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Resea
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)
Vo
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:
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ttp
:
//ij
ere.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Ba
la
ncing
supp
o
rt
a
nd
bu
reau
crac
y
:
the
ena
bling
–
co
nstra
ining
dy
na
mics
of
resea
rch
fu
nding
po
lici
es
in
a
P
hilippine
sta
te
univ
ersity
J
o
hn
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icha
el
D.
Aqu
ino
,
Ru
s
hid
Jay
S.
Sa
nco
n
C
o
l
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e
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Te
a
c
h
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u
c
a
t
i
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La
g
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n
a
S
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a
t
e
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y
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nfo
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ticle
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to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
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J
an
28
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2
0
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r
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ep
ted
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u
n
19
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6
Re
se
a
rc
h
fu
n
d
i
n
g
p
o
l
icie
s
h
a
s
a
c
rit
ica
l
ro
le
in
sh
a
p
i
n
g
re
se
a
rc
h
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
iv
it
y
a
n
d
g
o
v
e
rn
a
n
c
e
in
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
stit
u
ti
o
n
s
(HEIs).
Ho
we
v
e
r,
li
m
it
e
d
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
stu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
how
th
e
se
p
o
li
c
ies
a
re
e
x
p
e
r
ien
c
e
d
by
fa
c
u
lt
y
m
e
m
b
e
rs
a
n
d
a
d
m
in
istrat
o
rs,
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
in
sta
te
u
n
iv
e
rsit
ies
with
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
y
c
o
n
tex
ts.
T
h
is
stu
d
y
e
x
p
l
o
re
s
th
e
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
of
re
se
a
rc
h
fu
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
a
ss
istan
c
e
g
u
i
d
e
li
n
e
s
in
a
P
h
il
i
p
p
in
e
sta
te
u
n
i
v
e
rsity
u
sin
g
a
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
.
Da
ta
we
re
c
o
ll
e
c
ted
fro
m
34
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
n
ts
(
1
5
a
d
m
in
istrato
r
s
a
n
d
19
fa
c
u
lt
y
m
e
m
b
e
rs)
th
ro
u
g
h
se
m
i
-
stru
c
tu
re
d
in
ter
v
iew
s
a
n
d
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
we
re
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
.
T
h
e
fi
n
d
in
g
s
re
v
e
a
l
an
e
n
a
b
li
n
g
–
c
o
n
stra
i
n
in
g
d
y
n
a
m
ic
in
th
e
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
of
re
se
a
rc
h
fu
n
d
i
n
g
p
o
li
c
ies
.
In
st
it
u
t
io
n
a
l
su
p
p
o
rt,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
fu
n
d
in
g
,
in
c
e
n
ti
v
e
s,
a
n
d
str
u
c
tu
r
e
d
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s,
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
fa
c
u
lt
y
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
,
re
se
a
rc
h
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
a
n
d
p
lan
n
i
n
g
q
u
a
li
t
y
.
C
o
n
v
e
rse
ly
,
b
u
re
a
u
c
ra
ti
c
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
,
p
ro
c
e
d
u
ra
l
ri
g
id
it
y
,
a
n
d
d
e
lay
s
in
fu
n
d
re
lea
se
c
o
n
stra
i
n
e
fficie
n
c
y
,
li
m
it
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
d
isc
o
u
ra
g
e
su
sta
in
e
d
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
An
c
h
o
re
d
in
se
lf
-
d
e
term
in
a
ti
o
n
t
h
e
o
ry
(
S
DT)
a
n
d
stru
c
tu
ra
ti
o
n
t
h
e
o
ry
,
th
e
stu
d
y
d
e
m
o
n
stra
tes
h
o
w
re
se
a
rc
h
fu
n
d
i
n
g
p
o
li
c
ies
sim
u
lt
a
n
e
o
u
sl
y
in
flu
e
n
c
e
fa
c
u
lt
y
m
o
ti
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
re
sh
a
p
e
d
by
in
st
it
u
t
io
n
a
l
stru
c
tu
re
s.
Th
e
s
e
fin
d
i
n
g
s
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
stre
a
m
li
n
e
d
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s,
c
o
n
siste
n
t
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
fa
c
u
lt
y
-
c
e
n
tere
d
s
u
p
p
o
rt
sy
ste
m
s.
Th
e
st
u
d
y
c
o
n
tri
b
u
tes
to
th
e
l
it
e
ra
tu
re
by
p
ro
v
id
i
n
g
e
m
p
ir
ica
l
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
of
th
e
e
n
a
b
li
n
g
–
c
o
n
stra
in
i
n
g
p
a
ra
d
o
x
of
re
se
a
rc
h
fu
n
d
in
g
p
o
li
c
ies
a
n
d
o
ffe
rs
in
sig
h
ts
fo
r
imp
r
o
v
i
n
g
re
se
a
rc
h
g
o
v
e
r
n
a
n
c
e
in
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Aca
d
em
ic
b
u
r
ea
u
cr
ac
y
Facu
lty
ex
p
er
ien
ce
Hig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licy
Ph
en
o
m
en
o
l
o
g
y
R
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
T
h
is
is
an
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC
BY
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
J
o
h
n
Mic
h
ae
l
D.
Aq
u
i
n
o
C
o
lleg
e
of
T
ea
ch
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
L
ag
u
n
a
State
Po
ly
tech
n
ic
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
B
r
g
y
.
B
u
b
u
k
al,
San
ta
C
r
u
z,
L
ag
u
n
a
,
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
E
m
ail:
aq
u
in
o
.
jm
d
@
p
n
u
.
ed
u
.
p
h
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
x
p
er
ien
tial
in
s
ig
h
ts
ar
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
te
ac
h
er
s
en
g
ag
e
with
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
[
1
]
.
T
h
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
allo
w
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
to
r
ef
lect
on
th
eir
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
er
v
ices,
in
clu
d
in
g
how
p
o
licies
ar
e
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
in
r
ea
l
co
n
tex
ts
[
2
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
c
h
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ar
e
ab
le
to
ass
ess
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
id
en
tif
y
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t,
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
s
er
v
ice
d
eliv
e
r
y
[
3
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
e
x
p
er
ien
tial
p
er
s
p
e
ctiv
es
can
be
u
s
ed
to
ex
am
i
n
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
tr
en
d
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
co
n
tin
u
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
er
tim
e
[
4
]
.
In
th
e
co
n
tex
t
of
r
esear
c
h
p
o
licy
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
,
th
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
ar
e
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
as
th
ey
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
of
h
o
w
f
ac
u
lty
n
av
ig
ate
r
esear
ch
-
r
elate
d
g
u
id
elin
es
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
[
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
a
la
n
cin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
b
u
r
ea
u
cra
cy
:
th
e
en
a
b
lin
g
–
co
n
s
tr
a
i
n
in
g
d
y
n
a
mics o
f
… (
Jo
h
n
Mi
ch
a
el
D.
A
q
u
in
o
)
2751
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
s
s
er
v
e
as
f
o
r
m
al
g
u
id
es
th
at
o
u
tlin
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
r
esear
ch
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
[
6
]
.
T
h
ese
m
an
u
als
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
on
d
ata
co
llectio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
at
can
be
u
s
ed
in
s
c
h
o
lar
ly
wo
r
k
[
7
]
.
T
h
ey
also
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
eth
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
of
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
an
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
d
ata
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
p
r
ac
tices
[
8
]
.
As
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
,
r
esear
ch
m
a
n
u
als
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
itial
s
tag
es
of
p
lan
n
in
g
to
th
e
f
in
al
s
tag
es
of
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
[
9
]
.
In
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
th
e
y
h
elp
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
itie
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
a
s
y
s
tem
atic,
co
n
s
is
ten
t,
an
d
r
eliab
le
m
an
n
er
[
1
0
]
.
R
esear
ch
is
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
a
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
f
u
n
ctio
n
of
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
(
HE
I
s
)
an
d
a
k
ey
d
r
i
v
er
of
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
1
1
]
.
Un
iv
er
s
ities
th
er
ef
o
r
e
e
s
tab
lis
h
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
o
licies
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
e
p
o
licies
ar
e
o
f
ten
em
b
ed
d
e
d
with
in
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
als,
wh
ich
r
e
g
u
late
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
c
ess
es,
f
u
n
d
in
g
allo
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
W
h
ile
s
u
ch
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
es
ar
e
d
esig
n
e
d
to
en
h
an
ce
r
esear
ch
q
u
ality
an
d
a
cc
o
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
th
eir
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
m
a
y
v
ar
y
ac
r
o
s
s
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
an
d
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
em
p
h
asized
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
o
le
of
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
in
s
h
ap
in
g
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
ty
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
2
]
–
[
1
4
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
em
er
g
i
n
g
ev
id
en
ce
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
b
u
r
ea
u
c
r
atic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
an
d
p
o
li
cy
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
g
ap
s
can
co
n
s
tr
ain
r
esear
ch
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
an
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
r
esear
c
h
p
o
licies
d
ep
e
n
d
s
not
o
n
ly
on
th
eir
d
esig
n
but
also
on
how
th
ey
a
r
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
with
i
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
te
x
ts
.
Desp
ite
th
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
lim
ited
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
am
in
ed
how
th
ese
p
o
licies
ar
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
by
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
with
in
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
y
co
n
te
x
ts
.
E
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
h
as
lar
g
ely
f
o
c
u
s
ed
on
r
esear
ch
o
u
t
p
u
ts
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
m
etr
ics,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
with
less
atten
tio
n
g
iv
en
to
th
e
liv
e
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
of
th
o
s
e
wh
o
d
ir
e
ctly
en
g
ag
e
with
r
esear
ch
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
g
ap
is
cr
itical,
as
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
lici
es
ar
e
not
m
er
ely
ad
m
in
is
tr
ati
v
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
but
o
p
er
ate
as
d
y
n
am
ic
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
th
at
m
ay
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
en
ab
le
r
esear
ch
en
g
ag
em
en
t
wh
ile
co
n
s
tr
ain
in
g
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
u
r
ea
u
c
r
atic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
E
m
er
g
in
g
e
v
id
en
ce
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
r
esear
ch
p
o
licies
ex
er
t
a
d
u
al
in
f
lu
en
ce
on
f
ac
u
lty
en
g
ag
em
en
t
.
On
one
h
an
d
,
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
can
en
h
a
n
ce
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
esear
ch
p
lan
n
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
in
c
r
ea
s
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
r
ig
id
ity
,
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
d
elay
s
,
an
d
c
o
m
p
lex
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
m
ay
h
in
d
er
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
d
is
co
u
r
ag
e
f
ac
u
lty
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
e
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
not
s
u
f
f
icien
tl
y
ex
p
lain
ed
how
th
is
en
ab
lin
g
–
co
n
s
tr
ain
in
g
d
y
n
am
ic
is
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
a
n
d
n
eg
o
tiated
by
f
ac
u
lty
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
in
ac
tu
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
In
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
is
g
ap
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
of
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
in
im
p
lem
en
ti
n
g
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
in
a
Ph
ilip
p
in
e
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
Usi
n
g
a
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
it
e
x
am
in
es
th
e
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
a
d
v
an
tag
es
a
n
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
of
th
ese
g
u
id
elin
es,
th
eir
im
p
lem
en
tat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
an
d
th
eir
im
p
ac
t
on
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ee
p
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
how
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
s
h
ap
e
r
esear
ch
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
more
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
r
esear
c
h
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
by
f
o
cu
s
in
g
on
liv
e
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
in
t
h
r
ee
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
w
ay
s
.
First,
it
ad
o
p
ts
a
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
liv
e
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
of
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
in
n
av
ig
atin
g
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
o
licies.
Seco
n
d
,
it
ex
am
in
es
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
o
licy
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
len
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
h
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
s
h
ap
e
r
esear
ch
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
ir
d
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
em
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
of
th
e
d
u
al
e
f
f
ec
t
of
r
esear
ch
p
o
licies,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
h
o
w
th
ey
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
e
n
ab
lin
g
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
with
in
HE
I
s
.
To
f
u
r
th
er
e
x
am
in
e
t
h
ese
d
y
n
am
ics,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
f
r
a
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
o
n
ce
p
t
u
al
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
v
iews
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
ta
n
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
as
b
o
th
en
ab
lin
g
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
with
in
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
cu
s
es
on
t
h
r
ee
k
e
y
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
:
i
)
t
h
e
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
ad
v
an
tag
es
a
n
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
of
th
e
g
u
i
d
elin
es
;
ii
)
f
ac
u
lty
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
’
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
in
th
eir
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
;
a
n
d
iii
)
th
eir
im
p
ac
t
on
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
ese
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
r
ef
lect
th
e
co
r
e
ar
ea
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
s
h
ap
e
r
esear
ch
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
an
ch
o
r
ed
on
s
elf
-
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
(
SDT)
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
t
h
eo
r
y
,
wh
ic
h
to
g
eth
e
r
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
len
s
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
SDT
ex
p
lain
s
h
o
w
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
f
l
u
en
c
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
ter
m
s
of
au
to
n
o
m
y
,
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
,
an
d
en
g
ag
em
en
t.
In
co
n
tr
ast,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
ex
p
lain
s
how
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
u
les,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
an
d
p
o
licies
b
o
th
e
n
ab
le
a
n
d
co
n
s
t
r
ain
f
ac
u
lty
ac
tio
n
s
with
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
y
s
tem
.
In
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
ese
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
ar
e
not
tr
e
ated
as
p
a
r
allel
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
but
as
c
o
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
an
aly
tical
len
s
es.
SDT
is
u
s
e
d
to
ex
p
lain
how
in
s
titu
tio
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
s
h
ap
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
7
5
0
-
2
7
6
3
2752
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
ities
,
wh
ile
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
is
a
p
p
lie
d
to
ex
am
in
e
how
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
u
les
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
b
o
th
s
h
ap
e
an
d
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
by
f
ac
u
lty
ac
tio
n
s
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
g
u
id
e
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
of
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
by
lin
k
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
with
b
r
o
ad
e
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
T
h
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es
n
o
t
m
er
ely
as
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
to
o
ls
but
as
d
y
n
am
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
th
at
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
en
ab
le
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
late
r
esear
c
h
p
r
ac
tices.
It
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
b
asis
f
o
r
a
n
aly
zin
g
h
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
in
f
lu
en
c
e
f
ac
u
lty
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
r
esear
ch
q
u
ality
,
an
d
o
v
e
r
all
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
in
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
ettin
g
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
l
o
y
ed
a
q
u
alitativ
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
lo
g
ical
d
esig
n
to
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
liv
ed
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
of
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
[
1
7
]
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
(
tr
a
n
s
ce
n
d
en
tal)
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
lo
g
ic
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ad
o
p
te
d
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
ess
en
ce
of
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
f
r
o
m
th
eir
o
wn
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ap
p
lied
b
r
a
ck
etin
g
(
e
p
o
ch
é)
to
m
in
im
ize
p
r
ec
o
n
ce
iv
ed
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
allo
w
m
ea
n
in
g
s
to
em
er
g
e
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
t
n
ar
r
ativ
es
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
a
b
led
an
in
-
d
ep
th
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
of
h
o
w
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
p
er
ce
iv
e
a
n
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
p
o
licies
in
p
r
ac
tice.
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h pa
rt
icipa
nts
Pu
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
was
u
t
ilized
to
s
elec
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
with
d
ir
ec
t
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
in
r
esear
ch
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
ed
3
4
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
1
5
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
1
9
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
em
b
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
ll
eg
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
b
r
o
ad
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
v
ar
ied
i
n
ag
e
,
ac
ad
em
ic
r
an
k
,
y
ea
r
s
o
f
s
er
v
ic
e,
an
d
r
esear
ch
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
r
ef
lectin
g
a
d
iv
er
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
Mo
s
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
h
eld
d
o
cto
r
al
d
eg
r
e
es,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
h
ad
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
r
d
o
cto
r
al
u
n
its
.
T
h
eir
r
esear
ch
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
in
clu
d
ed
p
u
b
licatio
n
,
p
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
i
n
f
u
n
d
e
d
p
r
o
jects,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
b
asis
f
o
r
ex
am
in
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
ee
m
ed
s
u
f
f
icien
t
as
it
en
ab
le
d
b
o
th
d
ep
th
an
d
d
i
v
er
s
ity
o
f
p
er
s
p
ec
t
iv
es
ac
r
o
s
s
f
ac
u
lty
a
n
d
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
r
o
les.
Data
s
atu
r
atio
n
was
ac
h
iev
ed
wh
en
n
o
n
ew
th
em
es
o
r
in
s
ig
h
ts
em
er
g
ed
f
r
o
m
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
in
t
er
v
iews,
in
d
icatin
g
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
f
o
r
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
tu
d
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
l
v
ed
3
4
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
1
5
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
1
9
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
co
lleg
es,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
b
r
o
ad
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
.
Par
ticip
a
n
ts
v
a
r
ied
in
a
g
e,
ac
ad
em
ic
r
an
k
,
y
e
ar
s
o
f
s
er
v
ice,
an
d
r
esear
ch
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
,
r
ef
lectin
g
d
iv
er
s
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
r
esear
ch
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
Mo
s
t
p
ar
t
icip
an
ts
h
eld
d
o
cto
r
al
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
wh
ile
o
th
e
r
s
h
ad
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
r
d
o
cto
r
al
u
n
its
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
s
am
p
le
ca
p
tu
r
ed
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
ea
r
ly
-
ca
r
ee
r
to
s
en
io
r
ac
ad
em
ics,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
b
o
th
d
e
p
th
an
d
v
ar
iat
io
n
in
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
r
elev
an
t to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
a
t
io
n
Data
wer
e
co
llected
u
s
in
g
a
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iew
g
u
id
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
elicit
in
-
d
e
p
th
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
with
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
wen
t
p
ilo
t
test
in
g
to
r
ef
in
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
clar
ity
,
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
e
alig
n
m
en
t
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
b
jectiv
es
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
C
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
atio
n
was
also
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
r
el
iab
ilit
y
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
n
ess
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
in
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
r
elev
an
t
d
ata
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
4
.
Resea
rc
h pro
ce
du
re
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
Data
wer
e
g
ath
er
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
in
-
d
e
p
th
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
in
ter
v
iews
with
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
ac
tiv
ely
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
ese
in
ter
v
iews
en
ab
led
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es
[
2
4
]
.
Do
c
u
m
en
tar
y
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
was
also
co
n
d
u
cted
to
c
o
n
tex
tu
alize
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
d
ata
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
[
2
5
]
.
Data
an
aly
s
is
f
o
llo
wed
a
s
y
s
t
em
atic
th
em
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
n
t
er
v
iew
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
wer
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
o
p
en
co
d
in
g
t
o
id
en
tif
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
tatem
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
co
d
es
wer
e
th
en
g
r
o
u
p
e
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
ax
ial
co
d
in
g
to
estab
lis
h
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
elec
tiv
e
co
d
in
g
to
g
en
er
ate
o
v
er
ar
c
h
in
g
t
h
em
es
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
an
aly
tic
r
ig
o
r
,
co
d
in
g
was
co
n
d
u
cted
iter
ativ
ely
u
s
in
g
co
n
s
tan
t
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
ac
r
o
s
s
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
to
r
ef
in
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
E
m
er
g
in
g
th
em
e
s
wer
e
f
u
r
th
er
r
e
v
iewe
d
an
d
v
alid
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ee
r
d
eb
r
ief
in
g
to
m
in
im
iz
e
r
esear
ch
er
b
ias an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
a
la
n
cin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
b
u
r
ea
u
cra
cy
:
th
e
en
a
b
lin
g
–
co
n
s
tr
a
i
n
in
g
d
y
n
a
mics o
f
… (
Jo
h
n
Mi
ch
a
el
D.
A
q
u
in
o
)
2753
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
tr
u
s
two
r
th
i
n
ess
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ap
p
lied
estab
lis
h
ed
q
u
alitativ
e
r
ig
o
r
cr
iter
ia.
C
r
ed
i
b
ilit
y
was
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
em
b
er
ch
e
ck
in
g
an
d
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
o
f
in
te
r
v
iew
an
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tar
y
d
ata.
T
r
an
s
f
er
ab
ilit
y
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ich
c
o
n
te
x
tu
al
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
,
w
h
ile
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
was
en
s
u
r
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
au
d
it
tr
ail
o
f
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
an
d
an
al
y
tic
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
a
b
ilit
y
was
s
tr
en
g
th
en
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
e
f
lex
iv
e
jo
u
r
n
alin
g
an
d
p
ee
r
r
ev
iew
o
f
c
o
d
in
g
an
d
t
h
em
atic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
2
.
5
.
E
t
hica
l c
o
ns
idera
t
io
n
E
th
ical
p
r
o
to
co
ls
wer
e
s
tr
ictly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
p
r
i
o
r
to
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
I
n
ter
v
iews
wer
e
au
d
io
-
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
with
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
tr
a
n
s
cr
ib
ed
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
is
.
C
o
n
f
id
en
tiality
an
d
an
o
n
y
m
it
y
wer
e
en
s
u
r
ed
b
y
r
em
o
v
in
g
id
en
tifia
b
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
All
d
ata
wer
e
s
ec
u
r
ely
s
to
r
ed
an
d
u
s
ed
s
o
lely
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
tr
ea
ted
with
r
esp
ec
t,
an
d
th
eir
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
wer
e
ac
cu
r
ately
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
with
o
u
t b
ias.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
s
’
p
r
o
f
ile
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
7
5
0
-
2
7
6
3
2754
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
th
em
atic
m
ap
p
in
g
of
q
u
alitativ
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
on
th
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
of
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
m
an
u
al
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
on
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
em
atic
m
ap
p
in
g
3
.
1
.
I
ns
t
it
utio
na
l su
pp
o
rt
a
s
a
ca
t
a
l
y
s
t
f
o
r
re
s
ea
rc
h e
ng
a
g
em
ent
T
h
is
th
em
e
ca
p
tu
r
es
h
o
w
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
p
er
ce
iv
e
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
i
d
elin
es
as
a
ce
n
tr
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
th
at
en
ab
les,
s
u
s
tain
s
,
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
es
r
esear
c
h
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
Acr
o
s
s
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
v
iewe
d
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
n
o
t
m
er
el
y
as
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
b
u
t
a
s
a
m
an
if
estatio
n
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
co
m
m
itm
en
t
t
o
r
esear
ch
.
I
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
,
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ass
is
tan
ce
,
was id
en
tifie
d
as a
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
in
lo
wer
i
n
g
b
ar
r
ier
s
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
3
.
1
.
1
.
F
ina
ncia
l a
s
s
is
t
a
nce
a
s
a
re
s
ea
rc
h e
na
bler
Fin
an
cia
l a
s
s
is
ta
n
ce
em
e
r
g
ed
a
s
a
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
d
im
e
n
s
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
s
tit
u
ti
o
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Pa
r
ti
ci
p
a
n
ts
e
m
p
h
asiz
ed
th
a
t
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
r
e
d
u
c
es
t
h
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
f
in
an
ci
al
b
u
r
d
en
ass
o
c
ia
ted
wi
th
c
o
n
d
u
cti
n
g
r
ese
a
r
c
h
.
As
n
o
te
d
b
y
o
n
e
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
a
n
t
(
F
ac
u
lt
y
3
)
,
“
T
h
er
e
is
mo
n
et
a
r
y
a
s
s
is
ta
n
c
e
p
r
o
vid
e
d
b
y
R
DO
,
”
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
th
e
a
cc
ess
ib
ili
ty
o
f
in
s
t
it
u
ti
o
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
.
Si
m
i
la
r
l
y
,
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
p
a
r
t
ici
p
a
n
t
(
F
ac
u
l
ty
1
3
)
e
x
p
la
in
e
d
t
h
a
t
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
“
…wo
u
l
d
h
el
p
ea
s
e
t
h
e
fin
a
n
ci
a
l
b
u
r
d
en
o
f
t
h
e
r
ese
a
r
c
h
,
”
p
ar
t
ic
u
l
ar
l
y
i
n
c
o
v
er
in
g
e
x
p
e
n
s
es
r
el
ate
d
t
o
d
a
ta
c
o
ll
ec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
m
at
er
i
als
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
a
la
n
cin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
b
u
r
ea
u
cra
cy
:
th
e
en
a
b
lin
g
–
co
n
s
tr
a
i
n
in
g
d
y
n
a
mics o
f
… (
Jo
h
n
Mi
ch
a
el
D.
A
q
u
in
o
)
2755
Par
ticip
an
ts
also
ass
o
ciate
d
f
in
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
with
r
esear
ch
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
.
A
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
em
b
e
r
(
Facu
lty
1
0
)
s
h
ar
ed
th
at
f
u
n
d
in
g
“
…a
s
s
u
r
ed
th
a
t
I
d
o
n
’
t
h
a
v
e
to
c
a
r
r
y
a
ll
th
e
fi
n
a
n
cia
l
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
f
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
.
”
Fro
m
t
h
e
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ativ
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
(
Ad
m
in
1
)
,
“
fu
n
d
in
g
mec
h
a
n
is
ms
en
a
b
le
p
a
r
ticip
a
tio
n
in
co
n
feren
ce
s
a
n
d
r
esea
r
ch
-
r
ela
ted
a
ctivities
.
”
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
f
in
an
cial
ass
i
s
t
an
ce
is
p
er
ce
iv
ed
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
t f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
r
esear
ch
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
3
.
1
.
2
.
M
o
t
iv
a
t
io
n
a
nd
m
o
ra
l
e
bo
o
s
t
ing
Par
ticip
an
ts
d
escr
ib
ed
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
as
a
s
tr
o
n
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
th
at
en
h
an
ce
s
m
o
r
ale
an
d
en
co
u
r
a
g
es
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
1
)
s
tated
,
“
It
mo
tiva
tes
fa
cu
lty
to
co
n
d
u
ct
r
esea
r
ch
,
”
wh
ile
an
o
th
er
(
Facu
lty
1
4
)
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
“
…h
el
p
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
mo
r
a
le
of
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
er
.
”
Fro
m
th
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
i
n
ce
n
tiv
es
wer
e
also
v
iewe
d
as
en
co
u
r
a
g
in
g
r
esear
ch
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
On
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
(
Ad
m
in
4
)
s
h
ar
e
d
th
at
“
it
mo
tiva
tes
us
if
th
ere
is
mo
n
eta
r
y
in
ce
n
tives
,
”
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
r
o
le
of
in
ce
n
tiv
es
in
s
u
s
tain
in
g
f
ac
u
l
ty
in
ter
est.
T
h
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esear
ch
clim
ate
by
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
co
n
f
id
en
ce
an
d
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
to
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
ities
.
3
.
1
.
3
.
Su
pp
o
rt
f
o
r
ea
rly
-
ca
re
er
a
nd
no
v
ice
re
s
ea
rc
hers
Par
ticip
an
ts
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
g
u
id
elin
es
ar
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
b
en
e
f
icial
f
o
r
ea
r
ly
-
c
ar
ee
r
an
d
n
o
v
ice
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
1
7
)
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
“
…h
elp
ea
r
ly
-
ca
r
ee
r
r
esea
r
ch
ers
b
eg
in
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
r
esea
r
ch
w
ith
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
of
th
e
u
n
ivers
ity
,
”
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ir
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
An
o
th
er
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
Facu
lty
1
8
)
n
o
ted
th
at
“
…h
a
vin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
g
u
id
elin
es
h
elp
s
fa
cu
lty
u
n
d
ers
ta
n
d
w
h
a
t
fu
n
d
in
g
is
a
va
ila
b
le
and
how
to
a
cc
ess
it
,
”
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
clar
ity
in
p
o
li
cy
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
b
u
ild
in
g
r
esear
ch
ca
p
ac
ity
am
o
n
g
em
e
r
g
in
g
s
ch
o
lar
s
.
3
.
2
.
T
ra
ns
pa
re
ncy
,
f
a
irness
,
a
nd
a
cc
o
un
t
a
bil
it
y
in
re
s
ea
rc
h
f
un
din
g
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
how
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
an
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
p
er
c
eiv
e
th
e
r
esear
c
h
m
a
n
u
al
as
a
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
of
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
g
u
i
d
elin
es
as
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
cla
r
ity
a
n
d
o
r
d
er
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
h
elp
in
g
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ar
e
not
a
r
b
itra
r
y
but
an
c
h
o
r
e
d
on
clea
r
ly
d
ef
in
e
d
cr
iter
ia
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Clea
r
a
nd
t
ra
ns
pa
re
nt
pro
ce
du
re
s
Par
ticip
an
ts
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
id
en
t
if
ied
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
as
a
k
e
y
s
tr
en
g
th
of
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
4
)
s
tated
th
at
“
…th
e
g
u
id
elin
e
s
en
s
u
r
e
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
co
n
s
is
t
en
cy
,
a
n
d
fa
ir
n
ess
in
fu
n
d
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
”
A
n
o
th
e
r
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
Facu
lty
1
5
)
em
p
h
asized
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
“
c
r
ea
te
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
en
cy
and
a
cc
o
u
n
t
a
b
ilit
y
,
”
r
ef
lectin
g
tr
u
s
t
in
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
ed
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
in
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
.
On
e
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
(
Ad
m
i
n
1
0
)
e
x
p
lain
ed
th
at
“
…c
lea
r
and
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
en
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
en
s
u
r
e
fa
ir
n
ess
and
a
cc
o
u
n
t
a
b
ilit
y
in
fu
n
d
u
ti
liz
a
tio
n
,
”
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
3
.
2
.
2
.
F
a
ir
a
nd
m
er
i
t
-
ba
s
ed
a
llo
ca
t
io
n
Par
ticip
an
ts
p
er
ce
iv
ed
th
e
g
u
i
d
elin
es
as
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
f
air
n
ess
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
cr
iter
ia.
A
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
3
)
n
o
ted
th
a
t
“
…e
ve
r
yo
n
e
ma
y
h
a
ve
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
en
jo
y
th
e
fu
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
a
s
s
is
ta
n
ce
b
ein
g
p
r
o
vid
ed
,
”
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
in
clu
s
iv
ity
.
An
o
th
e
r
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
(
Facu
lty
1
9
)
em
p
h
asized
th
at
“
…th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
o
c
u
men
ts
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
a
r
e
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
iz
ed
,
p
r
o
vid
in
g
a
c
o
mmo
n
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
ev
e
r
yo
n
e
.
”
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
a
m
er
it
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
wh
er
e
f
u
n
d
in
g
a
cc
ess
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
by
co
m
p
lian
ce
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
q
u
ality
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
Acc
o
un
t
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
qu
a
lity
co
ntr
o
l
Acc
o
u
n
tab
ilit
y
em
er
g
ed
as
an
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
of
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es.
Par
ticip
an
ts
e
m
p
h
asized
th
at
th
e
m
an
u
al
estab
lis
h
es
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
,
eth
ical
co
m
p
lian
ce
,
an
d
d
eliv
er
ab
les.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
1
9
)
n
o
ted
th
at
“
…th
e
ma
n
u
a
l
esta
b
lis
h
es
clea
r
ex
p
ec
ta
tio
n
s
f
o
r
fin
a
n
ci
a
l
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
,
eth
ica
l
co
mp
lia
n
ce
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
ject
d
elive
r
a
b
les
.
”
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
(
Ad
m
in
4
)
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
th
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
by
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
at
“
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
p
r
o
mo
te
p
r
o
p
er
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
z
a
tio
n
and
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
ica
l
r
ig
o
r
.
”
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
en
h
an
ce
r
esear
ch
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
.
3
.
3
.
Adm
ini
s
t
ra
t
iv
e
ri
g
o
r
a
n
d
pro
ce
du
ra
l
co
ns
t
ra
ints
T
h
is
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
ten
s
io
n
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
as
th
ey
n
av
ig
ate
th
e
h
ig
h
ly
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es.
W
h
ile
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
of
f
o
r
m
al
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
an
d
ac
c
o
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
m
an
y
ex
p
r
ess
ed
th
at
th
e
lev
el
of
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
r
ig
o
r
h
as
in
ad
v
er
ten
tly
cr
ea
ted
b
a
r
r
ier
s
to
ef
f
icien
t
r
esear
ch
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
how
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
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2
7
5
0
-
2
7
6
3
2756
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
b
u
r
ea
u
cr
atic
lay
e
r
s
,
an
d
r
ig
i
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
s
h
ap
e
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
wh
ich
was
o
f
ten
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
in
t
o
s
o
u
r
ce
s
of
f
r
u
s
tr
atio
n
r
ath
er
th
an
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
.
3
.
3
.
1
.
L
eng
t
hy
a
nd
bu
re
a
ucra
t
ic
pro
ce
s
s
es
Desp
ite
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
p
o
s
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
es.
A
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
e
r
(
Facu
lty
5
)
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
“
…to
o
lo
n
g
of
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
”
r
ef
lectin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
f
atig
u
e
.
An
o
th
e
r
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
Facu
lty
6
)
u
s
ed
a
m
etap
h
o
r
,
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
as
“
…like
a
h
o
r
r
o
r
s
to
r
yb
o
o
k
but
th
e
co
ve
r
is
d
ec
o
r
a
ted
w
ith
u
n
ico
r
n
s
and
r
a
in
b
o
w
s
,
”
illu
s
tr
atin
g
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ast
b
etwe
en
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
ac
t
u
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
in
d
ica
te
th
at
ex
c
ess
iv
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
c
r
ea
te
b
ar
r
ier
s
th
at
af
f
ec
t
e
f
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
e
r
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
3
.
3
.
2
.
Dela
y
s
in
f
un
d
a
pp
ro
v
a
l
a
nd
re
lea
s
e
Par
ticip
an
ts
id
en
tifie
d
d
elay
s
in
f
u
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
v
al
an
d
r
elea
s
e
as
a
m
ajo
r
co
n
s
tr
ain
t.
O
n
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lt
y
4
)
n
o
te
d
“
…
time
-
co
n
s
u
min
g
d
o
cu
men
ta
tio
n
a
n
d
d
ela
ys
in
fu
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
va
l
or
r
elea
s
e
,
”
wh
ile
an
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
(
Ad
m
in
7
)
a
ck
n
o
wled
g
e
d
th
at
“
…t
h
e
r
elea
s
e
of
fu
n
d
in
g
ta
ke
s
time
.
”
T
h
ese
d
elay
s
d
is
r
u
p
t
r
esear
ch
tim
elin
es
an
d
,
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es,
r
eq
u
ir
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
to
u
s
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
f
u
n
d
s
to
co
n
tin
u
e
th
eir
p
r
o
jects,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
a
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
p
o
licy
in
ten
t
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
i
cien
cy
.
3
.
3
.
3
.
Rig
id
t
im
elines
a
nd
inflex
ibl
e
rul
es
Par
ticip
an
ts
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
r
ig
id
ity
of
tim
elin
es
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
r
u
les.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
(
Facu
lty
1
7
)
s
tated
th
at
“
…th
e
ex
is
tin
g
g
u
id
elin
es
a
r
e
to
o
s
tr
ict
and
not
fa
cu
lty
-
r
esea
r
ch
er
fr
ien
d
ly
,
”
in
d
icatin
g
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
with
r
esear
ch
r
ea
liti
es.
An
o
th
er
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
Facu
lty
1
7
)
ex
p
lai
n
ed
th
at
“
…even
if
a
p
p
r
o
ve
d
by
B
OR
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
a
ls
a
r
e
a
r
ch
ived
due
to
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
a
l
d
ela
ys
,
”
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
how
r
ig
id
co
m
p
lian
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
m
ay
d
is
co
u
r
a
g
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
af
f
ec
t
r
esear
ch
co
n
tin
u
ity
.
3
.
4
.
Str
uct
ured
but
s
lo
w
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
th
e
c
o
llectiv
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
wh
o
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
t
h
a
t
th
e
r
esear
c
h
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
ar
e
f
o
r
m
ally
o
r
g
a
n
ized
,
r
u
le
-
b
ased
,
an
d
alig
n
ed
with
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
y
et
o
p
er
atio
n
ally
s
lo
w
an
d
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
to
n
av
ig
ate.
Par
ticip
an
ts
g
en
er
ally
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
at
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
clea
r
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
;
h
o
w
ev
er
,
th
e
y
also
em
p
h
asized
t
h
at
th
e
r
ig
i
d
ity
an
d
lay
er
in
g
of
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
af
f
ec
t
th
e
p
ac
e
an
d
p
r
ac
ticality
of
r
esear
ch
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
illu
s
tr
ates
how
f
o
r
m
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
wh
ile
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ac
co
u
n
ta
b
ilit
y
,
can
u
n
in
ten
tio
n
all
y
im
p
ed
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
3
.
4
.
1
.
O
rg
a
nized
a
nd
s
y
s
t
ema
t
ic
pro
ce
s
s
es
Par
ticip
an
ts
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
at
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
f
o
llo
ws
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
alig
n
ed
w
ith
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
4
)
n
o
ted
th
at
“
…th
e
imp
leme
n
ta
t
io
n
at
th
e
u
n
ivers
ity
is
g
en
era
lly
s
ystema
tic
and
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
en
t
,
”
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
clea
r
ly
d
ef
in
e
d
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
f
o
llo
wed
.
Similar
ly
,
an
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
(
A
d
m
in
6
)
d
escr
ib
e
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
as
“
…
s
ystema
tic
and
b
a
s
ed
on
th
e
g
o
ve
r
n
men
t
g
u
i
d
elin
es
,
”
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
alig
n
m
en
t
with
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
.
T
h
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
h
as
estab
lis
h
ed
a
f
o
r
m
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
clar
ity
in
r
esear
ch
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
3
.
4
.
2
.
Adm
ini
s
t
ra
t
iv
e
bo
t
t
len
ec
k
s
Desp
ite
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
of
o
r
g
an
ized
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
s
th
at
s
lo
w
d
o
wn
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
A
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
5
)
d
escr
ib
e
d
th
e
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
as
“
th
ere
a
r
e
to
o
ma
n
y
to
ll
b
o
o
t
h
s
to
p
a
s
s
on
b
efo
r
e
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
a
p
p
r
o
va
l
,
”
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
b
u
r
d
en
of
m
u
ltip
le
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
s
tep
s
.
An
o
th
e
r
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
em
p
h
asized
th
at
d
ela
y
s
ar
e
o
f
ten
ca
u
s
ed
by
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
v
al
lay
e
r
s
,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tim
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
n
a
v
ig
ate.
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
also
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
as
“
cu
m
b
er
s
o
m
e
”
(
Ad
m
in
8)
an
d
“
…a
little
b
it
co
m
p
lex
”
(
Ad
m
in
1
4
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
t
h
a
t
wh
ile
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
p
r
o
m
o
te
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
t
h
ey
also
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
in
ef
f
icien
cies
th
at
h
in
d
e
r
tim
ely
r
esear
ch
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
.
3
.
5
.
I
nco
ns
is
t
ent
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
a
cr
o
s
s
ca
m
pu
s
es
a
nd
un
it
s
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
a
r
e
n
o
t
ap
p
lied
u
n
if
o
r
m
ly
ac
r
o
s
s
ca
m
p
u
s
es
an
d
ac
ad
e
m
ic
u
n
its
.
W
h
ile
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
a
n
u
al
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
,
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
a
n
d
o
u
tco
m
es
wh
ich
in
f
lu
en
ce
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
of
f
air
n
ess
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
B
a
la
n
cin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
b
u
r
ea
u
cra
cy
:
th
e
en
a
b
lin
g
–
co
n
s
tr
a
i
n
in
g
d
y
n
a
mics o
f
… (
Jo
h
n
Mi
ch
a
el
D.
A
q
u
in
o
)
2757
3
.
5
.
1
.
Va
ria
t
io
n
in
inte
rpre
t
a
t
io
n
Par
ticip
an
ts
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es
ar
e
not
u
n
if
o
r
m
ly
im
p
lem
en
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
ca
m
p
u
s
es
an
d
u
n
its
.
On
e
f
a
cu
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lt
y
5
)
n
o
ted
th
at
“
…th
ere
a
r
e
d
iffer
en
t
imp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
s
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
fo
u
r
ca
mp
u
s
es
,
”
wh
ile
an
o
t
h
er
s
tated
(
Facu
lty
1
9
)
th
at
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
“
…d
iffer
s
a
cro
s
s
ca
mp
u
s
es,
o
ffices,
or
co
mmittees
.
”
T
h
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
s
u
g
g
est
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
in
p
o
licy
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
m
ay
cr
ea
te
c
o
n
f
u
s
io
n
a
m
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
an
d
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
3
.
5
.
2
.
Unequa
l
a
cc
ess
to
f
un
din
g
C
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
u
n
eq
u
al
a
cc
ess
to
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
w
e
r
e
a
l
s
o
r
a
i
s
e
d
.
On
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
Facu
lty
1
1
)
n
o
ted
th
at
“
th
ere
w
ere
o
n
l
y
s
o
me
co
lleg
es
w
h
o
a
va
iled
fu
n
d
ed
r
esea
r
ch
,
”
in
d
ica
tin
g
d
is
p
ar
ities
in
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
An
o
th
er
p
ar
tici
p
an
t
im
p
lied
im
b
alan
ce
s
in
f
u
n
d
in
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
u
n
its
.
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
also
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
r
eso
u
r
ce
lim
i
tatio
n
s
,
n
o
tin
g
“
…th
e
b
u
d
g
et
a
llo
ca
tio
n
is
lo
w
”
(
Ad
m
in
7)
an
d
“
…in
s
u
fficien
t
fu
n
d
”
(
Ad
m
i
n
1
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
b
o
th
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
p
er
ce
iv
ed
in
e
q
u
ities
in
f
u
n
d
in
g
ac
ce
s
s
.
3
.
6
.
Co
mm
un
ica
t
io
n
a
nd
ca
pa
cit
y
g
a
ps
T
h
e
th
em
e
r
ef
lects
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
s
h
ar
ed
c
o
n
ce
r
n
th
at
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
of
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
lack
of
f
ac
u
lty
t
r
ain
in
g
h
in
d
e
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al.
Desp
ite
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
of
f
o
r
m
al
g
u
id
elin
es,
m
an
y
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
lim
ited
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
of
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
es
due
to
in
ad
eq
u
ate
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
3
.
6
.
1
.
P
o
o
r
dis
s
em
ina
t
io
n
of
g
uid
eline
s
Par
ticip
an
ts
em
p
h
asized
th
at
r
esear
ch
g
u
i
d
elin
es
ar
e
not
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
or
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
1
1
)
s
tated
t
h
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
ar
e
“
not
w
ell
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
a
n
d
ex
p
la
in
ed
to
f
a
cu
lty
mem
b
ers
,
”
wh
ile
an
ad
m
in
is
t
r
ato
r
(
Ad
m
in
9
)
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
at
“
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
a
r
e
not
w
ell
d
is
s
emin
a
ted
.
”
T
h
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
in
d
icate
th
at
g
ap
s
in
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lim
it
a
war
en
ess
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
of
r
esear
ch
p
o
licies,
lead
in
g
to
u
n
d
er
u
tili
za
tio
n
of
av
ailab
le
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
3
.
6
.
2
.
L
a
ck
of
o
rient
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
t
ra
ini
ng
Par
ticip
an
ts
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
o
r
ien
tatio
n
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
-
b
u
ild
in
g
in
itiativ
es.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
(
Facu
lty
6
)
s
tated
th
at
“
th
ere
s
h
o
u
ld
be
p
r
o
p
er
o
r
ien
ta
tio
n
,
”
wh
ile
a
n
o
th
er
(
Facu
lty
3
)
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
“
b
r
iefin
g
s
emin
a
r
s
…
esp
ec
ia
lly
fo
r
n
ew
fa
cu
lty
mem
b
ers
.
”
An
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
(
Ad
m
i
n
1
0
)
f
u
r
th
er
e
m
p
h
asized
th
at
“
…r
eg
u
la
r
o
r
ien
ta
tio
n
fo
r
fa
c
u
lty
and
s
ta
ff
w
o
u
ld
e
n
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
and
efficien
t
imp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
.
”
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
p
o
licy
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
.
3
.
7
.
E
nh
a
nced
re
s
ea
rc
h
pla
nn
ing
a
nd
q
ua
lity
a
s
s
ura
nce
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
s
h
ar
ed
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
t
h
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
h
av
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
p
o
s
itiv
ely
to
t
h
e
way
r
esear
ch
is
co
n
ce
p
t
u
alize
d
,
p
la
n
n
ed
,
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
te
d
.
Facu
lty
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
em
p
h
asized
th
at
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
em
b
ed
d
ed
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
a
n
u
al
p
r
o
m
o
te
ca
r
ef
u
l
p
lan
n
in
g
,
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
r
ig
o
r
,
an
d
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
W
h
ile
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
d
em
a
n
d
s
wer
e
s
o
m
etim
es
v
iewe
d
as
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
o
m
e,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
at
th
ese
s
am
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
q
u
ality
a
n
d
c
r
ed
ib
ilit
y
of
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
3
.
7
.
1
.
I
m
pro
v
ed
pro
po
s
a
l
dev
elo
pm
ent
Par
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
te
d
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
im
p
r
o
v
es
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
by
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
clea
r
o
b
jectiv
es,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
a
n
d
well
-
d
ef
in
e
d
b
u
d
g
ets.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
1
9
)
s
tated
th
at
“
…t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
h
elp
me
p
la
n
my
p
r
o
jects
mo
r
e
eff
ec
tively
,
”
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
p
r
o
m
o
te
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
a
n
d
clar
ity
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
f
u
r
th
er
em
p
h
asized
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
en
co
u
r
ag
e
th
e
m
to
an
ticip
ate
r
esear
ch
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
alig
n
th
eir
s
tu
d
ies
with
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
al
p
r
io
r
ities
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
more
f
ea
s
ib
le
an
d
well
-
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
als.
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
(
Ad
m
in
1
2
)
also
n
o
te
d
“
th
a
t
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
p
r
o
mo
te
d
eta
iled
a
n
d
s
ystema
tic
p
la
n
n
in
g
,
w
h
ich
e
n
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
o
ve
r
a
ll
q
u
a
lity
of
r
esea
r
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
”
3
.
7
.
2
.
Sta
nd
a
rdiza
t
io
n
a
nd
et
hica
l
co
m
pli
a
nce
Par
ticip
an
ts
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
an
d
eth
ical
p
r
ac
tices.
On
e
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
em
b
e
r
(
Facu
lty
4
)
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
“
…p
r
o
mo
te
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
iz
ed
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
and
eth
ica
l
p
r
a
ctice
s
,
”
wh
ile
an
o
th
e
r
(
Facu
lty
1
9
)
s
tated
t
h
at
th
ey
“
…e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
a
d
h
eren
ce
to
r
ec
o
g
n
iz
ed
r
esea
r
ch
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
s
.
”
T
h
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
,
an
d
eth
ical
in
teg
r
ity
ac
r
o
s
s
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
jects.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
7
5
0
-
2
7
6
3
2758
3
.
8
.
M
ix
ed
influence
on
re
s
e
a
rc
h
pro
du
ct
iv
it
y
T
h
is
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
d
u
al
an
d
s
o
m
etim
es
co
n
tr
ad
icto
r
y
ef
f
ec
ts
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
on
f
ac
u
lty
r
esear
ch
en
g
ag
em
en
t.
W
h
ile
s
o
m
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
cr
ea
s
ed
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
due
to
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
o
t
h
er
s
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
d
is
co
u
r
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
d
is
en
g
ag
em
en
t
as
a
r
esu
lt
of
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
n
e
g
ativ
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
is
th
e
m
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
how
th
e
s
am
e
p
o
licy
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
o
th
e
n
ab
lin
g
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
in
g
e
f
f
ec
ts
d
ep
e
n
d
i
n
g
on
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
3
.
8
.
1
.
I
ncre
a
s
ed
m
o
t
iv
a
t
io
n
to
co
nd
uct
re
s
ea
rc
h
Par
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
f
u
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
in
c
r
ea
s
es
th
eir
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
en
g
a
g
e
in
r
esear
ch
.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
3
)
s
tated
,
“
…it
mo
tiva
tes
me
to
co
n
d
u
ct
r
esea
r
ch
,
”
wh
ile
an
o
th
er
(
Facu
lty
7
)
n
o
ted
“
th
a
t
it
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
es
p
r
o
d
u
ctivity
a
n
d
p
a
r
ticip
a
tio
n
.
”
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
wh
e
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
im
p
lem
en
ted
,
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es
s
er
v
e
as
ca
t
aly
s
ts
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
esear
ch
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t.
3
.
8
.
2
.
Dis
co
ura
g
em
ent
a
nd
wit
hd
ra
wa
l
f
ro
m
f
un
din
g
a
pp
lica
t
io
ns
Ho
wev
er
,
s
o
m
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ex
p
r
ess
ed
d
is
co
u
r
a
g
em
en
t
d
u
e
to
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
ch
allen
g
es
a
n
d
lack
of
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lty
1
7
)
s
tated
,
“
…a
t
th
is
p
o
in
t,
I
h
a
ve
ch
o
s
en
to
d
is
c
o
n
tin
u
e
s
u
b
mittin
g
r
esea
r
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
a
ls
,
”
r
ef
lectin
g
f
r
u
s
tr
atio
n
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
An
o
th
er
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
Facu
lty
8
)
s
h
ar
ed
,
“
I
had
a
p
h
o
b
ia
w
h
en
th
ere
w
a
s
fu
n
d
e
d
r
esea
r
ch
but
I
co
u
ld
n
’
t
fin
d
h
elp
,
”
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
in
s
u
f
f
i
cien
t
g
u
id
an
ce
can
cr
ea
te
an
x
iety
an
d
h
in
d
er
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
n
e
g
ativ
e
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
with
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
m
a
y
lead
to
with
d
r
awa
l
f
r
o
m
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
3
.
9
.
Dev
el
o
pm
ent
of
re
s
ea
rc
h
cult
ure
wit
h
s
t
ruct
ura
l
lim
it
a
t
io
ns
T
h
is
r
ef
lects
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
an
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
b
u
ild
in
g
a
r
esear
ch
-
o
r
ien
te
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
cu
ltu
r
e,
wh
ile
a
ls
o
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
in
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
th
at
lim
it
its
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
v
iewe
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
a
n
u
al
as
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
s
ig
n
ali
n
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
r
esear
ch
with
in
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
y
et
em
p
h
asized
th
at
p
o
licy
a
lo
n
e
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
s
u
s
tain
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
.
3
.
9
.
1
.
Str
eng
t
henin
g
re
s
ea
rc
h
cult
ure
Par
ticip
an
ts
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
a
t
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
a
r
esear
ch
-
o
r
ien
ted
cu
ltu
r
e
with
in
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
(
Facu
lt
y
1
9
)
n
o
te
d
th
at
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
“
…e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
er
r
esea
r
ch
cu
ltu
r
e
w
i
th
in
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
”
wh
ile
a
n
o
th
er
(
Facu
lty
1
8
)
s
tated
“
o
b
s
erved
in
crea
s
ed
fa
cu
lty
en
g
a
g
eme
n
t
in
r
esea
r
ch
a
ctivities
.
”
T
h
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
t
h
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
p
o
licies
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
p
lay
a
r
o
le
in
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
alizin
g
r
esear
ch
p
r
ac
tic
es
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
ch
o
lar
ly
ac
t
iv
ity
.
3
.
9
.
2
.
Str
uct
ura
l
co
ns
t
ra
ints
to
s
us
t
a
ina
bil
it
y
Desp
ite
th
ese
p
o
s
it
iv
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
em
p
h
a
s
ized
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
lim
itat
i
o
n
s
af
f
ec
t
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
On
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
(
Facu
lty
5
)
s
tated
th
at
“
…th
e
ma
jo
r
ity
of
our
r
esea
r
ch
in
itia
tives
a
r
e
s
elf
-
fu
n
d
ed
,
”
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
g
a
p
s
in
f
in
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
An
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
(
Ad
m
in
7
)
a
d
d
ed
th
at
“
…if
I
w
ill
w
a
it
fo
r
fu
n
d
s
,
I
ma
y
not
co
mp
lete
a
n
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esea
r
ch
,
”
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
d
elay
s
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
d
is
r
u
p
t
r
esear
ch
co
n
tin
u
ity
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
u
s
tain
ed
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
r
eq
u
ir
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
o
licies
but
also
ef
f
icien
t
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
ad
e
q
u
ate
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
ass
is
tan
ce
g
u
id
elin
es
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
b
o
t
h
en
a
b
lin
g
an
d
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
with
in
HE
I
s
,
s
h
ap
i
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
r
esear
ch
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
ality
.
R
ath
er
t
h
an
o
p
er
atin
g
as
n
eu
tr
al
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
to
o
ls
,
th
ese
g
u
id
elin
es
ac
tiv
ely
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
ac
u
lty
b
eh
av
io
r
,
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
an
d
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
r
esear
ch
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
ex
te
n
d
s
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
by
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
d
u
al
r
o
le
of
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
in
s
h
ap
in
g
a
ca
d
em
ic
p
r
ac
tices,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ed
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
4
.
1
.
P
er
ce
i
v
ed
a
dv
a
nta
g
es
a
nd
dis
a
dv
a
nta
g
es
of
t
he
re
s
ea
rc
h
f
un
din
g
a
nd
a
s
s
is
t
a
nce
g
uid
eline
s
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
af
f
ir
m
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
ar
e
ce
n
tr
al
to
en
a
b
lin
g
f
ac
u
lt
y
r
esear
ch
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
th
e
r
o
le
of
f
in
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
esear
c
h
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
Fin
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
ass
is
tan
ce
r
ed
u
ce
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
r
elate
d
b
ar
r
ier
s
an
d
cr
ea
te
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
f
ac
u
lt
y
to
en
g
a
g
e
in
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
i
ties
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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es E
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N:
2252
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8
8
2
2
B
a
la
n
cin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
b
u
r
ea
u
cra
cy
:
th
e
en
a
b
lin
g
–
co
n
s
tr
a
i
n
in
g
d
y
n
a
mics o
f
… (
Jo
h
n
Mi
ch
a
el
D.
A
q
u
in
o
)
2759
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
wh
er
e
f
in
a
n
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ar
e
more
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
.
Fro
m
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
a
n
u
al
o
p
er
ates
as
an
en
ab
lin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
by
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
ac
ce
s
s
to
r
eso
u
r
c
es
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
p
ath
way
s
th
at
m
ak
e
r
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
B
ey
o
n
d
m
ater
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
f
u
n
d
in
g
g
u
id
elin
es
also
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
In
lin
e
with
SDT
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
in
ce
n
tiv
es
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
en
h
an
ce
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
’
p
er
ce
iv
ed
co
m
p
eten
ce
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
v
alu
e,
th
er
e
b
y
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
in
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
tiv
atio
n
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
ex
ten
d
s
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
by
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
r
esear
c
h
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
is
s
h
ap
ed
not
o
n
ly
by
r
eso
u
r
ce
av
ailab
ilit
y
but
also
by
how
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
is
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
an
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
by
f
ac
u
lty
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
a
cr
itical
te
n
s
io
n
:
th
e
s
am
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
t
h
at
en
a
b
le
r
es
ea
r
ch
also
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
r
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
f
air
n
ess
,
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
wh
ile
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
al
d
em
a
n
d
s
an
d
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
wo
r
k
lo
ad
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
e
n
h
an
ce
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
leg
itima
cy
an
d
r
esear
ch
in
teg
r
ity
[
2
8
]
,
th
e
y
also
r
ef
lect
wh
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
th
e
o
r
y
d
escr
ib
es
as
th
e
d
u
ality
of
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
wh
er
e
r
u
les
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
en
ab
le
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
co
n
f
i
r
m
s
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
b
u
r
ea
u
cr
atic
s
y
s
tem
s
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
en
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
u
n
in
ten
d
e
d
lim
itin
g
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
r
ig
id
ity
,
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
al
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
,
an
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
d
ela
y
s
illu
s
tr
ate
th
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
in
g
d
im
en
s
io
n
.
E
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
,
s
tr
ict
tim
elin
es,
an
d
s
lo
w
f
u
n
d
r
elea
s
e
r
ed
u
ce
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
,
th
er
e
b
y
lim
itin
g
f
ac
u
lty
a
g
en
cy
.
Fro
m
an
SDT
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
ese
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
u
n
d
er
m
in
e
au
to
n
o
m
y
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
e
n
f
ac
u
lty
p
er
ce
iv
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
as
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
m
e
r
ath
er
th
an
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
of
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
o
licies
d
ep
en
d
s
not
o
n
ly
on
th
ei
r
d
esig
n
but
on
h
o
w
th
ey
a
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
an
d
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
at
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lev
el.
4
.
2
.
F
a
cult
y
perc
ept
io
ns
of
t
he
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
of
t
he
re
s
ea
rc
h
m
a
nu
a
l
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
r
ef
lects
a
h
i
g
h
ly
f
o
r
m
alize
d
an
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
-
d
r
iv
e
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Facu
lty
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
of
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
d
icate
s
tr
o
n
g
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
alig
n
m
e
n
t
with
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
a
n
d
au
d
it
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
s
tate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
co
lleg
es
(
SUC
s
)
[
1
4
]
.
Fro
m
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
atio
n
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
,
th
is
f
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
tab
ilit
y
,
p
r
ed
ictab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
with
in
r
esear
ch
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
f
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
u
n
in
ten
d
e
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
Mu
ltip
le
ap
p
r
o
v
al
lay
er
s
,
b
u
r
ea
u
c
r
atic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
an
d
lim
ited
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
ca
p
ac
ity
s
lo
w
d
o
wn
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
cr
ea
tin
g
in
ef
f
icien
cies
th
at
co
n
tr
a
d
ict
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
of
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
co
n
f
ir
m
s
an
d
e
x
ten
d
s
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
wh
ile
b
u
r
ea
u
cr
atic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
en
h
an
ce
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
,
th
ey
o
f
te
n
r
e
d
u
ce
a
d
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
in
ac
ad
em
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
It
f
u
r
th
er
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
ef
f
ici
en
cy
is
a
cr
itical
d
im
en
s
io
n
of
p
o
licy
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
th
at
is
o
f
ten
o
v
e
r
lo
o
k
e
d
in
co
m
p
lian
ce
-
d
r
iv
en
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
in
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
ca
m
p
u
s
es
an
d
u
n
its
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
lim
itatio
n
s
in
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
Var
iatio
n
s
in
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
p
o
licies
ar
e
not
u
n
if
o
r
m
ly
in
ter
n
alize
d
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
r
ef
lectin
g
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
[
1
6
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
ese
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
f
ac
u
lty
m
o
tiv
ati
o
n
.
Fro
m
an
SDT
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
in
eq
u
i
ties
an
d
lack
of
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
u
n
d
er
m
in
e
t
r
u
s
t
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
by
wea
k
en
in
g
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
of
f
air
n
ess
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
o
ws
th
at
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
is
as
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
as
p
o
licy
d
esig
n
in
s
u
s
tain
in
g
f
ac
u
lty
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
g
ap
s
f
u
r
th
er
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
p
o
lic
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
is
not
s
o
lely
d
eter
m
in
ed
by
p
o
licy
d
esig
n
but
also
by
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
of
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
.
L
im
ited
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
an
d
lac
k
of
tr
ain
in
g
h
in
d
er
f
ac
u
lty
’
s
ab
il
ity
to
n
av
ig
ate
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
In
SDT
ter
m
s
,
th
is
r
ed
u
ce
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
a
n
d
r
elate
d
n
ess
,
th
er
eb
y
lim
itin
g
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
d
esp
ite
th
e
a
v
a
ilab
ilit
y
of
f
o
r
m
al
g
u
id
elin
es
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
ex
ten
d
s
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
by
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
at
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
m
u
s
t
ac
co
m
p
an
y
p
o
licy
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
4
.
3
.
I
m
pa
c
t
of
t
he
re
s
ea
rc
h
m
a
nu
a
l
on
t
he
re
s
ea
rc
h
pro
c
ess
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
an
u
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
p
o
s
itiv
ely
to
r
esear
ch
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
.
Stru
ctu
r
ed
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
en
h
an
ce
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ica
l
r
ig
o
r
,
a
n
d
eth
ical
co
m
p
lian
ce
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
on
th
e
r
o
le
of
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
in
s
tan
d
ar
d
izin
g
r
esear
ch
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
o
u
t
p
u
t
q
u
ality
[
3
2
]
.
Fro
m
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
atio
n
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
ese
f
o
r
m
al
r
u
les
g
u
id
e
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
aliza
tio
n
of
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
ities
with
in
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
im
p
ac
t
on
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
is
more
co
m
p
lex
an
d
r
ev
ea
ls
an
“
en
ab
lin
g
–
co
n
s
tr
ain
in
g
p
ar
ad
o
x
.
”
W
h
il
e
s
o
m
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
o
th
er
s
with
d
r
aw
f
r
o
m
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
s
due
to
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
e
x
ten
d
s
ex
is
tin
g
lite
r
atu
r
e
by
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
em
p
ir
ic
al
ev
id
en
ce
of
h
o
w
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
can
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
f
ac
ilit
ate
an
d
i
n
h
ib
it
r
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
w
ith
in
th
e
s
am
e
s
y
s
tem
[
3
3
]
.
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