter
r
elatio
n
s
;
R
Q2
o
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
tiv
e
ca
p
ac
ity
lim
itatio
n
s
;
an
d
R
Q3
o
n
estab
lis
h
in
g
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
an
d
eth
ical
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
(
G
R
C
,
XAI
)
to
en
s
u
r
e
leg
itima
te,
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le,
a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
AI
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
th
esis
is
th
at
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies’
Go
v
T
ec
h
r
e
q
u
ir
es h
o
lis
tic
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
al,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
s
y
n
er
g
i
s
tic
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
,
GR
C
,
an
d
XAI
.
T
h
ese
th
r
ee
p
illar
s
ar
e
test
ed
an
d
s
y
n
th
esized
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
g
ap
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
d
etails th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
in
th
is
r
ev
iew.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
th
e
Sy
s
tem
atic
L
iter
atu
r
e
R
ev
iew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
a
n
d
ex
p
licit
in
v
esti
g
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
t
o
i
d
en
tify
,
c
r
itically
ass
ess
,
an
d
s
y
n
th
esize
th
e
b
o
d
y
o
f
liter
at
u
r
e
p
e
r
tin
en
t
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
u
n
d
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
An
SLR
i
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
o
f
f
er
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
r
elev
an
t
to
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
ese
ar
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
l
lectio
n
o
f
d
ata,
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies,
a
n
d
th
e
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
th
eir
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
[
3
0
]
.
Sev
e
r
al
cr
itical
p
h
a
s
es,
wh
ich
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
tly
i
n
an
SLR,
in
clu
d
e:
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
a
clea
r
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
to
d
elin
ea
te
t
h
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iew
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
;
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
titl
es/ab
s
tr
ac
ts
/f
u
ll
tex
ts
b
ased
o
n
p
r
e
-
d
eter
m
in
ed
cr
iter
ia
id
ea
lly
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
≥
2
r
ev
iewe
r
s
[
3
3
]
–
[
3
5
]
;
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
iv
e
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
d
atab
ases
u
s
in
g
r
elev
an
t
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
[
2
9
]
;
d
e
f
in
i
n
g
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
a
n
d
e
x
clu
s
io
n
t
o
s
elec
t
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
r
ev
iew'
s
o
b
jectiv
es
[
2
9
]
;
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
s
o
u
n
d
n
ess
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
d
ep
e
n
d
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
th
esized
r
esu
lts
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
6
]
;
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
d
ata
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
in
g
o
r
g
an
ized
an
al
y
s
is
to
g
en
e
r
ate
a
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
s
y
n
th
esis
,
cu
lm
in
a
tin
g
in
th
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
t
an
d
r
ep
licab
le
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
o
f
r
esu
lts
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
th
e
SLR
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ad
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
[
2
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
il
lu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tag
es
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
p
o
i
n
ts
with
in
th
is
SLR f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
ich
g
u
id
e
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
id
en
tific
atio
n
,
s
elec
tio
n
,
an
d
s
y
n
t
h
esis
o
f
r
el
ev
an
t liter
atu
r
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stag
es a
n
d
d
ec
is
io
n
p
o
in
ts
with
in
th
e
SLR f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
,
a
d
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
[
2
9
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
g
o
ve
r
n
men
t te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
…
(
Ma
r
ia
F
lo
r
en
tin
a
R
u
mb
a
)
2195
Stag
e
1
:
An
in
itial
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
r
esear
ch
o
n
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
Go
v
T
ec
h
with
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
r
em
ain
s
f
r
ag
m
en
te
d
,
d
o
m
i
n
ated
b
y
s
ec
to
r
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
r
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ically
cir
cu
m
s
cr
ib
ed
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
with
m
in
im
al
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
y
n
th
esis
.
T
h
is
g
ap
was
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
i
n
to
th
r
ee
r
esea
r
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
R
Q1
(
d
eter
m
in
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
)
,
R
Q2
(
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ity
lim
i
tatio
n
s
)
,
an
d
R
Q3
(
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
an
d
eth
ical
m
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
leg
itima
cy
an
d
s
u
s
tain
a
b
ilit
y
)
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
a
d
ed
u
ctiv
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
u
s
in
g
estab
lis
h
ed
th
eo
r
y
to
g
u
id
e
th
e
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
ev
id
en
ce
r
ath
er
th
an
g
en
er
atin
g
n
ew
th
eo
r
y
in
d
u
ctiv
el
y
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
r
ee
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
a
p
p
lied
:
T
h
e
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
al,
Or
g
a
n
izatio
n
al,
an
d
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
(
I
OE
)
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
R
Q1
;
Ab
s
o
r
p
tiv
e
C
ap
ac
ity
f
o
r
R
Q2
;
an
d
C
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
Go
v
er
n
an
ce
to
g
eth
er
with
GR
C
an
d
XAI
f
o
r
R
Q3
.
Stag
e
2
:
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
p
r
io
r
to
d
at
ab
ase
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
ap
p
lied
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
s
tu
d
ies
to
:
(
I
1
)
ad
d
r
ess
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
with
in
Go
v
T
ec
h
,
e
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t,
o
r
th
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
;
(
I
2
)
f
o
cu
s
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
,
em
e
r
g
in
g
,
o
r
L
MI
C
co
n
tex
ts
;
(
I
3
)
p
r
esen
t
o
r
i
g
in
al
em
p
ir
ical
r
ese
ar
ch
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews;
(
I
4
)
b
e
Sco
p
u
s
-
in
d
ex
ed
;
(
I
5
)
b
e
w
r
itten
in
E
n
g
lis
h
;
an
d
(
I
6
)
b
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
e
n
2
0
2
0
an
d
2
0
2
5
.
E
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
r
em
o
v
ed
s
tu
d
ies th
at:
(
E
1
)
f
o
cu
s
ed
s
o
lely
o
n
tech
n
ical
AI
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
with
o
u
t g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
o
r
p
o
licy
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
;
(
E
2
)
wer
e
c
o
n
d
u
cted
o
n
ly
i
n
h
ig
h
-
in
co
m
e
OE
C
D
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
o
u
t
a
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
-
co
u
n
tr
y
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t;
(
E
3
)
wer
e
ed
ito
r
ials
,
o
p
in
i
o
n
p
iece
s
,
o
r
b
o
o
k
r
e
v
iews;
(
E
4
)
wer
e
d
u
p
licates;
o
r
(
E
5
)
h
ad
in
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
f
u
ll tex
ts
d
esp
ite
r
etr
iev
al
attem
p
ts
.
Stag
e
3
:
T
h
e
d
atab
ase
s
o
u
r
ce
u
s
ed
is
Sco
p
u
s
,
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
in
g
:
T
I
T
L
E
-
A
B
S
-
KE
Y
(
(
“a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
”
OR
“
AI
”
OR
“m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
”
OR
“d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
”
OR
“in
te
llig
en
t
au
to
m
atio
n
”
OR
“g
en
er
ativ
e
AI
”
OR
“a
lg
o
r
ith
m
ic
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
”)
AND
(
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t*
OR
“p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
”
OR
“e
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t”
OR
“d
ig
ital
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t”
OR
“g
o
v
tech
”
OR
“p
u
b
lic
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
”
OR
“p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ice”
)
AND
(
ad
o
p
t*
OR
im
p
lem
en
t*
O
R
u
p
tak
e
OR
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
OR
d
ep
lo
y
*
OR
in
teg
r
ated
*
OR
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
*
O
R
“tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
”
)
AND
(
“d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
tr
y
*
”
OR
“lo
w
-
in
co
m
e
co
u
n
tr
y
*
”
O
R
“m
id
d
le
-
in
co
m
e
co
u
n
tr
y
*
”
OR
“e
m
er
g
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
y
*
”
OR
“g
lo
b
al
s
o
u
th
”
O
R
ASEA
N
OR
C
am
b
o
d
ia
OR
I
n
d
o
n
esia
OR
L
ao
s
OR
Ma
lay
s
ia
O
R
My
an
m
ar
OR
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
OR
T
h
ailan
d
OR
Vietn
am
OR
Af
r
ica
OR
“L
a
tin
Am
er
ica”
)
AND
(
ch
allen
g
e*
OR
b
ar
r
ie
r
*
OR
o
b
s
tacle
*
OR
h
in
d
er
*
OR
“d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e”
OR
“
d
ata
g
a
p
”
OR
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e*
OR
“wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
ca
p
ac
ity
”
OR
“tale
n
t
g
ap
”
OR
“in
s
ti
tu
tio
n
al
ca
p
ac
ity
”
OR
“p
o
licy
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
”
OR
r
eg
u
late*
OR
“a
lg
o
r
ith
m
ic
f
air
n
ess
”
OR
“a
lg
o
r
ith
m
ic
b
ias”
OR
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
OR
“e
x
p
lain
ab
le
AI
”
OR
“XA
I
”
O
R
“AI
eth
ics”
OR
“p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t”
O
R
“so
cio
-
tech
n
ical”
OR
“r
es
p
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
”)
)
.
On
ly
s
tu
d
ies
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
an
d
2
0
2
5
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
in
cl
u
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
Sco
p
u
s
as
a
s
in
g
le
d
atab
ase
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
b
ased
o
n
s
ev
er
al
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
First,
Sco
p
u
s
is
a
m
u
ltid
is
cip
lin
ar
y
d
atab
ase
with
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
in
d
ex
ed
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
th
at
a
r
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
ally
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
an
d
en
c
o
m
p
ass
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
d
atab
ase
en
ab
les
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
av
o
id
s
ar
ticle
d
u
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
i
r
d
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
l
o
y
in
g
s
im
ilar
SLR
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
i
n
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
p
u
b
lic
p
o
lic
y
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
h
av
e
also
r
elied
h
ea
v
ily
o
n
Sco
p
u
s
as
th
ei
r
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
o
u
r
ce
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
e
l
im
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
ex
p
licitly
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
at
s
tu
d
ies
n
o
t
in
d
ex
ed
in
Sco
p
u
s
m
ay
n
o
t b
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
titu
tes o
n
e
o
f
th
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
.
Stag
e
4
:
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ele
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
PR
I
SMA
2
0
2
0
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
g
u
id
elin
e
(
p
r
e
f
er
r
ed
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
item
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
a
n
d
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
es
)
to
en
s
u
r
e
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
r
ig
o
r
,
an
d
r
ep
licab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
all
r
ev
iew
s
tag
es
[
3
7
]
.
As
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
in
itial
Sco
p
u
s
s
ea
r
ch
y
ield
ed
9
3
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
all
o
f
wh
ich
p
r
o
ce
e
d
ed
to
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
as
n
o
d
u
p
licat
es
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
.
Af
ter
titl
e
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
t
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
,
3
9
r
ec
o
r
d
s
wer
e
e
x
clu
d
e
d
f
o
r
ir
r
elev
an
ce
,
leav
in
g
5
4
r
ep
o
r
ts
s
o
u
g
h
t
f
o
r
r
etr
iev
al.
Nin
e
r
ep
o
r
ts
wer
e
in
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
4
5
f
u
ll
-
tex
t
a
r
ticles
ass
ess
ed
a
g
ain
s
t
th
e
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
Of
th
ese,
3
1
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
:
1
8
d
id
n
o
t
ad
d
r
ess
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
G
o
v
T
ec
h
o
r
p
u
b
lic
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
,
9
w
er
e
n
o
t
s
itu
ated
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
-
co
u
n
tr
y
c
o
n
tex
ts
,
an
d
4
d
i
d
n
o
t
m
ee
t
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
1
4
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
f
in
al
s
y
n
t
h
esis
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
ig
o
r
,
b
o
th
au
th
o
r
s
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
co
n
d
u
cted
two
-
s
tag
e
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
(
titl
e/ab
s
tr
ac
t,
th
en
f
u
ll
-
tex
t)
b
ef
o
r
e
an
y
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
r
eso
lv
in
g
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
d
ialo
g
u
e
with
o
u
t th
ir
d
-
p
ar
ty
a
r
b
itra
tio
n
.
E
x
clu
s
io
n
r
ea
s
o
n
s
wer
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
f
o
r
all
r
ejec
ted
r
ec
o
r
d
s
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
ly
in
t
h
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
ata
b
ase
an
d
d
id
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
r
eg
is
ter
s
(
s
u
ch
as
clin
ical
tr
i
al
r
eg
is
ter
s
o
r
p
r
o
to
co
l
r
eg
is
ter
s
)
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
was
o
n
co
m
p
leted
an
d
in
d
e
x
ed
ac
ad
e
m
ic
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
s
y
s
tem
atic
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iews
in
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
p
u
b
lic
p
o
licy
a
n
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
s
s
ec
tio
n
in
th
e
PR
I
SMA
d
iag
r
am
is
m
ar
k
e
d
as z
er
o
(
0
)
Stag
e
5
:
T
h
e
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
th
e
1
4
s
elec
ted
p
a
p
er
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
h
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
to
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
q
u
alitativ
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
to
co
r
e
th
em
es
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
th
r
ee
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
class
if
y
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
eter
m
i
n
a
n
ts
,
id
en
tify
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tiv
e
ca
p
ac
i
ty
lim
itatio
n
s
,
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
s
(
GR
C
,
XAI
)
.
Ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
[
2
9
]
;
cla
r
ity
o
f
o
b
jecti
v
es,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
,
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
o
f
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
with
ea
ch
ar
ticle
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
e
v
alu
ated
b
y
t
wo
r
esear
ch
er
s
;
all
m
et
ad
eq
u
ate
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
A
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
ata
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
etails,
co
u
n
t
r
y
co
n
tex
t,
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
,
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ain
,
R
Q
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
2
6
:
2
1
9
2
-
2209
2196
ch
allen
g
es,
an
d
p
o
licy
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
B
o
th
au
th
o
r
s
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tly
ex
tr
ac
te
d
d
ata,
r
ec
o
n
ciled
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies,
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
m
atr
i
x
.
T
h
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
ed
ed
in
f
iv
e
iter
ativ
e
s
tep
s
:
Fam
iliar
izatio
n
,
in
itial
co
d
in
g
,
th
em
e
s
ea
r
c
h
in
g
,
th
e
m
e
r
ev
iew,
a
n
d
f
in
al
th
em
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
s
3
.
2
.
1
–
3
.
2
.
3
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t,
au
d
ita
b
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
r
ep
licab
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
r
aw
liter
atu
r
e
to
s
y
n
th
esized
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Stag
e
6
:
T
h
is
s
tag
e
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
an
d
d
ee
p
en
in
g
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
R
esu
lts
ch
ap
ter
.
E
ac
h
r
es
ea
r
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
r
ef
lectiv
ely
,
with
em
p
h
asis
o
n
its
r
elev
an
ce
to
th
e
p
u
b
lic
-
s
ec
to
r
c
o
n
tex
t.
Fo
r
R
Q1
,
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
d
is
cu
s
s
es
wh
y
ce
r
tain
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
d
eter
m
in
ativ
e
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
h
o
w
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
b
etwe
en
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
r
ess
u
r
es
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ca
p
ac
ity
,
cr
ea
te
d
is
tin
ct
p
atter
n
s
o
f
a
d
o
p
tio
n
.
Fo
r
R
Q2
,
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ad
o
p
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
an
d
ev
alu
ated
to
g
en
er
ate
a
m
o
r
e
h
o
l
is
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
co
n
g
r
u
e
n
t
with
th
e
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
.
Fo
r
R
Q3
,
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
m
o
d
els
an
d
eth
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
y
lin
k
in
g
th
e
s
y
n
t
h
esized
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
th
e
th
eo
r
i
es
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
c
e,
p
u
b
lic
v
alu
e,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
an
in
teg
r
ated
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
elu
cid
ates
h
o
w
G
R
C
an
d
XAI
ca
n
b
e
s
y
n
er
g
is
tically
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
to
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
leg
itima
c
y
,
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
o
f
AI
a
d
o
p
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
ce
s
s
o
f
s
elec
tin
g
r
elev
an
t liter
atu
r
e
u
s
in
g
PR
I
SMA
2
0
2
0
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
s
ets
o
u
t
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
r
esu
lts
alo
n
g
s
id
e
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
Fin
d
in
g
s
ca
n
b
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ig
u
r
es,
g
r
a
p
h
s
,
tab
le
s
,
o
r
o
th
er
m
ea
n
s
to
en
h
an
ce
r
ea
d
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
m
ay
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
m
u
ltip
le
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia,
f
o
u
r
teen
p
a
p
er
s
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
an
d
2
0
2
5
wer
e
id
en
tifi
ed
f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ie
s
s
p
an
d
i
v
er
s
e
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ical
co
n
tex
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
ac
r
o
s
s
Asi
a
(
in
clu
d
in
g
ASEA
N)
,
Af
r
ic
a,
L
atin
Am
er
ica,
as
well
as
g
lo
b
al
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
g
o
ve
r
n
men
t te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
…
(
Ma
r
ia
F
lo
r
en
tin
a
R
u
mb
a
)
2197
s
tu
d
ies.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
p
u
b
licatio
n
ac
tiv
ity
r
em
ai
n
ed
lo
w
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
2
(
o
n
e
p
ap
er
p
er
y
ea
r
)
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
n
o
ta
b
ly
in
2
0
2
3
a
n
d
2
0
2
4
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o
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r
p
ap
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ch
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,
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d
h
as
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ea
d
y
y
ield
ed
th
r
ee
p
ap
er
s
in
2
0
2
5
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
u
s
tain
ed
r
esear
ch
i
n
ter
est in
th
is
to
p
ic.
Pu
b
licatio
n
s
o
n
AI
in
Go
v
T
ec
h
with
in
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
r
em
ain
ed
lo
w
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
2
(
o
n
e
p
ap
er
p
er
y
ea
r
)
,
th
en
s
u
r
g
e
d
in
2
0
2
3
an
d
2
0
2
4
(
f
o
u
r
p
ap
er
s
ea
ch
)
,
r
ef
lectin
g
g
r
o
win
g
atten
tio
n
am
id
p
o
s
t
-
p
an
d
e
m
ic
AI
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
an
d
Go
v
T
e
ch
m
atu
r
ity
.
Par
tial
d
ata
f
o
r
2
0
2
5
alr
ea
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
r
ee
p
ap
er
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
u
s
tain
ed
r
elev
an
ce
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
Asi
a
d
o
m
in
ates
with
s
ev
en
p
ap
er
s
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
g
lo
b
al
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
with
f
iv
e.
Af
r
ica
an
d
L
atin
Am
er
ic
a
ea
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
o
n
ly
o
n
e
p
a
p
er
,
h
i
g
h
lig
h
tin
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t r
esear
ch
g
a
p
in
th
e
s
e
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
-
2
0
2
5
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
s
b
y
r
e
g
io
n
Asi
a
d
o
m
in
ates
th
e
co
r
p
u
s
with
s
ev
en
p
ap
e
r
s
,
r
ef
lecti
n
g
h
ig
h
d
ig
ital
a
d
o
p
tio
n
a
n
d
d
iv
e
r
s
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
co
n
tex
ts
(
C
h
in
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
Ma
lay
s
ia,
Sri
L
an
k
a)
.
Glo
b
al
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
llo
w
with
f
iv
e
p
ap
er
s
,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
co
m
p
ar
in
g
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
n
d
d
e
v
elo
p
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Af
r
ica
an
d
L
ati
n
Am
er
ica
r
em
ain
u
n
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
ted
with
o
n
e
p
a
p
er
ea
ch
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
n
o
tab
le
r
esear
ch
g
ap
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
C
h
atb
o
ts
an
d
AI
ass
is
tan
ts
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ied
ap
p
licatio
n
(
f
o
u
r
p
ap
e
r
s
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
s
m
ar
t
cities,
an
d
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ices
(
th
r
ee
ea
ch
)
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
d
ata
an
al
y
tics
an
d
b
ig
d
ata
ap
p
ea
r
i
n
o
n
ly
o
n
e
p
ap
er
,
d
esp
ite
b
ein
g
cr
itical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
A
I
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
C
h
atb
o
ts
an
d
AI
ass
is
tan
ts
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
esear
ch
e
d
to
p
ic
(
f
o
u
r
p
ap
er
s
)
,
v
al
u
ed
as
an
ea
s
y
-
to
-
ad
o
p
t
en
tr
y
p
o
i
n
t
with
im
m
ed
iate
im
p
ac
t
o
n
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ice
d
eliv
er
y
.
Hea
lth
ca
r
e,
s
m
ar
t
cities,
an
d
g
en
e
r
al
p
u
b
li
c
s
er
v
ices
ea
ch
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
r
ee
p
ap
er
s
,
r
ef
lectin
g
s
ec
to
r
al
p
r
i
o
r
ities
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
d
ata
an
aly
tics
an
d
b
ig
d
ata
ap
p
ea
r
in
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
p
ap
e
r
,
d
esp
ite
b
ei
n
g
c
r
itical
AI
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
esear
ch
em
p
h
asizes
ap
p
licativ
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
v
e
r
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
d
ata
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e.
A
s
y
s
tem
atic
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
2
6
:
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1
9
2
-
2209
2198
th
e
f
o
u
r
teen
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies
is
g
iv
en
i
n
T
ab
le
1
,
e
n
ca
p
s
u
latin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
,
citatio
n
s
,
co
u
n
tr
y
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
wi
th
in
Go
v
T
ec
h
,
r
esear
c
h
o
b
je
ctiv
es,
an
d
th
e
k
ey
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
ea
ch
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
m
p
iled
in
th
is
tab
le
s
er
v
e
as
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
aim
ed
at
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
AI
t
o
p
ics in
v
esti
g
ate
d
with
in
Go
v
T
ec
h
T
ab
le
1
.
L
iter
atu
r
e
m
ee
tin
g
all
cr
iter
ia
Y
e
a
r
C
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
C
o
n
t
e
x
t
A
I
i
n
G
o
v
Te
c
h
K
e
y
F
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
2
0
2
5
[
4
0
]
G
l
o
b
a
l
(
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
)
E
-
g
o
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me
n
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i
mp
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e
m
e
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t
a
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n
D
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p
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c
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n
t
r
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l
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f
r
a
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t
r
u
c
t
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a
n
d
p
o
l
i
c
y
;
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
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g
f
a
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n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
i
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t
a
l
d
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v
i
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e
;
h
o
l
i
s
t
i
c
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
n
e
e
d
e
d
.
2
0
2
5
[
4
1
]
G
l
o
b
a
l
(
S
LR
)
C
h
a
t
b
o
t
s f
o
r
p
u
b
l
i
c
serv
i
c
e
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
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a
d
i
n
e
ss (
t
e
c
h
,
d
a
t
a
,
o
r
g
w
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l
l
)
i
s
k
e
y
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C
h
a
t
b
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t
s
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mp
r
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v
e
o
u
t
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e
a
c
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b
u
t
r
a
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se
e
t
h
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
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a
c
c
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r
a
c
y
,
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
)
.
2
0
2
5
[
1
3
]
C
h
i
n
a
A
I
f
o
r
l
o
c
a
l
g
o
v
e
r
n
a
n
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e
(
S
h
e
n
z
h
e
n
)
A
I
c
r
e
a
t
e
s
p
u
b
l
i
c
v
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l
u
e
b
u
t
p
r
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o
r
i
t
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z
e
s
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n
t
e
r
n
a
l
e
f
f
i
c
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e
n
c
y
o
v
e
r
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
serv
i
c
e
s.
R
o
l
e
s:
“
A
I
c
a
g
e
”
a
n
d
“
A
I
c
o
l
l
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a
g
u
e
”
.
2
0
2
5
[
2
6
]
S
r
i
La
n
k
a
A
I
C
h
a
t
b
o
t
s
i
n
g
o
v
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r
n
me
n
t
a
d
m
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n
Tr
u
st
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s
o
c
i
a
l
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n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
d
e
si
g
n
q
u
a
l
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t
y
d
o
m
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n
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t
e
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d
o
p
t
i
o
n
.
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e
r
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e
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v
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d
e
a
se
o
f
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se
d
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e
s
n
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t
d
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e
c
t
l
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
.
2
0
2
4
[
4
2
]
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
B
i
g
d
a
t
a
,
b
i
o
met
r
i
c
s
,
A
I
r
o
b
o
t
i
c
s
,
e
t
c
.
K
e
y
o
b
st
a
c
l
e
s:
l
a
c
k
o
f
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
,
d
a
t
a
p
r
i
v
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c
y
,
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
r
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
.
B
e
n
e
f
i
t
s:
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
su
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
2
0
2
4
[
4
3
]
G
l
o
b
a
l
(
a
u
t
h
o
r
s fr
o
m
O
man
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
,
Y
e
me
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I
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o
T
f
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o
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m
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t
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I
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c
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ser
v
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s
,
b
u
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c
h
a
l
l
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g
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s
:
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r
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v
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c
y
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t
h
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s
,
d
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g
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t
a
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d
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v
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d
e
.
X
A
I
n
e
e
d
e
d
.
2
0
2
4
[
4
4
]
A
f
r
i
c
a
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
A
I
f
o
r
su
st
a
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d
u
c
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n
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r
r
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:
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n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
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,
sk
i
l
l
s,
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
.
P
r
o
p
o
ses
5
-
p
i
l
l
a
r
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
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2
0
2
3
[
4
5
]
B
r
a
z
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l
(
C
e
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g
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h
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s fo
r
smar
t
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r
n
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n
c
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F
r
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mew
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r
k
:
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n
f
r
a
st
r
u
c
t
u
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e
,
r
e
a
d
i
n
e
ss,
g
o
v
e
r
n
a
n
c
e
,
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s.
C
h
a
t
b
o
t
s
c
a
n
b
u
i
l
d
t
r
u
st
.
2
0
2
3
[
4
6
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
A
I
a
c
r
o
ss e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
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h
e
a
l
t
h
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I
C
T,
l
i
c
e
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si
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g
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t
r
a
n
s
p
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mp
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d
w
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d
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l
y
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d
r
i
v
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b
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c
sec
t
o
r
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
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r
a
mew
o
r
k
f
o
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
a
n
c
e
st
u
d
i
e
s
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
.
2
0
2
3
[
4
7
]
C
h
i
n
a
AI
-
su
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
co
-
g
o
v
e
r
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a
n
c
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m
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b
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g
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c
h
a
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n
g
e
s
a
n
d
o
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p
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r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s.
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
AI
-
a
u
g
m
e
n
t
e
d
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
a
n
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
.
2
0
2
3
[
4
8
]
C
h
i
n
a
,
Th
a
i
l
a
n
d
,
B
r
a
z
i
l
A
I
f
o
r
d
i
a
b
e
t
i
c
r
e
t
i
n
o
p
a
t
h
y
scre
e
n
i
n
g
(
h
e
a
l
t
h
G
o
v
Te
c
h
)
C
o
s
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
s
o
me
L
M
I
C
s,
b
u
t
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
.
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r
g
e
n
t
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
l
o
c
a
l
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
s.
2
0
2
2
[
4
9
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
A
I
f
o
r
e
-
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s:
w
e
a
k
l
e
g
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
d
a
t
a
u
n
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
l
a
c
k
o
f
H
R
.
I
n
f
r
a
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
H
R
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
men
t
k
e
y
.
2
0
2
1
[
2
5
]
C
h
i
n
a
I
o
T
+
A
I
f
o
r
smar
t
c
i
t
i
e
s
Te
n
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
;
i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
r
e
“
c
a
u
se
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
”
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
o
t
h
e
r
s.
2
0
2
0
[
2
7
]
LM
I
C
s
AI
-
b
a
se
d
h
e
a
l
t
h
-
t
e
c
h
P
r
o
p
o
ses
5
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
b
l
o
c
k
s fo
r
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
l
e
,
su
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
,
i
n
c
l
u
si
v
e
A
I
i
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
.
Em
p
h
a
s
i
z
e
s
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
me
n
t
.
D
r
a
w
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
e
v
i
e
we
d
l
i
te
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
t
h
e
s
y
n
t
h
es
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d
c
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l
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s
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a
r
t
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c
le
a
r
e
o
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d
b
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l
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w
:
a.
Stu
d
y
1
: Co
m
p
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s
tu
d
y
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E
-
Go
v
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r
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m
en
t
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p
lem
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A
PR
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SMA
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g
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r
ev
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o
f
2
4
ar
ticles
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cc
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in
an
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v
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lead
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s
h
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tab
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p
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in
ter
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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g
I
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N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Th
e
a
d
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p
tio
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f
a
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tifi
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l in
tellig
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(
Ma
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F
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tin
a
R
u
mb
a
)
2199
co
o
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in
atio
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in
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al)
,
p
lu
s
d
ig
ital
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
citizen
liter
ac
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d
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en
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en
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tr
o
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am
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k
s
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XAI
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o
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tr
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s
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b.
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am
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o
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ch
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o
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n
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en
ts
A
s
y
s
tem
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r
ev
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o
f
5
3
a
r
ticles
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
C
h
atb
o
ts
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o
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tio
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f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
co
v
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g
f
o
u
r
d
o
m
ain
s
:
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u
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p
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es,
b
en
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k
s
,
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s
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p
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d
2
4
/7
en
g
ag
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e
n
t.
Key
c
h
allen
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es
in
clu
d
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
ac
co
u
n
ta
b
ilit
y
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
an
d
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
(
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
e
x
p
er
tis
e,
r
eg
u
latio
n
)
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
h
u
m
an
-
lik
en
ess
d
r
iv
e
ac
ce
p
tan
c
e.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
s
R
Q1
(
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
)
,
R
Q2
(
p
ar
ticip
ato
r
y
d
esig
n
)
,
a
n
d
R
Q3
(
r
o
b
u
s
t r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
)
.
c.
Stu
d
y
3
: A
I
'
s
r
o
le
in
lo
ca
l g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
an
d
p
u
b
lic
v
alu
e
cr
ea
t
io
n
Usi
n
g
m
ix
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
(
L
DA
to
p
ic
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
n
1
0
3
p
o
licy
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
p
lu
s
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies),
th
is
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
s
f
o
u
r
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
Data
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
,
Po
licy
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
,
I
n
tellig
en
t
Ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
Mu
lti
-
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
C
o
llab
o
r
ati
o
n
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
ef
f
o
r
ts
p
r
io
r
itize
o
p
er
atio
n
al
v
alu
e
(
in
ter
n
a
l
ef
f
icien
cy
)
o
v
er
s
tr
ateg
ic
v
alu
e
(
citizen
-
f
ac
i
n
g
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
)
.
AI
p
la
y
s
two
r
o
les:
th
e
“AI
C
a
g
e”
(
s
tan
d
ar
d
izin
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e)
an
d
th
e
“AI
C
o
lleag
u
e”
(
h
an
d
lin
g
r
o
u
tin
e
task
s
v
ia
R
PA)
.
Op
tim
al
u
s
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
ag
ile
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
an
d
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
-
as
-
a
-
Platfo
r
m
p
r
in
cip
les,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
R
Q1
(
ag
ile
cu
ltu
r
e)
,
R
Q2
(
in
teg
r
ated
AI
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
)
,
an
d
R
Q3
(
XAI
f
o
r
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
)
.
d.
Stu
d
y
4
: D
eter
m
in
a
n
ts
o
f
AI
C
h
atb
o
ts
ad
o
p
tio
n
i
n
Sri
L
an
k
a
T
h
is
q
u
an
titativ
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
an
ex
ten
d
ed
T
AM
(
ad
d
in
g
tr
u
s
t,
d
esig
n
q
u
ality
,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
)
with
s
u
r
v
ey
d
ata
f
r
o
m
2
0
7
p
u
b
lic
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
Six
o
f
n
in
e
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
es
wer
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
:
s
o
cial
in
f
l
u
en
ce
af
f
ec
ts
tr
u
s
t;
tr
u
s
t
an
d
d
esig
n
a
f
f
ec
t
p
er
c
eiv
ed
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
wh
ic
h
af
f
ec
ts
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
th
en
attitu
d
e,
th
e
n
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
.
No
tab
ly
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
d
id
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
t
attitu
d
e,
an
d
tr
u
s
t
an
d
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
id
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
s
h
ap
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
in
d
icatin
g
co
n
tex
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ath
way
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
h
asizes
tr
u
s
t,
in
tu
itiv
e
d
esig
n
,
a
n
d
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
R
Q1
(
d
o
m
in
an
ce
o
f
t
h
ese
f
ac
t
o
r
s
)
,
R
Q2
(
in
tu
itiv
e
d
esig
n
as st
r
ateg
y
)
,
an
d
R
Q3
(
s
o
cio
-
co
n
tex
tu
al
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
)
.
e.
Stu
d
y
5
: A
n
e
x
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
in
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
AI
in
th
e
Ma
la
y
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
ec
to
r
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
p
o
licy
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
,
th
is
r
es
ea
r
ch
id
e
n
tifie
s
th
r
ee
im
p
ed
im
en
ts
:
lack
o
f
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
,
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
r
esis
tan
ce
.
I
t
o
u
tlin
es
Ma
lay
s
ia’
s
AI
p
o
licy
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
(
Natio
n
al
AI
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
,
Di
g
ital
E
co
n
o
m
y
B
lu
ep
r
i
n
t,
FaR
A
s
y
s
tem
)
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
f
o
u
r
-
p
r
in
cip
le
AI
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
:
Data
(
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
c
e)
,
Go
v
er
n
a
n
ce
(
ac
co
u
n
tab
ili
ty
)
,
Per
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
(
ef
f
icien
c
y
)
,
an
d
Mo
n
ito
r
i
n
g
(
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t)
.
B
en
ef
its
ar
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
b
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
u
s
tain
ed
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ef
f
o
r
t.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
R
Q1
(
cu
ltu
r
al
r
esis
tan
ce
as
a
b
ar
r
ie
r
)
,
R
Q2
(
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
-
b
ased
s
tr
ateg
y
)
,
an
d
R
Q3
(
Go
v
er
n
an
ce
an
d
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
as
GR
C
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
)
.
f.
Stu
d
y
6
: L
ev
e
r
ag
in
g
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
E
-
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
er
v
ices
A
r
ev
iew
o
f
3
1
ar
ticles
(
2
0
1
4
–
2
0
2
4
)
f
in
d
s
th
at
AI
an
d
I
o
T
en
h
an
ce
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
p
er
s
o
n
aliz
atio
n
,
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
(
r
e
d
u
cin
g
co
r
r
u
p
tio
n
,
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
)
.
XAI
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
C
h
allen
g
es
in
clu
d
e
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
th
e
d
ig
i
tal
d
iv
id
e,
in
ad
eq
u
ate
r
ea
d
in
e
s
s
,
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
b
ias.
Su
cc
ess
f
u
l
ad
o
p
tio
n
d
em
an
d
s
r
o
b
u
s
t
d
ig
ital
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
c
e,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
in
v
estme
n
t,
an
d
a
citizen
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
eth
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
s
R
Q1
(
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
)
,
R
Q2
(
f
lex
ib
le
p
o
licy
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
)
,
an
d
R
Q3
(
XAI
as c
r
itical
en
ab
ler
)
.
g.
Stu
d
y
7
: A
I
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t i
n
Af
r
ica
A
r
ev
iew
o
f
2
0
1
3
–
2
0
2
4
liter
atu
r
e
s
h
o
ws
AI
’
s
p
o
ten
tial
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e,
e
d
u
c
atio
n
,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t.
Yet
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
b
ar
r
ier
s
p
er
s
is
t:
wea
k
d
ig
ital/en
er
g
y
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
lo
w
AI
liter
ac
y
,
u
n
d
er
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
af
f
o
r
d
a
b
ilit
y
is
s
u
es,
an
d
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
with
lo
ca
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
f
iv
e
-
p
illar
s
tr
ateg
y
:
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
/r
esear
c
h
,
p
o
lic
y
/g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
an
d
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
.
I
t
em
p
h
asizes
p
a
r
allel
in
v
estme
n
t
in
p
eo
p
le
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
R
Q1
(
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
ca
p
ac
ity
)
,
R
Q2
(
co
n
tex
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
)
,
an
d
R
Q3
(
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
lo
ca
l
r
ea
liti
es).
h.
Stu
d
y
8
: A
C
o
n
ce
p
t
u
al
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
d
ig
ital tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
aim
ed
at
s
m
ar
t g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
in
B
r
a
zil
Field
r
esear
ch
in
C
ea
r
á
(
2
0
1
9
–
2
0
2
2
)
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ev
en
in
itiativ
e
s
(
e.
g
.
,
b
ig
d
ata
s
o
cial
p
latf
o
r
m
,
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
C
h
atb
o
ts
)
f
o
u
n
d
s
tr
o
n
g
lin
k
s
to
n
atio
n
al
p
o
licies
(
B
r
az
ilian
C
h
ar
ter
f
o
r
Sm
ar
t
C
ities
)
an
d
SDGs
1
6
an
d
1
7
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
h
as
s
ev
en
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
f
ed
er
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
s
tr
ateg
ic
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
m
u
lti
-
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
s
,
d
ig
ital
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es,
an
c
h
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
d
ata
o
n
i
n
v
is
ib
le
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
,
an
d
s
o
cially
-
ce
n
ter
ed
p
o
licies.
Su
cc
ess
h
in
g
es
o
n
s
o
cial
j
u
s
tice,
r
ea
ch
in
g
u
n
d
er
s
er
v
e
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
an
d
d
ata
liter
ac
y
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
R
Q1
(
n
atio
n
al
-
lo
ca
l
p
o
licy
in
ter
ac
tio
n
)
,
R
Q2
(
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es),
an
d
R
Q3
(
s
o
cial
ju
s
tice
an
d
d
ata
liter
ac
y
as g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
2
6
:
2
1
9
2
-
2209
2200
i.
Stu
d
y
9
: I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
A
I
in
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
u
b
lic
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
A
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
3
5
Sc
o
p
u
s
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
m
ap
s
AI
a
d
o
p
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e,
I
C
T
,
licen
s
in
g
,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
.
AI
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
(
e.
g
.
,
C
h
atb
o
ts
,
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
s
y
s
tem
s
,
e
-
licen
s
in
g
,
tr
af
f
ic
m
an
ag
em
en
t)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
cr
itical
g
ap
s
ex
is
t:
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
ex
am
in
e
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
g
o
v
e
r
n
a
n
ce
,
s
ec
to
r
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
is
k
s
,
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
b
ias,
d
ata
q
u
ality
,
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t,
o
r
u
n
i
n
ten
d
ed
c
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
.
R
ea
lizin
g
AI
’
s
p
r
o
m
is
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
eq
u
al
in
v
est
m
en
t
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
co
n
te
x
t
-
r
o
o
te
d
in
q
u
ir
y
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
R
Q1
(
s
ec
to
r
al
d
eter
m
in
a
n
ts
)
,
R
Q2
(
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
is
k
m
itig
atio
n
)
,
a
n
d
R
Q3
(
p
o
s
t
-
ad
o
p
tio
n
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
g
ap
s
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
atten
tio
n
)
.
j.
Stu
d
y
1
0
: A
I
-
Au
g
m
e
n
ted
co
ll
ab
o
r
ativ
e
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
in
s
o
cial
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
y
n
th
esizes
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
"AI
-
Au
g
m
e
n
ted
C
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
Go
v
er
n
an
ce
"
m
o
d
el.
AI
o
f
f
er
s
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
p
r
e
cisi
o
n
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
p
r
ed
ict
iv
e
p
o
wer
in
s
m
ar
t
cities
an
d
p
u
b
lic
s
af
ety
,
y
et
f
a
ce
s
ch
allen
g
es
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
i
v
a
cy
r
is
k
s
,
th
e
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e,
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ic
b
ias,
an
d
im
m
atu
r
e
leg
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
em
p
h
asizes
m
u
lti
-
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
(
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t,
NGOs,
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
)
with
AI
au
g
m
en
tin
g
r
at
h
er
th
an
r
ep
lac
in
g
h
u
m
an
ju
d
g
m
e
n
t.
I
t p
u
r
s
u
es th
r
ee
o
b
jectiv
es:
r
atio
n
alizin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
er
v
ice
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
eq
u
itab
le
s
o
cial
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
.
A
tr
af
f
ic
f
lo
w
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
p
ar
tial
v
iab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
R
Q1
(
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
as
a
leg
itima
cy
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
)
,
R
Q
2
(
v
alu
e
o
f
m
u
lti
-
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
)
,
an
d
R
Q3
(
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
g
o
v
er
n
an
c
e
as e
s
s
en
tial f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t)
.
k.
Stu
d
y
1
1
: A
n
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ass
ess
m
en
t o
f
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
f
o
r
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
d
etec
ti
o
n
in
L
MI
C
s
T
h
is
PR
I
SMA
-
g
u
id
ed
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
id
e
n
tifie
d
o
n
ly
f
iv
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
co
n
tain
i
n
g
f
u
ll
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
aly
s
es
o
f
AI
-
b
ased
d
iab
etic
r
etin
o
p
ath
y
s
cr
ee
n
i
n
g
in
lo
w
-
an
d
m
id
d
le
-
in
c
o
m
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
(
L
MI
C
s
)
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ev
id
e
n
ce
g
ap
.
T
h
r
ee
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
icate
d
th
at
AI
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
is
m
o
r
e
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
th
an
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
o
r
n
o
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
;
h
o
wev
er
,
Fav
o
r
ab
le
o
u
tco
m
es
a
r
e
h
ig
h
ly
c
o
n
tex
t
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t,
v
ar
y
in
g
with
lo
ca
l
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
,
r
ef
er
r
al
ad
h
er
e
n
ce
,
an
d
an
aly
tical
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
No
tab
ly
,
n
o
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ev
alu
a
tio
n
ex
is
ts
f
o
r
I
n
d
ia
d
esp
ite
its
h
av
in
g
t
h
e
wo
r
ld
’
s
s
ec
o
n
d
-
h
i
g
h
est
d
iab
etes
b
u
r
d
en
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
AI
’
s
p
o
ten
tial
to
r
ed
u
ce
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
o
n
s
ca
r
ce
s
p
ec
iali
s
ts
an
d
lo
wer
ac
ce
s
s
co
s
t
s
,
b
u
t
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
r
ea
lizin
g
th
is
p
o
ten
tial
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
n
tex
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic,
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
-
lev
el
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ev
id
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
f
o
r
m
R
Q1
(
c
o
n
tex
tu
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
o
u
tco
m
es),
R
Q2
(
n
e
ed
f
o
r
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
lo
ca
l
ass
ess
m
e
n
ts
)
,
an
d
R
Q3
(
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
n
tex
t
-
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
)
.
l.
Stu
d
y
1
2
: A
I
in
I
n
d
o
n
esian
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t ser
v
ices: c
h
allen
g
es a
n
d
s
tr
ateg
ic
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
T
h
is
q
u
alitativ
e
s
tu
d
y
f
in
d
s
th
at,
alth
o
u
g
h
AI
o
f
f
er
s
g
ain
s
in
ef
f
icien
cy
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
an
d
GDP
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
s
ev
e
n
o
b
s
tacle
s
h
in
d
er
its
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ice
d
eliv
e
r
y
:
l
o
w
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
am
o
n
g
civ
il
s
er
v
an
ts
,
n
o
n
-
i
n
teg
r
ated
in
ter
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
d
ig
ital
p
lan
n
in
g
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
u
n
e
v
en
in
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
,
lack
o
f
d
ig
ital
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
an
d
c
o
n
f
li
cts
o
f
in
ter
est.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
lau
n
ch
ed
th
e
Natio
n
al
AI
Stra
teg
y
2
0
2
0
-
2
0
4
5
,
a
m
u
lti
-
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
n
atio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
an
e
-
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
r
o
a
d
m
ap
,
a
n
d
th
e
SP
B
E
Pre
s
id
en
tial
R
eg
u
latio
n
to
s
t
r
en
g
th
en
le
g
al
an
d
tech
n
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
R
Q1
(
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
b
ar
r
ier
s
)
,
R
Q2
(
n
atio
n
al
-
lev
el
s
tr
ateg
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
es),
an
d
R
Q3
(
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
as a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
GR
C
)
.
m.
Stu
d
y
1
3
: Bar
r
ier
s
to
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
I
o
T
a
n
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
c
e
in
C
h
in
ese
s
m
ar
t c
ities
Usi
n
g
a
PR
I
SMA
-
g
u
id
ed
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
a
n
d
DE
MA
T
E
L
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
id
e
n
tifie
s
ten
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
an
aly
ze
s
th
eir
ca
u
s
al
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
Fo
u
r
p
r
in
cip
al
ca
u
s
al
f
ac
to
r
s
d
r
iv
e
o
r
ex
ac
er
b
ate
o
t
h
er
o
b
s
tacle
s
:
lack
o
f
ad
eq
u
ate
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
lim
ited
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
lo
w
p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t.
T
h
ese
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
ch
allen
g
es
af
f
ec
t
en
er
g
y
,
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
io
r
itize
r
o
o
t
ca
u
s
es
s
t
r
en
g
th
en
i
n
g
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e,
s
ec
u
r
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
an
d
b
u
ild
in
g
p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t
r
ath
er
th
an
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
R
Q1
(
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
as
ca
u
s
al
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
)
,
R
Q2
(
p
r
i
o
r
itizin
g
r
o
o
t
-
ca
u
s
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
)
,
a
n
d
R
Q3
(
p
u
b
li
c
tr
u
s
t a
s
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
leg
itima
cy
)
.
n.
Stu
d
y
1
4
: Fr
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
in
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
o
r
L
MI
C
s
T
h
is
p
o
s
itio
n
p
a
p
er
o
u
tlin
es
a
b
lu
ep
r
i
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
eth
ical
an
d
eq
u
itab
le
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
to
h
ea
lth
s
y
s
tem
s
in
lo
w
-
an
d
m
id
d
le
-
in
co
m
e
co
u
n
tr
ies.
W
h
ile
AI
h
o
ld
s
p
r
o
m
is
e
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ac
ce
s
s
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
co
s
ts
,
an
d
e
n
ab
li
n
g
ea
r
ly
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
d
etec
tio
n
,
it
also
ca
r
r
ies
L
MI
C
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
is
k
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
b
ias
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
-
in
co
m
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
d
ata
s
ets,
wea
k
lo
ca
l
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
f
r
ag
m
en
te
d
h
ea
lth
s
y
s
tem
s
,
lim
ited
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
ca
p
ac
ity
,
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
d
ee
p
e
n
m
ar
g
in
aliza
tio
n
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
f
iv
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
:
cu
ltiv
atin
g
lo
ca
l
AI
ex
p
e
r
tis
e,
estab
lis
h
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ad
o
p
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
-
b
ased
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
ac
co
u
n
tab
le
lo
c
al
lead
er
s
h
ip
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
clu
s
iv
e
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
en
g
a
g
em
en
t.
W
ith
o
u
t
ad
eq
u
ate
g
o
v
er
n
an
c
e,
AI
r
is
k
s
en
tr
en
ch
in
g
h
ea
lt
h
in
eq
u
ities
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ad
d
r
ess
R
Q1
(
co
n
tex
t
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
is
k
s
)
,
R
Q2
(
lo
ca
l
ca
p
ac
ity
-
b
u
ild
in
g
)
,
a
n
d
R
Q3
(
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
in
cl
u
s
iv
en
ess
as g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
p
r
in
cip
les).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
Th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
g
o
ve
r
n
men
t te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
…
(
Ma
r
ia
F
lo
r
en
tin
a
R
u
mb
a
)
2201
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
Dr
awin
g
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
f
er
s
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
th
at
u
n
d
er
p
in
t
h
is
in
q
u
ir
y
3
.
2
.
1
.
RQ
1
:
Which
ins
t
it
uti
o
na
l,
o
rg
a
niza
t
io
na
l,
a
nd
e
nv
iro
nm
ent
a
l
f
a
ct
o
rs
a
re
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
decisi
v
e
in
det
er
m
ini
ng
t
he
s
ucce
s
s
o
f
AI
a
do
ptio
n
in
G
o
v
T
ec
h
wi
t
hin
dev
elo
pin
g
co
u
ntr
ies,
a
nd
ho
w
do
t
hes
e
f
a
ct
o
rs int
er
a
ct
?
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
AI
in
Go
v
T
ec
h
a
cr
o
s
s
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
a
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
p
lay
o
f
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
id
en
tifie
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
Fro
m
a
n
in
s
titu
t
io
n
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
,
th
e
m
ajo
r
it
y
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
h
asize
th
e
c
r
itical
r
o
le
o
f
p
o
licy
,
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
an
d
d
ata
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
as
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
p
illar
s
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
[
2
5
]
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
d
ig
ital
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
n
s
titu
te
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
ca
u
s
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
to
cr
ea
te
an
d
m
ain
tain
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
3
]
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
th
at
m
an
y
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
till
f
ac
e
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
,
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t,
o
r
i
n
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
th
at
f
ail
to
en
s
u
r
e
d
ata
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
in
AI
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
[
2
7
]
ad
d
s
th
at
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
eth
ic
al
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
an
d
in
clu
s
iv
e
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
m
o
d
els
ca
n
lead
to
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
b
iases
,
co
m
m
er
cializa
tio
n
o
f
lo
w
-
q
u
ality
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
th
e
m
ar
g
in
aliza
tio
n
o
f
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
d
esig
n
a
n
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
[
2
6
]
also
af
f
ir
m
s
th
at
tr
u
s
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
o
m
in
an
t
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
,
a
f
in
d
in
g
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
[
2
6
]
,
[
4
1
]
,
[
4
6
]
,
[
4
7
]
wh
ich
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
p
u
b
lic
tr
u
s
t,
s
o
cial
n
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
o
f
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
tal
leg
i
tim
ac
y
ca
n
eith
er
ac
ce
ler
ate
o
r
im
p
ed
e
citizen
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
A
I
-
en
ab
le
d
s
er
v
ices.
At
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
lev
el,
in
ter
n
al
ca
p
ac
ity
em
er
g
es
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
n
s
i
s
ten
tly
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
d
eter
m
in
an
t
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
.
Nea
r
ly
all
s
tu
d
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
o
s
e
b
y
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
8
]
an
d
[
4
9
]
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
at
lim
itatio
n
s
in
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
c
es,
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
an
d
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
eten
cies
co
n
s
titu
te
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
AI
a
d
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ca
r
city
o
f
lo
ca
l
e
x
p
er
ts
,
in
ad
eq
u
ate
t
r
ain
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
,
an
d
h
ea
v
y
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
o
n
e
x
ter
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
er
s
r
esu
lt
in
p
er
s
is
ten
tly
lo
w
ab
s
o
r
p
tiv
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
[
2
7
]
.
R
esear
ch
b
y
[
1
3
]
illu
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
th
e
city
o
f
Sh
en
zh
en
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
o
v
er
ca
m
e
th
ese
b
ar
r
ier
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
a
g
ile
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
cu
ltu
r
e,
f
lex
ib
le
b
u
r
ea
u
cr
atic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
a
n
d
i
n
ten
s
iv
e
co
l
lab
o
r
atio
n
with
th
e
lo
ca
l
AI
in
d
u
s
tr
y
a
lev
el
o
f
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
th
at
r
em
ain
s
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
r
ep
licate
in
m
an
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
y
co
n
tex
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
[
2
6
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
well
-
d
esig
n
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
li
n
ess
,
m
u
ltil
in
g
u
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
in
tu
itiv
e
n
av
i
g
atio
n
,
r
ep
r
esen
t
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
u
s
er
s
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
[
4
7
]
c
o
n
ten
d
s
th
at
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
AI
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
e
ce
s
s
itate
s
a
m
o
r
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
r
estru
ctu
r
in
g
o
f
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
ar
g
u
in
g
th
at
with
o
u
t
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
e
-
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
AI
r
is
k
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
as
litt
le
m
o
r
e
th
an
a
c
o
s
m
etic
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
lay
e
r
th
at
f
ails
to
ad
d
r
ess
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
b
u
r
ea
u
c
r
atic
in
ef
f
i
cien
cies.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
lim
itatio
n
s
,
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
es,
s
o
cial
p
r
ess
u
r
es,
an
d
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
d
ec
is
iv
e.
Ph
y
s
ical
a
n
d
d
ig
ital
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
s
h
a
p
e
n
ea
r
ly
all
o
t
h
er
s
u
cc
ess
f
ac
to
r
s
[
2
5
]
;
r
em
o
te
ar
ea
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
Af
r
ica,
a
n
d
Ma
lay
s
ia
s
till
lack
ad
eq
u
a
te
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
9
]
an
d
[
4
4
]
.
C
it
izen
s
’
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
f
ast
s
er
v
ice
s
ac
ts
as
an
ad
o
p
tio
n
ca
taly
s
t
[
1
3
]
,
[
4
6
]
,
[
4
7
]
,
y
et
u
n
eq
u
al
ac
ce
s
s
,
d
ata
b
iases
,
an
d
p
o
wer
d
y
n
a
m
ics
ca
n
wo
r
s
en
in
eq
u
alities
[
2
7
]
.
Hea
lth
ca
r
e
in
lo
w
-
in
co
m
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
p
r
esen
ts
a
p
ar
ad
o
x
:
s
ev
er
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
cr
ea
te
u
r
g
en
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
AI
b
u
t
also
h
in
d
er
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
4
8
]
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
a
r
e
m
u
tu
al
ly
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
,
f
o
r
m
in
g
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ca
u
s
al
p
atter
n
s
.
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
r
e
“c
au
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
”
af
f
ec
tin
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
[
2
5
]
.
So
cial
in
f
l
u
en
ce
af
f
ec
ts
tr
u
s
t,
wh
ich
s
h
ap
es
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
attitu
d
e,
an
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ten
tio
n
[
2
6
]
.
W
ea
k
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
with
lo
w
o
r
g
a
n
i
za
tio
n
al
ca
p
ac
ity
g
en
e
r
ates
h
ar
m
f
u
l
d
ata
b
iases
[
2
7
]
;
co
n
v
er
s
ely
,
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
o
licies
en
ab
le
in
teg
r
ated
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
ag
ile
c
u
ltu
r
e,
cr
ea
tin
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
ar
e
d
y
n
am
ical
ly
ca
u
s
al,
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
v
ir
tu
o
u
s
o
r
v
icio
u
s
cy
cles
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
in
itial
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Su
cc
ess
f
u
l
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
is
n
ev
er
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
a
s
in
g
le
f
ac
to
r
.
Un
lik
e
p
r
io
r
r
e
v
iews
th
at
id
en
tifie
d
g
en
er
al
b
ar
r
ier
s
wit
h
o
u
t
e
x
am
in
in
g
ca
u
s
al
i
n
ter
a
ctio
n
s
[
1
6
]
,
o
u
r
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
e
als
d
is
tin
ct
cy
cles,
with
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
as
ca
u
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
[
2
5
]
.
W
h
ile
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
wo
r
k
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
h
i
g
h
-
in
co
m
e
c
o
n
tex
ts
[
1
4
]
,
o
u
r
s
y
n
th
esis
s
h
o
ws
th
a
t
d
eter
m
in
an
t
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
r
r
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
weig
h
ts
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ed
s
ettin
g
s
,
e.
g
.
,
tr
u
s
t
d
o
m
i
n
ates
in
Sri
L
a
n
k
a,
wh
e
r
ea
s
tech
n
ical
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
ten
p
r
ec
e
d
es
tr
u
s
t
in
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
2
6
]
,
C
o
m
p
a
r
ed
to
s
tu
d
ies
af
f
ir
m
in
g
h
ig
h
-
in
c
o
m
e
b
ias
in
AI
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
i
p
[
2
4
]
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
ag
g
r
eg
ates
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
Asi
a,
Af
r
ica,
an
d
L
atin
Am
er
ica,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
o
b
s
tacle
s
an
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
ar
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
d
is
tin
ct,
n
o
t
m
er
el
y
less
d
ev
elo
p
ed
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
o
s
e
in
wea
lth
y
co
u
n
tr
ies.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
r
eq
u
i
r
es
h
o
lis
tic
al
ig
n
m
en
t
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
(
clea
r
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
eth
ical
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
s
u
s
tain
ed
f
u
n
d
in
g
)
,
o
r
g
a
n
iz
atio
n
al
(
co
m
p
eten
t
HR
,
v
is
io
n
ar
y
lea
d
er
s
h
ip
,
u
s
er
-
ce
n
t
er
ed
d
esig
n
)
,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
(
a
d
eq
u
ate
d
ig
ital
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
co
n
s
tr
u
cti
v
e
p
u
b
lic
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ti
v
e
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
)
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
;
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
r
is
k
s
ad
o
p
tio
n
f
ailu
r
e,
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
b
ias,
er
o
d
ed
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
in
eq
u
ality
.
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