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1
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[
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y
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an
d
r
ar
ely
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o
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p
with
th
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r
.
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ce
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with
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m
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tal
f
ee
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b
ac
k
o
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th
eir
tea
ch
in
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;
ea
r
ly
-
ca
r
ee
r
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
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av
e
n
o
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
to
co
r
r
ec
t
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
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p
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ac
tice;
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
s
tag
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atio
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p
e
r
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u
n
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allen
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;
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d
t
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ate
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u
ality
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ctio
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ir
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tly
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f
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tu
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c
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io
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ter
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t f
o
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Alth
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atin
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o
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in
f
o
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m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
teac
h
in
g
q
u
ality
.
Alh
ija
[
1
6
]
id
en
tifie
s
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
clu
s
ter
o
f
attr
ib
u
tes
:
clea
r
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o
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izatio
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esp
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ailab
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o
ciate
with
g
o
o
d
teac
h
in
g
.
C
atan
o
an
d
Har
v
ey
[
1
7
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
v
alid
ate
d
th
e
e
v
al
u
atio
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o
f
teac
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eliab
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Mim
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d
Ah
lb
er
g
[
1
8
]
u
s
ed
p
h
en
o
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ap
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ic
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is
to
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B
l
u
m
b
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r
g
[
1
9
]
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
c
r
it
ic
a
l
r
e
f
le
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t
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M
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ll
y
k
o
s
k
i
-
L
a
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n
e
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t
a
l
.
[
2
0
]
r
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p
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t
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h
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W
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-
M
e
ij
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r
[
2
1
]
,
f
o
c
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s
i
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m
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d
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a
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T
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alth
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to
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lib
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ated
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eso
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ter
ize
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ch
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io
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I
n
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d
th
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r
o
a
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er
Glo
b
al
So
u
th
.
Seco
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,
t
h
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cr
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f
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d
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ly
ev
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b
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p
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ily
f
r
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m
E
u
r
o
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d
No
r
th
Am
er
ican
d
ata;
its
ap
p
licab
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to
I
n
d
ian
in
s
titu
tio
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ea
liti
es,
wh
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ter
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-
ass
ess
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en
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m
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k
s
ar
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ed
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ate
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t
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ee
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am
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ed
.
T
h
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d
,
alth
o
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h
NE
P
2
0
2
0
m
an
d
ate
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p
ee
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ev
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f
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m
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o
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is
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lev
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m
p
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esear
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as
tr
an
s
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ated
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atio
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ir
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tiv
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in
to
im
p
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ta
b
le
r
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I
QAC
co
o
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to
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s
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th
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atio
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with
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atio
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em
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llo
w.
T
h
is
s
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y
f
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s
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o
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t
h
e
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d
s
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Ass
am
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with
No
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th
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ak
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im
p
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r
C
o
lleg
e
,
a
well
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estab
lis
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ed
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
L
ak
h
im
p
u
r
d
is
tr
ict
th
at
th
e
Go
v
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m
en
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f
Ass
am
u
p
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to
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th
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ak
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p
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r
U
n
iv
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ity
in
2
0
2
3
,
as
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
s
ite
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f
in
v
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,
co
m
p
lem
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b
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ata
g
ath
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e
d
f
r
o
m
o
th
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h
ig
h
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e
d
u
ca
tio
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al
in
s
titu
tio
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s
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
a
r
ts
o
f
th
e
s
tate.
I
n
itiated
at
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
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ite
in
2
0
0
9
an
d
co
n
tin
u
ed
th
r
o
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g
h
2
0
2
5
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
r
aws
o
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ev
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d
en
ce
ac
c
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m
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l
ated
o
v
er
m
o
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e
th
a
n
a
d
ec
ad
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an
d
a
h
alf
.
L
ak
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im
p
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r
s
h
ar
es
with
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ch
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n
d
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em
i
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u
r
b
a
n
Ass
am
a
s
et
o
f
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
m
ak
e
it
an
an
al
y
tically
r
ich
an
d
r
ep
licab
le
ca
s
e:
u
n
d
er
g
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ad
u
at
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co
lleg
es
d
r
awin
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s
tu
d
en
ts
lar
g
ely
f
r
o
m
f
i
r
s
t
-
g
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atio
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lear
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er
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
a
teac
h
in
g
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
h
is
to
r
ically
u
n
d
er
p
aid
an
d
o
f
te
n
w
o
r
k
in
g
f
o
r
ex
te
n
d
ed
p
er
io
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s
with
o
u
t
p
r
o
v
in
cialize
d
s
alar
ies
b
ef
o
r
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
,
an
d
a
p
u
b
lic
cu
ltu
r
e
in
wh
ich
th
e
s
o
cial
au
th
o
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ity
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
h
as
b
ee
n
v
is
ib
ly
e
r
o
d
in
g
.
T
h
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
a
r
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
ac
r
o
s
s
n
o
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
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d
ia
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d
r
ec
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r
i
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co
m
p
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r
ab
le
in
s
titu
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s
elsewh
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e
in
th
e
Glo
b
al
So
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th
,
s
o
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id
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ce
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n
d
r
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e
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ies
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en
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ated
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ar
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s
ca
lab
le
b
ey
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n
d
th
e
im
m
e
d
iate
s
ite.
Ag
ain
s
t
th
is
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
g
u
id
ed
b
y
th
r
ee
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
th
at
p
r
o
g
r
ess
f
r
o
m
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
iag
n
o
s
is
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
s
y
n
th
esis
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t q
u
esti
o
n
id
en
tifie
s
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
icien
cies in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
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alu
atio
n
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eg
im
e
as
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
ite.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
esti
o
n
tu
r
n
s
to
th
e
co
n
s
titu
tiv
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ex
p
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tatio
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s
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
r
in
g
t
o
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teac
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wh
ile
th
e
th
ir
d
ask
s
h
o
w
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
alize
d
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
s
tated
in
th
eir
f
in
al
f
o
r
m
:
−
W
h
at
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
e
f
icien
cie
s
ex
is
t
in
I
QAC
-
m
ed
iated
s
tu
d
en
t
ev
alu
atio
n
as
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
p
r
ac
ticed
i
n
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
co
lleg
es in
Ass
am
?
(
R
Q1
)
−
W
h
at
attr
ib
u
tes d
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
is
co
n
tex
t id
en
tify
as c
o
n
s
titu
tiv
e
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
co
lleg
e
teac
h
e
r
?
(
R
Q2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
8
4
0
-
2
8
5
1
2842
−
H
o
w
ca
n
teac
h
er
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
,
in
teg
r
ated
with
r
ef
o
r
m
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew,
b
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
alize
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
?
(
R
Q3
)
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
lies
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
r
ee
elem
en
ts
n
o
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
co
m
b
in
ed
in
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
r
eg
io
n
al
I
n
d
ia
n
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
First,
it
p
r
esen
ts
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ea
r
lies
t
s
y
s
tem
atic
em
p
ir
ical
ac
co
u
n
ts
o
f
I
QAC
-
m
ed
iated
teac
h
er
ev
alu
atio
n
in
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
ad
u
ate
co
lleg
es
in
As
s
am
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
a
r
eg
io
n
al
co
n
tex
t
th
at
h
as b
ee
n
lar
g
ely
ab
s
en
t f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
t
ea
ch
er
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Seco
n
d
,
a
n
d
eq
u
ally
im
p
o
r
tan
t,
it
ad
v
an
ce
s
a
f
iv
ef
o
l
d
,
s
tu
d
en
t
-
d
er
iv
ed
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
teac
h
in
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
i
n
th
e
Ass
am
ese
cu
ltu
r
al
s
ettin
g
r
ath
er
th
an
im
p
o
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
e
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
W
ester
n
r
atin
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
;
th
is
tax
o
n
o
m
y
is
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
em
p
ir
ical
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
its
o
wn
r
ig
h
t,
s
in
ce
it
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
cu
ltu
r
ally
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
m
o
s
t
n
o
tab
ly
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
p
u
b
lic
m
o
r
al
r
o
l
e
in
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
an
d
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
o
f
in
tel
lectu
al
life
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
s
y
llab
u
s
,
th
at
ar
e
r
o
u
ti
n
ely
m
is
s
ed
b
y
s
tan
d
a
r
d
ize
d
SET
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
th
r
ee
-
p
illar
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
r
ef
o
r
m
e
d
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
d
is
cip
lin
ed
teac
h
er
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
esig
n
:
a
r
ar
e,
in
teg
r
ated
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
esig
n
ca
lib
r
ate
d
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
c
e
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
,
s
em
i
-
u
r
b
an
h
ig
h
er
-
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
tex
ts
i
n
th
e
Glo
b
al
So
u
th
an
d
ex
p
licitly
tr
an
s
latin
g
NE
P
2
0
2
0
d
ir
ec
tiv
es
in
to
im
p
lem
en
t
ab
le
d
is
tr
ict
-
lev
el
p
r
ac
tice.
T
ak
en
to
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
m
o
v
e
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
teac
h
er
ev
alu
atio
n
in
I
n
d
ian
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
g
en
er
alize
d
cr
itiq
u
e
to
a
test
ed
,
r
ep
licab
le
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
a
cu
ltu
r
a
lly
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
em
p
ir
ical
tax
o
n
o
m
y
an
d
co
n
cr
ete
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h desi
g
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ts
a
q
u
alitativ
e
-
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
d
esig
n
wit
h
a
p
r
im
a
r
ily
a
n
aly
tical
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
A
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
n
u
an
ce
d
,
liv
e
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
th
eir
teac
h
er
s
,
r
ath
er
th
a
n
g
en
er
ate
s
tatis
tical
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
a
lar
g
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
was
r
etain
ed
to
e
n
ab
le
o
r
d
e
r
ly
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
in
to
an
aly
tically
u
s
ef
u
l
th
em
e
s
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
alig
n
s
with
r
ec
en
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
g
u
id
an
ce
in
th
e
f
ield
,
w
h
ich
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
f
av
o
r
s
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
teac
h
i
n
g
-
q
u
ality
r
esear
ch
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
e
well
-
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
p
u
r
el
y
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
atin
g
s
ca
les
[
2
1
]
.
A
L
ik
er
t
-
s
ca
le
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
w
as
d
elib
er
ately
r
ejec
ted
f
o
r
two
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
First,
p
r
e
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
L
ik
e
r
t
item
s
wo
u
ld
h
av
e
r
ep
licated
th
e
v
er
y
d
e
f
icien
cies
th
is
s
tu
d
y
cr
itiq
u
es
:
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
r
esp
o
n
s
e
v
ar
ian
ce
,
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
cu
ltu
r
ally
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
ce
p
ts
s
u
ch
as
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
s
o
cial
r
o
le,
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
f
latio
n
o
f
lik
ab
ilit
y
with
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
co
m
p
eten
ce
[
2
2
]
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
o
u
g
h
t
au
th
en
tic
ar
ticu
latio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
,
wh
ich
o
p
en
-
en
d
e
d
f
o
r
m
ats
ar
e
u
n
iq
u
ely
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
to
elicit.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
-
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
th
e
m
o
s
t su
itab
le
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
at
h
an
d
.
2
.
2
.
Site
a
nd
pa
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
p
r
in
ci
p
al
r
esear
ch
s
ite
wa
s
No
r
th
L
ak
h
im
p
u
r
C
o
lleg
e,
a
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
in
L
ak
h
im
p
u
r
d
is
tr
ict,
Ass
am
,
wh
ich
th
e
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
o
f
Ass
am
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
to
u
n
iv
er
s
i
ty
s
tatu
s
as
No
r
th
L
ak
h
im
p
u
r
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
in
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
in
itiated
at
th
is
in
s
titu
tio
n
in
2
0
0
9
an
d
co
n
tin
u
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
2
0
2
5
;
o
v
er
th
is
p
er
io
d
,
d
ata
wer
e
also
co
llected
f
r
o
m
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
th
er
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
c
atio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
lo
ca
ted
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
A
s
s
am
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
ev
id
en
ce
b
ase
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
a
s
in
g
le
ca
m
p
u
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
s
ite
was
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
r
ee
r
ea
s
o
n
s
:
it
is
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
d
is
tr
ict
-
lev
el
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
n
o
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
I
n
d
ia
in
its
s
tu
d
en
t
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ics
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
p
r
o
f
ile;
b
o
th
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
o
ld
teac
h
in
g
an
d
r
esear
c
h
p
o
s
itio
n
s
at
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
an
d
co
u
ld
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
s
en
t
an
d
class
r
o
o
m
ac
ce
s
s
;
an
d
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
h
as
a
f
u
lly
im
p
lem
en
ted
I
QAC,
m
ak
in
g
it
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
ite
f
o
r
ex
am
in
i
n
g
I
QAC
-
m
ed
iated
ev
alu
atio
n
in
p
r
ac
tice.
T
ak
en
to
g
et
h
er
,
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
s
ite
an
d
th
e
s
u
p
p
le
m
en
tar
y
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
estab
lis
h
an
an
aly
tically
r
ich
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ev
id
en
ce
b
ase
wh
o
s
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
r
ea
s
o
n
a
b
ly
tr
an
s
f
er
ab
le
to
c
o
m
p
ar
a
b
le
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
n
o
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
I
n
d
ia
an
d
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
Glo
b
al
S
o
u
th
.
Stu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
ar
ts
an
d
s
cie
n
ce
s
tr
ea
m
s
en
r
o
lled
in
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
-
y
ea
r
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
ac
r
o
s
s
f
ir
s
t
-
,
s
ec
o
n
d
-
,
an
d
th
ir
d
-
y
ea
r
co
h
o
r
ts
,
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
p
o
o
l,
d
r
awn
p
r
in
cip
ally
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ain
s
ite
an
d
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
t
h
er
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
Ass
am
.
Sam
p
li
n
g
was
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
r
ath
er
t
h
an
r
an
d
o
m
:
h
ea
d
s
o
f
d
e
p
ar
tm
en
ts
f
ac
ilit
ated
ac
c
ess
to
class
r
o
o
m
s
d
u
r
in
g
d
es
ig
n
ated
h
o
u
r
s
,
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
was v
o
lu
n
tar
y
.
A
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
two
h
u
n
d
r
e
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ed
f
o
r
wr
i
tten
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
an
d
f
r
o
m
th
ese,
a
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
ab
o
u
t
o
n
e
h
u
n
d
r
ed
an
d
eig
h
ty
f
u
lly
co
m
p
leted
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
s
was
r
e
tain
ed
f
o
r
th
e
m
atic
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
ch
o
s
en
to
allo
w
s
atu
r
atio
n
o
f
th
em
es
with
in
ea
c
h
s
tr
ea
m
wh
ile
r
em
ain
in
g
m
an
ag
ea
b
le
f
o
r
clo
s
e
q
u
alitativ
e
r
ea
d
in
g
;
th
e
r
etain
e
d
n
u
m
b
er
co
m
f
o
r
tab
ly
e
x
ce
ed
s
th
e
s
a
tu
r
atio
n
th
r
esh
o
ld
ty
p
ically
r
ep
o
r
ted
f
o
r
th
em
ati
c
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
.
All
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
wr
itin
g
th
at
th
eir
id
en
titi
es wo
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
a
n
d
th
at
s
u
b
m
is
s
i
o
n
s
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
s
o
lely
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
efra
min
g
tea
ch
er e
va
lu
a
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
er e
d
u
ca
tio
n
:
a
th
r
ee
-
p
illa
r
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fr
o
m
…
(
A
r
a
b
in
d
a
R
a
jk
h
o
w
a
)
2843
2
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
s
T
wo
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
wer
e
u
s
ed
in
co
m
b
in
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
was
an
o
p
en
-
en
d
ed
wr
itten
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
in
v
itin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
d
escr
ib
e,
i
n
th
eir
o
w
n
wo
r
d
s
:
i)
th
e
q
u
alities
ess
en
tial
to
a
g
o
o
d
teac
h
er
;
ii)
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
th
ey
h
ad
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
in
th
e
ir
teac
h
er
s
;
iii)
th
eir
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
with
th
e
f
o
r
m
al
teac
h
er
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
s
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
I
Q
AC
;
an
d
iv
)
t
h
eir
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
teac
h
in
g
th
ey
r
ec
eiv
ed
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
was
a
s
et
o
f
s
em
i
-
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iews
co
n
d
u
cte
d
with
a
s
m
aller
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
ad
s
u
b
m
itted
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
th
o
u
g
h
tf
u
l
wr
itten
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
u
s
ed
t
o
p
r
o
b
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
th
em
es
in
g
r
ea
ter
d
e
p
th
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
wr
itten
an
d
o
r
al
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
en
ab
led
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
s
with
in
t
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
p
ar
ad
i
g
m
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n pro
ce
du
re
W
r
itten
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
co
llected
in
class
r
o
o
m
s
ettin
g
s
d
u
r
in
g
r
eg
u
lar
co
lleg
e
h
o
u
r
s
,
with
p
r
io
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
,
o
v
e
r
an
ex
ten
d
ed
p
er
io
d
s
p
an
n
in
g
2
0
0
9
to
2
0
2
5
at
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
s
ite
an
d
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
wer
e
g
iv
en
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
n
in
ety
m
in
u
t
es
to
s
u
b
m
it
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
No
teac
h
e
r
o
f
an
y
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
was
p
r
esen
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
llectio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
p
o
wer
asy
m
m
etr
y
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
wh
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wr
o
te.
R
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
s
ea
led
in
en
v
elo
p
es
an
d
r
et
u
r
n
e
d
d
ir
ec
tly
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
.
I
n
ter
v
ie
ws
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
a
s
ep
ar
ate
s
ess
io
n
,
with
au
d
io
-
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
co
n
s
en
t,
an
d
wer
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
tr
an
s
cr
ib
e
d
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
.
All
d
ata
wer
e
an
o
n
y
m
ize
d
at
th
e
p
o
in
t o
f
co
llectio
n
.
2
.
5
.
Ana
ly
t
ica
l a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
f
o
llo
wed
a
th
em
a
tic
-
an
aly
tic
lo
g
ic.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
f
ir
s
t
r
ea
d
th
e
en
tire
s
et
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
b
r
o
ad
s
en
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
ata.
I
n
a
s
ec
o
n
d
r
ea
d
in
g
,
r
e
cu
r
r
in
g
s
tatem
en
ts
ab
o
u
t te
ac
h
er
q
u
alities
,
teac
h
er
d
ef
icien
cies,
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
with
f
o
r
m
al
e
v
alu
at
io
n
wer
e
co
d
ed
.
T
h
ese
co
d
es
wer
e
th
en
g
r
o
u
p
e
d
in
to
h
ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
e
r
th
em
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
cc
ess
iv
e
iter
atio
n
s
.
Fiv
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
th
em
es
em
er
g
ed
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
attr
ib
u
tes
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
teac
h
er
,
an
d
f
iv
e
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
e
f
icien
cies
o
f
I
QAC
-
m
ed
iated
ev
alu
atio
n
.
I
n
ter
v
iew
m
ater
ial
was u
s
ed
p
r
im
ar
ily
to
d
ee
p
en
,
q
u
alif
y
,
an
d
o
cc
asio
n
ally
n
u
an
ce
t
h
e
wr
itten
d
ata.
2
.
6
.
T
rus
t
wo
rt
hin
ess
a
nd
cr
edibi
lity
Sev
er
al
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wer
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
First,
b
o
th
au
th
o
r
s
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tly
co
d
e
d
a
r
an
d
o
m
ly
s
elec
ted
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
es
an
d
th
en
co
m
p
ar
e
d
co
d
es;
d
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
ts
wer
e
r
e
s
o
lv
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
c
o
d
in
g
s
ch
em
e
was
iter
ativ
ely
r
ef
in
e
d
u
n
til
in
ter
-
co
d
er
a
g
r
ee
m
en
t
was
s
at
is
f
ac
to
r
y
.
Seco
n
d
,
wr
itten
an
d
in
ter
v
iew
d
ata
wer
e
tr
ian
g
u
lated
to
co
n
f
ir
m
o
r
q
u
alif
y
em
er
g
i
n
g
t
h
em
es.
T
h
ir
d
,
m
em
b
er
-
ch
ec
k
in
g
was
c
o
n
d
u
cted
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
i
n
ter
v
iew
p
h
ase:
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
ask
ed
wh
eth
er
th
e
p
r
elim
in
a
r
y
th
em
es
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
wr
itten
r
esp
o
n
s
es
ca
p
tu
r
ed
th
eir
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
,
an
d
th
eir
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
was
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
a
n
au
d
it
tr
ail
o
f
co
d
e
-
to
-
th
em
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
was
m
ain
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Fifth
,
a
r
ef
le
x
iv
ity
s
t
atem
en
t
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
:
as
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
ite,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
in
s
id
er
b
ias
an
d
ex
p
licitly
b
r
ac
k
eted
th
eir
ev
al
u
ativ
e
ju
d
g
m
e
n
ts
d
u
r
in
g
co
d
in
g
.
An
o
n
y
m
ity
was
p
r
eser
v
ed
at
ev
er
y
s
tag
e,
a
n
d
th
e
d
ata
s
et
co
n
tain
s
n
o
p
er
s
o
n
a
l
id
en
tifie
r
s
.
T
h
es
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es e
n
s
u
r
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
co
n
s
is
ten
t w
ith
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
em
p
ir
ical
f
in
d
in
g
s
with
o
u
t
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
ad
d
r
ess
es
R
Q1
b
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
izin
g
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
icien
cies
o
f
I
QAC
-
m
ed
iated
ev
alu
atio
n
as
r
e
p
o
r
ted
b
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
R
Q2
b
y
o
u
tlin
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
alities
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
teac
h
e
r
ar
ticu
lat
ed
b
y
th
e
s
am
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
,
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
wit
h
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
an
d
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
a
d
d
r
ess
es
R
Q3
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
s
ep
ar
ately
.
3
.
1
.
O
pera
t
io
na
l def
iciencies o
f
I
Q
AC
-
m
edia
t
ed
ev
a
lua
t
i
o
n (
RQ
1
)
Fiv
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
p
atter
n
s
em
er
g
ed
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
e
n
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
to
th
e
I
QAC
-
b
ased
e
v
alu
atio
n
th
ey
h
a
d
en
co
u
n
ter
e
d
.
E
ac
h
p
atter
n
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
as
a
p
u
r
e
em
p
ir
ical
f
in
d
in
g
,
with
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ev
i
d
e
n
ce
d
r
awn
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
wr
itten
a
n
d
in
te
r
v
i
ew
d
ata.
T
h
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
in
d
ialo
g
u
e
with
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
s
ep
ar
ate
ly
.
First,
a
lar
g
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
d
escr
ib
e
d
th
e
ev
a
lu
atio
n
ex
er
cise
as
a
m
er
e
f
o
r
m
ality
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
f
o
r
m
s
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
with
o
u
t
a
d
eq
u
ate
ex
p
l
an
atio
n
,
co
m
p
leted
q
u
ick
ly
,
a
n
d
c
o
llected
en
m
as
s
e
.
W
h
en
ask
ed
wh
at
h
ap
p
en
e
d
to
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
v
er
y
f
ew
co
u
ld
id
e
n
tify
a
n
y
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
:
th
er
e
was
n
o
r
e
p
o
r
t,
n
o
p
er
ce
p
tib
le
ch
a
n
g
e
in
t
ea
ch
er
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
an
d
n
o
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
th
em
es r
aised
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
lack
o
f
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
was w
id
ely
p
er
ce
iv
ed
.
Fo
r
m
s
wer
e
o
f
ten
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
an
d
co
llected
b
y
a
s
taf
f
m
em
b
er
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
v
o
lu
n
teer
k
n
o
w
n
to
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
E
v
en
wh
en
n
a
m
es
wer
e
n
o
t
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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v
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&
R
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Vo
l
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15
,
No
.
4
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Au
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u
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20
26
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8
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2844
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
h
a
n
d
wr
itin
g
,
s
tr
ea
m
,
s
ec
tio
n
,
an
d
s
ea
t
o
r
d
er
m
a
d
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
p
r
ac
tice.
I
n
a
d
is
tr
ict
co
lleg
e
with
s
m
all
class
es
an
d
h
ig
h
teac
h
e
r
–
s
tu
d
en
t
f
am
ili
ar
ity
,
n
o
m
in
al
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
tr
a
n
s
late
in
to
p
er
ce
iv
ed
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
.
T
h
ir
d
,
in
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
t
r
o
n
g
ly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
s
tu
d
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Un
d
er
th
e
s
em
ester
s
y
s
tem
in
o
p
er
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
Ass
am
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
co
lleg
es,
b
etwe
en
2
0
an
d
3
0
%
o
f
f
in
al
m
ar
k
s
a
r
e
awa
r
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
b
jec
t
teac
h
er
as
in
ter
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
.
Stu
d
en
ts
ar
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
r
atio
n
ally
ca
u
tio
u
s
ab
o
u
t
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
a
n
y
ass
ess
m
en
t
th
at
co
u
ld
b
e
tr
ac
e
d
b
ac
k
to
th
e
m
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
r
e
p
o
r
ted
r
atin
g
s
cl
u
s
ter
at
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
av
ailab
l
e
s
ca
le
an
d
ce
ase
to
s
er
v
e
an
y
d
ia
g
n
o
s
tic
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
at
th
e
ju
d
g
m
e
n
t
n
ee
d
e
d
to
ev
alu
ate
a
teac
h
er
is
n
o
t
eq
u
ally
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
all
o
f
th
e
m
.
Sev
er
al
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
“e
asy
”
teac
h
er
,
o
n
e
wh
o
jo
k
es,
r
elax
es
th
e
r
u
les,
o
r
is
len
ien
t
with
g
r
ad
es
,
is
im
m
ed
iately
p
o
p
u
lar
an
d
lik
ely
to
r
ec
eiv
e
f
av
o
r
a
b
le
r
at
in
g
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
d
em
an
d
in
g
teac
h
e
r
wh
o
in
s
is
ts
o
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
m
ay
b
e
r
ated
less
f
av
o
r
ab
l
y
u
n
til
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
m
atu
r
es
ac
ad
em
ically
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
is
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
in
ev
alu
ativ
e
m
atu
r
ity
o
f
ten
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
r
atin
g
s
th
at
r
ewa
r
d
af
f
a
b
ilit
y
r
ath
er
t
h
an
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ef
f
o
r
t.
Fifth
,
th
e
lack
o
f
r
ev
iew
was
co
n
s
p
icu
o
u
s
.
Stu
d
en
ts
r
ep
o
r
te
d
th
at
th
ey
h
ad
n
ev
er
b
ee
n
in
f
o
r
m
ed
o
f
ag
g
r
eg
ate
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
o
f
an
y
ch
an
g
es
in
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tice
att
r
ib
u
tab
le
to
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
o
r
o
f
a
n
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
er
cise.
I
n
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
s
u
ch
r
etu
r
n
s
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
ey
h
ad
n
o
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
e
v
id
en
ce
th
at
t
h
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
h
a
d
an
y
co
n
s
eq
u
en
c
e
f
o
r
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
teac
h
in
g
th
ey
r
ec
eiv
ed
.
3
.
2
.
Student
-
a
rt
icula
t
ed
qu
a
litie
s
o
f
a
g
o
o
d t
ea
cher
(
RQ
2
)
W
h
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
ask
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
q
u
alities
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
teac
h
e
r
,
f
i
v
e
th
em
es
em
er
g
e
d
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
wr
itten
an
d
in
ter
v
iew
d
ata.
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
ese
th
em
es
alo
n
g
with
illu
s
tr
ativ
e
p
ar
ap
h
r
ases
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
e
n
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
a
n
d
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
h
o
r
t
em
p
i
r
ical
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
o
f
ea
ch
th
em
e
in
tu
r
n
.
T
h
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
ese
th
em
es in
r
elatio
n
to
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
s
ep
ar
a
tely
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Stu
d
e
n
t
-
ar
ticu
lated
q
u
alities
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
co
lleg
e
teac
h
er
(
L
ak
h
im
p
u
r
,
Ass
am
)
Th
e
m
e
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
R
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
(
p
a
r
a
p
h
r
a
se)
D
i
sci
p
l
i
n
e
a
n
d
p
u
n
c
t
u
a
l
i
t
y
Te
a
c
h
e
r
m
o
d
e
l
s
t
h
e
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
o
f
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
:
a
r
r
i
v
i
n
g
o
n
t
i
m
e
,
s
t
a
y
i
n
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
u
l
l
c
l
a
ss,
a
n
d
mee
t
i
n
g
d
e
a
d
l
i
n
e
s.
O
u
r t
e
a
c
h
e
rs r
e
p
ri
m
a
n
d
u
s
f
o
r
a
r
ri
v
i
n
g
l
a
t
e
,
y
e
t
t
h
e
y
e
n
t
e
r
t
e
n
m
i
n
u
t
e
s
a
f
t
e
r t
h
e
b
e
l
l
a
n
d
l
e
a
v
e
f
i
v
e
m
i
n
u
t
e
s e
a
r
l
y
.
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
t
h
e
c
l
a
ssr
o
o
m
Th
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
r
e
ma
i
n
s a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
a
b
l
e
b
e
y
o
n
d
f
o
r
m
a
l
c
l
a
ss
h
o
u
r
s
—
i
n
c
o
r
r
i
d
o
r
s,
o
f
f
i
c
e
s
,
a
n
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
s.
I
n
si
d
e
c
l
a
ss,
h
e
i
s
h
e
l
p
f
u
l
,
b
u
t
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
,
h
e
b
a
r
e
l
y
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
s
u
s.
W
e
w
a
n
t
a
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
w
h
o
i
s
t
h
e
sa
m
e
i
n
b
o
t
h
p
l
a
c
e
s
.
S
o
c
i
a
l
r
o
l
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
Th
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
a
c
c
e
p
t
s
p
u
b
l
i
c
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
su
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
p
e
a
k
s w
i
t
h
d
i
g
n
i
t
y
o
n
mat
t
e
r
s
o
f
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
.
Wh
e
n
so
m
e
t
h
i
n
g
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
h
a
p
p
e
n
s
i
n
o
u
r
a
r
e
a
,
m
o
st
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s st
a
y
si
l
e
n
t
.
W
e
e
x
p
e
c
t
t
h
e
m
t
o
sp
e
a
k
.
I
n
sp
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
r
a
i
s
e
Th
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
s
g
e
n
u
i
n
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
e
f
f
o
r
t
w
i
t
h
t
i
m
e
l
y
,
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
a
v
o
i
d
i
n
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
v
e
p
r
a
i
s
e
.
A
si
n
g
l
e
si
n
c
e
re
w
o
rd
f
r
o
m
a
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
c
a
n
k
e
e
p
u
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
f
o
r
w
e
e
k
s
.
Em
p
t
y
p
ra
i
se
f
e
e
l
s
w
o
rse
t
h
a
n
si
l
e
n
c
e
.
K
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
b
e
y
o
n
d
t
h
e
s
y
l
l
a
b
u
s
Th
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
b
r
i
n
g
s w
i
d
e
r
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
,
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
l
i
v
e
d
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
sr
o
o
m ra
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
r
e
c
i
t
i
n
g
t
e
x
t
b
o
o
k
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
.
We
d
o
n
o
t
c
o
m
e
t
o
c
l
a
ss
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
t
e
x
t
b
o
o
k
.
Wh
e
n
a
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
b
ri
n
g
s i
n
s
o
m
e
t
h
i
n
g
f
ro
m
a
b
o
o
k
o
r
l
i
f
e
,
t
h
e
c
l
a
ss
f
e
e
l
s
a
l
i
v
e
.
Dis
cip
lin
e
an
d
p
u
n
ct
u
ality
wer
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
c
ited
attr
ib
u
tes.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
u
n
if
o
r
m
l
y
o
b
jecte
d
to
teac
h
er
s
a
r
r
iv
in
g
late
to
class
an
d
leav
in
g
ea
r
l
y
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
e
n
t
h
o
s
e
teac
h
er
s
en
f
o
r
ce
d
s
tr
ict
d
is
cip
lin
e
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
s
im
ilar
lap
s
es.
Fro
m
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
p
u
n
ctu
ality
is
a
b
asic
co
n
tr
ac
tu
al
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
t
h
at
p
r
ec
e
d
es
all
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
an
y
v
is
ib
le
b
r
ea
c
h
o
f
it
was
r
ep
o
r
ted
as
u
n
d
er
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
au
t
h
o
r
ity
b
e
f
o
r
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
h
a
d
e
v
en
b
e
g
u
n
.
Su
p
p
o
r
t
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
em
er
g
e
d
as
a
s
ec
o
n
d
t
h
em
e.
Stu
d
en
ts
v
alu
ed
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
r
em
ain
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ab
le,
willin
g
to
an
s
w
er
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
an
d
av
ailab
le
in
co
r
r
id
o
r
s
,
o
f
f
ices,
o
r
o
th
er
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
wh
o
ab
an
d
o
n
ed
co
r
d
iality
o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
wer
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
as
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
,
a
n
d
s
ev
er
al
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ex
p
licitly
co
n
tr
asted
class
r
o
o
m
war
m
th
with
co
r
r
id
o
r
co
ld
n
ess
as a
s
ig
n
o
f
in
a
u
th
en
tic
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
c
ar
e.
So
cial
r
o
le
an
d
c
o
n
d
u
ct
wer
e
a
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
an
d
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
co
n
ce
r
n
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
in
L
ak
h
i
m
p
u
r
ar
ticu
lated
a
clea
r
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
t
h
at
a
teac
h
er
s
h
o
u
ld
o
cc
u
p
y
a
v
is
ib
le,
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
le
p
o
s
itio
n
in
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
ity
:
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
v
o
ice
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
h
ea
r
d
o
n
m
atter
s
o
f
p
u
b
lic
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
.
W
h
en
teac
h
er
s
r
em
ain
ed
s
ilen
t
o
r
d
etac
h
ed
,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ex
p
r
ess
ed
d
is
ap
p
o
in
tm
e
n
t
an
d
r
e
p
o
r
ted
th
at
s
u
c
h
s
ilen
ce
d
im
i
n
is
h
ed
th
e
teac
h
e
r
’
s
s
tan
d
in
g
in
th
eir
ey
es r
eg
ar
d
le
s
s
o
f
class
r
o
o
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
s
p
ir
atio
n
an
d
p
r
aise
f
o
r
m
ed
a
f
o
u
r
th
th
e
m
e.
Stu
d
en
ts
v
al
u
ed
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
g
o
o
d
wo
r
k
:
a
s
in
g
le
wo
r
d
o
f
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
em
en
t,
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
en
t
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ed
e
f
f
o
r
t,
o
r
a
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
s
tu
d
y
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
ey
wer
e
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
g
en
u
in
e
p
r
aise
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
r
aise
o
f
f
er
ed
to
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8
8
2
2
R
efra
min
g
tea
ch
er e
va
lu
a
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
er e
d
u
ca
tio
n
:
a
th
r
ee
-
p
illa
r
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fr
o
m
…
(
A
r
a
b
in
d
a
R
a
jk
h
o
w
a
)
2845
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
m
ag
n
an
im
ity
,
an
d
th
ey
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
clea
r
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
,
s
p
ec
if
ic
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
en
t o
v
er
g
e
n
er
al
ized
f
latter
y
.
Kn
o
wled
g
e
b
ey
o
n
d
t
h
e
s
y
llab
u
s
was
th
e
f
if
th
,
an
d
p
e
r
h
a
p
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
tellectu
ally
d
em
an
d
in
g
,
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
.
Stu
d
en
ts
r
e
p
o
r
te
d
th
at
th
ey
d
id
n
o
t
ex
p
ec
t
m
er
ely
th
e
tex
tb
o
o
k
;
r
ath
er
,
th
ey
ex
p
ec
ted
th
eir
teac
h
er
to
b
r
i
n
g
in
to
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
m
ater
ial
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
r
ea
d
in
g
,
r
ef
lectio
n
,
an
d
life
ex
p
er
ien
ce
to
en
r
ich
th
e
s
u
b
ject.
T
ea
ch
er
s
wh
o
lim
ited
th
em
s
elv
es
to
r
ec
itin
g
n
o
tes
wer
e
q
u
ick
l
y
s
ee
n
as
lim
ited
,
an
d
th
eir
au
th
o
r
ity
er
o
d
ed
i
n
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
.
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
in
ter
p
r
ets
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
ialo
g
u
e
w
ith
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e,
d
ev
elo
p
s
th
e
en
ab
lin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
cr
ed
ib
le
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
,
an
d
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
es
R
Q3
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ejec
t
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
ev
alu
ativ
e
in
s
ig
h
t;
r
a
th
er
,
it
ar
g
u
es
th
at
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ec
o
m
es
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
tally
cr
e
d
ib
le
o
n
ly
wh
en
tr
ian
g
u
lated
with
d
is
cip
lin
ed
teac
h
er
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
in
t
er
p
r
et
th
e
d
ef
icien
cies
an
d
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
-
ar
ticu
lated
q
u
alities
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
;
th
e
s
ec
tio
n
th
en
a
r
ticu
lates
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
its
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
s
p
e
cif
icatio
n
,
co
n
c
r
ete
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
I
QAC co
o
r
d
in
at
o
r
s
,
an
d
its
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
.
4
.
1
.
I
nte
rpre
t
ing
t
he
o
pera
t
i
o
na
l def
iciencies in r
ela
t
io
n t
o
ex
is
t
ing
lite
ra
t
ure
T
h
e
f
iv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
icien
cies
ca
n
b
e
in
ter
p
r
ete
d
as
a
co
h
er
en
t
p
atter
n
wh
en
r
ea
d
a
g
ain
s
t
th
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
SET
,
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
in
ter
p
r
eta
tio
n
d
ir
ec
tly
i
n
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
tak
en
u
p
,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
tr
ess
ed
th
at
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ejec
t
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
as
a
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
e
v
alu
ativ
e
in
s
ig
h
t,
b
u
t
ar
g
u
es
th
at
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ec
o
m
es
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tally
cr
ed
ib
le
o
n
ly
wh
en
tr
ian
g
u
lated
with
d
is
cip
lin
ed
teac
h
er
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew.
E
ac
h
f
in
d
in
g
is
tak
en
u
p
in
tu
r
n
b
elo
w,
with
ex
p
lici
t
atten
tio
n
to
wh
eth
er
it
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates,
ex
ten
d
s
,
o
r
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
i
o
r
wo
r
k
,
an
d
to
th
e
g
ap
it
h
elp
s
ad
d
r
ess
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
th
at
ev
al
u
atio
n
i
s
wid
ely
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
as
a
m
er
e
f
o
r
m
ality
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates
C
o
n
s
tan
tin
o
u
an
d
W
ijn
en
-
Me
ijer
[
2
1
]
,
wh
o
n
o
te
th
at
wh
e
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
d
o
n
o
t
s
ee
th
eir
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ac
te
d
u
p
o
n
,
th
eir
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
in
ce
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
d
r
o
p
s
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
s
elf
-
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
c
y
cle
o
f
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
d
ec
ay
.
I
t
also
d
ee
p
en
s
Z
h
ao
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
,
wh
o
d
escr
ib
e
r
itu
aliza
tio
n
in
C
h
in
ese
an
d
W
ester
n
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
b
y
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
d
is
tr
ict
-
lev
el
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
th
at
th
e
s
am
e
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
er
ates
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
in
I
n
d
ian
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
ate
co
lleg
es.
T
h
e
im
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
th
at
th
e
I
QAC
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
t
o
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
a
n
an
aly
tical
n
o
d
e
th
at
r
etu
r
n
s
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
to
teac
h
er
s
,
r
a
th
er
th
an
as a
p
ass
iv
e
co
llecto
r
o
f
f
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
t
h
is
im
p
licatio
n
d
ir
ec
tly
m
o
tiv
ates
Pil
lar
1
o
f
th
e
in
te
g
r
ated
m
o
d
e
l.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
o
n
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
ad
d
s
d
is
tr
ict
-
lev
el
e
v
id
en
c
e
to
Qu
an
s
ah
et
a
l.
[
1
]
,
wh
o
id
en
tify
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
as
a
n
ec
ess
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
ca
n
d
id
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
an
d
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
I
n
d
ian
im
p
l
em
en
tatio
n
h
as
n
o
t
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
in
a
n
y
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
s
en
s
e.
I
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
g
ap
id
en
tifi
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
b
y
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
th
e
well
-
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
ass
u
m
es
an
o
n
y
m
ity
-
in
-
p
r
ac
tice
,
n
o
t
m
er
ely
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
-
in
-
f
o
r
m
,
an
d
t
h
at
s
m
all
-
class
d
i
s
tr
ict
co
lleg
es
f
all
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
s
h
o
r
t
o
n
th
is
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
n
lin
e
o
r
s
ea
led
-
b
o
x
co
ll
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tio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
d
etailed
in
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
p
e
cif
icatio
n
o
f
Pil
lar
1
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
o
n
in
ter
n
al
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
f
lu
en
ce
f
u
r
th
er
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics
an
aly
ze
d
by
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
: in
s
em
ester
-
s
y
s
tem
co
lleg
es wh
er
e
in
t
er
n
al
-
ass
ess
m
en
t m
ar
k
s
ar
e
a
war
d
ed
b
y
th
e
s
am
e
teac
h
er
b
ein
g
e
v
alu
ated
,
t
h
e
th
r
ea
t
-
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
er
ates
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
r
ath
er
th
an
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
in
ce
n
tiv
es.
T
h
is
is
an
ex
p
licit
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
t
o
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
id
e
n
tifie
d
ea
r
lier
,
s
in
ce
p
r
io
r
cr
itiq
u
es
o
f
ev
alu
ato
r
–
ev
al
u
a
tee
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le
o
v
er
la
p
h
av
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ev
elo
p
e
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p
r
im
a
r
ily
o
n
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
a
n
d
No
r
t
h
Am
er
ican
d
ata,
an
d
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
ls
h
o
w
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
in
ten
s
if
ies
in
th
e
I
n
d
ian
s
em
ester
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
im
p
licatio
n
is
th
at
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
c
o
llectio
n
m
u
s
t b
e
d
elib
er
ately
r
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
th
at
s
tu
d
en
t
r
atin
g
s
r
ewa
r
d
af
f
ab
ilit
y
c
o
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
3
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
w
h
o
s
e
co
m
b
in
ed
a
r
g
u
m
e
n
t
is
th
at
SET
o
f
ten
m
ea
s
u
r
es
lik
ab
ilit
y
r
at
h
er
th
an
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ically
r
elev
a
n
t
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
s
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
v
alu
ab
le
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
em
s
elv
es
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
ar
ticu
late
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is
ten
d
en
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,
wh
i
ch
illu
s
tr
ates
th
at
s
in
g
le
-
s
o
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r
ce
s
tu
d
en
t
ev
alu
atio
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ca
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n
o
t
b
e
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elied
u
p
o
n
to
s
u
p
p
ly
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
d
iag
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o
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tic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ev
en
wh
en
s
in
ce
r
ity
is
ass
u
m
ed
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
h
elp
s
ju
s
tify
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew
a
n
d
s
elf
-
ev
al
u
atio
n
alo
n
g
s
id
e
r
ef
o
r
m
e
d
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
a
s
elab
o
r
ated
i
n
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
a
d
d
s
e
m
p
ir
ical
weig
h
t
to
t
h
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
th
at
Sp
o
o
r
en
et
a
l.
[
2
]
d
r
aw
b
etwe
en
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
an
d
s
u
m
m
ativ
e
u
s
es
o
f
SET
.
T
h
eir
ar
g
u
m
e
n
t
th
at
th
e
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
u
s
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
f
i
n
d
s
d
ir
ec
t
em
p
ir
ical
co
n
f
ir
m
a
tio
n
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
d
ata,
in
wh
ich
n
o
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
co
u
ld
id
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n
tify
an
y
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
e
r
cise.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
g
ap
b
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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it r
eq
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4
.
2
.
I
nte
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t
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T
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tu
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-
a
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ticu
lated
q
u
alities
ar
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in
ter
p
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ete
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e
r
e
in
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ialo
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e
with
th
e
in
ter
n
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n
al
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
g
o
o
d
teac
h
in
g
,
with
ea
ch
t
h
em
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
ep
a
r
ately
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
p
r
esen
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
p
r
io
r
wo
r
k
,
th
ey
ar
e
n
o
ted
as
co
n
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ir
m
at
o
r
y
;
wh
er
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ey
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ee
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o
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d
if
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er
f
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o
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it,
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ey
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lag
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ac
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d
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ly
,
with
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p
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th
eir
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
t
o
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
.
T
h
e
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
p
a
r
ag
r
a
p
h
s
th
at
f
o
llo
w
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
in
th
e
s
am
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
p
ar
allels
b
etwe
en
em
p
ir
ical
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
th
eir
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
a
r
e
ea
s
y
to
tr
ac
e.
T
h
e
d
is
cip
lin
e
-
an
d
-
p
u
n
ctu
alit
y
th
em
e
alig
n
s
with
Alh
ija
[
1
6
]
an
d
th
e
v
alid
ated
f
ac
to
r
o
f
class
r
o
o
m
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
i
n
C
atan
o
an
d
H
ar
v
ey
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
lies
in
r
e
v
ea
lin
g
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
tr
ea
t
p
u
n
ct
u
ality
as
a
co
n
tr
ac
t
u
al
p
r
ec
o
n
d
itio
n
r
ath
e
r
th
a
n
as
o
n
e
r
atab
le
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
am
o
n
g
o
th
e
r
s
,
wh
ich
h
as
d
ir
ec
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
h
o
w
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
is
ca
p
tu
r
ed
in
an
y
r
ef
o
r
m
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
T
h
e
th
em
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
c
o
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates p
r
io
r
w
o
r
k
wh
ile
ad
d
in
g
t
h
is
co
n
tr
ac
t
u
al
f
r
am
in
g
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
-
o
u
ts
id
e
-
th
e
-
class
r
o
o
m
th
e
m
e
alig
n
s
with
W
itter
an
d
Hattie
[
2
6
]
,
wh
o
r
ep
o
r
t
th
at
teac
h
er
s
s
co
r
in
g
h
ig
h
o
n
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
a
n
d
in
t
r
in
s
ic
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
ex
ten
d
th
ei
r
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
is
as
an
in
teg
r
ated
p
er
s
o
n
al
q
u
ality
r
ath
er
t
h
an
a
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
estu
r
e.
T
h
e
L
a
k
h
im
p
u
r
d
ata
d
ee
p
en
th
is
f
in
d
in
g
b
y
r
e
v
ea
lin
g
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
en
alize
i
n
co
n
g
r
u
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
in
s
id
e
-
class
an
d
o
u
ts
id
e
-
class
co
n
d
u
ct
in
t
h
eir
ev
alu
ativ
e
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
ap
b
y
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
an
y
cr
e
d
ib
le
p
ee
r
-
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
r
u
b
r
ic
m
u
s
t
in
clu
d
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
tim
etab
led
s
ess
io
n
as a
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
teac
h
in
g
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
s
o
cial
-
r
o
le
-
an
d
-
co
n
d
u
ct
t
h
em
e
is
cu
ltu
r
ally
in
f
lecte
d
an
d
alig
n
s
with
Ku
lal
et
a
l.
’
s
[
2
7
]
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
th
e
I
n
d
ian
teac
h
er
’
s
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
tan
d
in
g
as
a
m
o
r
al
ex
e
m
p
lar
;
it
also
d
ee
p
en
s
Kis
h
im
o
to
[
2
8
]
o
n
f
ac
u
lty
s
elf
-
r
ef
lectio
n
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
in
to
civ
ic
life
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
’
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
th
is
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
in
p
r
im
ar
y
d
is
tr
ict
-
lev
el
d
ata,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
ab
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
p
r
i
o
r
l
iter
atu
r
e
o
n
I
n
d
ian
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
th
em
e
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
clu
s
ter
o
f
attr
ib
u
tes r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
Alh
ija
[
1
6
]
in
W
ester
n
co
n
tex
ts
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
a
cu
ltu
r
ally
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
g
o
o
d
teac
h
in
g
t
h
at
p
r
e
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
W
ester
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
wo
u
ld
h
a
v
e
m
is
s
ed
.
T
h
e
in
s
p
ir
atio
n
-
a
n
d
-
p
r
aise
th
em
e
alig
n
s
with
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
m
ed
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
1
]
an
d
with
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
h
ier
ar
ch
y
o
f
Mim
ir
in
is
an
d
Ah
lb
e
r
g
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
e
-
g
r
ain
ed
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
d
r
ew
b
etwe
en
g
e
n
u
in
e
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
r
aise
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates
th
e
h
ig
h
er
le
v
el
s
o
f
th
at
h
ier
ar
ch
y
an
d
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
p
er
ate
with
a
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
ev
alu
ativ
e
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
th
an
c
o
ar
s
e
L
ik
er
t
item
s
ca
n
ca
p
tu
r
e.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
r
esear
c
h
g
a
p
is
th
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
th
at
th
is
d
is
cr
im
in
at
io
n
is
ar
ticu
lab
le
i
n
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
f
o
r
m
ats
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
p
r
o
m
p
ts
in
r
ef
o
r
m
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
-
ev
alu
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
b
ey
o
n
d
-
t
h
e
-
s
y
llab
u
s
th
em
e
c
o
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates
Mim
ir
in
is
an
d
Ah
lb
e
r
g
[
1
8
]
an
d
th
e
b
r
o
ad
e
r
r
ef
lectiv
e
-
p
r
ac
tice
ar
g
u
m
en
t
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
9
]
t
h
at
th
e
r
e
ad
in
g
teac
h
e
r
is
th
e
p
r
ec
o
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
th
e
t
h
in
k
in
g
class
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
e
L
a
k
h
im
p
u
r
d
a
ta
ad
d
co
n
tex
tu
al
e
v
id
en
ce
t
o
t
h
is
wo
r
k
b
y
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tin
g
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
ex
p
licitly
v
al
u
e
s
u
ch
in
tel
lectu
al
b
r
ea
d
th
e
v
en
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
d
is
tr
ict
in
s
titu
ti
o
n
s
wh
er
e
it
m
ig
h
t
b
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
d
ilu
ted
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
ap
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
m
p
ts
in
Pil
lar
2
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
p
r
o
m
p
t
8
o
n
r
e
ce
n
t d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
r
ea
d
i
n
g
.
4
.
3
.
E
na
bli
ng
co
nd
it
io
ns
f
o
r
cr
edibl
e
s
elf
-
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
cr
ed
ib
le
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
teac
h
er
s
e
lf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es
s
ev
er
al
en
ab
lin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
First,
th
e
teac
h
er
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
d
is
p
ass
io
n
ate
s
elf
-
an
aly
s
is
:
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
m
o
v
e
b
ey
o
n
d
d
ef
en
s
iv
e
r
ea
ctio
n
s
a
n
d
v
iew
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
as
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
S
ec
o
n
d
,
th
e
teac
h
er
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
en
ts
an
d
tr
ajec
to
r
ies,
wh
ich
s
er
v
e
as
d
elay
ed
,
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
teac
h
in
g
im
p
ac
t
u
n
av
ailab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
en
d
-
of
-
c
o
u
r
s
e
r
atin
g
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
teac
h
er
m
u
s
t
h
o
ld
an
ar
ticu
la
b
le
id
ea
l
o
f
t
ea
ch
in
g
,
a
co
n
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
wh
a
t
teac
h
in
g
is
f
o
r
,
ag
ain
s
t
wh
i
ch
p
r
ac
tice
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
Fo
u
r
t
h
,
th
e
teac
h
er
m
u
s
t
ad
o
p
t
a
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
s
tan
ce
v
is
-
à
-
v
is
eth
n
ic
an
d
r
elig
io
u
s
id
en
tity
,
r
esis
tin
g
th
e
tem
p
tatio
n
to
i
m
p
o
r
t
p
a
r
ticu
lar
is
tic
id
en
titi
es
in
to
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
teac
h
er
m
u
s
t
en
g
ag
e
in
s
u
s
tain
ed
r
ea
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
r
ef
lectiv
e
p
r
ac
tice
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
2
]
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ea
ch
o
f
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as Ho
wUT
ea
ch
,
t
h
at
ca
n
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
th
em
f
o
r
r
o
u
tin
e
u
s
e.
4
.
4
.
T
he
t
hree
-
pil
la
r
f
ra
m
e
wo
rk
:
inte
g
r
a
t
ing
s
t
ud
ent
f
ee
db
a
ck
,
s
elf
-
ev
a
lua
t
io
n,
a
nd
peer
re
v
iew
(
RQ
3
)
B
y
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
em
p
ir
ical
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
with
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
,
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
p
o
i
n
ts
to
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
th
r
ee
-
p
illar
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
tea
ch
er
ev
al
u
atio
n
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
ex
p
licitly
g
r
o
wth
-
o
r
ien
ted
r
ath
er
th
a
n
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
-
o
r
ien
te
d
:
its
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
to
g
en
er
ate
ac
tio
n
ab
le
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
es
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I
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J
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8
8
2
2
R
efra
min
g
tea
ch
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va
lu
a
tio
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in
h
ig
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u
ca
tio
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a
th
r
ee
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p
illa
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fr
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k
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o
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(
A
r
a
b
in
d
a
R
a
jk
h
o
w
a
)
2847
class
r
o
o
m
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
,
u
ltima
tely
,
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
illar
is
cr
ed
ib
le,
c
o
n
f
id
en
tial
s
tu
d
e
n
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
with
g
en
u
i
n
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
f
o
llo
w
-
up
:
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
r
ef
o
r
m
e
d
to
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
tim
ed
to
m
in
im
ize
in
ter
n
al
-
as
s
ess
m
en
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
an
d
lin
k
e
d
to
a
n
an
aly
tical
r
o
u
tin
e
th
at
r
etu
r
n
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
th
e
teac
h
er
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
illar
is
d
is
cip
lin
ed
,
p
er
io
d
ic
teac
h
e
r
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
r
e
ad
in
g
,
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
f
o
r
m
er
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
ar
tic
u
lated
teac
h
in
g
id
ea
ls
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
illar
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew,
in
clu
d
in
g
class
r
o
o
m
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
b
y
s
en
io
r
co
lleag
u
es,
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
lies
th
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ex
p
e
r
tis
e
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ec
ess
ar
ily
lack
.
C
o
n
s
tan
tin
o
u
an
d
W
ijn
en
-
Me
ijer
[
21
]
m
ak
e
th
is
ar
g
u
m
e
n
t
ess
en
tially
f
o
r
m
ed
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
its
lo
g
ic
tr
an
s
f
er
s
to
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
co
lleg
es.
W
ith
in
s
u
ch
an
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
t,
th
e
I
QAC
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
n
o
t
as
a
co
llecto
r
o
f
f
o
r
m
s
b
u
t
as
t
h
e
an
aly
tical
n
o
d
e
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
th
r
ee
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
s
an
d
r
etu
r
n
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tally
o
r
ie
n
ted
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
As
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
illar
s
f
ee
d
s
d
ir
ec
tly
in
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
teac
h
in
g
q
u
alit
y
an
d
,
in
tu
r
n
,
en
h
an
ce
d
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
Su
ch
a
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
NE
P
2
0
2
0
[
1
4
]
an
d
th
e
q
u
ality
-
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
m
an
d
ate
o
f
NAAC
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ated
m
o
d
el
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as th
e
ce
n
tr
al
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
r
ee
-
p
illar
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
teac
h
e
r
ev
alu
atio
n
4
.
5
.
O
pera
t
io
na
l sp
ec
if
ica
t
io
n o
f
t
he
t
hree
pil
la
rs
4
.
5
.
1
.
P
i
ll
a
r
1
:
r
e
f
o
r
med s
t
ud
ent
f
ee
db
a
c
k
T
h
r
e
e
o
p
e
r
ati
o
n
al
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
m
ak
e
s
tu
d
en
t
f
e
e
d
b
ac
k
c
r
e
d
i
b
l
e.
Fi
r
s
t
,
a
n
o
n
y
m
it
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
t
ec
t
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
li
n
e
o
r
s
e
ale
d
-
b
o
x
s
u
b
m
is
s
i
o
n
,
wit
h
n
o
in
te
r
m
e
d
ia
r
y
k
n
o
w
n
t
o
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t,
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
p
e
r
c
ei
v
es
a
n
o
n
y
m
i
ty
r
at
h
e
r
th
a
n
m
e
r
e
ly
r
e
ce
i
v
i
n
g
a
n
ass
u
r
a
n
ce
o
f
it
.
Sec
o
n
d
,
t
h
e
e
v
a
lu
ati
o
n
c
y
cl
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
ti
m
e
d
a
f
te
r
i
n
te
r
n
a
l
-
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
m
a
r
k
s
ar
e
f
i
n
aliz
ed
t
o
b
r
e
ak
t
h
e
s
t
r
at
e
g
ic
-
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
l
o
o
p
.
T
h
i
r
d
,
ag
g
r
e
g
at
e
d
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
et
u
r
n
e
d
t
o
th
e
te
ac
h
e
r
wi
th
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
a
n
a
ly
tic
al
c
o
m
m
en
tar
y
wi
th
in
a
f
ix
ed
in
s
t
it
u
ti
o
n
al
t
im
eli
n
e
,
t
y
p
ic
all
y
f
o
u
r
wee
k
s
af
t
e
r
c
o
ll
ec
t
io
n
,
s
o
t
h
e
l
o
o
p
cl
o
s
es
an
d
t
h
e
in
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
’
s
f
o
r
m
at
iv
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
is
r
est
o
r
e
d
.
4
.
5
.
2
.
P
illa
r
2
:
d
is
cipli
ned sel
f
-
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
o
m
ak
e
s
elf
-
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
r
ath
er
th
an
asp
ir
atio
n
al,
ev
er
y
teac
h
er
s
h
o
u
ld
c
o
m
p
lete
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
a
n
n
u
al
s
elf
-
ev
alu
at
io
n
u
s
in
g
co
n
cr
ete
r
ef
lectiv
e
p
r
o
m
p
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
m
p
ts
ar
e
d
el
ib
er
ately
f
r
am
ed
to
in
v
ite
ca
n
d
id
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
e
n
t
o
f
wea
k
n
ess
es
as
well
a
s
s
tr
en
g
th
s
,
in
lin
e
with
th
e
r
ef
lectiv
e
-
p
r
ac
tice
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eig
h
t
p
r
o
m
p
ts
,
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
esen
t
an
aly
s
is
an
d
th
at
liter
atu
r
e
,
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ad
o
p
tio
n
:
−
I
n
wh
ich
class
es th
is
s
em
ester
d
id
I
f
ee
l
m
y
ex
p
lan
atio
n
was
in
ad
eq
u
ate,
a
n
d
wh
at
was m
is
s
in
g
?
−
Did
I
en
g
ag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
,
an
d
wh
at
ev
id
en
ce
(
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
,
atten
tio
n
,
an
d
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
)
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
m
y
ju
d
g
m
en
t?
−
Did
I
g
o
b
ey
o
n
d
t
h
e
s
y
llab
u
s
,
an
d
o
n
wh
ich
to
p
ics
am
I
s
ti
ll
teac
h
in
g
f
r
o
m
n
o
tes
I
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
m
y
o
wn
s
tu
d
en
t y
ea
r
s
?
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
8
4
0
-
2
8
5
1
2848
−
W
h
o
s
e
s
u
s
tain
ed
ac
ad
em
ic
t
r
ajec
to
r
y
am
o
n
g
m
y
f
o
r
m
er
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ef
lects
s
o
m
et
h
in
g
I
t
au
g
h
t
well,
an
d
wh
at
was it?
−
W
h
er
e
d
id
m
y
class
r
o
o
m
b
eh
av
io
r
d
i
v
er
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
n
d
u
ct
I
e
x
p
ec
t
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
(
p
u
n
ctu
ality
,
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
an
d
civ
ilit
y
)
?
−
Did
I
im
p
o
r
t
an
y
n
o
n
-
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
id
en
tity
(
r
eg
io
n
al,
p
o
liti
ca
l,
an
d
r
elig
io
u
s
)
in
to
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
th
is
ter
m
,
an
d
with
wh
at
ef
f
ec
t o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
?
−
W
h
ich
s
tu
d
en
t f
ee
d
b
ac
k
th
em
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
y
ea
r
’
s
ev
alu
atio
n
s
u
r
p
r
is
ed
m
e,
an
d
h
o
w
d
o
I
p
lan
to
ad
d
r
ess
it?
−
W
h
ich
b
o
o
k
o
r
a
r
ticle
in
m
y
d
is
cip
lin
e
h
av
e
I
r
ea
d
in
th
e
p
ast s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
th
at
h
as c
h
a
n
g
ed
h
o
w
I
teac
h
?
T
h
ese
p
r
o
m
p
ts
m
ay
b
e
c
o
m
p
l
eted
in
wr
itin
g
an
d
r
etain
e
d
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
f
o
r
th
eir
o
wn
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
tal
u
s
e.
T
h
e
o
n
ly
m
an
d
ato
r
y
in
s
ti
tu
tio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
leted
f
o
r
m
,
n
o
t
th
e
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
o
f
its
co
n
te
n
t,
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
p
r
o
tect
th
e
ca
n
d
o
r
o
f
s
elf
-
r
ef
lectio
n
.
T
h
is
ar
r
a
n
g
e
m
en
t
p
r
eser
v
es
th
e
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
elf
-
ev
a
lu
atio
n
wh
ile
s
till
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
I
QAC
with
v
er
if
iab
le
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
co
m
p
lian
ce
f
o
r
ac
cr
e
d
itatio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
4
.
5
.
3
.
P
illa
r
3
:
s
t
ruct
ured
pe
er
re
v
iew
T
o
p
r
ev
e
n
t
p
ee
r
r
e
v
iew
f
r
o
m
b
ec
o
m
in
g
eith
e
r
a
cliq
u
e
-
b
a
s
ed
r
itu
al
o
r
a
p
u
n
itiv
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
af
eg
u
a
r
d
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
p
air
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
ass
ig
n
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
ts
r
ath
er
th
an
with
in
t
h
em
to
li
m
it
in
-
g
r
o
u
p
ef
f
e
cts.
E
ac
h
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew
cy
cle
s
h
o
u
l
d
in
cl
u
d
e
two
s
ch
ed
u
le
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
b
y
th
e
r
ev
iewe
r
,
s
ep
ar
ated
b
y
at
least
f
o
u
r
w
ee
k
s
,
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
class
r
o
o
m
p
r
ac
tice.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
llo
w
a
p
r
e
-
ag
r
ee
d
r
u
b
r
ic
co
v
er
in
g
f
o
u
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
clar
ity
o
f
ex
p
lan
atio
n
,
class
r
o
o
m
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t,
an
d
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
s
ess
io
n
co
n
ten
t
with
s
tated
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
R
ev
iewe
r
tr
ain
in
g
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
at
least
o
n
e
h
alf
-
d
ay
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
,
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
p
r
ec
o
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
p
ee
r
o
b
s
er
v
er
.
Feed
b
ac
k
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
tal
in
f
o
r
m
(
“two
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
,
o
n
e
g
r
o
wth
ar
ea
”)
r
ath
er
th
an
ev
alu
ativ
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
et
u
r
n
e
d
in
wr
itin
g
to
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
teac
h
er
with
in
s
ev
en
d
a
y
s
,
with
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
teac
h
er
’
s
r
ig
h
t
to
a
wr
itten
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
n
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
.
T
h
ese
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
co
llectiv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
b
ias
an
d
ar
b
itra
r
in
ess
th
at
h
a
v
e
h
is
to
r
ically
p
r
ev
en
ted
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew
f
r
o
m
g
ai
n
in
g
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
in
I
n
d
ian
c
o
lleg
es.
4
.
6
.
Rec
o
mm
enda
t
io
ns
f
o
r
I
Q
AC
co
o
rdina
t
o
rs
T
h
r
ee
co
n
cr
ete,
ac
tio
n
ab
le
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
llo
w
d
ir
e
ctly
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
an
aly
s
is
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
ar
e
o
f
f
e
r
ed
to
I
QAC
co
o
r
d
in
ato
r
s
at
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
c
o
lleg
es
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
E
ac
h
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
a
d
d
r
ess
es
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
icien
ci
es,
wh
ile
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
ad
v
an
cin
g
o
n
e
p
illar
o
f
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
m
o
d
el
s
et
o
u
t.
T
h
ey
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
e
o
r
d
er
in
wh
ich
t
h
ey
wo
u
ld
ty
p
ically
b
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
in
an
an
n
u
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
cy
cle
.
−
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
1
:
r
esch
ed
u
le
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
c
o
llectio
n
.
Mo
v
e
th
e
I
QAC
s
tu
d
en
t
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
cy
cle
to
th
e
p
er
io
d
af
ter
in
ter
n
al
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
ar
k
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
u
b
m
itted
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
e
x
am
in
atio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
m
in
im
izin
g
s
tr
ate
g
ic
s
tu
d
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Pu
b
lis
h
th
e
r
ev
is
ed
c
o
llectio
n
d
ate
in
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
ca
len
d
ar
at
th
e
s
tar
t
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
,
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
r
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
ag
g
r
e
g
ated
a
n
d
r
etu
r
n
e
d
to
t
ea
ch
er
s
with
in
f
o
u
r
wee
k
s
.
−
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
2
:
i
n
s
titu
te
m
an
d
ato
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
elf
-
ev
a
lu
atio
n
lo
g
s
.
Ad
o
p
t
th
e
eig
h
t
-
p
r
o
m
p
t
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
as
a
n
an
n
u
a
l
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t,
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
th
e
I
QAC
v
er
if
y
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
leted
f
o
r
m
(
b
u
t
n
o
t
its
co
n
ten
t)
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
etain
e
d
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
with
in
s
titu
tio
n
a
l a
cc
ess
lim
ited
to
s
u
m
m
ar
y
a
g
g
r
eg
ates th
at
p
r
o
tect
ca
n
d
o
r
.
−
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
3
:
i
m
p
lem
e
n
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
ee
r
-
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
cy
cles.
E
s
tab
li
s
h
an
n
u
al
cr
o
s
s
-
d
ep
ar
tm
en
tal
p
ee
r
-
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
p
ai
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
,
with
a
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
r
u
b
r
ic,
m
an
d
ato
r
y
o
b
s
er
v
er
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
a
f
ix
ed
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
tim
elin
e.
Peer
-
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
u
tp
u
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
f
ee
d
in
to
th
e
I
QAC’s
an
n
u
al
an
aly
tical
r
ep
o
r
t a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
f
ac
u
lty
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t p
lan
n
in
g
.
4
.
7
.
P
r
a
ct
ica
l i
m
pli
ca
t
io
ns
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
a
v
e
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
r
ee
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
Fo
r
teac
h
er
s
,
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
f
er
s
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
r
ath
er
th
an
p
u
n
itiv
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t:
ca
n
d
id
s
elf
-
ev
al
u
atio
n
,
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
p
ee
r
r
ev
i
ew,
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
ev
id
e
n
ce
b
ase
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ed
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
g
r
o
wth
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
I
QAC
f
r
o
m
a
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
co
llecto
r
i
n
to
a
n
an
aly
tical
n
o
d
e
th
at
d
eliv
e
r
s
ac
tio
n
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
to
f
ac
u
lty
with
in
f
ix
ed
tim
elin
es,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
y
ield
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
ac
cr
e
d
itatio
n
-
r
elate
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i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
Fo
r
p
o
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m
a
k
er
s
an
d
ac
c
r
ed
itatio
n
ag
en
cies,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
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v
alu
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n
m
o
d
el
o
p
er
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alize
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NE
P
2
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2
0
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s
o
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r
wis
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ab
s
tr
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ir
ec
tiv
es
o
n
o
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tco
m
e
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b
ased
ev
alu
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an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
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a
r
e
p
licab
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tem
p
late
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eg
io
n
al
im
p
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th
at
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o
es n
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t d
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o
n
th
e
r
eso
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r
ce
in
ten
s
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o
f
m
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o
p
o
litan
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
I
m
p
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I
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2252
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8
8
2
2
R
efra
min
g
tea
ch
er e
va
lu
a
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
er e
d
u
ca
tio
n
:
a
th
r
ee
-
p
illa
r
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fr
o
m
…
(
A
r
a
b
in
d
a
R
a
jk
h
o
w
a
)
2849
teac
h
in
g
q
u
ality
at
s
ca
le,
th
e
e
v
en
tu
al
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
tr
an
s
late
in
to
m
ea
s
u
r
a
b
le
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
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in
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
ak
en
to
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
u
r
th
er
r
ei
n
f
o
r
c
e
th
e
ca
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
m
o
d
el
as a
co
h
e
r
en
t,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
alter
n
ativ
e
to
th
e
p
r
ev
a
ilin
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s
in
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
e
d
I
QAC
-
m
ed
iated
teac
h
er
ev
alu
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n
in
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
ate
c
o
lleg
es
in
Ass
am
,
p
r
in
cip
ally
at
No
r
th
L
a
k
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i
m
p
u
r
C
o
lleg
e,
n
o
w
No
r
th
L
ak
h
im
p
u
r
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
two
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
em
p
ir
ical
an
aly
s
is
id
en
ti
f
ied
f
iv
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ef
icien
c
ies
in
s
in
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
:
r
itu
aliza
tio
n
,
wea
k
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
in
ter
n
al
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
th
e
r
ewa
r
d
i
n
g
o
f
af
f
a
b
ilit
y
o
v
er
p
ed
ag
o
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ical
ef
f
o
r
t,
a
n
d
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
s
.
I
t
also
y
ield
ed
a
cu
ltu
r
ally
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
f
i
v
ef
o
ld
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
g
o
o
d
teac
h
i
n
g
i
n
wh
ich
cu
ltu
r
ally
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
n
a
m
ely
th
e
tea
ch
er
’
s
p
u
b
lic
m
o
r
al
r
o
le
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
an
d
th
e
o
b
lig
atio
n
o
f
in
tellectu
al
life
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
s
y
llab
u
s
,
f
ea
t
u
r
e
al
o
n
g
s
id
e
d
is
cip
lin
e,
av
ailab
ilit
y
,
an
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ically
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
p
r
aise.
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
wer
e
tr
an
s
lated
in
t
o
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
th
r
ee
-
p
illar
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
r
ef
o
r
m
e
d
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
d
is
cip
lin
ed
teac
h
er
s
elf
-
ev
alu
at
io
n
,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew,
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
eig
h
t
s
elf
-
ev
alu
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n
p
r
o
m
p
ts
,
th
r
ee
I
QAC
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
an
d
co
n
cr
ete
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iew
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
es
e
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
s
is
b
o
t
h
e
m
p
ir
ica
l
a
n
d
p
r
ac
t
ic
al.
T
h
e
f
i
v
e
f
o
l
d
ta
x
o
n
o
m
y
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
cu
lt
u
r
all
y
d
is
ti
n
ct
iv
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
o
f
g
o
o
d
te
a
ch
i
n
g
th
at
p
r
e
-
s
t
r
u
c
tu
r
e
d
W
este
r
n
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
en
ts
r
o
u
t
in
el
y
m
is
s
a
n
d
t
h
a
t h
a
v
e
n
o
t p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
l
y
b
e
e
n
c
a
p
t
u
r
ed
at
th
e
d
is
t
r
ic
t
l
e
v
el
i
n
I
n
d
i
a
n
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
t
h
r
ee
-
p
ill
a
r
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
m
o
v
es
e
v
al
u
a
ti
o
n
d
is
c
o
u
r
s
e
f
r
o
m
g
e
n
e
r
a
liz
e
d
c
r
it
iq
u
e
t
o
a
t
este
d
,
r
e
p
li
ca
b
le
d
esi
g
n
th
a
t
tr
a
n
s
la
tes
t
h
e
ab
s
tr
ac
t
d
i
r
e
cti
v
es
o
f
N
E
P
2
0
2
0
i
n
t
o
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
ta
b
l
e
d
is
t
r
ic
t
-
le
v
el
r
o
u
ti
n
e
s
.
F
o
r
te
ac
h
e
r
s
,
t
h
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
en
t
al
r
at
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
p
u
n
i
ti
v
e
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t;
f
o
r
i
n
s
tit
u
t
i
o
n
s
,
it
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
es
t
h
e
I
QAC
f
r
o
m
a
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
c
o
ll
ec
to
r
in
t
o
a
n
a
n
al
y
t
ic
al
n
o
d
e
t
h
at
r
et
u
r
n
s
a
cti
o
n
a
b
l
e
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
wi
t
h
i
n
f
i
x
e
d
t
im
eli
n
es
;
a
n
d
f
o
r
p
o
li
c
y
m
ak
er
s
a
n
d
ac
c
r
e
d
it
ati
o
n
a
g
e
n
cies
,
i
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
r
e
p
li
ca
b
l
e
t
em
p
l
ate
f
o
r
r
e
g
i
o
n
al
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
t
h
a
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
e
p
e
n
d
o
n
m
et
r
o
p
o
l
ita
n
r
es
o
u
r
ce
l
e
v
els
.
I
Q
AC
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
to
r
s
,
co
lle
g
e
p
r
i
n
ci
p
a
l
s
,
an
d
a
cc
r
e
d
it
ati
o
n
b
o
d
ies
ca
n
b
eg
in
a
d
o
p
ti
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ati
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
ei
r
n
ex
t
an
n
u
al
c
y
cle
,
w
it
h
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
tea
c
h
i
n
g
q
u
ali
ty
e
x
p
e
ct
ed
u
lti
m
a
tel
y
t
o
t
r
a
n
s
l
ate
i
n
t
o
m
e
as
u
r
ab
le
g
ai
n
s
in
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
lea
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es
.
Sev
er
al
lim
itatio
n
s
q
u
alif
y
th
ese
claim
s
an
d
d
ef
in
e
th
e
ag
e
n
d
a
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
ev
id
en
ce
,
th
o
u
g
h
g
ath
e
r
ed
o
v
er
an
ex
t
en
d
ed
p
er
io
d
f
r
o
m
a
p
r
in
cip
al
s
ite
an
d
s
ev
er
al
o
th
er
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
r
em
ain
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
with
in
Ass
am
,
s
o
th
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
e
x
ten
d
ed
to
o
th
er
s
tates
an
d
to
co
m
p
a
r
ab
le
Glo
b
al
So
u
th
s
ettin
g
s
to
test
wh
eth
er
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
tr
av
els
in
tact
o
r
r
eq
u
ir
es
cu
ltu
r
ally
lo
ca
l
ad
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
-
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
d
esig
n
r
elies
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
th
at,
h
o
wev
er
well
tr
ia
n
g
u
lated
,
ca
n
n
o
t
b
y
th
em
s
elv
es
estab
lis
h
a
ca
u
s
al
lin
k
b
etwe
en
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
ti
ce
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es,
in
d
icatin
g
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
co
n
n
ec
t
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
teac
h
in
g
q
u
ality
to
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ate
tr
ajec
to
r
ies.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
es n
o
d
ir
e
ct
class
r
o
o
m
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
,
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
ed
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
test
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
iew
r
u
b
r
ic
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
tim
elin
es
in
p
r
ac
tice.
Fin
ally
,
s
in
ce
b
o
th
a
u
th
o
r
s
ar
e
f
ac
u
lty
at
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
r
esear
ch
s
ite,
in
s
id
er
b
ias
was
m
an
ag
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ef
lex
iv
ity
,
m
e
m
b
er
-
ch
ec
k
in
g
,
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
co
d
in
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ate
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f
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f
Ass
am
wh
o
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ir
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tly
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r
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tly
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p
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ted
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tu
d
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r
o
u
g
h
ac
a
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ic
d
is
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s
s
io
n
,
co
o
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atio
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d
en
c
o
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r
ag
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m
en
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T
h
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a
u
th
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s
also
s
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ce
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ely
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p
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ticip
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esear
ch
.
F
UNDING
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NF
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R
M
A
T
I
O
N
No
f
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is
in
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lv
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is
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d
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.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
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h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
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s
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e
C
o
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ib
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to
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R
o
les
T
a
x
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y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
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n
ize
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d
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th
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tio
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ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
.
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