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20
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v
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.
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2210
J
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From clima
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fra
m
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k
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d
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te
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e
d
to
o
t
h
e
r
c
ro
p
s
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d
re
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io
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s
f
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r
c
li
m
a
te
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a
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a
p
ti
v
e
a
g
r
icu
lt
u
ra
l
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
alan
ce
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
C
h
ili
Ma
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
Plan
tin
g
ca
len
d
ar
Sp
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
m
o
d
elin
g
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
E
f
r
an
s
C
h
r
is
tian
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atic
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Palan
g
k
a
R
ay
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
UPR
T
u
n
ju
n
g
Ny
ah
o
C
am
p
u
s
,
Yo
s
Su
d
ar
s
o
Stre
et,
Palan
g
k
a
R
ay
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
ef
r
an
s
@
it.u
p
r
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
lim
ate
ch
an
g
e
h
as
m
ad
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
to
p
r
ed
ict,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
tin
g
tr
o
p
ical
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
e,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
ch
ili
(
C
a
p
s
icu
m
fr
u
tescen
s
)
,
wh
ich
is
h
i
g
h
ly
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
r
ain
f
all.
C
h
a
n
g
es
in
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
th
e
r
ai
n
y
an
d
d
r
y
s
ea
s
o
n
s
o
f
ten
ca
u
s
e
f
ar
m
er
s
to
m
is
ju
d
g
e
th
e
p
lan
tin
g
tim
e,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
lo
wer
y
ield
s
.
T
o
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
,
a
s
y
s
tem
is
n
e
ed
ed
th
at
ca
n
h
elp
f
ar
m
er
s
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
ig
h
t
p
lan
tin
g
tim
e
b
y
lo
o
k
in
g
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
wea
th
er
,
s
o
il,
an
d
cr
o
p
y
ield
s
.
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
-
b
ased
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
es
ar
e
n
o
w
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
a
r
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
p
atter
n
s
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t e
asil
y
s
ee
n
m
an
u
ally
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
–
lev
el
m
o
n
th
ly
d
ata
f
r
o
m
Pu
lan
g
Pis
au
Dis
tr
ic
t,
C
en
tr
al
K
alim
an
tan
.
T
h
e
d
ata
u
s
ed
in
clu
d
e:
i)
m
o
n
th
ly
ch
ili
h
a
r
v
est
d
ata
f
r
o
m
B
PS
(
2
0
2
0
–
2
0
2
4
)
,
ii)
r
ain
f
all
d
ata
f
r
o
m
C
HI
R
PS
,
iii)
air
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
E
R
A5
,
an
d
iv
)
s
o
il
d
ata
f
r
o
m
So
ilGr
id
s
,
s
u
ch
as
p
H,
o
r
g
an
ic
co
n
ten
t,
an
d
s
o
il
tex
tu
r
e.
T
h
ese
th
r
ee
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
r
esear
ch
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
c
o
v
er
a
lar
g
e
ar
ea
an
d
ar
e
o
f
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
[
2
]
–
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
tem
p
o
r
a
l
p
atter
n
s
in
r
ai
n
f
all,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
r
o
m
clima
te
time
s
erie
s
to
p
la
n
tin
g
w
in
d
o
w
s
in
ch
ili (
C
a
p
s
i
cu
m
fr
u
tescen
s
)
:
… (
E
fr
a
n
s
C
h
r
is
tia
n
)
2211
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
a
n
d
s
o
il
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tep
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
en
lan
d
a
n
d
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
m
o
s
t su
itab
le
f
o
r
ch
ili g
r
o
wth
[
5
]
.
I
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
p
atial
d
ata
s
u
ch
as
th
is
,
th
er
e
ar
e
two
m
ai
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
o
f
ten
ar
is
e.
First,
d
ata
b
etwe
en
r
e
g
io
n
s
ar
e
o
f
ten
i
n
te
r
r
elate
d
(
a
u
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
)
,
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
m
a
y
ap
p
ea
r
b
etter
th
a
n
r
ea
lity
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
th
e
leav
e
-
one
-
g
r
o
u
p
-
o
u
t
(
L
OGO)
m
eth
o
d
,
in
wh
ich
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
is
test
ed
alter
n
ately
s
o
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
f
air
er
an
d
d
o
n
o
t
o
v
er
lap
[
6
]
.
Seco
n
d
,
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
d
ata,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
wh
er
e
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
"su
itab
l
e"
lan
d
is
less
th
an
"u
n
s
u
itab
l
e"
lan
d
,
m
a
k
es
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
el
t
o
lear
n
co
r
r
ec
tly
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
th
e
b
alan
ce
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
(
B
A)
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
id
er
s
two
ty
p
es
o
f
er
r
o
r
s
,
n
am
ely
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
es
an
d
f
alse
n
eg
ativ
es
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
also
u
s
ed
i
n
s
im
ilar
s
tu
d
ies o
n
d
ata
im
b
alan
ce
in
t
h
e
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
al
s
ec
to
r
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
m
ain
p
ar
ts
.
First,
th
e
SA
R
I
MA
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
r
ain
f
all
an
d
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
1
2
m
o
n
th
s
[
1
0
]
.
Seco
n
d
,
SVM
is
u
s
ed
to
a
s
s
ess
s
o
il
s
u
itab
ilit
y
b
ased
o
n
its
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
ch
e
m
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
ir
d
,
XGBo
o
s
t
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
cr
o
p
y
ield
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
cli
m
ate,
s
o
il,
an
d
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
y
iel
d
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
e
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
p
r
ed
ictin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ag
r
ic
u
l
tu
r
al
y
ield
s
[
1
2
]
.
Featu
r
es
ar
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
elec
ted
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
u
n
b
iased
.
Featu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
o
n
t
h
'
s
r
ain
f
all
an
d
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
h
ar
v
est
y
ield
s
,
an
d
s
o
il
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
r
o
v
ed
t
o
b
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
en
tial
o
n
c
h
ili
p
r
o
d
u
c
tiv
ity
.
T
h
is
is
in
lin
e
with
r
esear
ch
[
1
3
]
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
o
il q
u
ality
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
an
d
m
ic
r
o
c
lim
ate
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
g
r
o
wth
an
d
y
ield
o
f
r
ed
ch
ilies
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
b
y
p
r
es
en
tin
g
a
s
im
p
le
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ad
a
p
tiv
e
p
lan
tin
g
ti
m
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
at
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
lev
el.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
s
tu
d
y
[
1
4
]
th
at
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
ata
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
clim
ate
m
o
d
els
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
e
f
f
icien
t
p
lan
tin
g
tim
es
th
at
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e,
an
d
is
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
[
1
5
]
w
h
ich
m
o
d
els ch
ili g
r
o
wth
b
ased
o
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
First,
it
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
u
n
if
ied
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
s
tatis
tical
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
in
to
a
s
in
g
l
e
d
ec
is
io
n
p
ip
elin
e
f
o
r
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
al
p
lan
n
in
g
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
b
alan
ce
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
–
d
r
iv
en
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
co
m
b
in
e
d
with
L
OGO
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
to
a
d
d
r
ess
class
im
b
alan
ce
an
d
s
p
atial
leak
ag
e
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
r
eg
io
n
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
s
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
d
ata
in
to
ac
tio
n
ab
le
p
lan
tin
g
win
d
o
w
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
b
r
id
g
in
g
th
e
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
an
d
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
Fin
ally
,
alth
o
u
g
h
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
o
n
ch
ili
cu
ltiv
atio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
d
esig
n
e
d
to
b
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
le
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
le
to
o
th
er
cr
o
p
s
an
d
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
r
e
g
io
n
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
An
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
to
co
n
v
er
t
m
o
n
th
ly
clim
ate
tim
e
s
er
ies
in
to
ch
ili
p
la
n
tin
g
win
d
o
w
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
at
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
lev
el.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
iv
e
m
ai
n
b
lo
c
k
s
:
i)
s
p
atial
-
tem
p
o
r
al
d
ata
ca
n
v
as
c
o
m
p
ilatio
n
,
ii)
f
ea
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
SAR
I
MA
-
b
ased
clim
ate
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
iii)
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
class
if
icatio
n
b
ased
o
n
SVM
with
B
A
th
r
esh
o
ld
tu
n
i
n
g
o
n
OOF
s
co
r
es,
iv
)
cr
o
p
y
ield
m
o
d
elin
g
b
ased
o
n
XGBo
o
s
t
(
r
esid
u
al
lear
n
in
g
s
ch
em
e)
,
a
n
d
v
)
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
ip
elin
e
a
n
d
m
u
lti
-
cr
o
p
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
.
All
tr
ain
in
g
a
n
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
u
s
ed
L
OGO
with
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
b
ei
n
g
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict,
to
av
o
id
l
o
ca
tio
n
leak
a
g
e
a
n
d
o
b
tain
co
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
cr
o
s
s
-
r
eg
i
o
n
al
g
en
e
r
aliza
tio
n
esti
m
ates.
All
th
e
s
tag
es
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
b
eg
an
with
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
a
l
d
ata
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Mo
n
th
ly
ch
ili
h
ar
v
est
d
ata
p
er
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
B
P
S
Pu
lan
g
Pi
s
au
(
2
0
2
0
–
2
0
2
4
)
,
r
ain
f
all
d
ata
f
r
o
m
C
HI
R
PS
,
air
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
f
r
o
m
E
R
A5
,
an
d
s
o
il
d
ata
f
r
o
m
So
ilGr
id
s
co
v
er
in
g
p
H,
o
r
g
a
n
ic
ca
r
b
o
n
,
C
E
C
,
b
u
l
k
d
en
s
ity
,
an
d
tex
tu
r
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
at
a
d
ep
th
o
f
0
–
3
0
cm
.
All d
at
a
wer
e
co
n
v
e
r
ted
to
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
o
r
m
at
u
s
in
g
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
t
–
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
–
lo
ad
(
E
T
L
)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
u
n
its
an
d
tim
e
in
d
ices.
E
ac
h
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
was
u
s
ed
as
a
s
in
g
le
u
n
it
o
f
a
n
aly
s
is
,
an
d
s
p
atial
av
er
ag
e
v
al
u
es
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
s
o
il
an
d
clim
ate
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
was
a
p
an
el
d
atas
et
with
a
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
–
m
o
n
th
–
y
ea
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
at
d
escr
ib
ed
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
y
n
a
m
ics
an
d
cr
o
p
y
ield
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
ast
f
iv
e
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
also
in
clu
d
e
d
clea
n
in
g
th
e
d
ata
o
f
e
x
tr
em
e
v
alu
es a
n
d
in
ter
p
o
latin
g
m
is
s
in
g
d
ata
p
o
i
n
ts
to
o
b
tain
a
c
o
m
p
lete
an
d
r
e
liab
le
d
atab
ase.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
f
ea
tu
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
s
ea
s
o
n
al
clim
ate
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
.
T
im
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
s
in
e
–
co
s
in
e
en
c
o
d
in
g
(
m
o
n
th
_
s
in
,
m
o
n
th
_
c
o
s
)
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
an
n
u
al
cy
cles
with
o
u
t
d
is
co
n
tin
u
ities
b
etwe
en
m
o
n
t
h
s
.
Fro
m
r
ain
f
all
a
n
d
tem
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
d
ata,
lag
f
ea
tu
r
es
(
1
–
3
m
o
n
th
s
p
r
io
r
)
,
r
o
llin
g
m
ea
n
s
(
2
to
3
m
o
n
th
a
v
er
ag
es
)
,
an
d
s
ea
s
o
n
al
an
o
m
alies
r
ela
tiv
e
to
clim
ato
lo
g
ical
v
alu
es
a
r
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
.
Nex
t,
to
o
b
tain
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
clim
ate
f
o
r
ec
asts
,
a
s
ea
s
o
n
al
AR
I
MA
(
SAR
I
MA
)
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
e
x
tr
ac
ts
s
ea
s
o
n
al
p
atter
n
s
an
d
tr
en
d
s
f
r
o
m
r
ain
f
all
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
ata
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
to
p
r
ed
ict
v
alu
es
u
p
to
1
2
m
o
n
t
h
s
ah
ea
d
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
ec
as
t
r
esu
lts
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
in
th
e
cr
o
p
y
ield
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
as
a
b
asis
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
p
lan
tin
g
m
o
n
th
s
.
T
h
e
SAR
I
MA
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
2
1
0
-
2219
2212
s
im
p
le,
in
ter
p
r
etab
le,
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
at
ca
p
tu
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
tr
o
p
ical
clim
ates
with
s
tr
o
n
g
s
ea
s
o
n
al
p
atter
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
T
h
e
th
ir
d
s
tag
e
is
th
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
m
ac
h
i
n
e
(
SVM)
m
o
d
el
with
r
ad
ial
b
asis
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
R
B
F)
k
er
n
el.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tag
e
i
s
to
es
tim
ate
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
ch
ili
c
u
ltiv
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
c
h
em
ical
s
o
il
v
a
r
iab
les.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
class
es
b
etwe
en
"su
itab
le"
an
d
"u
n
s
u
itab
le"
lan
d
is
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
,
th
e
class
_
weig
h
t
=
b
alan
ce
d
p
ar
am
eter
is
ap
p
lied
s
o
th
at
b
o
th
class
es
r
ec
eiv
e
f
air
t
r
ain
in
g
weig
h
ts
[
1
6
]
.
Valid
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
L
OGO
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
in
wh
ich
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
is
u
s
ed
alter
n
ately
a
s
test
d
ata,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
ar
e
u
s
ed
a
s
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
p
r
ev
e
n
ts
d
ata
lea
k
ag
e
b
et
wee
n
r
eg
i
o
n
s
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
a
t
th
e
m
o
d
el
r
esu
lts
r
ef
lect
s
p
atial
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
is
n
o
t
s
et
at
a
f
ix
ed
v
alu
e
(
e.
g
.
,
0
.
5
)
b
u
t is d
eter
m
in
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
h
ig
h
est B
A
v
alu
e
in
th
e
L
OG
O
o
u
t
-
of
-
f
o
ld
(
OOF)
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
s
tag
e
is
p
r
ed
ictin
g
cr
o
p
y
ield
s
u
s
in
g
E
x
tr
e
m
e
Gr
ad
ien
t
B
o
o
s
tin
g
(
XGBo
o
s
t)
with
a
r
esid
u
al
lear
n
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
s
elec
ted
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
co
m
p
lex
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
icte
d
tar
g
et
is
th
e
ch
an
g
e
in
m
o
n
t
h
ly
cr
o
p
y
ield
(
∆
y
ield
)
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
lan
tin
g
an
d
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
p
er
io
d
s
,
with
two
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
:
lead
0
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
t
er
m
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
an
d
lead
3
–
5
f
o
r
m
e
d
iu
m
-
ter
m
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
th
at
r
ef
lect
th
e
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
cy
cle
o
f
ch
ili
p
ep
p
e
r
s
,
wh
ich
is
ar
o
u
n
d
th
r
ee
m
o
n
t
h
s
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
u
s
ed
in
clu
d
e
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
o
n
th
'
s
y
ield
,
r
ain
f
all
an
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
(
lag
,
r
o
llin
g
,
an
o
m
aly
)
,
s
ea
s
o
n
al
in
d
icato
r
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
il_
s
u
it_
p
r
o
b
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
was tr
ain
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
L
OGO
s
ch
em
e
s
o
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
co
u
ld
b
e
g
en
er
alize
d
ac
r
o
s
s
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
.
T
h
e
f
if
th
s
tag
e
is
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
p
lan
tin
g
tim
e
an
d
m
u
lti
-
p
lan
tin
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
All
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
m
o
d
els
ar
e
co
m
b
in
e
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
b
est
m
o
n
th
f
o
r
p
la
n
tin
g
c
h
ili
p
ep
p
er
s
in
ea
c
h
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict.
T
h
r
ee
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
:
th
e
y
ield
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
co
r
e
f
r
o
m
XGBo
o
s
t,
r
ain
f
all
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
f
o
r
ec
asts
f
r
o
m
S
AR
I
MA
,
an
d
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ies
f
r
o
m
SVM.
M
o
n
th
s
with
r
ain
f
all
b
etwe
en
1
2
0
–
4
2
0
m
m
a
n
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
b
etwe
en
2
2
.
5
to
3
0
.
5
°C
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
id
ea
l
[
1
8
]
.
E
ac
h
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
1
2
m
o
n
th
ly
s
co
r
es
r
ef
lectin
g
p
lan
tin
g
s
u
itab
ilit
y
,
an
d
th
e
th
r
ee
m
o
n
th
s
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
es
ar
e
s
elec
ted
as
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
m
o
n
th
s
(
T
o
p
-
3
m
o
n
t
h
s
)
.
T
o
m
ak
e
th
e
p
la
n
tin
g
s
ch
ed
u
le
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic,
a
r
u
le
o
f
a
m
in
im
u
m
th
r
ee
-
m
o
n
th
in
te
r
v
al
b
etwe
en
p
lan
tin
g
cy
cles
is
ap
p
lied
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
u
p
to
two
p
lan
tin
g
s
ea
s
o
n
s
p
e
r
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
r
esu
lts
ar
e
v
is
u
alize
d
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
p
la
n
tin
g
ca
len
d
ar
an
d
Gan
tt
ch
ar
t,
wh
ich
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
lan
tin
g
an
d
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
p
e
r
io
d
s
p
er
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
b
ased
o
n
clim
ate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tag
e
is
m
o
d
el
ev
al
u
atio
n
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
.
All
m
o
d
els
ar
e
test
ed
u
s
in
g
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
q
u
an
titativ
e
m
etr
ics
an
d
v
is
u
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
L
OGO
s
p
atial
v
alid
atio
n
en
s
u
r
es
m
o
d
el
g
e
n
er
aliza
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
,
wh
ile
B
A
is
u
s
e
d
to
ass
ess
th
e
f
air
n
ess
o
f
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
class
if
icatio
n
.
Fo
r
cr
o
p
y
ield
m
o
d
els,
MA
E
,
R
MSE
,
an
d
R
²
ar
e
u
s
e
d
as
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
f
er
r
o
r
an
d
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ac
tu
al
an
d
p
r
ed
icted
y
ield
s
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
ati
o
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
th
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
ac
tu
al
s
ea
s
o
n
al
p
atter
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
lo
g
ical
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
m
o
d
el
r
e
s
u
lts
an
d
ag
r
o
n
o
m
ic
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
tatis
tical
ly
r
o
b
u
s
t m
o
d
els,
b
u
t a
ls
o
p
r
ac
tical
o
n
es th
at
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
b
y
d
ec
is
io
n
m
a
k
er
s
in
th
e
a
g
r
i
cu
ltu
r
al
s
ec
to
r
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n o
f
la
nd
s
uita
bil
it
y
cla
s
s
if
ica
t
io
n
A
SVM
m
o
d
el
with
an
R
B
F
k
er
n
el
was
u
s
ed
to
class
if
y
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
b
ased
o
n
s
o
il
attr
ib
u
tes
f
r
o
m
So
ilGr
id
s
(
p
H,
o
r
g
an
ic
C
,
C
E
C
,
b
u
lk
d
en
s
ity
,
an
d
tex
t
u
r
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
)
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
ata
was
im
b
alan
ce
d
,
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
r
o
m
clima
te
time
s
erie
s
to
p
la
n
tin
g
w
in
d
o
w
s
in
ch
ili (
C
a
p
s
i
cu
m
fr
u
tescen
s
)
:
… (
E
fr
a
n
s
C
h
r
is
tia
n
)
2213
ev
alu
atio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
B
A,
wh
ich
g
iv
es
eq
u
al
wei
g
h
t
to
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
er
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
b
o
th
s
u
itab
le
an
d
u
n
s
u
itab
le
class
es
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
f
air
ly
,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
b
ias
to
war
d
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
class
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
o
d
el
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
T
h
e
b
est
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
e
d
at
a
d
ec
is
io
n
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
θ
=0
.
5
3
with
B
A=
0
.
5
1
9
,
p
r
ec
is
i
o
n
=0
.
5
7
8
,
r
ec
all=0
.
3
9
2
,
an
d
F1
-
s
co
r
e=
0
.
4
6
7
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
is
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
h
ig
h
est
o
u
t
-
of
-
f
o
ld
L
OGO
s
co
r
e.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
ed
e
f
f
e
ctiv
e
in
r
e
d
u
cin
g
b
ias
to
wa
r
d
s
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
class
,
in
lin
e
with
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
[
2
0
]
th
at
B
A
is
m
o
r
e
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
e
f
o
r
class
im
b
alan
ce
d
ata
in
g
e
o
s
p
atial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Sp
atially
,
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
o
f
Kah
ay
an
Hilir,
J
ab
ir
en
R
ay
a,
an
d
Kah
ay
a
n
Ku
ala
h
av
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
u
itab
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
v
alu
es
(
s
o
il_
s
u
it_
p
r
o
b
>
0
.
7
0
)
,
wh
ic
h
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
ar
ea
s
an
d
lo
w
-
ly
in
g
lan
d
with
g
o
o
d
ir
r
ig
atio
n
.
T
h
e
L
OGO
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
an
d
r
ea
lis
tic
r
esu
lts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
r
an
d
o
m
v
alid
atio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
[
2
1
]
o
n
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
s
p
atial
b
lo
ck
-
b
ased
v
alid
atio
n
f
o
r
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
ata.
T
ab
le
1
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
m
et
r
ics o
f
th
e
SVM
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
L
OGO
Th
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
(
θ)
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
P
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
R
e
c
a
l
l
F1
-
sc
o
r
e
TN
FP
FN
TP
0
.
5
3
0
.
5
0
6
0
.
5
7
8
0
.
3
9
2
0
.
4
6
7
1
3
9
76
1
6
1
1
0
4
3
.
2
.
Clima
t
e
f
o
re
ca
s
t
ing
mo
del e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
Seaso
n
al
AR
I
MA
(
S
AR
I
MA
)
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
ject
m
o
n
th
ly
r
ain
f
all
an
d
air
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
u
p
to
1
2
m
o
n
t
h
s
ah
ea
d
p
er
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
ab
le
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
ea
s
o
n
al
p
atter
n
s
well,
with
MA
E
<
2
0
%
f
o
r
r
ain
f
all
an
d
R
²
≈
0
.
7
8
f
o
r
av
er
ag
e
air
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
r
ain
f
all
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
ec
ast
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
ac
tu
al
r
ai
n
y
s
ea
s
o
n
i
n
C
en
tr
al
Kalim
an
tan
(
No
v
e
m
b
er
–
Ma
r
ch
)
,
wh
ile
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
h
o
ws a
n
eg
ativ
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
r
ai
n
f
all.
See
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
SA
R
I
MA
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
tr
o
p
ical
r
eg
io
n
al
clim
ates
with
s
tr
o
n
g
s
ea
s
o
n
al
p
atter
n
s
,
as
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
ese
f
o
r
e
ca
s
t
v
alu
es
ar
e
th
e
m
ain
d
r
i
v
er
f
ea
tu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
XGBo
o
s
t m
o
d
el
in
ass
ess
in
g
p
o
ten
tial c
r
o
p
y
ield
s
an
d
p
lan
tin
g
m
o
n
th
s
u
itab
ilit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
ed
r
ain
f
all
an
d
SAR
I
MA
f
o
r
e
ca
s
t r
esu
lts
f
o
r
a
1
2
-
m
o
n
th
h
o
r
izo
n
3
.
3
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n o
f
t
he
cr
o
p y
ield pre
dict
io
n m
o
del
T
h
e
XGBo
o
s
t r
esid
u
al
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ed
ict
ch
a
n
g
es in
cr
o
p
y
ield
s
b
etwe
en
m
o
n
th
s
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
with
t
wo
tim
e
h
o
r
izo
n
s
:
L
ea
d
0
(
s
h
o
r
t te
r
m
)
→
d
ir
ec
t e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
b
asic m
o
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
L
ea
d
3
(
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
p
er
io
d
)
→
3
-
m
o
n
th
f
o
r
ec
ast b
ased
o
n
th
e
ch
ili p
lan
tin
g
–
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
c
y
cle.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
as in
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w:
L
ea
d
0
: M
AE
=
1
7
.
5
4
%,
R
MS
E
=
2
9
.
4
6
%,
R
²
=
0
.
6
9
6
L
ea
d
3
: M
AE
=
2
4
.
3
6
%,
R
MS
E
=
4
2
.
7
8
%,
R
²
=
0
.
3
5
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
2
1
0
-
2219
2214
T
h
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
i
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
l
ea
d
3
is
n
atu
r
al
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
clim
ate
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
an
R
²
v
alu
e
>
0
.
3
5
s
till
in
d
icate
s
a
f
air
ly
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
clim
ate
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
h
ar
v
e
s
t
y
ield
s
at
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
lev
el.
T
ab
le
2
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
XGBo
o
s
t e
v
alu
atio
n
m
etr
ics at
two
tim
e
h
o
r
izo
n
s
(
lead
0
a
n
d
lead
3
)
H
o
r
i
z
o
n
R2
Le
a
d
-
0
(
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
)
0
.
6
9
6
Le
a
d
-
3
(
p
h
y
s
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
)
0
.
3
5
8
An
aly
s
is
o
f
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
(
Fig
u
r
es
3
)
id
en
tifie
d
t
h
at
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
m
o
n
th
'
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
(
lag
1
)
was
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
o
m
i
n
an
t f
ac
to
r
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
r
o
llin
g
av
er
a
g
e
r
ai
n
f
all
(
2
–
3
m
o
n
th
s
)
,
r
ain
f
all
an
o
m
aly
,
an
d
s
o
il
s
u
itab
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
(
s
o
il_
s
u
it_
p
r
o
b
)
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
ap
p
ea
r
s
at
a
lag
o
f
2
–
3
m
o
n
th
s
with
a
m
o
d
er
ate
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
d
ela
y
ed
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
ch
ili
p
lan
ts
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
ar
e
i
n
lin
e
with
r
esear
c
h
[
2
3
]
wh
ich
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
clim
ate
an
d
s
o
il
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
th
e
m
ain
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
tr
o
p
ical
h
o
r
ticu
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
R
an
d
o
m
Fo
r
est
p
er
m
u
tatio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
.
X
-
a
x
i
s
:
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
I
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
;
Y
-
a
x
i
s
:
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
an
d
o
m
Fo
r
est p
er
m
u
tatio
n
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
3.
4
.
Ada
ptiv
e
a
nd
m
ulti
-
cr
o
p pla
nting
t
im
e
re
co
mm
enda
t
io
ns
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
o
d
el
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
p
la
n
tin
g
tim
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict.
T
h
e
p
lan
tin
g
m
o
n
th
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
th
r
ee
s
co
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
:
a.
C
lim
ate
f
o
r
ec
ast
(
SAR
I
MA
)
→
r
ain
f
all
o
f
1
2
0
–
4
2
0
m
m
/m
o
n
th
a
n
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
2
2
.
5
°C
to
3
0
.
5
°C
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
id
ea
l,
b.
L
an
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
(
SVM)
→
s
o
il_
s
u
it_
p
r
o
b
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
,
c.
Yield
p
r
ed
ictio
n
(
XGBo
o
s
t)
→
p
o
ten
tial y
ield
s
co
r
e.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
s
co
r
es
wer
e
n
o
r
m
al
ized
an
d
co
m
b
in
ed
u
s
in
g
em
p
ir
ical
weig
h
ts
to
s
elec
t
th
e
th
r
ee
m
o
n
th
s
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
co
r
es
(
T
o
p
-
3
m
o
n
th
s
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
th
at
m
o
s
t
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
h
av
e
th
eir
m
ain
p
lan
tin
g
s
ea
s
o
n
in
Octo
b
er
–
D
ec
em
b
er
,
a
n
d
a
s
ec
o
n
d
p
la
n
tin
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
in
Ap
r
il
–
J
u
n
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
t
h
e
Kah
ay
an
Hilir,
J
ab
ir
en
R
ay
a,
an
d
Kah
ay
a
n
Ku
ala
ar
ea
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
r
o
m
clima
te
time
s
erie
s
to
p
la
n
tin
g
w
in
d
o
w
s
in
ch
ili (
C
a
p
s
i
cu
m
fr
u
tescen
s
)
:
… (
E
fr
a
n
s
C
h
r
is
tia
n
)
2215
T
ab
le
3
.
Ad
a
p
tiv
e
p
lan
tin
g
ti
m
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
p
e
r
d
is
tr
ict
(
T
o
p
-
3
p
lan
tin
g
m
o
n
t
h
s
)
S
u
b
-
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
To
p
-
1
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
m
o
n
t
h
To
p
-
2
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
m
o
n
t
h
To
p
-
3
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
g
m
o
n
t
h
B
a
n
a
m
a
T
i
n
g
a
n
g
1
10
11
Jab
i
r
e
n
R
a
y
a
11
2
1
K
a
h
a
y
a
n
H
i
l
i
r
1
4
5
K
a
h
a
y
a
n
K
u
a
l
a
1
11
12
K
a
h
a
y
a
n
Te
n
g
a
h
11
1
2
M
a
l
i
k
u
1
2
11
P
a
n
d
i
h
B
a
t
u
1
11
12
S
e
b
a
n
g
a
u
K
u
a
l
a
1
6
12
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
ca
len
d
ar
an
d
th
e
h
u
m
an
-
lik
e
ca
len
d
a
r
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
s
h
o
ws
m
in
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
(
1
to
2
m
o
n
th
s
)
in
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
al
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
h
ase.
T
h
is
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
r
ef
lect
s
th
e
lo
ca
l
wis
d
o
m
o
f
f
ar
m
er
s
in
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
ac
tu
al
clim
ate
d
y
n
am
ics,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
th
is
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
el
is
in
lin
e
with
em
p
ir
ical
p
lan
tin
g
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
u
lti
-
cr
o
p
p
in
g
s
ch
e
d
u
le
v
i
s
u
aliza
tio
n
(
Fig
u
r
es
4
to
6
)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
m
o
s
t
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
ca
n
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t two
cr
o
p
p
in
g
cy
cles p
er
y
ea
r
,
with
a
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
in
ter
v
al
o
f
±
9
0
d
a
y
s
b
etwe
en
cy
cles.
T
h
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
th
e
b
lu
e
c
o
l
o
r
in
th
e
Gan
tt
ch
ar
t
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
h
ig
h
est
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
co
r
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
d
el
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
X
-
ax
is
: M
o
n
th
; Y
-
ax
is
: Su
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
p
lan
tin
g
tim
e
ca
len
d
ar
an
d
th
e
h
u
m
an
-
lik
e
v
er
s
io
n
(
lead
3
)
X
-
ax
is
: M
o
n
th
-
Yea
r
; Y
-
ax
is
:
Su
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Mu
lti
-
c
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
ca
le
n
d
ar
ac
r
o
s
s
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
(
p
lan
tin
g
–
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
h
ea
tm
a
p
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
2
1
0
-
2219
2216
X
-
ax
is
: M
o
n
th
-
Yea
r
; Y
-
ax
is
:
Su
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
b
i
n
ed
m
u
lti
-
p
la
n
tin
g
s
ch
ed
u
le
i
n
Gan
tt f
o
r
m
at
(
p
lan
tin
g
→
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
)
3.
5
.
B
a
s
eline
co
m
pa
riso
n
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
aselin
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
,
tr
ad
itio
n
al
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
m
o
d
els
s
u
ch
as
SAR
I
MA
ar
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
i
n
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
s
ea
s
o
n
al
clim
ate
p
at
ter
n
s
b
u
t
a
r
e
lim
ited
in
m
o
d
elin
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
v
ar
iab
les,
as
also
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
s
im
p
le
p
e
r
s
is
ten
ce
b
aselin
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
o
n
t
h
’
s
y
ield
was
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
,
r
ef
lectin
g
a
n
aiv
e
a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
tem
p
o
r
al
co
n
tin
u
ity
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
s
u
c
h
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
d
o
n
o
t
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
o
il
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
r
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
clim
ate
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SAR
I
MA
–
SVM
–
XGBo
o
s
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
b
y
in
te
g
r
atin
g
tem
p
o
r
al
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
s
p
atial
class
if
icatio
n
,
an
d
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
p
lan
tin
g
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
3.
6
.
B
a
s
eline
co
m
pa
riso
n
Ov
er
all,
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
SAR
I
MA
–
SVM
–
XGBo
o
s
t,
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
th
e
L
OGO
v
alid
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
B
A
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
tu
n
in
g
,
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
t,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t,
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
o
n
p
lan
tin
g
tim
es
at
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
lev
el.
T
h
e
SAR
I
MA
m
o
d
el
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
lly
ca
p
tu
r
ed
s
ea
s
o
n
al
clim
ate
p
atter
n
s
,
SVM
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
tab
le
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
esti
m
ates,
an
d
XGBo
o
s
t
was
ab
le
to
ex
p
lain
u
p
to
6
9
.
6
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
c
r
o
p
y
ield
s
(
R
²=
0
.
6
9
6
)
in
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
ter
m
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
d
ata
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
b
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
to
o
ls
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
ad
ap
tiv
e
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
ar
e
also
i
n
lin
e
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
tr
en
d
s
t
h
at
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
s
tatis
tical
m
o
d
els
an
d
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
in
a
g
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
ea
r
ly
war
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
5
]
–
[
2
7
]
.
B
y
ad
d
in
g
a
h
u
m
a
n
-
lik
e
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
lay
er
an
d
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
-
b
ased
lan
d
weig
h
tin
g
,
th
is
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
a
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
an
d
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
f
ar
m
e
r
s
to
ad
o
p
t.
T
h
is
o
p
en
s
u
p
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
it to
b
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
t
o
a
s
p
atial
-
b
ased
Dec
i
s
io
n
Su
p
p
o
r
t Sy
s
tem
(
DSS)
m
o
d
u
le
at
th
e
d
is
tr
ict
lev
el,
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
d
ap
tiv
e
ch
il
i
p
lan
tin
g
p
lan
n
in
g
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
clim
ate
ch
an
g
e.
Desp
ite
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
esu
lts
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
ev
er
al
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ag
g
r
eg
ate
d
m
o
n
th
ly
d
ata
m
ay
o
b
s
cu
r
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
,
an
d
th
e
r
elian
ce
o
n
g
lo
b
al
s
o
il
d
atasets
m
ay
n
o
t
ca
p
tu
r
e
f
in
e
-
s
ca
le
lan
d
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
at
lo
n
g
er
h
o
r
iz
o
n
s
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
clim
ate
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
u
ld
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
h
ig
h
er
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
d
ata,
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es,
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
-
awa
r
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
in
teg
r
atin
g
SAR
I
MA
,
SVM,
an
d
XGBo
o
s
t
with
in
a
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
r
eliab
le
b
asis
f
o
r
ad
ap
tiv
e
ch
ili
p
lan
ti
n
g
-
tim
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
at
th
e
d
is
tr
ict
lev
el.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
L
OGO
-
b
ased
s
p
atial
v
alid
atio
n
an
d
BA
–
d
r
iv
en
th
r
esh
o
l
d
in
g
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
esti
m
at
es
th
at
ar
e
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
an
d
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
g
e
o
s
p
atial
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
a
k
ey
lim
itatio
n
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
an
d
o
m
v
ali
d
atio
n
s
ch
em
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
ic
ate
th
at
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
clim
ate
d
y
n
am
ics
a
n
d
r
ec
en
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
t
r
en
d
s
ar
e
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
d
r
iv
er
s
o
f
p
lan
tin
g
-
win
d
o
w
s
u
itab
ilit
y
,
wh
ile
lan
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
to
ag
r
o
n
o
m
ica
lly
f
ea
s
ib
le
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
a
h
u
ma
n
-
lik
e
a
d
ju
s
tmen
t
en
h
an
ce
s
in
ter
p
r
e
tab
ilit
y
an
d
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
m
o
d
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
r
em
ain
alig
n
ed
with
lo
ca
l
f
ar
m
in
g
p
r
ac
tices,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
eir
p
o
te
n
tial f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
u
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
r
o
m
clima
te
time
s
erie
s
to
p
la
n
tin
g
w
in
d
o
w
s
in
ch
ili (
C
a
p
s
i
cu
m
fr
u
tescen
s
)
:
… (
E
fr
a
n
s
C
h
r
is
tia
n
)
2217
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
s
u
b
ject
to
lim
itatio
n
s
r
elate
d
t
o
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
at
th
e
d
is
tr
ict
–
m
o
n
th
lev
el,
s
en
s
itiv
ity
to
clim
ate
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
f
o
r
l
o
n
g
er
p
r
ed
icti
o
n
h
o
r
iz
o
n
s
,
an
d
r
elian
ce
o
n
g
lo
b
al
s
o
il
d
atasets
th
at
m
ay
n
o
t
ca
p
tu
r
e
f
in
e
-
s
ca
le
lan
d
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
d
ec
is
io
n
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
g
u
id
a
n
ce
r
ath
e
r
th
a
n
d
ef
i
n
i
tiv
e
p
r
escr
ip
tio
n
s
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
wo
r
k
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
ex
ten
d
in
g
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
o
th
er
cr
o
p
s
an
d
r
eg
i
o
n
s
,
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
d
d
itio
n
al
ag
r
o
-
p
h
e
n
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
r
em
o
te
-
s
en
s
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
h
an
d
lin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
lti
-
s
ca
le
s
p
atial
v
ali
d
atio
n
.
E
m
b
e
d
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
in
to
an
o
p
er
atio
n
al
Dec
is
io
n
Su
p
p
o
r
t
Sy
s
tem
(
DSS)
wo
u
ld
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
clim
ate
-
ad
ap
tiv
e
ag
r
ic
u
ltu
r
al
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
b
r
o
a
d
er
a
d
o
p
tio
n
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
f
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
a
g
r
an
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Scien
ce
,
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
N
u
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