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AI
d
esig
n
,
p
o
licy
,
a
n
d
eth
ics.
T
h
e
a
r
ticle
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
im
p
ly
r
estate
h
is
to
r
ical
-
cu
ltu
r
al
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
;
it
t
r
an
s
lates
th
at
tr
ad
itio
n
in
to
p
r
a
ctica
l
p
r
in
cip
les
f
o
r
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
cu
l
tu
r
al
co
n
tex
tu
aliza
tio
n
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
co
n
s
cio
u
s
r
ef
lecti
o
n
in
AI
-
m
ed
iated
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
b
r
id
g
e
b
etwe
en
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ical
-
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
an
d
co
n
cr
ete
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
A
I
i
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
m
atter
s
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tice,
p
o
licy
,
a
n
d
AI
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
d
is
tin
ct
b
u
t
r
elate
d
way
s
.
Fo
r
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tice,
i
t
clar
if
ies
wh
y
g
u
id
ed
m
ed
iat
io
n
r
em
ain
s
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
e
v
en
wh
en
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
im
m
ed
iate
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
r
a
d
ap
tiv
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
Fo
r
p
o
licy
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
,
it
ar
g
u
es
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
AI
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ev
al
u
ated
n
o
t
o
n
ly
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
ca
le
b
u
t
also
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
wh
eth
er
it p
r
o
tects tea
ch
er
ag
en
cy
,
lear
n
er
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
,
c
u
ltu
r
al
r
elev
an
ce
,
an
d
et
h
ical
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
ar
ticle
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
ai
m
s
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
Galp
er
i
n
’
s
ep
i
s
tem
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
th
o
u
g
h
t,
an
d
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
r
e
v
iew
o
r
g
an
ized
ar
o
u
n
d
f
iv
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
T
h
ese
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ar
e
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
o
u
g
h
t,
th
e
zo
n
e
o
f
p
r
o
x
im
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
as
o
r
ien
ted
m
ed
iatio
n
,
th
e
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
r
o
le
o
f
AI
,
th
e
ep
is
tem
ic
-
eth
ical
ch
allen
g
es
r
aised
b
y
au
to
m
atio
n
,
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
in
cip
les
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
g
u
id
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
an
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
B
y
f
o
r
eg
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
g
u
id
e
d
,
co
n
s
cio
u
s
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
ally
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
m
ed
i
atio
n
,
th
e
p
ap
er
s
itu
ates
its
el
f
with
in
cu
r
r
en
t
d
eb
ates
o
n
AI
’
s
r
o
le
in
h
u
m
an
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t a
n
d
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
ter
ed
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
c
o
n
tem
p
o
r
a
r
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ts
a
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
ev
iew
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
is
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
r
ath
er
th
an
em
p
ir
ical,
b
u
t it
f
o
llo
ws an
ex
p
licit selectio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
s
t
r
ateg
y
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
h
e
r
en
ce
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
,
an
d
r
ele
v
an
ce
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
b
ase
was
ass
em
b
led
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
alr
ea
d
y
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
an
d
p
r
io
r
itized
f
iv
e
clu
s
ter
s
o
f
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
:
Galp
er
in
an
d
h
is
to
r
ical
-
cu
ltu
r
al
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
zo
n
e
o
f
p
r
o
x
im
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
ac
tiv
ity
th
eo
r
y
,
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
eth
ics
an
d
d
ataf
icatio
n
,
an
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
h
i
g
h
er
a
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
i
v
ileg
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
s
th
at
m
et
at
least
o
n
e
o
f
th
r
ee
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
First,
class
ica
l
wo
r
k
s
wer
e
r
etain
e
d
wh
en
th
e
y
wer
e
in
d
is
p
e
n
s
ab
le
f
o
r
d
ef
i
n
in
g
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
ar
g
u
m
en
t,
as
in
th
e
ca
s
es
o
f
[
8
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
S
ec
o
n
d
,
r
ec
en
t
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
r
ev
iews
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
m
ain
ly
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
o
n
war
d
wer
e
p
r
io
r
itized
wh
en
th
ey
clar
if
ied
c
o
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
d
eb
ates
o
n
AI
,
m
e
d
iatio
n
,
s
ca
f
f
o
ld
in
g
,
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
eth
ics,
an
d
p
o
l
icy
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
4
]
,
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
ir
d
,
r
e
g
io
n
ally
r
elev
a
n
t
wo
r
k
s
wer
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
wh
en
th
ey
h
elp
ed
s
itu
ate
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
in
L
atin
Am
er
i
ca
n
an
d
I
b
er
o
-
Am
er
ican
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
esp
ec
ially
ar
o
u
n
d
in
clu
s
io
n
,
te
ac
h
er
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
.
E
ac
h
s
o
u
r
ce
was
r
ea
d
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
its
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
ce
p
t,
its
v
iew
o
f
m
ed
iatio
n
,
its
im
p
lied
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
lear
n
er
,
an
d
its
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
,
teac
h
er
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
et
h
ical
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
s
y
n
th
esis
id
en
tifie
d
co
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
ce
s
,
ten
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
o
m
is
s
io
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
tr
ad
itio
n
s
,
al
lo
win
g
th
e
p
ap
er
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
in
cip
les
f
o
r
AI
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
a
Galp
er
in
ian
s
tan
d
p
o
in
t.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
is
is
a
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ical
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
r
ev
iew,
it
h
as
lim
it
atio
n
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
ex
p
licitly
.
T
h
e
ar
ticle
d
o
es
n
o
t
test
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
es
with
o
r
ig
in
al
d
ata,
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ep
o
r
t
a
f
o
r
m
al
s
y
s
tem
atic
-
r
ev
iew
p
r
o
to
co
l,
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
u
tco
m
es
ac
r
o
s
s
clas
s
r
o
o
m
s
o
r
p
l
atf
o
r
m
s
.
I
ts
v
alu
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
lies
in
th
eo
r
etica
l
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
cr
itical
clar
if
icatio
n
,
n
o
t
in
ca
u
s
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
,
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies s
h
o
u
ld
ex
a
m
in
e
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
in
cip
l
es o
p
er
ate
in
co
n
cr
ete
in
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
G
a
lperia
n e
pis
t
em
o
lo
g
y
a
nd
t
he
co
ns
t
ruct
io
n o
f
hu
m
a
n t
ho
ug
ht
Galp
er
in
’
s
ep
is
tem
o
lo
g
y
b
elo
n
g
s
to
th
e
h
is
to
r
ical
-
cu
ltu
r
al
tr
ad
itio
n
th
at
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
s
h
ig
h
er
m
en
tal
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
s
o
cially
an
d
s
y
m
b
o
lically
m
ed
iated
r
ath
er
th
an
b
io
l
o
g
ically
p
r
e
-
g
iv
e
n
.
I
n
th
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
,
th
o
u
g
h
t e
m
e
r
g
es th
r
o
u
g
h
o
r
g
a
n
ized
ac
tiv
ity
,
cu
ltu
r
al
to
o
ls
,
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
g
u
id
a
n
ce
,
an
d
it b
ec
o
m
es in
ter
n
al
o
n
ly
a
f
ter
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
ter
n
al
an
d
v
e
r
b
alize
d
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
ac
tio
n
[
5
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
g
en
u
in
e
lear
n
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
th
an
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
;
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
d
elib
er
ate
o
r
ien
tatio
n
th
at
h
elp
s
th
e
lear
n
er
g
r
asp
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
a
n
d
cr
iter
ia
o
f
th
e
ac
tio
n
b
ein
g
f
o
r
m
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Ga
lp
eria
n
ep
is
temo
lo
g
y,
h
u
m
a
n
th
o
u
g
h
t,
a
n
d
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
…
(
Qu
eru
b
ín
P
a
tr
ic
io
F
lo
r
es N
ú
ñ
ez
)
3417
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
s
e
q
u
en
ce
o
f
th
is
v
iew
is
th
at
teac
h
in
g
is
n
o
t
th
e
tr
an
s
f
e
r
o
f
r
ea
d
y
-
m
ad
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
u
t
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
n
s
cio
u
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
ac
tio
n
.
Galp
er
i
n
’
s
s
tag
es,
to
g
eth
er
with
r
elate
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
b
y
T
aly
zin
a
,
Dav
id
o
v
,
an
d
c
o
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
in
ter
p
r
eter
s
,
s
h
o
w
th
at
m
en
tal
au
to
n
o
m
y
is
b
u
ilt
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
eq
u
en
ce
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
n
o
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
im
p
r
o
v
is
atio
n
[
23
]
–
[
26
]
.
T
h
is
lin
e
o
f
th
in
k
in
g
c
o
n
v
er
g
es
with
b
r
o
a
d
er
cu
ltu
r
al
an
d
ac
tiv
ity
-
b
ase
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
at
d
escr
ib
e
co
g
n
itio
n
as
s
itu
ated
,
to
o
l
-
m
ed
iated
,
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
ted
to
war
d
s
o
cially
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l o
b
je
cts [
27
]
,
[
28
].
Seen
f
r
o
m
th
is
an
g
le
,
Galp
er
i
n
o
f
f
er
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
alter
n
ativ
e
t
o
b
o
th
s
im
p
lis
tic
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
o
p
tim
is
m
an
d
p
u
r
el
y
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
m
o
d
el
s
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
AI
m
ay
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
o
m
p
ts
,
class
if
icatio
n
s
,
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
p
ath
way
s
,
b
u
t
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
ese
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
au
to
m
atica
lly
p
r
o
d
u
ce
co
n
s
cio
u
s
co
n
ce
p
t
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ec
is
iv
e
q
u
esti
o
n
is
wh
eth
er
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
ar
ticip
ates
in
an
o
r
ie
n
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
h
elp
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
wh
at
th
ey
ar
e
d
o
in
g
,
w
h
y
th
e
y
ar
e
d
o
in
g
it,
a
n
d
h
o
w
t
h
ey
ca
n
tr
an
s
f
er
t
h
e
a
ctio
n
to
n
ew
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
T
he
zo
ne
o
f
pro
x
ima
l dev
elo
pm
ent
,
o
rient
ed
m
edia
t
io
n,
a
nd
t
ea
cher
a
ct
io
n
T
h
e
zo
n
e
o
f
p
r
o
x
im
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
th
e
id
ea
o
f
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
ass
is
tan
ce
,
y
et
a
Galp
er
in
ian
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
m
a
k
es
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e.
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
is
n
o
t
s
im
p
ly
th
at
th
e
lear
n
er
r
ec
eiv
es
h
elp
,
b
u
t
th
at
th
e
h
elp
is
o
r
g
an
ized
,
g
en
er
ali
za
b
le,
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
in
ter
n
alize
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
o
r
ien
tin
g
b
asis
o
f
ac
tio
n
[
5
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
29
]
.
T
h
e
zo
n
e
t
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
b
ec
o
m
es
a
s
p
ac
e
wh
er
e
teac
h
in
g
q
u
ality
ca
n
b
e
ev
alu
ated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
clar
ity
,
co
m
p
leten
ess
,
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
g
u
id
an
c
e
o
f
f
er
ed
.
T
h
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
h
as
d
i
r
ec
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
teac
h
e
r
ac
tio
n
.
A
teac
h
er
wo
r
k
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
a
G
alp
er
in
ian
s
tan
d
p
o
in
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
er
ely
d
e
tect
er
r
o
r
s
af
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
;
t
h
e
teac
h
er
d
esig
n
s
o
r
ien
tatio
n
in
ad
v
an
ce
,
m
a
k
es
cr
iter
ia
v
is
ib
le,
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
ed
v
er
b
aliza
tio
n
,
a
n
d
g
r
ad
u
ally
tr
an
s
f
er
s
r
eg
u
latio
n
to
th
e
lear
n
er
[
2
1
]
,
[
24
]
,
[
25
]
.
I
n
s
ch
o
o
l,
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
,
a
n
d
in
cl
u
s
iv
e
s
ettin
g
s
alik
e,
t
h
is
lo
g
ic
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
lear
n
in
g
b
ec
au
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
u
ild
th
eir
o
wn
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l in
s
tead
o
f
r
ely
in
g
o
n
m
o
m
en
tar
y
ass
is
tan
ce
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
h
ei
g
h
ten
e
d
b
y
AI
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
th
at
ar
e
o
f
ten
d
escr
ib
ed
as
s
ca
f
f
o
ld
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
o
s
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
i
n
d
ee
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
x
im
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
if
th
ey
d
o
m
o
r
e
th
an
a
u
to
m
ate
h
in
ts
o
r
s
eq
u
en
ce
task
s
.
T
h
e
y
m
u
s
t
m
ak
e
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t,
allo
w
d
ialo
g
ic
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
r
esp
ec
t
c
u
ltu
r
al
an
d
lin
g
u
is
tic
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
ce
s
,
an
d
r
e
m
ain
em
b
ed
d
e
d
with
in
a
b
r
o
ad
er
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
r
elatio
n
in
wh
ich
teac
h
er
s
in
ter
p
r
et,
r
e
d
ir
ec
t,
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
ize
m
ed
iatio
n
.
3
.
3
.
Art
if
ici
a
l int
ellig
ence
a
s
m
edia
t
ed
s
up
po
rt
ra
t
her
t
ha
n c
o
g
nitiv
e
re
pla
ce
m
ent
R
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
in
tel
lig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
,
m
etac
o
g
n
iti
o
n
,
an
d
a
d
ap
tiv
e
p
ac
in
g
wh
en
u
s
ed
with
in
s
tr
o
n
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
s
[
1
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
30
]
,
[
31
]
.
Fr
o
m
a
Galp
er
in
ia
n
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
ese
p
o
ten
tial
s
ar
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
o
r
ien
tin
g
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
ac
tio
n
,
h
elp
m
ak
e
cr
iter
i
a
ex
p
licit,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
iter
ativ
e
r
ef
lectio
n
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
s
u
ch
b
e
n
ef
its
ap
p
ea
r
o
n
ly
wh
e
n
AI
i
s
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
ated
t
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
in
s
tead
o
f
b
ein
g
tr
ea
ted
as a
n
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
teac
h
in
g
ag
en
t.
T
h
is
d
is
tin
ctio
n
is
cr
u
cial
b
e
ca
u
s
e
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
o
p
er
ate
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
task
co
m
p
letio
n
r
ath
er
th
an
c
o
n
ce
p
t f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
A
s
y
s
tem
m
ay
g
en
er
ate
a
r
es
p
o
n
s
e,
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
a
r
ea
d
in
g
,
o
r
s
u
g
g
est
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
ath
,
y
et
th
e
lear
n
er
m
a
y
r
e
m
ain
p
ass
iv
e,
o
p
aq
u
e
to
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
,
an
d
u
n
ab
le
to
g
en
er
alize
th
e
ac
tio
n
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
.
W
h
en
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
m
ed
ia
tio
n
ac
ce
ler
ates p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
u
t w
ea
k
en
s
th
e
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
in
ter
n
aliza
tio
n
,
v
er
b
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
an
d
r
ef
lectiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
th
at
Galp
e
r
in
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ce
n
tr
al
to
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
t
h
o
u
g
h
t.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
th
er
ef
o
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
a
q
u
alif
ied
v
iew
o
f
A
I
as
a
m
ed
iatin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
.
AI
ca
n
b
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ally
v
alu
ab
le
wh
e
n
it
ex
p
an
d
s
d
ialo
g
u
e,
r
en
d
e
r
s
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
o
r
e
ac
tio
n
a
b
le,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
u
ltip
le
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
e
n
ab
les
lear
n
er
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
eir
o
w
n
th
in
k
in
g
[
32
]
–
[
34
]
.
I
t
b
ec
o
m
es
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
wh
en
it
r
e
p
lace
s
ex
p
lan
atio
n
with
p
r
ed
ictio
n
,
s
u
b
s
titu
tes
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
o
r
tu
r
n
s
th
e
lear
n
er
in
t
o
a
co
n
s
u
m
er
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
in
s
tead
o
f
a
n
ac
tiv
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
co
n
s
cio
u
s
ac
tio
n
.
3
.
4
.
E
du
ca
t
io
na
l pra
ct
ice,
p
o
licy
,
a
nd
et
hica
l c
ha
lleng
es
T
h
e
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ical
in
s
ig
h
ts
h
av
e
co
n
c
r
ete
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tice.
I
n
class
r
o
o
m
s
an
d
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
co
u
r
s
es,
AI
r
aises
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
teg
r
ity
,
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
q
u
ality
,
atten
tio
n
,
a
n
d
d
ep
en
d
e
n
cy
.
T
h
ese
ar
e
n
o
t
m
er
ely
tech
n
ical
c
h
allen
g
es,
b
e
ca
u
s
e
th
ey
co
n
ce
r
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
ju
d
g
m
en
t
,
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
wo
r
k
,
an
d
th
e
e
x
ten
t
to
wh
ich
le
ar
n
er
s
ar
e
s
till
b
ein
g
in
v
ited
t
o
th
in
k
r
ath
e
r
th
an
m
er
ely
to
o
p
tim
ize
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
35
]
,
[
36
].
At
th
e
p
o
licy
lev
el,
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
d
ataf
icatio
n
a
n
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
ic
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
f
u
r
th
er
ten
s
io
n
s
.
I
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
ad
o
p
t
AI
p
r
im
a
r
ily
to
cl
ass
if
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
lear
n
in
g
p
at
h
way
s
,
o
r
in
ten
s
if
y
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
th
e
y
m
ay
wea
k
en
teac
h
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r
p
r
o
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ess
io
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alis
m
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
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ce
s
o
cial
in
eq
u
ities
u
n
d
er
th
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
n
eu
tr
ality
[
1
7
]
,
[
37
]
–
[
39
]
.
A
Galp
er
in
ia
n
r
ea
d
in
g
is
esp
ec
ially
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
h
er
e
b
ec
au
s
e
it
r
em
in
d
s
p
o
licy
m
a
k
er
s
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ed
iatio
n
is
n
o
t
i
n
ter
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
with
au
to
m
ated
d
ec
is
io
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-
m
ak
in
g
a
n
d
th
at
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es c
an
n
o
t b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
tr
ac
ea
b
le
o
u
tp
u
ts
alo
n
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
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c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
4
1
5
-
3
4
2
1
3418
E
th
ically
,
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
is
s
u
e
is
wh
eth
er
AI
p
r
o
tects
o
r
er
o
d
es
h
u
m
an
d
ig
n
ity
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
C
r
itical
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
war
n
ed
th
at
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
a
r
ch
itectu
r
es,
e
p
i
s
tem
ic
co
lo
n
ialis
m
,
b
ias
in
d
atasets
,
an
d
th
e
n
ar
r
o
win
g
o
f
d
ialo
g
ic
s
p
ac
e
m
ay
u
n
d
e
r
m
in
e
cu
ltu
r
al
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
m
o
r
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
[
2
2
]
,
[
40
]
–
[
43
]
.
Fo
r
th
at
r
ea
s
o
n
,
an
y
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
u
s
e
o
f
AI
m
u
s
t
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
teac
h
er
as
a
co
n
s
cio
u
s
m
ed
iato
r
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
as
a
cu
ltu
r
ally
s
itu
ated
s
u
b
ject,
an
d
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
as
a
p
u
b
lic
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
r
ef
lectio
n
,
n
o
t
m
e
r
ely
f
o
r
au
to
m
ated
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
a
n
a
g
em
en
t.
3
.
5
.
P
r
a
ct
ica
l principles
f
o
r
des
ig
nin
g
a
nd
re
g
ula
t
ing
AI
in educa
t
io
n
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
allo
ws
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
atio
n
o
f
s
ev
er
al
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
in
cip
les
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
b
le
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
AI
-
g
en
er
ate
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
,
wh
at
cr
iter
ia
ar
e
b
ein
g
ap
p
lied
,
an
d
wh
er
e
t
h
e
lim
its
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
lie.
W
ith
o
u
t
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
m
ed
iatio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
o
p
aq
u
e
a
n
d
lear
n
er
s
ca
n
n
o
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ex
ter
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
to
co
n
s
cio
u
s
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
ab
le
in
tellectu
al
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
r
in
cip
le
is
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
tex
tu
aliza
tio
n
.
AI
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
al
ig
n
ed
with
th
e
lin
g
u
is
tic,
h
is
to
r
ical,
eth
ic
al,
an
d
cu
r
r
ic
u
lar
r
ea
liti
es
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
th
ey
s
er
v
e,
r
a
th
er
th
an
im
p
o
s
in
g
u
n
if
o
r
m
ep
is
tem
ic
m
o
d
els
th
at
ig
n
o
r
e
lo
ca
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
d
iv
er
s
ity
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
in
cip
le
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
av
o
id
in
g
d
ec
o
n
t
ex
tu
alize
d
au
to
m
atio
n
an
d
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
m
ed
iatio
n
r
em
ain
s
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
with
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
o
cial
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
r
in
cip
le
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
cio
u
s
r
e
f
lectio
n
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
AI
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
v
o
k
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
,
c
o
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
,
ju
s
tific
atio
n
,
r
ev
is
io
n
,
an
d
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
in
s
tead
o
f
s
im
p
ly
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
f
ast
an
s
wer
s
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
t
h
is
m
ea
n
s
f
av
o
r
in
g
p
r
o
m
p
ts
,
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
r
u
b
r
ics,
d
ialo
g
ic
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
r
ef
lectiv
e
lo
g
s
,
an
d
teac
h
er
-
g
u
i
d
ed
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
th
at
h
elp
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
v
er
b
alize
th
ei
r
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ally
in
t
er
n
alize
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
ju
d
g
m
en
t.
A
f
o
u
r
th
p
r
in
cip
le
co
n
ce
r
n
s
s
h
ar
ed
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
an
d
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
e
v
alu
ate
AI
n
o
t
o
n
ly
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
s
t a
n
d
ef
f
ici
en
cy
b
u
t a
ls
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
b
ias r
ev
iew,
teac
h
er
o
v
e
r
s
ig
h
t,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
r
ig
h
ts
[
2
]
,
[
37
]
,
[
38
]
,
[
44
]
.
T
h
is
p
o
licy
o
r
ien
tatio
n
k
ee
p
s
th
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
ev
en
ts
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
f
r
o
m
b
ec
o
m
in
g
d
etac
h
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
eth
ical
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
o
f
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
an
d
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
ak
en
to
g
eth
e
r
,
th
ese
p
r
in
ci
p
les tr
an
s
late
a
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ical
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
in
to
a
n
ac
tio
n
ab
le
a
g
e
n
d
a.
T
h
e
y
co
n
n
ec
t
Galp
er
i
n
’
s
em
p
h
asis
o
n
o
r
ien
tatio
n
with
cu
r
r
en
t
d
em
an
d
s
f
o
r
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
,
h
u
m
an
-
ce
n
te
r
ed
,
a
n
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
d
ef
en
s
ib
le
AI
.
T
h
ey
also
o
f
f
er
a
b
asis
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
em
p
ir
ical
wo
r
k
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
test
in
g
h
o
w
g
u
id
ed
,
co
n
s
cio
u
s
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
ally
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
m
e
d
iatio
n
ca
n
b
e
e
n
ac
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
r
ea
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
i
s
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
ca
l
r
e
v
i
e
w
h
a
s
a
r
g
u
e
d
t
h
a
t
G
a
l
p
e
r
i
n
’
s
e
p
is
t
e
m
o
l
o
g
y
r
e
m
a
i
n
s
h
i
g
h
l
y
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
f
o
r
i
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
m
ea
n
i
n
g
o
f
AI
.
B
y
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
s
t
a
g
e
d
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
e
n
t
al
ac
t
i
o
n
s
,
t
h
e
o
r
ie
n
t
i
n
g
b
a
s
is
o
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
m
e
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
c
a
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
d
b
y
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
I
m
a
y
p
a
r
t
i
ci
p
a
t
e
i
n
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
,
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
w
h
e
n
i
t
is
s
u
b
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
t
o
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
v
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
a
n
d
i
n
te
g
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
et
h
i
c
a
ll
y
g
u
i
d
e
d
,
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
l
y
s
i
t
u
at
e
d
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
al
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
.
T
h
e
ar
ticle’
s
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
is
to
m
o
v
e
f
r
o
m
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
d
iag
n
o
s
is
to
p
r
ac
tical
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
I
t
id
en
tifie
s
th
e
n
o
v
elt
y
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
c
o
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
AI
d
eb
ates
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
Galp
er
i
n
ian
len
s
a
n
d
u
s
es
th
at
len
s
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
,
cu
ltu
r
al
c
o
n
tex
tu
aliza
tio
n
,
co
n
s
cio
u
s
r
e
f
lectio
n
,
an
d
s
h
ar
e
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
.
T
h
ese
p
r
in
ci
p
les
co
n
n
ec
t
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
ical
i
n
s
ig
h
t
with
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tice,
p
o
l
icy
d
esig
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies o
f
AI
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
wo
r
k
in
g
i
n
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
p
ap
er
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
its
o
wn
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
lim
its
.
I
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
f
f
er
em
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
s
ch
o
o
l
lev
els,
o
r
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es,
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ea
d
as
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
cr
itical
in
ter
p
r
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[
1
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Y
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F
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.
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I
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En
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A
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[
25
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[
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[
27
]
Y
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En
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L
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[
28
]
A
.
K
o
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l
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,
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.
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V
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[
29
]
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.
La
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[
30
]
W
.
H
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e
s,
M
.
B
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a
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k
,
a
n
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C
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Ar
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2
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[
31
]
R
.
L
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,
AI
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.
[
32
]
A
.
M
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y
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,
D
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H
.
R
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[
33
]
S
.
E.
H
y
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t
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M
.
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.
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[
34
]
T.
To
k
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ma
-
Es
p
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n
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sa
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T
h
e
n
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w
Y
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k
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N
Y
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2
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0
.
[
35
]
S
.
A
.
D
.
P
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p
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n
i
c
i
a
n
d
S
.
K
e
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p
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2
-
8.
[
36
]
N
.
S
e
l
w
y
n
,
S
h
o
u
l
d
r
o
b
o
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s r
e
p
l
a
c
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e
a
c
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rs?
AI
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t
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t
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U
.
K
.
:
P
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l
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t
y
P
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ss
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
37
]
L.
F
l
o
r
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d
i
a
n
d
J.
C
o
w
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s
,
“
A
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[
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[
40
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[
41
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C
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[
42
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S
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[
43
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[
44
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E.
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s
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.
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