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e
ch
all
e
n
g
es
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
co
u
n
s
e
li
n
g
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
at
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
r
ec
ei
v
e
tim
el
y
a
n
d
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
h
el
p
,
e
v
en
i
n
a
r
em
o
t
e
s
e
tti
n
g
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
it
io
n
to
o
n
li
n
e
c
o
u
n
s
eli
n
g
n
e
ce
s
s
i
tat
es
an
e
v
al
u
ati
o
n
o
f
tr
a
d
iti
o
n
a
l
co
u
n
s
e
li
n
g
m
o
d
e
ls
t
o
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
c
al
co
m
p
et
e
n
ce
a
n
d
ad
d
r
ess
e
m
e
r
g
in
g
c
o
n
c
er
n
s
r
el
ate
d
to
r
el
ia
b
il
it
y
an
d
et
h
i
cs
in
o
n
li
n
e
s
e
r
v
ic
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
AOC
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
s
elo
r
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
u
tili
ze
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
v
a
r
io
u
s
o
n
lin
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
in
d
eliv
er
in
g
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
en
c
o
m
p
ass
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
a
d
ee
p
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
b
u
t
also
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
a
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
2
1
]
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
ess
io
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
i
d
eo
co
n
f
er
e
n
cin
g
,
o
n
lin
e
c
h
ats,
o
r
em
ails
r
eq
u
ir
es
d
is
tin
ct
s
k
ills
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
[
2
2
]
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
ad
v
is
o
r
y
tea
ch
er
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
eq
u
i
p
p
ed
t
o
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
m
itig
ate
p
o
te
n
t
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
in
n
o
n
-
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
r
m
ats,
as m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
q
u
a
lity
o
f
co
u
n
s
elin
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
is
cr
u
cial.
SC
E
i
s
an
o
th
er
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
th
at
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
eth
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
s
af
eg
u
a
r
d
in
g
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
clea
r
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
f
o
r
o
n
li
n
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
tectin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
As
em
p
h
asized
b
y
th
e
Nati
o
n
al
B
o
ar
d
f
o
r
C
er
tifie
d
C
o
u
n
s
elo
r
s
(
NB
C
C
)
[
2
3
]
an
d
th
e
Am
er
ican
C
o
u
n
s
elin
g
Ass
o
ciatio
n
(
AC
A)
[
2
4
]
,
u
p
h
o
ld
in
g
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
i
s
v
ital
f
o
r
f
o
s
ter
in
g
t
r
u
s
t
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
well
-
b
ei
n
g
.
I
n
T
h
aila
n
d
,
th
e
em
p
h
asis
o
n
eth
ical
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
p
r
ac
tices
is
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
cr
itical
g
i
v
en
th
e
co
u
n
t
r
y
’
s
g
r
o
win
g
d
ig
ital
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
an
d
t
h
e
ass
o
ciate
d
r
is
k
s
o
f
d
ata
b
r
ea
c
h
es a
n
d
c
y
b
er
th
r
ea
ts
.
SC
S
ar
e
v
ita
l
f
o
r
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
s
o
lid
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
es in
teg
r
atin
g
s
ec
u
r
e
e
-
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
u
tili
zin
g
v
er
s
atile
d
ig
ital to
o
ls
,
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
icall
y
s
o
u
n
d
d
ig
ital
ass
ess
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
b
u
t
also
s
ec
u
r
e,
th
u
s
p
r
o
tectin
g
s
en
s
itiv
e
s
tu
d
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
u
n
au
th
o
r
ize
d
ac
ce
s
s
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
f
ac
ilit
a
te
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
ati
o
n
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
r
ef
in
em
en
t
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
p
r
ac
tices b
ased
o
n
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
th
er
e
r
em
ain
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
a
p
in
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
with
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
W
h
ile
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
f
er
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
,
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
an
d
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
s
y
s
tem
s
in
T
h
ailan
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
li
m
ited
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
ee
k
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
g
ap
s
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
C
FA
to
estab
l
is
h
a
m
o
d
el
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
am
o
n
g
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
in
T
h
ai
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
4
0
0
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
N
o
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
r
eg
i
o
n
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
,
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
in
g
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
o
f
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ice
s
with
in
th
e
T
h
ai
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
a
n
s
wer
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
:
−
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
am
o
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
in
T
h
ailan
d
?
−
Ho
w
ca
n
a
m
o
d
el
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
ese
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
e
v
alid
ate
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
FA
?
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
b
e
ca
u
s
e
it
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
lim
ited
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
d
ig
ital
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
T
h
ai
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
lies
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
a
m
o
d
el
tailo
r
ed
to
th
e
lo
ca
l
c
o
n
tex
t
,
with
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
p
o
licy
,
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
p
r
ac
tice.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
a
cr
o
s
s
‑
s
ec
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ex
am
in
e
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
ete
n
c
es
am
o
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
a
n
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
ce
m
o
d
el
s
p
ec
if
ically
co
n
tex
tu
alize
d
f
o
r
th
is
g
r
o
u
p
.
R
elev
an
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
in
d
icato
r
s
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
ce
s
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
2
3
]
,
[
24
]
,
[
30
]
–
[
32]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
estab
lis
h
ed
r
e
co
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
b
y
Mu
eller
[
2
8
]
,
Hu
an
d
B
en
tler
[
2
9
]
,
a
n
d
Kan
ch
an
awa
s
i
[
3
3
]
,
wh
o
em
p
h
asize
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
C
FA
f
o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
at
io
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
y
n
th
esis
,
th
r
e
e
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
15
in
d
icato
r
s
,
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
em
p
ir
ical
an
aly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
On
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
c
o
mp
eten
ce
s
a
mo
n
g
Th
a
i seco
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l a
d
viso
r
y
…
(
B
o
v
o
r
n
p
o
t Ch
o
o
mp
u
n
u
ch
)
2731
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
1
,
AOC
,
co
m
p
r
is
es
f
iv
e
in
d
icato
r
s
:
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elo
r
s
:
th
eo
r
y
an
d
s
k
ill
ex
p
er
ti
s
e
(
OC
E
)
,
cr
ea
tiv
e
an
d
ad
a
p
tiv
e
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
n
s
elo
r
s
(
C
AC
)
,
o
n
lin
e
ch
at
an
d
v
o
ice
o
n
d
ev
ices
in
g
e
n
u
it
y
(
C
VD)
,
tex
t
-
v
o
ice
em
o
tio
n
al
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
(
T
VE
)
,
an
d
o
n
lin
e
m
is
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
r
eso
lv
in
g
(
OM
R
)
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
2
,
SC
E
,
en
co
m
p
ass
es
f
iv
e
in
d
icato
r
s
:
f
lex
ib
le
o
n
lin
e
s
er
v
ice
o
p
ti
o
n
s
(
FOS),
cy
b
e
r
co
u
n
s
elin
g
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
(
C
C
B
)
,
p
er
s
o
n
al
m
ed
ia
b
l
o
ck
ad
e
(
PMB
)
,
o
n
lin
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
(
OPC
)
,
an
d
clien
t
p
r
iv
a
cy
p
r
o
tectio
n
(
C
PP
)
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
3
,
SC
S,
in
clu
d
es
f
iv
e
in
d
icato
r
s
:
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
o
lv
in
g
(
T
NS)
,
v
er
s
atile
p
latf
o
r
m
u
s
e
(
VPU)
,
s
ec
u
r
e
e
-
p
latf
o
r
m
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atio
n
(
SES)
,
d
ig
ital
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
d
esig
n
(
DPD)
,
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
e
-
p
latf
o
r
m
an
d
to
o
ls
u
tili
za
tio
n
(
C
E
U)
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
s
tu
d
y
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
ce
s
am
o
n
g
T
h
ai
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
-
teac
h
e
r
s
in
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
s
tu
d
y
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
o
f
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
c
o
m
p
et
en
ce
s
am
o
n
g
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
co
m
p
r
i
s
ed
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
wo
r
k
i
n
g
i
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
th
e
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
r
e
g
io
n
o
f
T
h
ai
lan
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
2
0
2
4
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
u
ltis
tag
e
s
tr
atif
ied
s
am
p
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
ad
eq
u
ate
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
r
elev
a
n
t
s
tr
ata.
C
FA
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
o
ex
am
in
e
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el.
Giv
en
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
C
FA,
an
ad
eq
u
ate
s
am
p
le
s
ize
an
d
an
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
n
o
r
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
a
ta
wer
e
ess
en
tial.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
a
to
tal
o
f
4
0
0
a
d
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
wer
e
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
lin
e
with
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
b
y
Hair
et
a
l.
[
3
4
]
,
wh
ich
s
u
g
g
ests
a
m
in
im
u
m
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
5
–
2
0
ca
s
es
p
er
esti
m
ated
p
ar
am
eter
,
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
1
5
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
d
icato
r
s
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
at
least
3
0
0
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
;
th
u
s
,
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
am
p
l
e
s
ize
was
d
ee
m
ed
s
u
f
f
icien
t.
Me
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
r
i
g
o
r
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
wer
e
f
u
r
th
er
s
tr
en
g
th
en
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
ev
id
en
ce
f
r
o
m
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew,
s
u
r
v
ey
d
ata,
an
d
in
‑
d
e
p
th
in
ter
v
iews
with
s
u
b
ject‑
m
atter
ex
p
er
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es im
p
lem
e
n
ted
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
o
u
tlin
ed
as:
First,
th
e
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
r
eg
io
n
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
was
class
if
ied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eg
io
n
al
d
iv
is
io
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
e
Of
f
ice
o
f
th
e
Pu
b
lic
Secto
r
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
(
OPDC
)
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
R
o
y
al
Dec
r
ee
O
n
l
i
n
e
c
o
u
n
s
e
l
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
s
(
O
C
C
)
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
o
n
l
i
n
e
c
o
u
n
s
e
l
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(A
O
C)
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
n
l
i
n
e
c
o
u
n
s
e
l
i
n
g
e
t
h
i
c
s
(
S
C
E)
S
e
c
u
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
si
v
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
o
n
l
i
n
e
c
o
u
n
s
e
l
i
n
g
sy
st
e
ms (
S
C
S
)
Online
c
ouns
e
lor
s
:
theo
r
y
a
nd
s
kil
l
e
xpe
r
ti
s
e
(
OC
E
)
C
r
e
a
ti
ve
a
nd
a
da
pti
ve
onli
ne
c
ouns
e
lor
s
(
C
AC
)
Online
c
ha
t
a
nd
voice
on
de
vice
s
ingenuity
(
C
VD
)
Te
x
t
-
v
o
i
c
e
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
x
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
(
TV
E)
O
n
l
i
n
e
mi
sc
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
(
O
M
R
)
F
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
o
n
l
i
n
e
serv
i
c
e
o
p
t
i
o
n
s (F
O
S
)
C
y
b
e
r
c
o
u
n
sel
i
n
g
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
i
e
s (
C
C
B
)
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
me
d
i
a
b
l
o
c
k
a
d
e
(
P
M
B
)
O
n
l
i
n
e
p
r
i
v
ac
y
co
n
s
i
d
er
at
i
o
n
(O
P
C)
C
l
i
e
n
t
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
(
C
P
P
)
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
(
TN
S
)
V
e
r
sat
i
l
e
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
u
s
e
(
V
P
U
)
S
e
c
u
r
e
e
-
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m s
y
st
e
m
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
(
S
ES)
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
p
s
y
c
h
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
d
e
s
i
g
n
(
D
P
D
)
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
si
v
e
e
-
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
t
o
o
l
s
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
C
EU
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
7
2
9
-
2
7
4
0
2732
o
n
th
e
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
Pro
v
in
ce
s
an
d
I
n
teg
r
ated
Pro
v
in
cial
Gr
o
u
p
s
(
B
.
E
.
2
5
5
1
)
.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
teg
o
r
izes
th
e
r
eg
io
n
in
to
f
iv
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
i
)
Up
p
er
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
Gr
o
u
p
1
(
No
n
g
Kh
ai,
L
o
ei,
Ud
o
n
T
h
an
i,
an
d
No
n
g
B
u
a
L
am
Ph
u
)
;
ii
)
Up
p
er
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
Gr
o
u
p
2
(
Nak
h
o
n
Ph
an
o
m
,
Mu
k
d
ah
an
,
an
d
Sak
o
n
Nak
h
o
n
)
;
iii
)
C
en
tr
al
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
Gr
o
u
p
(
R
o
i
E
t,
Kh
o
n
Kae
n
,
Ma
h
a
Sar
ak
h
am
,
an
d
Kala
s
in
)
;
iv
)
L
o
wer
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
Gr
o
u
p
1
(
Su
r
in
,
Nak
h
o
n
R
atch
asima
,
B
u
r
ir
am
,
an
d
C
h
aiy
ap
h
u
m
)
;
an
d
v
)
L
o
wer
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
Gr
o
u
p
2
(
Am
n
at
C
h
ar
o
en
,
Sis
ak
et,
Yaso
th
o
n
,
an
d
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i)
.
Seco
n
d
,
o
n
e
Seco
n
d
ar
y
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Ser
v
ice
Ar
ea
Of
f
ice
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
r
eg
io
n
al
g
r
o
u
p
,
u
n
d
er
th
e
Of
f
ice
o
f
th
e
B
asic E
d
u
ca
tio
n
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
,
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
was selec
ted
u
s
in
g
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
.
T
h
e
f
iv
e
s
elec
ted
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
o
f
f
ices
wer
e
Ud
o
n
T
h
an
i,
Nak
h
o
n
Ph
an
o
m
,
Ma
h
a
Sar
ak
h
am
,
Su
r
in
,
an
d
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i
–
Am
n
at
C
h
ar
o
en
.
T
h
ir
d
,
s
tr
atif
ied
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
elec
t
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
o
f
f
ice.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
tr
atif
ied
b
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ize
in
to
s
m
all,
m
ed
iu
m
‑
s
ized
,
lar
g
e,
an
d
s
p
ec
ial
lar
g
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
with
an
eq
u
al
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
1
0
0
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
p
er
s
tr
atu
m
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
r
esu
lted
in
8
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
s
er
v
ice
ar
ea
o
f
f
ice,
f
o
r
a
to
tal
s
am
p
le
o
f
4
0
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Fin
ally
,
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
ac
cid
en
tal
s
am
p
lin
g
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
pro
ce
du
re
T
o
co
n
d
u
ct
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
s
ev
er
al
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wer
e
u
n
d
er
tak
en
.
First,
an
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
b
o
th
n
atio
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
estab
lis
h
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
a
s
u
r
v
ey
was
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
to
g
ath
er
th
eir
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies,
an
d
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
o
k
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
15
–
20
m
in
u
tes
to
co
m
p
lete.
T
h
e
aim
was
to
id
en
tify
th
e
co
r
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
ex
am
in
e
th
eir
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
ev
id
en
ce
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
clar
ity
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
icato
r
s
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
‑
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iews
with
a
p
an
el
o
f
n
in
e
ex
p
er
ts
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
th
r
ee
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
in
co
u
n
s
elin
g
,
th
r
ee
in
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
th
r
ee
in
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew,
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
an
d
ex
p
er
t
co
n
s
u
ltatio
n
s
,
a
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
15
item
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
a
5
‑
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t scale
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
v
alid
ated
.
Me
an
s
co
r
es we
r
e
u
s
ed
to
class
if
y
co
m
p
eten
cy
lev
els in
to
f
iv
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
[
3
5
]
.
C
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
was
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
th
r
ee
ex
p
er
ts
,
y
ield
in
g
a
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
d
ex
(
C
VI
)
of
1
.
0
0
.
A
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
f
u
r
th
er
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
ex
ce
llen
t
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
with
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
0
.
9
9
2
.
Fin
ally
,
C
FA
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
,
an
d
th
e
v
alid
ated
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
to
a
lar
g
er
s
am
p
le
o
f
400
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l a
d
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
ad
eq
u
ate
s
tatis
tical
p
o
wer
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
es
Data
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
SP
SS
v
er
s
io
n
2
5
.
0
an
d
L
I
SR
E
L
s
o
f
twar
e.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
all
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les.
Pear
s
o
n
’
s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
–
m
o
m
en
t c
o
r
r
elatio
n
an
d
Sp
ea
r
m
an
’
s
r
an
k
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
wer
e
ap
p
lied
to
ex
am
in
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
iab
les.
C
FA
was
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
co
n
d
u
cted
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
am
o
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
Prio
r
to
an
aly
s
is
,
all
r
elev
an
t
s
tatis
tical
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
wer
e
v
er
if
ied
.
Mo
d
el
f
it
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
g
o
o
d
n
ess
‑
o
f
‑
f
it
in
d
ices,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
n
o
n
‑
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
C
h
i
‑
s
q
u
ar
e
test
(
χ²,
p
>0
.
0
5
)
,
a
n
o
r
m
ed
C
h
i
‑
s
q
u
ar
e
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
r
atio
(
χ²/d
f
)
o
f
less
th
an
2
.
0
,
a
lo
w
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
(
R
MSE
A)
,
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
f
it
in
d
ex
(
C
FI)
,
an
d
n
o
r
m
ed
f
it
in
d
ex
(
NFI
)
v
alu
es
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
1
.
0
,
an
d
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
r
esid
u
al
(
SR
MR)
clo
s
e
to
0
.
0
[
3
6
]
.
All statis
tical
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
s
et
at
p
<0
.
0
5
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
am
o
n
g
4
0
0
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
n
li
n
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
f
o
r
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ics:
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
wer
e
f
em
ale
(
6
0
.
5
%)
an
d
th
e
av
er
ag
e
ag
e
was
3
4
.
8
y
ea
r
s
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
4
to
5
6
.
Mo
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
ad
less
th
an
1
0
y
ea
r
s
o
f
wo
r
k
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
(
5
3
%),
with
2
0
.
5
%
h
av
in
g
1
0
-
2
0
y
ea
r
s
a
n
d
1
9
.
7
5
%
o
v
er
2
0
y
ea
r
s
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
ev
en
ly
d
is
t
r
ib
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
er
v
ice
o
f
f
ic
es
in
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
T
h
ailan
d
,
with
2
5
%
f
r
o
m
U
d
o
n
T
h
an
i,
Nak
h
o
n
Ph
a
n
o
m
,
Ma
h
a
Sar
ak
h
a
m
,
Su
r
in
,
an
d
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
a
n
i
-
Am
n
at
C
h
ar
o
en
,
an
d
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
all
s
ch
o
o
l
s
izes.
T
h
e
m
ain
ar
ea
s
o
f
ex
p
er
tis
e
wer
e
s
cien
ce
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
1
9
.
7
5
%),
m
ath
e
m
atics
(
1
9
.
2
5
%),
an
d
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
1
2
.
5
%).
T
h
e
lar
g
est
g
r
o
u
p
ad
v
is
ed
Gr
ad
e
3
(
2
1
%),
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
Gr
ad
e
4
(
1
8
.
5
%)
,
an
d
Gr
ad
e
5
(
1
6
.
7
5
%).
All
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
h
ad
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
in
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
co
u
n
s
elin
g
,
wh
i
le
6
4
%
o
f
f
er
ed
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
el
in
g
s
er
v
ices,
an
d
42
%
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
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On
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o
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Th
a
i seco
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r
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ch
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o
l a
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r
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B
o
v
o
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o
t Ch
o
o
mp
u
n
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ch
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T
ab
le
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.
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cio
d
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o
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ap
h
ic
s
t
atu
s
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
wh
o
r
esp
o
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e
o
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lin
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o
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41
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r
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51
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r
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r
s
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2
0
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e
a
r
s
>
2
0
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e
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r
s
2
1
2
1
0
9
79
5
3
.
0
0
2
7
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2
5
1
9
.
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le
4
.
Facto
r
l
o
ad
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g
s
(
β),
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
test
s
(
t)
,
an
d
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
(
R
2
)
o
f
th
e
C
FA
O
n
l
i
n
e
c
o
u
n
s
e
l
i
n
g
c
o
mp
e
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e
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m
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a
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0
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
On
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
c
o
mp
eten
ce
s
a
mo
n
g
Th
a
i seco
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l a
d
viso
r
y
…
(
B
o
v
o
r
n
p
o
t Ch
o
o
mp
u
n
u
ch
)
2735
B
ased
o
n
th
e
cr
iter
ia
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
b
y
C
ar
m
in
es
an
d
Mc
I
v
er
[
3
6
]
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
f
it
in
d
ices
o
b
t
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
‑
o
r
d
e
r
C
FA
in
d
icat
ed
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at
t
h
e
p
r
o
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o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
n
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
f
it
with
th
e
em
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ir
ical
d
ata.
T
h
e
χ²
v
alu
e
was
7
6
.
2
4
0
with
a
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
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f
0
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2
8
4
,
wh
ic
h
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o
t
s
tati
s
tically
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ig
n
if
ican
t
at
th
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.
0
5
lev
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Ad
d
itio
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f
it in
d
ices
m
et
r
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o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
th
r
esh
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ld
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
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elativ
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χ²
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o
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0
8
9
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.
0
.
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h
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FI
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1
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n
d
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was
0
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9
9
0
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o
th
a
p
p
r
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it
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R
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,
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icatin
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all,
th
ese
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esu
lts
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ir
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th
at
th
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ec
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‑
o
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ato
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p
p
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ted
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y
th
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d
ata,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
5.
T
o
clea
r
l
y
p
r
esen
t
th
e
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o
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s
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m
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s
m
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el
f
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r
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ar
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ato
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as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
ab
le
5
.
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est in
d
ices f
o
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th
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o
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d
-
o
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FA
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ch
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v
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i
-
sq
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(
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²)
7
6
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2
4
0
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o
t
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
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y
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f
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a
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v
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l
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e
0
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0
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5
3
>
0
.
0
5
D
e
g
r
e
e
s
o
f
f
r
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e
d
o
m
(
d
f
)
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-
R
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l
a
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h
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(
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/
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f
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9
<
2
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0
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1
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0
0
0
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a
p
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1
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0
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9
9
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a
l
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p
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M
R
0
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p
p
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n
g
0
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0
R
M
S
EA
0
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0
1
5
V
a
l
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a
p
p
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c
h
i
n
g
0
.
0
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Seco
n
d
o
r
d
er
C
FA
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
s
f
o
r
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l a
d
v
is
o
r
y
-
teac
h
er
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
7
2
9
-
2
7
4
0
2736
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ess
en
tial
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
co
r
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
a
m
o
n
g
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
C
F
A
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
e
th
r
ee
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
n
s
e
lin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies:
AOC
,
S
C
E
,
an
d
SC
S
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
alig
n
with
g
lo
b
al
tr
en
d
s
in
d
ig
ital
co
u
n
s
elin
g
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
g
r
o
w
in
g
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
eq
u
ip
p
in
g
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
with
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
k
ills
an
d
eth
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
q
u
ality
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
v
ir
tu
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
AOC
is
es
s
en
tial
in
to
d
ay
’
s
r
ap
id
ly
ev
o
lv
in
g
d
ig
ital
l
an
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
teac
h
er
s
b
ec
o
m
in
g
ad
e
p
t
with
d
i
g
ital
to
o
ls
an
d
p
latf
o
r
m
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
em
p
h
asized
e
n
o
u
g
h
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
eten
cy
en
ab
les
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
o
n
lin
e
m
ed
iu
m
s
,
a
s
k
ill
th
at
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
v
ital
in
t
h
e
wak
e
o
f
th
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic,
as
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
ac
tice
[
3
8
]
.
Ma
s
ter
in
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
cr
ea
tiv
ely
ad
ap
t
to
o
n
lin
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
m
e
r
e
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
;
it a
ls
o
in
v
o
lv
es u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
to
u
p
h
o
ld
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
in
a
v
ir
tu
al
s
ettin
g
[
3
9
]
.
T
ea
ch
e
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
to
m
ee
t
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tu
d
en
t
n
ee
d
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
n
o
v
a
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
g
o
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
a
ce
co
u
n
s
elin
g
[
3
0
]
,
[
40]
.
Stre
n
g
th
en
i
n
g
th
is
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
is
cr
u
cia
l
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
h
elp
in
g
th
em
n
a
v
ig
ate
th
eir
ch
allen
g
es
in
a
d
ig
ital w
o
r
ld
.
SC
E
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
es
s
en
tial
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
estab
lis
h
in
g
tr
u
s
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
in
o
n
lin
e
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
.
W
h
ile
eth
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
ar
e
cr
u
cial
to
all
co
u
n
s
elin
g
p
r
ac
tices,
th
e
s
h
if
t
to
o
n
lin
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
p
r
esen
ts
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
[
4
1
]
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
tr
ict
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
clea
r
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
d
ata.
I
n
an
e
r
a
m
a
r
k
ed
b
y
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
d
ig
ital
b
r
ea
ch
es,
a
d
h
er
in
g
to
t
h
ese
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
is
v
ital
to
p
r
o
tect
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
well
-
b
ein
g
an
d
m
ain
tain
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
[
4
2
]
.
E
m
p
h
asizin
g
et
h
ical
p
r
ac
tices
g
o
es
b
ey
o
n
d
m
er
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
s
et
b
y
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
NB
C
C
an
d
AC
A;
it
in
v
o
lv
es
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
s
af
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
ee
l
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
[
4
3
]
.
C
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
th
is
ar
ea
is
e
s
s
en
tial,
as
th
e
eth
ical
lan
d
s
c
ap
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
co
u
n
s
elin
g
ev
o
l
v
es
in
tan
d
em
with
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
c
o
n
f
id
e
n
tiality
,
s
ettin
g
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies,
a
n
d
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
ed
b
y
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
t
h
r
ea
t
s
an
d
th
e
p
er
v
asiv
e
d
ig
ital
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
am
o
n
g
y
o
u
th
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
th
e
u
r
g
e
n
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
tr
ai
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ically
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
eth
ical
ch
allen
g
es o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
.
SC
S
ar
e
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices.
A
r
o
b
u
s
t
d
ig
ital
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
e
n
s
u
r
es
th
at
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
s
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
s
ec
u
r
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
tectin
g
s
en
s
itiv
e
s
tu
d
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
cy
b
er
t
h
r
ea
ts
[
4
5
]
,
[
46]
.
T
ea
c
h
er
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ab
le
to
u
tili
ze
s
ec
u
r
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
in
ter
p
r
et
d
ig
ital
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
t
to
o
ls
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
v
id
en
ce
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
[
4
7
]
.
T
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
t
h
e
id
ea
t
h
at
a
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
well
-
in
teg
r
ated
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
n
o
t
ju
s
t
a
co
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
b
u
t
a
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
s
af
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
.
T
h
i
s
co
m
p
eten
cy
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
ab
o
u
t
h
av
in
g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
to
o
ls
b
u
t
also
ab
o
u
t
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
ese
to
o
ls
in
to
a
co
h
esiv
e
s
y
s
tem
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
k
n
o
wled
g
ea
b
le
ab
o
u
t
d
ig
ital
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
an
d
b
e
ab
le
to
u
tili
ze
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
th
at
en
s
u
r
e
b
o
t
h
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
,
with
r
eg
u
lar
u
p
d
ates
to
a
d
d
r
ess
em
er
g
in
g
th
r
ea
ts
an
d
t
o
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies th
at
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
o
n
e
ar
ea
ca
n
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
th
e
r
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
eten
cy
ca
n
en
h
a
n
ce
eth
ical
p
r
ac
tices
b
y
en
ab
lin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
ec
u
r
e
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
u
s
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
a
r
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
s
af
ely
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
is
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
a
h
o
lis
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cie
s
,
wh
er
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t a
cr
o
s
s
all
ar
ea
s
is
em
p
h
a
s
ized
.
T
h
e
co
llectiv
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
ic
ate
th
at
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
m
o
d
el
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
o
f
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
to
o
l
f
o
r
d
esi
g
n
in
g
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
ce
r
ti
f
icatio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
p
o
licy
d
ec
is
io
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
af
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Fo
r
p
o
licy
m
a
k
er
s
,
th
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
v
esti
n
g
in
ex
ten
s
iv
e
a
n
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
tr
ai
n
in
g
i
n
itiativ
es
th
at
en
co
m
p
ass
all
f
ac
ets
o
f
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
.
Su
ch
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
v
iewe
d
as
o
n
e
-
tim
e
e
v
en
ts
b
u
t
r
ath
er
as
cy
clica
l
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
th
at
allo
w
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
to
c
o
n
tin
u
ally
r
ef
in
e
t
h
eir
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IT
)
s
k
ills
,
eth
ical
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
ab
i
lity
to
o
p
er
ate
with
in
s
ec
u
r
e
d
i
g
ital e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Fo
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
c
r
ea
tio
n
o
f
cu
r
r
ic
u
la
an
d
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
p
r
ac
tic
al,
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
,
en
a
b
lin
g
teac
h
er
s
to
cu
ltiv
ate
th
es
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
a
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l a
n
d
co
n
tex
t
u
ally
r
elev
an
t m
an
n
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
On
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
c
o
mp
eten
ce
s
a
mo
n
g
Th
a
i seco
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l a
d
viso
r
y
…
(
B
o
v
o
r
n
p
o
t Ch
o
o
mp
u
n
u
ch
)
2737
4
.
1
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
i
o
ns
a
nd
f
uture
direct
io
ns
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
v
alid
ated
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
th
at
ca
n
g
u
id
e
n
atio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
is
m
o
d
el
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
er
v
ices,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
r
u
r
al
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
er
v
e
d
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
in
-
p
er
s
o
n
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
is
lim
ited
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
ass
ess
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
in
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
in
teg
r
atin
g
t
h
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
in
to
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
cu
r
r
icu
la
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
r
eg
u
lar
d
ig
ital
co
u
n
s
elin
g
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
co
u
ld
p
r
o
m
o
te
o
n
g
o
in
g
g
r
o
wth
i
n
ex
p
er
tis
e
with
in
th
e
f
ield
.
4
.
2
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
r
esear
ch
h
as
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
wo
r
th
d
is
cu
s
s
i
n
g
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
was
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
t
ea
ch
er
s
in
th
e
No
r
th
ea
s
ter
n
r
eg
io
n
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
o
n
ly
,
li
m
itin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
to
th
e
r
em
ai
n
d
er
o
f
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
e
r
s
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
T
h
is
r
estricts
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
esu
lts
to
o
th
er
p
ar
ts
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
o
cial
cu
ltu
r
es
.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
s
elf
-
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
es,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
s
k
ewe
d
b
y
co
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
v
ar
ian
ce
,
s
o
cially
d
esira
b
le
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
,
o
r
p
o
o
r
s
elf
-
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
is
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
an
d
t
h
u
s
p
r
o
v
id
es
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
r
ef
l
ec
ts
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
at
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
o
m
en
t
in
tim
e
b
u
t
is
n
o
t
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
ch
an
g
es
o
v
er
tim
e.
Fu
t
u
r
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
in
to
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
s
h
o
u
ld
em
p
lo
y
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
r
es
ea
r
ch
to
ass
ess
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
c
o
m
p
eten
cies o
v
er
tim
e
an
d
u
s
e
a
s
am
p
le
th
at
m
o
r
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
co
m
p
eten
cies
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
v
is
o
r
y
teac
h
er
s
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
em
p
h
asizes
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
AOC
,
SC
E
,
an
d
SC
S
,
wh
ich
will
f
ac
ilit
ate
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
d
i
g
ital
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
tar
g
eted
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
itiativ
es
to
f
a
cilitate
co
m
p
eten
t
,
eth
ical,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
will
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
p
o
licy
m
a
k
er
s
an
d
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
s
tr
iv
e
to
en
h
a
n
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
d
i
g
ital
l
ea
r
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
u
s
in
g
a
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
d
esig
n
to
ass
es
s
h
o
w
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies e
v
o
lv
e
o
v
er
tim
e
an
d
ex
p
an
d
th
e
s
tu
d
y
to
in
c
lu
d
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
ac
r
o
s
s
co
u
n
tr
ies
co
u
ld
o
f
f
er
g
l
o
b
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
b
est
p
r
ac
ti
ce
s
in
o
n
lin
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
t
r
a
in
in
g
a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
was
f
i
n
an
cially
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
T
h
ail
an
d
Scien
ce
R
esear
ch
an
d
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
(
T
SR
I
)
,
co
n
tr
ac
t n
u
m
b
er
6
6
0
6
8
1
/2
5
6
6
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
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E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
B
o
v
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r
n
p
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t
C
h
o
o
m
p
u
n
u
ch
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Du
s
s
ad
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L
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k
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ao
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
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W
ip
an
ee
Su
k
-
Erb
✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
Ph
am
o
r
n
p
u
n
Yu
r
ay
at
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
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d
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l
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So
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So
f
t
w
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r
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Va
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Va
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a
t
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Fo
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Fo
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D
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Au
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tate
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
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L
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T
h
e
d
ata
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at
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p
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[
DL
]
.
T
h
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ata,
w
h
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co
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tain
in
f
o
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m
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th
at
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p
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is
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th
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b
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a
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d
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e
to
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r
tain
r
estrictio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
S
.
I
.
A
n
saru
l
l
a
h
,
M
.
I
.
I
sl
a
m,
G
.
B
e
g
u
m,
a
n
d
N
.
A
.
B
h
a
t
,
“
L
e
v
e
r
a
g
i
n
g
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
o
o
l
s
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
sc
h
o
o
l
c
o
u
n
s
e
l
l
i
n
g
:
c
a
se
st
u
d
i
e
s
a
n
d
b
e
s
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
,
”
i
n
En
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
S
c
h
o
o
l
C
o
u
n
s
e
l
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
C
a
se
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t
u
d
i
e
s
,
E
.
Ç
e
l
a
,
V
.
P
a
l
i
k
t
z
o
g
l
o
u
,
S
.
S
.
S
e
n
g
a
r
,
P
.
E
a
p
p
e
n
,
a
n
d
N
.
R
.
V
a
j
j
h
a
l
a
,
E
d
s.
,
H
e
r
sh
e
y
,
P
A
:
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G
I
G
l
o
b
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
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c
P
u
b
l
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,
2
0
2
5
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4
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0
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3
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.
c
h
0
0
3
[
2
]
C
.
R
o
d
d
y
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
b
e
st
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
o
n
l
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
su
p
p
o
r
t
t
o
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
o
n
l
i
n
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
s:
a
n
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t
e
g
r
a
t
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v
e
r
e
v
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e
w
,
”
Fr
o
n
t
i
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n
E
d
u
c
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t
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o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
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p
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5
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0
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0
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.
[
3
]
M
.
A
.
K
a
r
a
m
a
n
,
H
.
Eşi
c
i
,
İ
.
H
.
To
mar
,
a
n
d
R
.
A
l
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e
v
,
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C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
:
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r
e
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h
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c
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u
n
s
e
l
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n
g
ser
v
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c
e
s
r
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a
d
y
?
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
’
p
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
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c
a
l
sy
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t
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ms
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sc
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l
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5
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[
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6
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[
1
7
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.
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