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alar
m
in
g
p
r
ev
alen
ce
in
th
is
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
5
9
.
7
%
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ian
s
ar
e
in
ter
n
et
u
s
er
s
,
with
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
r
ti
o
n
o
f
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e
[
1
0
]
.
E
m
p
ir
i
ca
l
ev
id
en
ce
f
u
r
th
er
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
p
r
ev
alen
ce
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
in
t
h
is
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
L
ai
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
6
6
%
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
i
n
Ma
lay
s
ian
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
an
d
co
lleg
es
h
ad
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
cy
b
e
r
b
u
lly
i
n
g
,
wi
th
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
h
ig
h
er
v
ictim
izatio
n
r
ates
th
an
m
ales,
a
n
d
Ma
lay
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
m
o
r
e
ca
s
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
eth
n
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Similar
ly
,
Pan
atik
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
e
m
p
h
asize
th
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
eq
u
ally
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
le
to
cy
b
e
r
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
d
u
e
to
th
ei
r
ex
ten
s
iv
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
e
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
lea
r
n
in
g
an
d
p
ee
r
in
ter
a
ctio
n
.
Desp
ite
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
r
ev
alen
c
e
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ically
o
n
th
is
p
o
p
u
latio
n
r
em
ain
s
lim
ited
.
Mu
ch
o
f
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
h
as
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
leav
in
g
a
g
ap
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
with
in
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
co
n
t
ex
t.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
r
esear
ch
o
n
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
,
wh
o
f
ac
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ac
ad
em
ic,
s
o
cial
an
d
d
ig
ital c
h
allen
g
e
s
.
T
o
b
etter
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
cy
b
er
b
u
l
ly
in
g
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
e
x
am
in
e
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
s
u
ch
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
id
en
tifie
d
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
F
r
o
m
a
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
p
r
io
r
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
in
b
u
lly
i
n
g
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
v
ictim
o
f
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
[
1
3
]
.
Ps
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
also
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
i
n
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
als
with
lo
w
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
tr
ess
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
cy
b
er
v
ictim
izatio
n
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
n
eg
ativ
e
tr
aits
s
u
c
h
as
Ma
c
h
ia
v
ellian
is
m
,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ass
o
ciate
d
with
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
[
1
5
]
,
w
h
ile
n
eg
ativ
e
s
elf
-
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
elf
-
d
e
p
r
ec
atio
n
,
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
lin
k
e
d
to
h
ig
h
er
lev
els
o
f
v
ictim
izati
o
n
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
s
o
cial
co
n
tex
t,
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
f
am
ily
an
d
p
ee
r
s
h
as
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
as
a
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
,
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
So
c
ial
co
m
p
eten
cies
s
u
ch
as
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
ass
er
tiv
e
n
ess
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
ab
ilit
ies also
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
r
e
d
u
cin
g
v
u
l
n
er
ab
ilit
y
to
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
Oth
er
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
ed
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
an
d
co
n
tex
tu
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ir
r
atio
n
al
b
elief
s
,
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
n
ee
d
s
.
Sab
an
cı
an
d
C
ek
ic
[
1
7
]
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
r
esil
ien
ce
,
ir
r
atio
n
al
b
elief
an
d
u
n
m
et
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
n
ee
d
s
wer
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
v
ictim
i
za
tio
n
.
I
n
th
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
co
n
tex
t,
T
alwa
r
[
1
8
]
id
en
tifie
d
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
lo
n
elin
ess
as
k
ey
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
a
m
o
n
g
p
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
ile
No
h
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
an
d
in
ter
n
et
ad
d
ictio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
p
r
e
d
icted
v
ictim
izatio
n
,
with
p
ar
en
tal
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
er
v
i
n
g
as
a
p
r
o
t
ec
tiv
e
f
ac
to
r
.
Desp
ite
th
e
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
,
m
o
s
t
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
r
ely
o
n
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
lim
ited
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
th
ese
p
s
y
ch
o
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
in
r
ea
l
-
life
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
Ma
la
y
s
ian
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
em
ain
s
s
ca
r
ce
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
aim
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
l
u
en
c
e
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
o
v
el
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
an
in
-
d
e
p
th
q
u
alitativ
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
h
o
w
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
in
te
r
ac
t
in
s
h
a
p
in
g
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
am
o
n
g
Ma
lay
s
ian
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
ates
with
in
d
ig
ital
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
an
d
o
n
lin
e
g
am
i
n
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
m
ay
in
f
o
r
m
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
co
u
n
s
ello
r
s
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
r
elev
an
t
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
in
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
in
g
ex
is
tin
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
d
ig
ital
citizen
s
h
ip
awa
r
en
ess
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
r
e
v
en
tiv
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
war
d
cr
ea
tin
g
s
af
er
o
n
lin
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
a
pp
ro
a
ch
a
nd
des
i
g
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
a
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ex
p
l
o
r
e
th
e
liv
ed
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
Giv
en
th
e
s
en
s
i
tiv
e
an
d
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
n
atu
r
e
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
,
q
u
alitativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
d
ee
m
ed
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
r
ich
,
in
-
d
ep
th
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
s
o
cial
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
.
A
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
a
h
o
lis
tic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
’
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
tex
ts
.
Pu
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
was
u
s
ed
to
r
ec
r
u
it
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
an
d
i
n
s
tan
t
m
ess
ag
in
g
p
l
atf
o
r
m
s
.
Du
e
t
o
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
s
yc
h
o
s
o
cia
l fa
cto
r
s
o
f c
yb
er
b
u
llyin
g
ex
p
erien
ce
d
b
y
Ma
la
ysia
n
p
u
b
lic
u
n
ivers
ity
…
(
S
iti N
u
r
fa
th
in
I
d
r
is
)
2797
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
th
e
to
p
ic,
s
n
o
wb
all
s
am
p
lin
g
was
al
s
o
ap
p
lied
,
wh
er
eb
y
in
itial
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
an
d
lectu
r
er
s
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
o
th
er
p
o
te
n
tial
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wh
o
m
et
th
e
s
tu
d
y
cr
iter
ia.
A
to
tal
o
f
f
iv
e
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
two
m
ales
an
d
th
r
ee
f
em
ales)
,
ag
e
d
2
2
-
2
6
y
ea
r
s
,
p
a
r
ticip
ated
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n pro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
ed
s
ev
e
r
al
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
tep
s
.
First,
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
p
r
o
to
co
l
was
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
ase
d
o
n
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
r
e
v
iew
o
f
r
elev
an
t
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
was
v
er
if
ied
b
y
f
o
u
r
ex
p
er
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
q
u
alita
tiv
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
s
tu
d
y
r
elate
d
d
o
m
ain
to
e
n
h
an
ce
clar
ity
a
n
d
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
.
Af
ter
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
eir
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
et
h
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
al
was
o
b
t
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
UT
M
R
esear
ch
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee.
Stu
d
y
in
v
itatio
n
was
d
is
s
em
in
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
latf
o
r
m
s
in
clu
d
in
g
em
ails
,
W
h
atsAp
p
,
a
n
d
I
n
s
tag
r
am
.
Po
ten
tial
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
wh
o
ex
p
r
ess
willin
g
n
ess
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
wer
e
th
en
p
r
o
v
id
ed
with
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
h
ee
t,
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t
f
o
r
m
,
an
d
th
e
f
i
n
alize
d
in
ter
v
iew
p
r
o
to
co
l
.
I
n
ter
v
iews
wer
e
s
c
h
ed
u
led
o
n
ly
af
ter
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
eir
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
ally
p
r
o
v
id
ed
i
n
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
all
eth
ical
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
wer
e
m
et
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
co
llec
tio
n
.
Data
was
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
,
in
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iews
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
etwe
en
Ma
r
ch
an
d
Ma
y
2
0
2
5
.
I
n
ter
v
iews
wer
e
h
eld
eith
er
in
p
er
s
o
n
o
r
o
n
lin
e,
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
an
t’
s
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
r
ee
i
n
ter
v
iews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
f
a
ce
-
to
-
f
ac
e
in
s
id
e
th
e
ca
m
p
u
s
,
wh
ile
two
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
lin
e
v
ia
th
e
W
eb
ex
p
latf
o
r
m
.
W
r
itten
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
all
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
s
tar
t
o
f
ea
ch
in
ter
v
iew.
All
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
au
d
io
-
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
an
d
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
eith
er
in
M
alay
o
r
E
n
g
lis
h
an
d
last
ed
b
etwe
en
3
0
an
d
1
0
0
m
in
u
tes.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
elicitin
g
r
ic
h
,
in
-
d
ep
th
in
s
ig
h
t
wh
ile
allo
win
g
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
to
d
is
cu
s
s
p
o
ten
tially
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
p
ics [
2
0
]
an
d
in
lin
e
with
m
eth
o
d
s
ad
o
p
ted
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
3
]
.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
All
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
au
d
io
-
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
an
d
m
an
u
ally
tr
an
s
cr
ib
ed
.
T
r
a
n
s
cr
ip
ts
wer
e
r
ea
d
m
u
l
tip
le
tim
es
to
ac
h
iev
e
f
a
m
iliar
ity
with
th
e
d
ata.
T
h
e
n
,
th
em
atic
an
al
y
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
ll
o
win
g
B
r
au
n
an
d
C
lar
k
e’
s
s
ix
-
s
tep
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
co
d
es
wer
e
g
en
er
ated
d
ed
u
c
tiv
ely
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ed
eter
m
i
n
e
d
co
n
ce
p
ts
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
a
n
d
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
th
e
o
r
etica
l
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
b
y
u
s
in
g
NViv
o
s
o
f
t
war
e
(
v
er
s
io
n
1
5
)
.
T
h
ese
co
d
es
wer
e
ap
p
lied
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
to
ea
ch
t
r
an
s
cr
ip
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
in
f
o
r
m
an
t.
T
h
e
co
d
ed
d
ata
was
th
en
o
r
g
an
ized
in
to
ca
teg
o
r
ies
u
s
i
n
g
th
em
atic
n
etwo
r
k
d
iag
r
a
m
s
,
f
r
o
m
w
h
ich
th
em
es
alig
n
e
d
with
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es.
E
ac
h
co
d
e
was
c
ar
ef
u
lly
ex
am
i
n
ed
to
r
ef
i
n
e
th
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
th
em
e
an
d
to
d
escr
ib
e
h
o
w
it
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
ef
in
ed
th
e
m
es
wer
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
p
r
esen
te
d
in
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
r
ep
o
r
t,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
d
etailed
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etativ
e
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
,
an
aly
tic
t
r
ian
g
u
latio
n
was
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
An
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
i
n
th
e
f
ield
r
ev
iews c
o
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es a
n
d
r
ef
in
es th
em
es u
n
til th
e
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
is
ac
h
iev
ed
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
two
m
ain
th
em
es,
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Fin
d
in
g
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
u
s
in
g
v
er
b
atim
q
u
o
tatio
n
s
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
with
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
am
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
3
.
1
.
P
s
y
cho
lo
g
ica
l
f
a
ct
o
rs
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
es
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
h
at
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
b
e
c
o
m
i
n
g
v
i
c
t
i
m
s
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
.
T
h
ese
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
r
e
c
at
e
g
o
r
i
z
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
r
e
e
m
a
i
n
s
u
b
t
h
e
m
es
:
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
a
l
,
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
,
a
n
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
t
y
f
a
ct
o
r
s
,
r
e
p
r
es
e
n
t
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
d
i
m
en
s
i
o
n
s
as
s
o
ci
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
c
y
b
e
r
b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
es
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ps
y
ch
o
l
o
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
7
9
5
-
2
8
0
5
2798
3
.
1
.
1
.
B
eha
v
io
ra
l
f
a
c
t
o
rs
W
ith
in
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
f
ac
t
o
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
u
b
-
th
e
m
e
id
en
tifie
d
is
p
ass
iv
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
T
h
is
s
u
b
-
th
em
e
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
ten
d
en
c
y
o
f
v
ictim
s
to
ac
ce
p
t
ac
tio
n
s
o
r
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
im
p
o
s
ed
b
y
o
th
e
r
s
with
o
u
t
co
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
o
r
q
u
esti
o
n
in
g
.
Pas
s
iv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
is
o
f
ten
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
h
y
n
ess
o
r
lo
w
s
el
f
-
esteem
an
d
ca
n
b
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
y
p
er
p
etr
ato
r
s
as
a
s
ig
n
o
f
wea
k
n
ess
o
r
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
[
2
5
]
.
Fin
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
ter
v
iews
in
d
icate
d
th
at
s
ev
er
al
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
id
en
tif
ied
th
eir
p
ass
iv
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es a
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t f
ac
to
r
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
eir
co
n
tin
u
ed
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
Am
ir
ah
,
B
ad
r
u
l
,
an
d
Dam
ia
r
ef
l
ec
ted
th
at
th
eir
ten
d
en
c
y
to
r
em
ain
s
ilen
t
was
a
p
r
im
ar
y
r
ea
ctio
n
to
o
n
lin
e
h
a
r
ass
m
en
t.
Am
ir
ah
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
h
o
w
h
e
r
b
elief
i
n
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
f
r
o
n
tatio
n
m
ig
h
t h
av
e
in
ad
v
e
r
ten
tly
en
c
o
u
r
ag
ed
t
h
e
p
er
p
etr
ato
r
,
s
tatin
g
:
“
Ma
yb
e
p
eo
p
le
ke
e
p
d
o
in
g
it
(
cy
b
erb
u
llyin
g
)
b
ec
a
u
s
e
I
s
ta
y
q
u
iet?
F
r
o
m
w
h
a
t
I
b
elief,
I
a
lw
a
ys
r
eme
mb
er
th
a
t
w
h
en
s
o
meo
n
e
th
r
o
w
s
s
o
meth
in
g
a
t
u
s
,
w
e
s
h
o
u
ld
n
’
t
r
esp
o
n
d
.
S
o
,
w
h
en
it
h
a
p
p
e
n
ed
,
I
d
id
n
’
t sa
y
a
n
yth
in
g
.
I
ju
s
t sta
ye
d
s
ilen
t.
”
Similar
ly
,
B
ad
r
u
l
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
an
d
Dam
ia
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
ec
h
o
ed
th
is
s
en
tim
en
t,
n
o
tin
g
th
at
th
ey
ch
o
s
e
n
o
t
to
r
esp
o
n
d
wh
e
n
in
s
u
lted
o
n
lin
e.
T
h
ese
n
ar
r
ativ
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at,
am
o
n
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
,
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
w
er
e
o
f
ten
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
a
s
s
iv
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
Gah
ag
an
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
,
wh
ich
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
t
h
at
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
ten
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
o
r
ig
n
o
r
e
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
d
ir
ec
ted
at
th
em
.
A
p
o
s
s
ib
l
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
f
o
r
th
is
tr
en
d
is
th
at
v
ictim
s
m
ay
p
er
ce
i
v
e
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
as
u
n
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
af
ter
ass
ess
in
g
t
h
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
e
p
o
wer
d
y
n
am
ics
in
v
o
lv
e
d
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
b
eh
av
io
r
al
av
o
id
an
ce
m
ay
,
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es,
p
er
p
etu
ate
v
ictim
izatio
n
b
y
s
ig
n
alin
g
to
ag
g
r
ess
o
r
s
a
lack
o
f
r
esis
tan
ce
,
th
er
eb
y
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
c
y
b
er
v
ictim
izatio
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
f
o
r
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
ass
iv
e
co
p
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
wh
ile
in
ten
d
ed
to
d
e
-
escalate
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
m
ay
i
n
ad
v
er
ten
tly
lead
to
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
v
ictim
izatio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
lack
o
f
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
p
etr
ato
r
.
Un
iv
er
s
ity
m
ay
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
a
c
o
p
in
g
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
to
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
t
o
h
el
p
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
esp
o
n
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
to
o
n
lin
e
h
a
r
ass
m
en
t.
3
.
1
.
2
.
Co
g
nitiv
e
f
a
ct
o
rs
W
ith
in
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
,
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
s
p
ec
if
ically
lo
w
s
elf
-
esteem
a
n
d
ir
r
atio
n
al
b
elief
s
,
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
s
h
a
p
in
g
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
to
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
m
a
y
f
o
s
ter
n
eg
ativ
e
s
elf
-
p
e
r
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
an
d
d
is
to
r
te
d
th
in
k
in
g
p
atter
n
s
th
at
in
ten
s
if
y
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
o
n
lin
e
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
L
o
w
s
elf
-
esteem
d
ef
in
e
d
as
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
s
elf
-
wo
r
th
[
2
8
]
.
W
h
en
th
is
s
elf
-
wo
r
t
h
is
d
im
in
is
h
ed
,
in
d
iv
id
u
als
o
f
ten
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
em
s
elv
es
as
less
v
alu
ab
le,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
m
m
o
r
e
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
to
n
eg
ativ
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
in
o
n
lin
e
c
o
n
tex
ts
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
B
ad
r
u
l
a
n
d
C
alip
h
li
n
k
ed
th
ei
r
lo
w
s
elf
-
esteem
to
th
eir
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
o
n
lin
e
g
am
in
g
.
B
ad
r
u
l
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
e
x
p
lain
ed
h
o
w
th
e
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
wea
k
n
ess
o
f
h
is
g
am
in
g
ch
a
r
ac
ter
m
ir
r
o
r
ed
h
is
o
wn
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
in
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
lead
in
g
to
r
ep
ea
ted
p
r
o
v
o
ca
ti
o
n
:
“
Yes
,
my
ch
a
r
a
cter
is
n
’
t
a
s
s
t
r
o
n
g
a
s
th
eirs
(
p
erp
etra
to
r
s
)
.
I
t
feels
w
ea
k
a
n
d
less
p
o
w
erfu
l
n
o
w
,
w
h
ich
is
w
h
y
it’s n
o
t v
ery
imp
r
ess
ive
(
to
th
em)
.
”
Similar
ly
,
C
a
li
p
h
(
p
s
e
u
d
o
n
y
m
)
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
e
d
o
n
h
o
w
u
n
d
e
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
in
g
am
es
led
to
a
p
atter
n
o
f
s
elf
-
d
ep
r
ec
atin
g
th
o
u
g
h
ts
.
T
h
e
cr
iticis
m
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
team
m
ates f
u
r
t
h
er
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
h
is
n
eg
ativ
e
s
elf
-
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
:
“
I
o
ften
en
g
a
g
ed
in
s
elf
-
d
e
p
r
ec
a
tin
g
th
o
u
g
h
ts
.
I
w
o
u
ld
p
u
t
myself
d
o
w
n
s
o
mu
ch
th
a
t
it
e
ve
n
tu
a
lly
ma
d
e
me
feel
lo
w
a
n
d
le
d
to
s
t
r
ess
.
”
T
h
ese
n
ar
r
ativ
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at,
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
,
t
h
at
f
r
ag
ile
s
elf
-
esteem
m
an
if
ests
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ee
p
s
elf
-
d
o
u
b
t,
wh
ich
d
is
co
u
r
ag
es
v
ictim
s
f
r
o
m
s
ee
k
in
g
h
elp
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
alig
n
s
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
2
9
]
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
lo
w
s
elf
-
esteem
in
cr
ea
s
es
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
o
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
,
wh
er
ea
s
h
ea
l
th
y
s
elf
-
esteem
ac
ts
as
a
p
r
o
tectiv
e
s
h
ield
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
also
in
d
icate
d
th
at
ir
r
atio
n
al
b
elief
s
d
ef
in
ed
as
r
ig
id
,
ab
s
o
lu
tis
t
an
d
u
n
r
ea
lis
tic
th
in
k
in
g
p
atter
n
s
d
is
to
r
t
a
v
ictim
'
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
r
ea
lity
an
d
n
eg
ativ
ely
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
eir
em
o
tio
n
al
well
-
b
ein
g
[
3
0
]
.
Am
ir
ah
(
p
s
e
u
d
o
n
y
m
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
clea
r
ex
am
p
le
o
f
"b
lac
k
-
an
d
-
wh
it
e"
th
in
k
in
g
.
Desp
ite
h
av
in
g
c
o
n
tact
with
f
r
ie
n
d
s
v
i
a
telep
h
o
n
e,
s
h
e
m
ain
tain
ed
a
n
ir
r
atio
n
al
b
elief
th
at
s
h
e
was e
n
tire
ly
is
o
lated
:
“
I
r
ea
lly
a
m
a
lo
n
e.
On
e
h
u
n
d
r
ed
p
ercen
t
a
lo
n
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
I
d
o
n
’
t
ta
lk
to
a
n
y
o
n
e.
E
ve
n
w
ith
my
fr
ien
d
s
,
w
e
o
n
ly
co
mmu
n
ica
te
o
ve
r
th
e
p
h
o
n
e.
S
o
p
h
ysica
lly,
it’s ju
s
t m
e
a
n
d
myself.
”
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
s
yc
h
o
s
o
cia
l fa
cto
r
s
o
f c
yb
er
b
u
llyin
g
ex
p
erien
ce
d
b
y
Ma
la
ysia
n
p
u
b
lic
u
n
ivers
ity
…
(
S
iti N
u
r
fa
th
in
I
d
r
is
)
2799
T
h
is
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
b
ein
g
"o
n
e
h
u
n
d
r
e
d
p
er
ce
n
t
alo
n
e"
s
u
g
g
ests
a
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
s
o
cial
ex
clu
s
io
n
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
w
h
er
e
cy
b
e
r
b
u
lly
i
n
g
ca
n
p
er
s
is
t
u
n
ch
allen
g
ed
.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
wi
th
f
in
d
in
g
s
b
y
Sab
an
ci
an
d
C
ek
ic
[
1
7
]
,
wh
ich
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ir
r
atio
n
al
th
in
k
in
g
p
atter
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
a
tar
g
et
f
o
r
cy
b
e
r
b
u
llies
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
in
g
co
u
n
s
ellin
g
s
er
v
ices
in
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
s
elf
-
esteem
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
ar
g
eted
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
s
.
3
.
1
.
3
.
P
er
s
o
na
lity
f
a
ct
o
rs
W
ith
in
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
wh
ic
h
in
clu
d
e
ex
tr
av
e
r
s
io
n
an
d
in
t
r
o
v
er
s
io
n
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
W
h
ile
th
ese
two
tr
ait
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
o
p
p
o
s
ite
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
ality
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
b
o
th
w
er
e
s
h
o
wn
to
cr
ea
te
u
n
iq
u
e
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies
in
th
e
o
n
lin
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
E
x
tr
av
e
r
ted
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
,
ch
a
r
a
cter
ized
b
y
s
o
ciab
ilit
y
,
e
x
p
r
ess
iv
en
ess
an
d
an
o
p
en
n
ess
to
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
o
th
er
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
in
f
lu
en
ce
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
to
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
wh
o
d
is
p
lay
e
d
h
i
g
h
lev
els
o
f
ex
tr
av
e
r
s
io
n
o
f
ten
f
ac
ed
r
is
k
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
A
m
ir
ah
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
d
escr
ib
ed
h
er
s
elf
as
n
atu
r
ally
ca
r
ef
r
ee
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ab
le,
w
h
ich
led
h
er
to
r
e
ad
ily
ac
ce
p
t
f
r
ien
d
s
h
ip
r
e
q
u
ests
f
r
o
m
s
tr
an
g
e
r
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
ex
tr
av
er
t
p
er
s
o
n
ality
was
later
ex
p
lo
ited
b
y
a
p
er
p
etr
ato
r
wh
o
u
s
ed
th
ese
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
s
talk
h
er
o
n
lin
e
p
r
esen
ce
.
Sh
e
n
a
r
r
ated
:
“
I
u
s
ed
to
b
e
ca
r
efree
a
n
d
ve
r
y
fr
ien
d
ly,
a
lw
a
ys
o
p
en
to
ma
kin
g
n
ew
fr
ien
d
s
.
B
u
t
th
en
s
o
meo
n
e
u
s
ed
th
eir fr
ien
d
s
’
a
cc
o
u
n
ts
to
s
ta
lk
me
a
n
d
ch
ec
k
my
s
o
cia
l
med
ia
a
ctivity.
”
Similar
ly
,
E
m
m
a
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
ex
tr
av
e
r
ted
ten
d
en
cies
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
er
ea
s
e
in
s
h
ar
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
s
o
ci
al
m
ed
ia,
w
h
ich
in
a
d
v
er
te
n
tly
ex
p
o
s
ed
h
er
t
o
h
a
r
ass
m
en
t.
T
h
ese
ac
co
u
n
ts
illu
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
s
o
ciab
ilit
y
a
n
d
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
s
elf
-
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
o
n
lin
e
r
is
k
s
.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
6
]
,
[
3
2
]
,
wh
ich
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
o
u
twar
d
-
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
n
atu
r
e
o
f
ex
tr
o
v
e
r
ts
m
ay
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
eir
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
b
ec
o
m
in
g
tar
g
ets.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
in
tr
o
v
er
ted
tr
aits
s
u
ch
as
r
ese
r
v
ed
b
eh
av
i
o
r
a
n
d
ca
u
tio
u
s
s
o
cial
en
g
ag
em
en
t
also
p
r
esen
ted
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies.
C
alip
h
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
,
wh
o
id
en
tifie
s
h
im
s
elf
as
an
in
tr
o
v
er
te
d
,
in
t
u
itiv
e,
f
ee
lin
g
,
ju
d
g
in
g
(
I
NFJ
)
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
MBTI
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
3
3
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
h
is
in
tr
o
v
er
ted
n
atu
r
e
m
ad
e
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
h
im
to
ar
ticu
late
th
o
u
g
h
ts
q
u
ick
l
y
.
T
h
is
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tr
u
g
g
le
was e
x
p
lo
ited
b
y
p
er
p
etr
at
o
r
s
to
h
u
m
iliate
h
im
o
n
lin
e:
“
I
a
m
a
n
I
N
F
J.
.
.
I
fin
d
it
h
a
r
d
to
q
u
ickly
a
r
ticu
la
te
o
r
fo
r
m
co
mp
lete
s
en
ten
ce
s
.
B
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
is
,
th
ey
(
p
erp
etra
to
r
s
)
ta
r
g
eted
m
e,
lo
o
kin
g
fo
r
my
mis
ta
ke
s
a
n
d
mo
ck
in
g
me.
”
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
3
4
]
,
wh
ich
in
d
ic
ate
th
at
n
o
n
-
ex
tr
o
v
er
ted
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
ar
e
o
f
ten
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
eser
v
e
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
lim
ited
ass
er
tiv
en
ess
ty
p
ically
ass
o
ciate
d
with
in
tr
o
v
er
s
io
n
c
an
b
e
m
is
in
ter
p
r
ete
d
as
a
lack
o
f
d
ef
en
s
e,
th
er
e
b
y
in
v
itin
g
o
n
lin
e
h
ar
ass
m
en
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
a
s
tu
d
en
t'
s
p
er
s
o
n
ality
,
wh
eth
er
ex
tr
o
v
er
ted
o
r
i
n
tr
o
v
er
ted
,
p
lay
s
a
r
o
le
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
’
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
ilit
y
to
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
E
x
tr
o
v
er
ts
ten
d
to
b
e
tar
g
eted
d
u
e
to
th
eir
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
o
n
lin
e
ac
tiv
ity
,
wh
er
ea
s
in
tr
o
v
er
ts
ar
e
ex
p
lo
ited
b
ec
au
s
e
b
u
llies
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
em
as
ea
s
ier
tar
g
ets
wh
o
lack
d
ef
en
s
e
[
3
2
]
.
3
.
2
.
So
cia
l F
a
ct
o
rs
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
o
f
s
o
cial
f
ac
t
o
r
s
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
en
ce
s
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
-
th
em
es:
p
ee
r
s
,
f
am
ily
,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
an
d
o
n
lin
e
g
a
m
in
g
,
r
ef
lectin
g
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t so
cial
co
n
tex
ts
r
elate
d
to
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
So
cial
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
2
7
9
5
-
2
8
0
5
2800
3
.
2
.
1
.
P
ee
rs’
re
la
t
io
ns
hip
s
W
ith
in
th
e
s
o
cial
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
,
p
ee
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
e
m
er
g
e
d
as o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
cial
f
ac
to
r
s
in
cy
b
e
r
b
u
lly
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
p
ee
r
d
ep
en
d
en
cy
a
n
d
s
o
cial
e
x
clu
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
th
at
to
x
ic
p
ee
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
m
ay
h
eig
h
ten
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
t
o
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
No
tab
ly
,
s
o
m
e
v
ictim
s
r
em
a
in
ed
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
p
ee
r
s
wh
o
e
n
g
ag
e
d
in
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
d
u
e
to
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
s
o
cial
b
en
ef
its
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
B
ad
r
u
l
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
co
n
tin
u
ed
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
p
ee
r
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
h
e
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
em
f
o
r
o
n
lin
e
g
am
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
“
I
felt
th
a
t
I
n
ee
d
e
d
to
ke
ep
p
la
yin
g
(
w
ith
th
em)
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
ey
(
th
e
p
erp
etra
to
r
s
)
w
ere
s
h
a
r
in
g
u
s
efu
l tip
s
a
n
d
u
p
d
a
tes a
b
o
u
t t
h
e
g
a
me,
s
o
I
th
o
u
g
h
t it
w
a
s
imp
o
r
ta
n
t to
co
n
tin
u
e
p
a
r
ticip
a
tin
g
.
”
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
e
d
esire
to
r
em
ain
p
a
r
t
o
f
a
s
p
ec
ialized
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
(
s
u
ch
as
g
am
in
g
)
o
u
tweig
h
s
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
p
r
o
tect
th
eir
em
o
tio
n
al
well
-
b
ein
g
,
lea
d
in
g
to
p
r
o
lo
n
g
e
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
ab
u
s
e.
So
cial
ex
clu
s
io
n
an
d
b
r
ea
ch
o
f
tr
u
s
t
b
y
p
ee
r
s
wer
e
also
id
en
tifie
d
as
cr
itical
f
a
cto
r
s
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
ed
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
to
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Dam
ia
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
d
escr
ib
e
d
h
o
w
b
ein
g
m
a
r
g
in
alize
d
an
d
ig
n
o
r
ed
i
n
p
h
y
s
ical
g
r
o
u
p
s
ettin
g
s
ev
en
tu
ally
tr
an
s
lated
i
n
to
o
n
lin
e
r
id
icu
le:
“
Th
ey
ex
clu
d
ed
me.
E
ve
n
a
fter
I
tr
ied
to
r
ec
o
n
cile,
th
ey
ig
n
o
r
ed
me.
.
.
Th
is
ma
d
e
it
ea
s
ier
fo
r
th
em
to
mo
ck
me
o
n
lin
e
.
”
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
Am
ir
ah
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
b
ec
am
e
a
v
ictim
wh
e
n
h
er
f
r
ie
n
d
s
s
h
ar
ed
h
er
p
er
s
o
n
al
m
atter
s
with
o
u
ts
id
er
s
.
T
h
is
b
r
ea
ch
o
f
p
r
iv
ac
y
wh
er
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
s
p
r
ea
d
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
o
cial
cir
cles
o
v
er
s
ev
er
al
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
ese
n
ar
r
ativ
e
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
p
ee
r
s
ca
n
ac
tiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
a
n
in
f
o
r
m
an
ts
’
r
is
k
o
f
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
v
ictim
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
ar
g
i
n
aliza
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
x
p
l
o
itatio
n
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
3
5
]
,
[
3
6
]
,
wh
o
em
p
h
asized
th
at
wh
ile
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
ee
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
p
r
o
tectiv
e
b
u
f
f
er
,
n
eg
ativ
e
p
ee
r
d
y
n
am
ics
s
u
ch
as
ex
clu
s
io
n
an
d
b
etr
ay
al
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
I
t
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
at
"to
x
ic"
p
e
er
cir
cles
ca
n
tr
ap
v
ictim
s
in
a
cy
cle
o
f
h
ar
ass
m
en
t
th
at
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
b
r
ea
k
d
u
e
to
s
o
cial
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
cy
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
p
r
o
m
o
te
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
ee
r
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
ee
r
-
m
e
n
to
r
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
awa
r
e
n
ess
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
to
r
e
d
u
ce
e
x
clu
s
io
n
an
d
h
ar
m
f
u
l p
ee
r
d
y
n
a
m
ics.
3
.
2
.
2
.
P
a
re
nting
s
t
y
les
W
ith
in
th
e
s
o
cial
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
,
p
ar
en
tin
g
s
ty
le
was
id
e
n
tifie
d
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
to
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
Par
e
n
tin
g
s
ty
l
e
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
ar
en
ts
u
s
e
in
ch
ild
-
r
ea
r
in
g
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
’
n
ar
r
ativ
es
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
s
tr
ict
o
r
a
u
th
o
r
itar
ia
n
p
a
r
en
tin
g
was
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
b
y
in
f
o
r
m
a
n
ts
to
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
eir
o
n
lin
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
an
d
s
u
s
ce
p
ti
b
ilit
y
to
b
ec
o
m
in
g
tar
g
ets.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
au
th
o
r
itar
ian
p
ar
en
tin
g
,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
h
ig
h
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
r
ig
id
r
u
les,
ca
n
lead
to
a
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
in
tr
u
s
t
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
C
alip
h
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
d
esc
r
ib
ed
h
is
p
ar
e
n
ts
as
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
tr
ict,
esp
ec
ially
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
r
elig
io
u
s
m
atter
s
.
He
p
er
ce
iv
ed
t
h
eir
ad
v
ice
as
m
an
ip
u
lativ
e
a
n
d
f
elt
b
lam
e
d
f
o
r
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
wh
ich
u
ltima
tely
led
h
im
to
s
e
ek
r
ef
u
g
e
in
o
n
lin
e
g
a
m
in
g
:
“
My
p
a
r
en
ts
w
ere
ve
r
y
s
t
r
ict.
Th
ey
o
ften
g
a
ve
a
d
vice
in
a
m
a
n
n
er
I
felt
w
a
s
ma
n
ip
u
la
tive,
b
la
min
g
me
fo
r
in
cid
en
ts
a
n
d
ma
ki
n
g
me
r
elu
cta
n
t
to
s
h
a
r
e
my
p
r
o
b
lems,
w
h
ich
led
me
to
en
g
a
g
e
in
p
la
yin
g
g
a
mes.
”
Similar
ly
,
E
m
m
a
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
r
ef
lecte
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
tr
ictn
ess
o
f
h
er
p
ar
en
ts
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
u
s
ag
e.
Desp
ite
th
e
r
estrictio
n
s
im
p
o
s
ed
b
y
h
er
m
o
th
e
r
,
s
h
e
co
n
tin
u
e
d
to
u
s
e
s
o
cial
m
ed
i
a
an
d
o
cc
asio
n
ally
d
ef
ied
th
eir
a
d
v
ice,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
g
ap
in
o
p
en
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
ese
n
ar
r
ativ
es
illu
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
au
th
o
r
itar
ian
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
p
ar
en
tin
g
,
wh
ic
h
o
f
ten
lack
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
g
u
id
a
n
ce
[
3
7
]
,
ca
n
im
p
ed
e
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
p
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
an
d
ass
er
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
.
W
h
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
th
e
y
ca
n
n
o
t
t
u
r
n
to
t
h
eir
p
ar
en
ts
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
r
f
ea
r
b
ein
g
b
lam
ed
,
th
ey
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
h
i
d
e
th
eir
o
n
lin
e
s
tr
u
g
g
les,
th
e
r
eb
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
eir
r
is
k
o
f
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
i
n
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
3
8
]
,
w
h
ich
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
a
lack
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
p
ar
en
tin
g
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
r
e
d
icto
r
o
f
an
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
v
ictim
in
th
e
d
ig
ital la
n
d
s
ca
p
e.
3
.
2
.
3
.
So
cia
l
m
edia
eng
a
g
e
ment
W
ith
in
th
e
s
o
cial
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
with
s
o
cial
m
ed
i
a
p
latf
o
r
m
s
p
la
y
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al’
s
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
to
c
y
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
Hig
h
lev
els
o
f
o
n
lin
e
v
is
ib
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
u
b
licly
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
ac
co
u
n
ts
m
ay
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
i
s
k
o
f
b
ein
g
tar
g
eted
b
y
p
er
p
etr
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
ls
h
o
w
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
s
yc
h
o
s
o
cia
l fa
cto
r
s
o
f c
yb
er
b
u
llyin
g
ex
p
erien
ce
d
b
y
Ma
la
ysia
n
p
u
b
lic
u
n
ivers
ity
…
(
S
iti N
u
r
fa
th
in
I
d
r
is
)
2801
co
n
ten
t
s
h
ar
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
a
r
e
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
v
ictim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
m
ain
tain
in
g
p
u
b
lic
p
r
o
f
iles
o
f
ten
lead
s
to
u
n
wan
ted
atte
n
tio
n
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
n
t
E
m
m
a
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
s
h
ar
ed
th
a
t
h
er
in
itial
lack
o
f
p
r
iv
ac
y
r
e
s
tr
ictio
n
s
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
m
ad
e
h
er
m
o
r
e
v
u
ln
er
a
b
le,
p
r
o
m
p
tin
g
h
er
to
tak
e
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es late
r
f
o
r
h
er
s
af
ety
:
“
P
r
ev
io
u
s
ly,
my
I
n
s
ta
g
r
a
m
a
c
co
u
n
t
w
a
s
p
u
b
lic,
b
u
t
I
la
ter
ma
d
e
it
p
r
iva
te
a
n
d
r
emo
ve
d
u
n
kn
o
w
n
fo
llo
w
ers
fo
r
s
a
fety
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
I
a
ls
o
limited
th
e
n
u
mb
er o
f
p
u
b
lic
p
o
s
ts
o
n
TikTo
k.
”
T
h
is
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
in
p
r
iv
ac
y
s
ettin
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
s
tr
u
g
g
le
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
b
alan
ce
s
o
cial
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
with
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
af
ety
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
illu
s
tr
ate
th
at
co
n
ten
t
s
h
ar
ed
with
b
en
i
g
n
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
ten
tio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
m
alicio
u
s
ly
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iated
b
y
o
th
er
s
.
E
m
m
a
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
f
u
r
th
er
ex
p
r
ess
ed
h
o
w
h
er
o
n
lin
e
p
r
esen
ce
,
wh
ich
wa
s
in
ten
d
ed
to
s
h
o
wca
s
e
h
e
r
in
t
er
ests
,
was
m
is
u
s
ed
b
y
p
e
r
p
et
r
ato
r
s
,
lead
in
g
t
o
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
s
en
s
e
o
f
in
s
ec
u
r
ity
:
“
I
to
o
k
p
ictu
r
es
b
ec
a
u
s
e
I
en
jo
ye
d
c
a
p
tu
r
in
g
b
ea
u
ty,
n
o
t
to
p
r
o
v
o
ke
a
n
yo
n
e.
Yet,
s
o
meo
n
e
ex
p
lo
ited
th
em,
w
h
ich
ma
d
e
m
e
feel
u
n
co
mfo
r
ta
b
le
a
n
d
u
n
s
a
fe.
”
T
h
ese
n
ar
r
ativ
es
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
a
cr
itical
r
am
if
icatio
n
o
f
s
o
c
ial
m
ed
ia
e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
th
at
t
h
e
"d
ig
ital
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t"
o
f
a
s
tu
d
en
t m
ay
b
e
ex
p
lo
ited
r
eg
a
r
d
less
o
f
th
eir
o
r
ig
in
al
in
ten
t.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
in
d
icate
s
th
at
f
r
eq
u
en
t
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
u
s
e
an
d
h
ig
h
v
is
ib
ilit
y
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
h
ig
h
er
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
o
f
b
u
ll
y
in
g
v
ictim
izatio
n
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
f
o
r
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
m
u
s
t
ex
ten
d
b
ey
o
n
d
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
to
in
clu
d
e
a
d
ee
p
er
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
h
o
w
th
eir
o
n
lin
e
p
r
esen
ce
ca
n
b
e
m
an
ip
u
lated
b
y
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
is
also
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
d
ig
ital
citizen
s
h
ip
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
to
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
to
en
h
an
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
o
n
lin
e
s
af
ety
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
co
n
te
n
t sh
ar
in
g
.
3
.
2
.
4
.
O
nli
ne
g
a
m
ing
R
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
o
n
lin
e
g
a
m
in
g
was
id
e
n
tifie
d
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tex
t
i
n
wh
ich
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
o
cc
u
r
s
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
v
ir
tu
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
n
s
tan
t
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
k
n
o
wn
p
ee
r
s
an
d
a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
p
lay
er
s
,
ca
n
b
ec
o
m
e
s
p
ac
es wh
er
e
h
ar
ass
m
en
t o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
a
t
th
e
co
m
p
etitiv
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
g
am
es
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
lea
d
s
to
v
er
b
al
ab
u
s
e
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
d
is
tr
ess
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
h
ar
ass
m
en
t
in
g
a
m
in
g
o
f
ten
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
a
lac
k
o
f
to
ler
an
ce
f
o
r
p
er
ce
iv
ed
wea
k
n
ess
o
r
p
o
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
B
ad
r
u
l
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
y
m
)
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
en
g
a
g
in
g
i
n
o
n
lin
e
g
am
in
g
with
f
r
ien
d
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
ex
p
o
s
ed
h
im
to
v
er
b
al
r
id
icu
le,
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
h
is
s
k
ill lev
el:
“
He
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
a
t
w
h
ile
en
g
a
g
in
g
in
o
n
lin
e
g
a
min
g
w
ith
fr
ien
d
s
,
th
ey
fr
eq
u
en
tly
ex
p
erien
ce
d
ve
r
b
a
l
h
a
r
a
s
s
men
t.
P
ee
r
s
w
o
u
ld
r
id
icu
le
h
im,
o
ften
ma
kin
g
co
mme
n
ts
a
b
o
u
t
h
is
p
erceive
d
la
ck
o
f
s
kill o
r
w
ea
kn
ess
.
”
Similar
ly
,
C
alip
h
(
p
s
eu
d
o
n
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m
)
s
h
ar
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at
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ter
m
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lv
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o
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lin
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in
ce
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f
1
3
h
as
ex
p
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ed
h
im
to
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er
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n
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ted
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g
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e
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en
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ig
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if
ican
t p
s
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ch
o
lo
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ical
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r
u
s
tr
atio
n
:
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I
s
ta
r
ted
p
la
yi
n
g
o
n
lin
e
g
a
m
es
a
t
a
g
e
1
3
w
ith
b
o
th
fr
ien
d
s
a
n
d
s
tr
a
n
g
ers
.
Wh
en
my
g
r
o
u
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lo
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es
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I
w
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
o
vo
ke
d
w
ith
o
ffe
n
s
ive
la
n
g
u
a
g
e,
ca
u
s
in
g
s
tr
ess
a
n
d
fr
u
s
tr
a
tio
n
.
”
T
h
ese
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
illu
s
tr
ate
th
at
o
n
lin
e
g
am
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
u
n
iq
u
e
s
o
cial
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n
t
ex
t
wh
er
e
ag
g
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ess
iv
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
m
ay
b
e
n
o
r
m
alize
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in
s
o
m
e
g
am
in
g
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
t
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
4
0
]
,
wh
ich
id
en
tifie
d
o
n
lin
e
g
am
in
g
as
a
co
m
m
o
n
s
ettin
g
f
o
r
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
g
.
I
t
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
g
am
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
m
ay
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ec
o
m
e
h
ig
h
-
r
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k
en
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ir
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n
m
en
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wh
er
e
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m
p
etitiv
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y
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ics
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u
n
m
et
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u
p
ex
p
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tatio
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co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
n
eg
ativ
e
o
n
lin
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
d
ig
itally
s
u
p
p
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r
ted
p
r
ev
en
tiv
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d
c
o
u
n
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ellin
g
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
s
th
at
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
s
y
ch
o
s
o
cial
well
-
b
ein
g
,
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
alu
es,
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
[
4
1
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
f
ac
t
o
r
s
o
f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
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g
v
i
ctim
izatio
n
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
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v
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in
f
lu
en
ce
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y
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co
m
p
le
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ter
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f
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r
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p
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to
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ai
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g
o
f
p
s
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lo
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ical
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d
s
o
cial
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ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
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ical
d
im
en
s
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clu
d
es
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co
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o
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aits
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wh
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s
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f
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to
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s
en
co
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p
ass
p
ee
r
r
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h
ip
s
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p
ar
en
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ty
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s
o
cial
m
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d
i
a
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a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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esu
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at
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u
lly
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th
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tu
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n
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r
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th
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etwe
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i
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ab
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s
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p
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ig
h
lig
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n
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is
s
tu
d
y
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s
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u
b
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itatio
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all
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ay
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A
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d
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ally
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ased
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m
en
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ak
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p
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eh
e
n
s
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s
tr
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to
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ed
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ce
th
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r
is
k
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f
cy
b
er
b
u
lly
in
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v
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am
o
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g
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tu
d
en
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cially
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ter
v
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tio
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s
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ld
in
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d
e
p
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er
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m
en
to
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p
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s
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d
w
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k
s
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p
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th
at
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r
o
m
o
te
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s
itiv
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p
ee
r
in
ter
ac
tio
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s
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en
h
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ce
d
ig
ital
etiq
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d
b
u
ild
r
esil
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ce
ag
ai
n
s
t
o
n
li
n
e
h
ar
ass
m
en
t.
Un
iv
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r
s
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
o
f
f
er
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ig
ital
liter
ac
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p
r
o
g
r
am
m
es
o
n
p
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iv
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cy
m
an
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g
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t
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esp
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t
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ar
in
g
to
p
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af
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ed
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e
an
d
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ed
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e
r
b
u
lly
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k
s
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r
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v
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e
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t,
f
u
tu
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e
s
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d
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s
h
o
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ld
co
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i
d
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q
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eth
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k
f
ac
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g
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n
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tu
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.
C
o
llectiv
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,
th
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r
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o
m
m
en
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s
m
ay
co
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F
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u
p
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Fu
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C
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
.
O
l
w
e
u
s,
“
S
c
h
o
o
l
b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
:
D
e
v
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t
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d
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me
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m
p
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t
a
n
t
c
h
a
l
l
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e
s,
”
A
n
n
u
a
l
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
C
l
i
n
i
c
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Ps
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y
,
v
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9
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5
1
6
.
[
2
]
F
.
B
.
S
h
a
i
k
h
,
M
.
R
e
h
m
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n
,
A
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M
.
A
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s
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n
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,
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C
y
b
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st
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A
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v
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3
0
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6
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9
.
[
3
]
S
.
A
.
M
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F
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l
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,
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.
L.
S
.
Y
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d
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ma
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F
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[
4
]
V
.
B
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A
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A
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Pa
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[
5
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H
.
K
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.
J
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mi
,
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Ex
p
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s
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s
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k
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JP
R
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2
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4
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.
[
6
]
L.
M
a
r
c
i
a
n
o
,
P
.
J.
S
c
h
u
l
z
,
a
n
d
A
.
L.
C
a
m
e
r
i
n
i
,
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C
y
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l
l
y
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g
p
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d
v
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c
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i
m
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o
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i
n
y
o
u
t
h
:
A
me
t
a
-
a
n
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l
y
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s
o
f
l
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g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
e
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
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o
f
C
o
m
p
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t
e
r
-
Me
d
i
a
t
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d
C
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m
m
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v
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l
.
2
5
,
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o
.
2
,
p
.
1
6
3
,
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0
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0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
9
3
/
j
c
mc/
z
mz
0
3
1
.
[
7
]
C
.
P
.
B
a
r
l
e
t
t
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
r
o
s
s
-
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
s
i
mi
l
a
r
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
e
o
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t
i
c
a
l
p
r
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d
i
c
t
o
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s
o
f
c
y
b
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b
u
l
l
y
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g
p
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r
p
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t
r
a
t
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o
n
:
R
e
su
l
t
s
f
r
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m a
se
v
e
n
-
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
s
t
u
d
y
,
”
A
g
g
r
e
ss
i
v
e
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r
,
v
o
l
.
4
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
–
1
1
9
,
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n
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2
0
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o
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:
1
0
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1
0
0
2
/
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b
.
2
1
9
2
3
.
[
8
]
T.
A
.
Y
u
so
f
,
“
C
y
b
e
r
b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
l
a
i
n
t
s
o
n
t
h
e
r
i
s
e
,
”
T
h
e
S
t
a
r
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
4
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
t
h
e
s
t
a
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.
c
o
m
.
m
y
/
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w
s
/
n
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/
2
0
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4
/
1
1
/
2
0
/
c
y
b
e
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b
u
l
l
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-
c
o
mp
l
a
i
n
t
s
-
on
-
t
h
e
-
r
i
s
e
.
[
9
]
N
.
H
a
ssa
n
a
n
d
N
.
I
sa,
“
E
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
me
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
i
ss
u
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
& H
u
m
a
n
i
t
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
8
8
–
3
9
9
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
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:
1
0
.
1
7
5
7
6
/
e
b
a
n
g
i
.
2
0
2
4
.
2
1
0
1
.
3
3
.
[
1
0
]
J.
A
r
i
f
i
n
,
N
.
S
.
M
.
N
o
o
r
,
P
.
L
.
G
h
a
z
a
l
i
,
R
.
A
.
R
a
z
a
k
,
H
.
M
u
h
a
mm
a
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
r
i
f
i
n
,
“
A
ssess
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
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o
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y
b
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b
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l
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mo
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M
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l
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n
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
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l
.
9
,
n
o
.
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4
5
4
,
p
p
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4
4
4
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–
4
4
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7
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
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:
1
0
.
4
7
7
7
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/
I
JR
I
S
S
.
2
0
2
5
.
9
0
2
0
3
4
9
.
[
1
1
]
C
.
S
.
La
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
r
e
v
a
l
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n
c
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f
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y
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b
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m
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M
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g
h
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a
r
n
i
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g
i
n
s
t
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t
u
t
i
o
n
s,
”
A
m
e
ri
c
a
n
S
c
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n
t
i
f
i
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Pu
b
l
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sh
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
8
1
–
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8
4
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
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:
1
0
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1
1
6
6
/
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s
l
.
2
0
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7
.
7
4
9
2
.
[
1
2
]
S
.
A
.
P
a
n
a
t
i
k
,
N
.
N
.
A
.
R
a
o
f
,
N
.
A
.
N
o
r
d
i
n
,
J.
Y
u
s
o
f
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
h
a
h
r
ı
n
,
“
Ef
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