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e
h
en
s
iv
e
em
p
ir
ical
ev
alu
atio
n
of
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
as
a
h
o
lis
tic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
th
at
tak
e
s
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
s
of
all
k
ey
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
.
In
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
an
aly
s
is
is
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
an
d
in
ter
p
r
et
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
d
co
n
te
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
of
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
wh
ile
ev
al
u
atio
n
aim
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
its
d
eg
r
ee
of
s
u
cc
ess
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
also
r
em
ai
n
s
lim
ited
in
s
t
u
d
ies
th
at
alig
n
m
aster
’
s
tr
ain
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
with
th
e
ac
tu
al
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
of
em
p
lo
y
er
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
with
in
th
e
s
cien
tific
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
ese
g
ap
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
u
lti
-
f
ac
eted
em
p
ir
ica
l
ev
alu
atio
n
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
a
n
d
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
of
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
f
r
o
m
m
aster
’
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ates,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
'
s
s
u
cc
es
s
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
by
its
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
of
th
e
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
lev
el
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
n
d
g
r
ad
u
ates,
th
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
of
k
ey
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
an
d
th
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t
of
tr
ain
i
n
g
with
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
of
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
’
s
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
of
th
e
B
o
lo
g
n
a
Pro
ce
s
s
an
d
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Qu
alif
icatio
n
s
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
of
cu
r
r
icu
la
is
b
ased
on
m
o
d
u
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
ts
in
ter
m
s
of
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
,
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cies
[
8
]
.
Su
ch
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
aim
s
to
alig
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
with
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
em
p
ir
ical
an
d
c
o
n
tex
tu
al
in
n
atu
r
e
an
d
co
n
s
is
ts
of
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
of
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
of
th
e
c
o
m
p
e
ten
cy
-
b
ased
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
s
cie
n
tific
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
aster
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
with
in
th
e
n
atio
n
al
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
of
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
v
o
lv
es
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
alit
y
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
k
e
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ates,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
T
h
e
to
o
ls
an
d
in
d
icato
r
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
b
ased
on
a
d
ap
tatio
n
s
of
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
els
u
s
ed
in
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
tu
d
ies
of
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ata
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
,
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
of
r
e
g
u
lato
r
y
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
,
e
x
p
er
t
ass
es
s
m
en
t,
q
u
an
titativ
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
,
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
in
ter
v
i
ews,
as
well
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
a
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
le
e
v
alu
atio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
can
be
ap
p
lie
d
to
th
e
an
aly
s
is
of
m
aster
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
at
o
t
h
er
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
with
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
co
m
p
eten
cy
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es;
as
well
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
em
p
ir
ical
test
in
g
of
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
le
ass
es
s
m
en
t
to
o
ls
in
a
s
p
ec
if
i
c
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
te
x
t.
T
h
e
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
of
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
lim
ited
to
clar
if
y
in
g
an
d
p
r
ac
tically
test
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
of
ex
is
tin
g
co
m
p
eten
c
y
m
o
d
els
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
ev
al
u
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
co
m
p
et
en
cy
-
b
ased
m
aster
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
by
in
ter
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
t
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
s
u
r
v
ey
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
th
at
en
ab
le
s
th
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
le
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
of
g
ap
s
b
etwe
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
elf
-
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
,
ev
alu
atio
n
s
by
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
an
d
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
’
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
R
esear
ch
on
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
c
atio
n
r
ev
ea
ls
a
d
i
v
er
s
ity
of
m
o
d
els
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
s
er
v
es
as
a
b
asi
s
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
of
m
aster
'
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
with
s
t
ated
co
m
p
eten
cies.
An
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
ar
ea
of
f
o
cu
s
is
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
teac
h
er
s
'
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
awa
r
e
n
ess
,
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
s
o
cial,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical,
a
n
d
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ic
al
s
k
ills
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
awa
r
en
ess
in
clu
d
es
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
m
an
ag
e
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
y
n
am
ics
an
d
ad
ap
t
to
d
iv
e
r
s
e
s
o
cial
r
o
les
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
of
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
of
m
aster
'
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
g
r
ad
u
ates
in
th
e
f
ield
of
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
0
]
.
In
th
is
co
n
t
ex
t,
lead
er
s
h
ip
an
d
well
-
d
ef
in
ed
co
m
p
eten
cy
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
with
in
teac
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
cu
r
r
icu
la
a
r
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ad
o
p
tio
n
of
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
els
an
d
s
er
v
e
as
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
ev
alu
atio
n
[
1
1
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
e
v
en
with
a
g
en
e
r
a
l
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
d
is
cip
lin
e
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
ef
i
n
em
en
t
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ills
r
em
ain
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
a
g
ap
b
etwe
en
f
o
r
m
ally
s
tated
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
th
eir
ac
tu
a
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
1
2
]
.
Ped
ag
o
g
ical
co
m
p
eten
cies
ar
e
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
,
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
ci
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
ec
o
m
e
in
teg
r
al
to
teac
h
er
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
wh
ic
h
is
d
ir
ec
tly
r
e
lated
to
th
e
task
of
e
v
alu
ati
n
g
th
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
of
m
aster
'
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
ig
italizatio
n
of
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
a
f
ac
t
o
r
th
at
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
teac
h
er
s
’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Dig
ital
to
o
ls
b
o
th
c
r
ea
te
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
iti
es
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
C
o
mp
eten
cy
-
b
a
s
ed
ev
a
l
u
a
tio
n
o
f scien
tifi
c
-
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ica
l m
a
s
ter’s p
r
o
g
r
a
ms
(
N
u
r
z
a
d
a
K
o
z
h
a
mb
erd
iyev
a
)
3377
g
r
o
wth
an
d
n
ec
ess
itate
a
r
eth
in
k
in
g
of
r
o
les
an
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
s
tr
ateg
ies
wh
ich
m
ak
es
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
u
b
ject
of
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
s
cien
tific
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
aster
's
p
r
o
g
r
am
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
f
lex
ib
le
m
o
d
el
h
as
em
er
g
ed
as
an
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
,
ad
a
p
tin
g
to
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
of
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
is
u
s
ed
as
an
in
d
icato
r
of
th
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
of
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
to
m
o
d
er
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
[
1
4
]
.
Fo
s
ter
in
g
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
m
itig
atio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
cr
itical
th
in
k
in
g
s
k
ill
s
wh
ich
is
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
lis
t
of
ass
ess
ed
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies
[
4
]
.
T
ea
c
h
e
r
s
at
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
ic
al
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
iti
es
in
Kaz
a
k
h
s
ta
n
r
ec
o
g
n
iz
e
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
c
e
of
g
lo
b
al
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies
,
wh
i
ch
e
m
p
h
asi
ze
s
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
e
m
p
i
r
ic
al
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
of
t
h
e
a
ct
u
al
l
ev
el
of
c
o
m
p
ete
n
c
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
m
o
n
g
m
ast
er
'
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
n
d
g
r
a
d
u
a
tes
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
of
g
l
o
b
al
c
o
m
p
et
en
cies
in
f
u
tu
r
e
t
ea
ch
e
r
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
es
in
t
er
d
is
ci
p
li
n
a
r
y
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
,
b
u
t
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
al
co
n
s
t
r
ai
n
ts
an
d
lac
k
of
p
r
ac
tic
e
r
e
m
ai
n
s
e
r
i
o
u
s
o
b
s
t
ac
l
es
w
h
i
ch
is
tak
e
n
i
n
t
o
a
cc
o
u
n
t
w
h
e
n
a
n
al
y
zin
g
s
ta
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
a
tis
f
ac
ti
o
n
wit
h
p
r
o
g
r
am
q
u
a
lit
y
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
At
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
,
n
ew
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
k
n
o
wl
e
d
g
e
i
n
t
eg
r
ati
o
n
,
th
e
q
u
ali
ty
of
m
at
e
r
ial
as
s
im
il
ati
o
n
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
lev
el
of
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
al
c
o
m
p
et
en
cies
,
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
a
l
o
u
tc
o
m
es
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
g
lo
b
al
co
m
p
eten
cies
am
o
n
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
s
cien
tific
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
aster
's
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
is
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
wh
en
co
m
b
in
ed
wi
th
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
em
in
ar
s
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
m
o
d
u
lar
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
cien
tific
th
in
k
in
g
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
ets
th
e
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
s
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
teac
h
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
s
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
u
n
d
er
r
e
v
iew.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
of
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
r
em
ain
,
m
ak
in
g
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
cu
r
r
icu
la
an
d
r
eq
u
i
r
in
g
f
lex
ib
le,
co
n
tex
t
-
o
r
ien
te
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
[
2
2
]
.
An
o
th
er
p
r
o
b
lem
r
em
ain
s
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
ass
es
s
in
g
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
as
well
as
b
et
wee
n
tr
ain
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
th
e
ac
tu
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
of
g
r
ad
u
ates
to
wo
r
k
in
a
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
d
iv
er
s
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
3
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
of
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
m
o
d
els
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
izatio
n
of
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
with
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
th
e
r
estru
c
tu
r
in
g
of
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
r
o
les,
in
ce
n
tiv
es,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
of
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
[
2
4
]
.
C
u
ltu
r
al
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
K
az
ak
h
s
tan
-
s
p
ec
if
icities
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
im
p
o
r
ted
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
to
co
n
s
id
er
lo
ca
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
en
d
esig
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
with
in
th
e
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
i
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
te
r
n
atio
n
al
in
itiativ
es
f
o
s
ter
not
o
n
ly
in
ter
-
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
but
also
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
of
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
els
to
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
with
o
u
t
r
ad
ical
le
g
is
lativ
e
r
ef
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
o
ld
s
p
a
r
ticu
lar
v
alu
e
f
o
r
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
tr
an
s
itio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
cr
itical
ass
ess
m
en
t
of
s
cien
tific
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
aster
's
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
of
th
eir
alig
n
m
en
t
with
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
with
an
em
p
h
asis
on
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
co
m
p
eten
c
y
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
e
d
to
c
o
n
d
u
ct
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
of
s
cien
tific
-
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
m
ast
er
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
at
th
e
Facu
lty
of
Ph
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
a
n
d
Po
liti
ca
l
Scien
ce
of
Al
-
Far
ab
i
Kaz
ak
h
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
on
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
p
r
in
cip
les.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
h
y
p
o
th
esis
was
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
:
m
aster
's
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
of
th
e
Facu
lty
of
Ph
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
a
n
d
Po
liti
ca
l
Scien
ce
of
Al
-
F
ar
ab
i
Kaz
ak
h
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
co
m
p
ly
with
m
o
d
er
n
co
m
p
eten
cy
p
r
in
ci
p
les,
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies
of
g
r
ad
u
ates,
a
n
d
m
ee
t
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
of
k
ey
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
t
ea
ch
er
s
,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
c
h
o
b
jectiv
es:
−
Ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
of
th
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
of
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
at
Al
-
Far
ab
i
Kaz
ak
h
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
with
th
e
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
−
An
aly
zin
g
th
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
of
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
s
(
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
ac
u
lty
,
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ates)
with
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
n
ten
t,
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ate
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
n
ess
.
−
E
v
alu
atin
g
t
h
e
lev
el
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies
am
o
n
g
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ates
of
Al
-
Far
ab
i
Kaz
ak
h
Natio
n
al
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
−
E
x
am
in
in
g
t
h
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t
of
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
f
f
er
ed
by
t
h
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
with
lab
o
r
m
a
r
k
et
d
em
an
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
of
f
ac
u
lty
a
n
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
a
m
ix
e
d
-
m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
s
el
ec
tio
n
of
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
d
esig
n
was
d
r
iv
en
by
th
e
n
ee
d
to
in
teg
r
a
te
g
en
er
aliza
b
le
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
in
d
icato
r
s
with
in
-
d
ep
t
h
an
aly
s
es
of
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
p
h
ase
m
ad
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
id
en
tify
lev
els
of
co
m
p
eten
c
y
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
of
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
in
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
r
v
ey
d
ata.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
p
h
ase,
in
tu
r
n
,
was
aim
ed
at
ex
p
lain
in
g
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
s
tatis
t
ical
p
atter
n
s
,
elu
cid
atin
g
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
of
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies,
an
d
clar
if
y
in
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
3
7
5
-
3
3
9
1
3378
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
,
b
ased
on
in
ter
v
iew
d
ata.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
lo
g
ic
of
p
r
o
g
r
am
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esear
c
h
an
d
was
co
n
ce
p
tu
ally
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
–
in
p
u
t
–
p
r
o
c
ess
–
p
r
o
d
u
ct
(
C
I
PP
)
m
o
d
el
[
2
7
]
,
wh
ich
en
a
b
led
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ass
ess
m
en
t
of
m
aster
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ac
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
in
ter
r
elate
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
te
x
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
v
o
l
v
ed
an
an
aly
s
is
of
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
an
d
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
in
wh
ich
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
wer
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
;
in
p
u
t
e
n
co
m
p
ass
e
d
an
e
v
alu
atio
n
of
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
av
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
th
e
s
tated
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cies;
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
on
th
e
an
aly
s
is
of
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
r
ac
t
ices;
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
of
co
m
p
eten
cy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
g
r
a
d
u
ates’
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
p
r
ac
tice.
3
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
ed
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
i
v
e
s
am
p
le
of
1
2
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
d
ir
ec
tly
en
g
a
g
ed
in
i
m
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
a
n
d
ev
alu
atin
g
s
cien
tific
-
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
at
th
e
Facu
lty
of
Ph
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
a
n
d
Po
liti
ca
l
Scien
ce
of
Al
-
Far
ab
i
Kaz
ak
h
Natio
n
al
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
in
clu
d
ed
m
aster
’
s
d
e
g
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ates,
a
n
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
af
f
iliated
with
th
e
f
a
cu
lty
’
s
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
an
d
h
u
m
an
ities
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
Par
ticip
an
t
s
elec
tio
n
f
o
llo
wed
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
d
ata
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
with
in
th
e
ch
o
s
en
ac
ad
em
ic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
a
n
d
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
wer
e
in
v
ited
b
ased
on
t
h
eir
ac
tiv
e
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
in
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
Gr
a
d
u
at
es
wer
e
r
ec
r
u
ited
f
r
o
m
f
ac
u
l
ty
d
atab
ases
,
with
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
by
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
d
ep
ar
tm
en
ts
.
E
m
p
lo
y
er
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
p
ar
tn
e
r
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
th
at
r
eg
u
lar
ly
ac
ce
p
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
i
n
ter
n
s
h
ip
s
,
p
r
ac
ticu
m
s
,
or
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia:
m
aster
’
s
d
e
g
r
ee
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
(
s
ec
o
n
d
-
y
ea
r
en
r
o
llm
en
t
in
r
ele
v
an
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
)
;
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
(
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
in
c
u
r
r
i
cu
lu
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
or
co
u
r
s
e
d
eliv
er
y
)
;
g
r
ad
u
ates
(
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
wh
o
co
m
p
lete
d
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
with
in
th
e
last
3
y
ea
r
s
)
;
em
p
lo
y
er
s
(
with
ex
p
er
ien
ce
wo
r
k
in
g
with
g
r
ad
u
ates
f
r
o
m
th
ese
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
)
.
E
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia:
no
d
ir
ec
t
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
;
ir
r
elev
an
t
p
a
r
ticip
a
tio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es;
eth
ical
or
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
ef
u
s
al
to
p
ar
ticip
ate.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
etailed
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
of
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
an
d
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
in
lin
e
with
th
e
lo
g
ic
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esear
ch
an
d
th
e
C
I
PP
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
k
ey
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
at
b
o
th
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
s
tag
es
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
ce
o
f
m
aster
’
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ef
lects
th
eir
ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
as
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
r
ec
ip
ien
ts
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
em
p
lo
y
er
g
r
o
u
p
(
n
=1
0
)
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
elev
a
n
t
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
th
at
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
in
ter
ac
t
with
g
r
ad
u
ates
o
f
th
ese
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
a
n
d
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
r
id
en
tify
in
g
s
tab
le
ev
alu
ativ
e
ju
d
g
m
e
n
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
g
r
ad
u
ates’
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
with
in
th
e
q
u
alitativ
ely
o
r
ien
ted
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
L
ik
ewise,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
wer
e
d
ee
m
e
d
s
u
f
f
icien
t
t
o
o
b
tain
e
x
p
er
t
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ass
ess
m
en
ts
with
in
th
e
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
.
T
ab
le
1.
Par
ticip
an
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
N
u
mb
e
r
of
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
M
a
l
e
F
e
mal
e
M
e
a
n
a
g
e
A
g
e
r
a
n
g
e
M
a
s
t
e
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
70
30
40
2
8
.
3
23
–
35
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
20
8
12
4
2
.
5
34
–
58
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
20
9
11
2
9
.
8
25
–
37
Emp
l
o
y
e
r
s
10
6
4
3
9
.
1
33
–
48
To
t
a
l
1
2
0
53
67
—
—
3
.
3
.
Resea
rc
h
ins
t
rum
ent
s
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
et
of
d
ata
co
lle
ctio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
m
eth
o
d
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
an
d
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ev
al
u
atio
n
of
m
aster
’
s
d
e
g
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
of
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
was
d
ir
ec
tly
r
elate
d
to
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
of
th
e
C
I
PP
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
b
jectiv
es
of
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
An
ex
p
er
t
ev
alu
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
s
ix
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
s
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
u
n
s
elin
g
,
s
o
cio
l
o
g
y
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
ts
u
s
ed
a
10
-
p
o
i
n
t
s
ca
le
to
ass
ess
th
e
co
m
p
leten
ess
of
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies,
alig
n
m
en
t
with
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
b
jectiv
es,
c
o
h
er
e
n
ce
b
e
twee
n
co
n
ten
t
an
d
ass
es
s
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
an
d
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
ity
.
E
x
p
er
t
s
ca
les
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
ased
on
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
d
o
m
ain
s
as
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
of
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
r
is
k
of
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
f
r
ag
m
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
i
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
of
ex
p
er
ts
b
ased
on
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
en
s
u
r
e
d
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
of
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
r
v
ey
s
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
to
f
o
u
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
of
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
:
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ates,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
(
Ap
p
en
d
ix
A
).
All
1
2
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
.
Data
co
llectio
n
was
co
m
p
leted
with
in
one
wee
k
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
co
m
p
r
is
ed
15
clo
s
ed
-
en
d
ed
it
em
s
u
tili
zin
g
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=stro
n
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ly
d
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ag
r
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to
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ee
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
E
v
al
&
R
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
C
o
mp
eten
cy
-
b
a
s
ed
ev
a
l
u
a
tio
n
o
f scien
tifi
c
-
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ica
l m
a
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ter’s p
r
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a
d
a
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o
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a
mb
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3379
T
h
e
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u
r
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ey
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u
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en
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ed
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g
well
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ed
f
r
am
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k
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eten
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ased
ed
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ca
tio
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2
8
]
–
[
3
0
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.
R
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aly
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is
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8
8
,
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ter
n
al
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n
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is
ten
cy
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s
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les.
To
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tain
q
u
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ata,
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em
i
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u
ctu
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ter
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iews
we
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e
co
n
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cted
with
35
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eg
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ee
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lty
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em
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s
,
10
g
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ates,
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d
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r
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Ap
p
en
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ix
B
)
.
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h
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ter
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iew
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le
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ed
50%
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e
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t
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ile
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f
o
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lim
ited
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ain
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,
an
d
th
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in
h
er
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
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u
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d
em
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d
d
etailed
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aly
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is
of
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i
n
ter
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T
h
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ter
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wer
e
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d
u
cted
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o
th
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-
p
er
s
o
n
an
d
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lin
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each
last
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g
ap
p
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x
im
ately
30
m
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n
u
tes.
All
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ter
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iews
wer
e
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o
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d
ed
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h
p
ar
ticip
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ts
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n
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en
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jecte
d
to
th
em
atic
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n
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n
aly
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is
.
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h
e
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ter
v
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em
o
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ated
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u
f
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icien
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eliab
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a
C
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b
ac
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s
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a
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ef
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icien
t
of
0
.
7
9
.
3
.
4
.
Resea
rc
h
pro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
s
tag
es.
T
h
er
e
wer
e
o
n
ly
th
r
ee
r
esear
ch
s
tag
es.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
t
io
n
of
th
e
s
tag
es
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1.
T
h
e
in
itial
p
h
ase
in
v
o
l
v
ed
an
an
aly
s
is
of
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
p
er
tai
n
in
g
to
s
cien
tific
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p
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ag
o
g
ical
m
aster
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
at
th
e
Facu
lty
of
Ph
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
a
n
d
Po
liti
ca
l
Scien
ce
of
Al
-
Far
ab
i
Kaz
ak
h
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
in
clu
d
ed
s
y
llab
i,
c
o
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r
s
e
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r
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icu
la,
ass
ess
m
en
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to
o
ls
,
p
r
o
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r
am
s
elf
-
ev
alu
atio
n
r
ep
o
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ts
,
d
e
p
ar
tm
en
t
m
ee
tin
g
m
in
u
tes,
an
d
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
R
esear
ch
s
tag
es
To
en
h
an
ce
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
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v
a
lid
ity
,
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
of
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
ased
on
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
m
atr
ix
“lea
r
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
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es
,
f
o
r
m
u
lated
co
m
p
eten
cies
,
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
”,
wh
ich
m
a
d
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
co
m
p
l
ian
ce
of
th
e
th
eo
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etica
l
co
n
c
ep
t
of
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
its
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
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.
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
e
v
alu
ated
f
o
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co
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f
o
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e
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r
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cip
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co
m
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b
ased
ap
p
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h
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th
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lo
g
n
a
Dec
lar
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n
an
d
Kaz
a
k
h
s
tan
’
s
Natio
n
al
Qu
alif
icatio
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s
Fra
m
ewo
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k
.
D
o
cu
m
en
ts
f
o
r
a
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aly
s
is
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
on
th
eir
d
ir
ec
t
r
elev
an
ce
to
th
e
ed
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ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
o
f
f
ici
al
ap
p
r
o
v
al
by
t
h
e
f
ac
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lty
,
wh
i
ch
en
s
u
r
ed
t
h
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v
alid
ity
a
n
d
r
ep
r
esen
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ess
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
p
h
ase
in
v
o
lv
ed
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
to
m
a
s
ter
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
ac
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lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ates,
a
n
d
e
m
p
lo
y
e
r
s
.
S
ep
ar
ate
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
each
ca
teg
o
r
y
of
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
of
clo
s
ed
-
en
d
e
d
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
o
n
lin
e
v
ia
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
a
n
d
r
eq
u
ir
ed
up
to
20
m
in
u
tes
to
co
m
p
lete.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
,
a
s
er
ies
of
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iews
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
with
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
es
f
r
o
m
all
f
o
u
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
3
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
en
ter
e
d
in
to
s
p
r
ea
d
s
h
ee
ts
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
SPSS
an
d
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
b
eg
an
wi
th
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
,
ca
lcu
l
atin
g
ab
s
o
lu
te
an
d
r
elativ
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
as
well
as
m
ea
n
v
alu
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
.
Stan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
an
d
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
of
•
Du
r
a
tio
n
:
4
w
e
e
k
s
•
A
lig
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
sta
te
d
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
ies
w
it
h
lea
rn
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s;
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s;
v
e
rif
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
c
e
w
it
h
th
e
Bo
lo
g
n
a
P
ro
c
e
ss
Doc
ument
a
na
ly
sis
•
Du
r
a
tio
n
:
2
w
e
e
k
s
•
A
d
m
in
istratio
n
o
f
o
n
li
n
e
su
rv
e
y
s
a
n
d
in
te
rv
ie
w
s
(f
a
c
e
-
to
-
f
a
c
e
a
n
d
o
n
li
n
e
);
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
o
f
re
sp
o
n
se
c
o
m
p
lete
n
e
ss
S
urve
y
s
a
nd
int
e
rvie
ws
•
Du
r
a
tio
n
:
4
w
e
e
k
s
•
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
in
teg
ra
ted
q
u
a
n
ti
tativ
e
–
q
u
a
li
tativ
e
f
in
d
in
g
s,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
d
e
sc
rip
ti
v
e
sta
ti
stics
,
A
NO
V
A
,
a
n
d
in
terv
iew
c
o
n
ten
t
a
n
a
ly
sis
Da
ta
a
na
ly
sis
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
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t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
3
7
5
-
3
3
9
1
3380
v
ar
iatio
n
(
C
V)
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
r
esp
o
n
s
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
Fo
r
th
e
5
-
p
o
i
n
t
s
ca
le
item
s
,
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
each
s
tatem
en
t,
en
ab
lin
g
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
lev
els
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
of
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Fo
r
b
etwe
en
-
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
s
of
o
u
tco
m
es,
th
e
n
o
n
p
ar
am
etr
ic
Kr
u
s
k
al
–
W
alli
s
test
(H
tes
t)
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
of
th
is
m
eth
o
d
was
ju
s
tifie
d
by
th
e
o
r
d
in
al
n
atu
r
e
of
th
e
L
ik
er
t
-
s
ca
le
d
ata,
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
p
ar
tic
ip
an
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
an
d
a
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
im
b
alan
ce
in
s
am
p
le
s
izes
(n
=
70
f
o
r
m
aster
’
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
v
er
s
u
s
n
=
10
f
o
r
em
p
lo
y
er
s
)
,
wh
ich
lim
its
th
e
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
of
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
of
th
e
ev
alu
ativ
e
an
aly
s
i
s
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
u
cc
ess
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
d
ef
in
e
d
a
p
r
io
r
i.
T
h
ese
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
tr
ea
ted
as
a
ce
n
tr
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
of
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
d
esig
n
a
n
d
in
clu
d
ed
:
i
)
attain
m
e
n
t
of
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
(
M
≥
3
.
8
)
;
ii
)
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
of
ass
ess
m
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
(
C
V≤
2
5
%);
iii
)
ab
s
en
ce
of
s
t
atis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
k
ey
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
p
>0
.
0
5
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Kr
u
s
k
al
–
W
allis
te
s
t)
;
an
d
iv
)
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
atio
n
of
q
u
an
titativ
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
of
in
ter
v
iew
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iew
d
ata
wer
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
em
atic
co
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
an
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
in
v
o
l
v
es
s
y
s
tem
atic
id
en
tific
atio
n
,
co
d
in
g
,
a
n
d
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
of
k
ey
th
em
es
a
n
d
p
atter
n
s
with
i
n
in
ter
v
iew
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
.
I
n
itially
,
all
tr
an
s
cr
ip
ts
wer
e
ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
r
ev
iewe
d
to
ex
am
in
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
ten
t
an
d
id
en
tify
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
id
ea
s
an
d
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
.
A
co
d
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
was
th
en
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
class
if
y
d
ata
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
m
ai
n
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
an
aly
s
is
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
atten
ti
o
n
was
p
aid
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
of
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
asp
ec
ts
but
also
to
th
eir
c
o
n
t
ex
tu
al
m
ea
n
i
n
g
,
em
o
tio
n
al
to
n
e,
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
to
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
.
Qu
alitativ
e
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es
an
d
in
clu
d
ed
o
p
en
,
ax
ial,
an
d
s
elec
tiv
e
co
d
in
g
.
Prim
ar
y
(
o
p
en
)
co
d
in
g
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
tly
by
two
au
th
o
r
s
,
f
o
llo
wed
by
co
d
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
;
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
wer
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
u
n
til
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
was
r
ea
ch
e
d
.
At
th
e
ax
ial
co
d
in
g
s
tag
e,
th
e
co
d
es
wer
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
to
th
em
atic
ca
teg
o
r
ies
r
elate
d
to
p
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
u
c
ce
s
s
cr
iter
ia
(
co
m
p
eten
cy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
p
r
ac
tica
l
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
)
.
Selectiv
e
co
d
in
g
allo
wed
us
to
id
en
tif
y
k
ey
in
ter
p
r
etiv
e
th
em
es
r
ef
lectin
g
ag
r
ee
d
-
upon
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
asp
ec
ts
of
p
r
o
g
r
am
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
3
.
6
.
E
t
hica
l
co
ns
idera
t
io
ns
All
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
aim
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
of
th
e
s
tu
d
y
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
wr
itten
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t,
with
th
e
r
ig
h
t
to
with
d
r
aw
at
an
y
s
tag
e.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
ly
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
in
ag
g
r
eg
ated
f
o
r
m
,
a
n
d
s
to
r
ed
in
en
cr
y
p
ted
f
o
r
m
at
with
r
estricte
d
ac
ce
s
s
lim
ited
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
team
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
p
r
in
cip
l
es
of
co
n
f
i
d
en
tiality
an
d
non
-
d
is
cr
im
in
atio
n
wer
e
s
tr
ictly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
3
.
7
.
L
im
it
a
t
io
ns
A
s
am
p
le
lim
ited
to
a
s
in
g
le
f
ac
u
lty
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
g
en
e
r
aliza
b
ilit
y
of
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Self
-
r
e
p
o
r
ted
s
u
r
v
ey
d
ata
ar
e
s
u
b
ject
to
b
ias
an
d
s
o
cial
d
esira
b
ilit
y
ef
f
ec
ts
,
wh
il
e
th
e
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
er
of
in
ter
v
iews
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
of
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
In
ad
d
itio
n
,
ex
p
e
r
t
ev
alu
atio
n
s
b
ased
on
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
do
not
f
u
lly
ca
p
tu
r
e
ac
tu
al
in
f
o
r
m
al
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tices.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
k
e
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
of
t
h
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
at
co
m
p
eten
cies
ar
e
f
o
r
m
ally
in
teg
r
ated
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
eir
lin
k
ag
e
to
co
u
r
s
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
le
ar
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
is
o
f
ten
d
ec
lar
ativ
e.
Ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
tly
e
v
alu
ate
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
wh
ile
p
r
ac
tical
ass
es
s
m
en
t
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
a
f
r
ag
m
en
ted
m
an
n
er
.
C
o
u
r
s
es
an
d
ass
es
s
m
en
t
cr
iter
ia
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
,
r
e
al
-
wo
r
ld
ca
s
es,
an
d
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
with
em
p
lo
y
er
s
.
A
s
tr
o
n
g
em
p
h
asis
on
th
eo
r
etica
l
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
ev
ail
s
alo
n
g
s
id
e
t
h
e
lim
ited
u
s
e
of
ac
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
wh
ich
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
s
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
k
e
y
co
m
p
ete
n
cies.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
do
not
in
clu
d
e
m
o
d
u
les
on
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
,
o
n
lin
e
to
o
ls
,
or
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
r
atin
g
s
f
r
o
m
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
g
r
a
d
u
ates,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
k
e
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
s
cien
tific
-
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
aster
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
av
er
a
g
ed
b
etwe
en
3
.
8
a
n
d
4
.
2
ac
r
o
s
s
m
o
s
t
in
d
icato
r
s
,
r
e
f
lec
tin
g
g
en
e
r
ally
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
r
atin
g
was
g
iv
en
t
o
co
u
r
s
e
r
ele
v
an
ce
(
4
.
2
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etw
ee
n
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
co
n
te
n
t
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
n
ee
d
s
.
Satis
f
ac
tio
n
with
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
n
ten
t
(
4
.
1
)
an
d
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
(
4
.
0
)
also
r
ec
eiv
ed
h
i
g
h
m
ar
k
s
.
Pro
f
ess
io
n
al
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
av
er
a
g
ed
4
.
0
,
with
m
o
d
er
ate
r
esp
o
n
s
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
(
2
3
.
0
%).
T
h
e
lo
west
s
co
r
es
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
f
o
r
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
b
jectiv
ity
(
3
.
8
)
an
d
th
e
clar
ity
o
f
lea
r
n
i
n
g
o
b
jectiv
es
(
3
.
9
)
,
p
o
in
tin
g
to
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
ed
ev
al
u
atio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
an
d
g
r
ea
ter
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
c
y
in
g
o
al
-
s
ettin
g
.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
also
s
h
o
wed
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
r
esp
o
n
s
e
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
.
E
le
ctiv
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
p
tio
n
s
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
tr
o
n
g
r
atin
g
s
(
4
.
1
)
with
m
in
im
al
v
ar
iatio
n
,
r
ef
l
ec
tin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
ch
o
ice
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
in
elec
tiv
e
co
u
r
s
es.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
o
r
ien
tatio
n
o
f
in
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
s
co
r
ed
3
.
9
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
a
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tice
-
b
ased
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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Su
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by
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4
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5
2
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7
D
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v
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o
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m
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e
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2
2
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R
e
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4
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7
8
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8
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6
C
l
a
r
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t
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e
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9
Ef
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s
tatis
tically
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ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
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en
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a
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th
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ap
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o
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r
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9
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8
5
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H
=
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0
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=
1
.
0
0
)
T
ab
le
4.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
of
in
ter
v
iews
with
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
es
f
r
o
m
all
g
r
o
u
p
s
M
a
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
S
u
b
t
h
e
mes
M
a
s
t
e
r
’
s
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
o
r
s
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
Emp
l
o
y
e
r
s
C
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
“
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
ra
m
t
a
u
g
h
t
me
to
a
n
a
l
y
ze
so
u
r
c
e
s
and
su
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
t
e
my
o
w
n
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
.”
“
We
o
b
ser
v
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
in
st
u
d
e
n
t
s’
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s
by
t
h
e
e
n
d
of
t
h
e
p
ro
g
r
a
m
.”
“
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
sk
i
l
l
s
b
e
c
a
m
e
t
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
of
my
p
ro
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
.”
“
G
ra
d
u
a
t
e
s
a
re
a
b
l
e
to
re
a
so
n
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
n
d
w
o
rk
w
i
t
h
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
.”
U
n
e
v
e
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
of
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
“
S
o
m
e
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
d
e
p
e
n
d
on
t
h
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
i
n
s
t
ru
c
t
o
r
.”
“
T
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
of
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
v
a
ri
e
s
a
c
r
o
ss
c
o
u
rse
s
.”
“
S
o
m
e
s
k
i
l
l
s
had
to
be
f
u
rt
h
e
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
f
t
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
i
o
n
.”
“
N
o
t
a
l
l
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
a
re
e
q
u
a
l
l
y
p
re
p
a
re
d
f
o
r
p
ra
c
t
i
c
a
l
t
a
sks
.”
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
-
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
“
T
h
e
r
e
is
n
o
t
a
l
w
a
y
s
su
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
p
ra
c
t
i
c
a
l
t
ra
i
n
i
n
g
to
c
o
n
so
l
i
d
a
t
e
t
h
e
o
r
y
.”
“
It
is
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
to
i
n
t
e
g
ra
t
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
ri
g
i
d
c
u
rri
c
u
l
u
m
.”
“
In
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
,
t
h
e
ra
n
g
e
of
req
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
w
a
s
b
ro
a
d
e
r
t
h
a
n
w
h
a
t
we
h
a
d
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
f
o
r
.”
“
T
h
e
t
h
e
o
re
t
i
c
a
l
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
is
st
ro
n
g
,
b
u
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
ski
l
l
s
a
re
i
n
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
.”
Li
n
k
a
g
e
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
“
Re
a
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
c
a
ses
a
re
n
o
t
u
s
e
d
in
a
l
l
c
o
u
rses
.”
“
En
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
rs
is
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
.”
“
T
h
e
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
b
e
c
a
m
e
f
u
l
l
y
a
p
p
a
re
n
t
o
n
l
y
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
.”
“
T
h
e
r
e
is
a
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
m
o
re
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
-
b
a
se
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
r
e
a
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
t
a
sks
.”
A
ssessme
n
t
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
met
h
o
d
s
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
of
a
ssessm
e
n
t
“
Assessm
e
n
t
c
r
i
t
e
ri
a
a
re
n
o
t
a
l
w
a
y
s
t
ra
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
t
.”
“
Assess
i
n
g
a
b
st
r
a
c
t
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
rema
i
n
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
i
n
g
.”
“
Assessm
e
n
t
w
a
s
m
o
re
t
h
e
o
ret
i
c
a
l
t
h
a
n
p
ra
c
t
i
c
e
-
o
ri
e
n
t
e
d
.”
“
It
is
i
m
p
o
rt
a
n
t
t
h
a
t
a
ssessm
e
n
t
s
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
a
c
t
u
a
l
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
.”
Te
a
c
h
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
“
Ac
t
i
v
e
l
e
a
rn
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
re
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
i
n
c
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
t
l
y
.”
“
Ac
t
i
v
e
l
e
a
rn
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
o
re
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
reso
u
rc
e
s
.”
“
Pro
j
e
c
t
-
b
a
s
e
d
a
ssi
g
n
m
e
n
t
s
w
e
r
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
se
f
u
l
.”
“
Pro
j
e
c
t
-
b
a
s
e
d
l
e
a
rn
i
n
g
b
e
t
t
e
r
p
re
p
a
res
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
p
ra
c
t
i
c
e
.”
R
e
a
d
i
n
e
ss
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
k
i
l
l
s
“
T
h
e
r
e
is
n
o
t
a
l
w
a
y
s
e
n
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
e
ri
e
n
c
e
in
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
.”
“
Pra
c
t
i
c
a
l
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
is
c
o
n
st
r
a
i
n
e
d
by
t
h
e
p
ro
g
r
a
m
’
s
t
i
m
e
f
ra
m
e
.”
“
T
h
e
f
i
rst
y
e
a
r
of
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
t
h
e
m
o
st
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
i
n
g
.”
“
G
ra
d
u
a
t
e
s
l
a
c
k
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
in
p
ra
c
t
i
c
a
l
p
ro
f
e
ss
i
o
n
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
.”
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
sk
i
l
l
s
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
o
o
l
s
w
e
r
e
a
d
d
re
sse
d
in
a
f
ra
g
m
e
n
t
e
d
m
a
n
n
e
r
.”
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
p
re
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
req
u
i
r
e
s
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
st
re
n
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g
.”
“
O
n
l
i
n
e
f
o
rm
a
t
s
b
e
c
a
m
e
a
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
a
f
t
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
i
o
n
.”
“
Ad
a
p
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
q
u
i
re
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
.”
E
m
p
lo
y
er
s
em
p
h
asized
g
r
a
d
u
ates’
s
tr
en
g
th
s
:
ac
ad
em
ic
cu
lt
u
r
e,
a
n
aly
tical
th
in
k
in
g
,
an
d
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
ca
p
ac
ity
.
H
o
wev
er
,
t
h
ey
also
n
o
ted
“.
.
.
d
ef
icits
in
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ills
,
in
itiativ
e,
an
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
wh
en
s
o
lv
in
g
n
o
n
-
r
o
u
tin
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
”
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
r
esu
lts
of
th
e
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
of
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
p
h
ase
an
d
s
im
u
lt
an
eo
u
s
ly
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
d
et
ailed
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
of
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
b
eh
in
d
co
m
p
eten
cy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Al
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
ag
r
ee
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ates
p
o
s
s
ess
h
ig
h
lev
els
of
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
an
aly
tical
s
k
ills
,
but
u
n
an
im
o
u
s
ly
p
o
in
t
to
i
n
s
u
f
f
icien
t
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
of
p
r
ac
tical
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
u
n
ev
e
n
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
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1
3384
in
d
iv
id
u
al
c
o
m
p
eten
cies,
a
n
d
lim
ited
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
m
an
d
s
of
p
r
o
f
ess
io
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al
life
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
an
aly
s
is
not
o
n
ly
co
n
f
i
r
m
s
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
f
in
d
in
g
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also
id
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tifie
s
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ea
s
f
o
r
tar
g
ete
d
p
r
o
g
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am
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
:
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tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
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r
ac
tice
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o
r
ien
te
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m
o
d
u
les,
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
d
i
g
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d
ad
ap
tiv
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co
m
p
ete
n
cie
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d
in
ten
s
if
y
in
g
co
llab
o
r
atio
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with
e
m
p
lo
y
er
s
.
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
a
n
d
i
n
ter
v
iew
r
e
s
u
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
of
th
e
s
cien
tific
-
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
at
Al
-
Far
ab
i
Kaz
ak
h
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
’
s
Facu
lty
of
Ph
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
a
n
d
Po
liti
ca
l
Scien
ce
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
u
ld
be
in
ter
p
r
eted
in
lig
h
t
of
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
s
o
cio
-
c
u
ltu
r
al
c
o
n
tex
t
of
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
of
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
of
m
o
d
er
n
izatio
n
of
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
of
th
e
B
o
lo
g
n
a
p
r
in
cip
les
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
a
co
m
p
eten
ce
-
o
r
ien
ted
m
o
d
el,
ac
co
m
p
an
ie
d
by
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
co
n
tin
u
e.
In
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
s
tag
e
co
v
e
r
ed
1
2
0
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
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7
0
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
20
teac
h
er
s
,
20
g
r
ad
u
ates,
an
d
10
em
p
lo
y
er
s
)
,
wh
ile
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
s
tag
e
in
clu
d
ed
60
in
ter
v
iews
(
3
5
s
tu
d
en
ts
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teac
h
er
s
,
10
g
r
ad
u
ates,
an
d
5
em
p
lo
y
er
s
)
.
T
h
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
en
s
u
r
es
an
aly
tical
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
of
t
h
e
d
ata
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
of
th
e
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
of
t
h
e
id
en
tifie
d
tr
e
n
d
s
.
Hig
h
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
ac
r
o
s
s
m
o
s
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
3
.
8
to
4
.
2
)
in
d
i
ca
te
th
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
of
p
r
o
g
r
am
r
elev
an
ce
a
n
d
q
u
a
lity
by
all
k
ey
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ates,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
e
r
s
.
W
h
ile
th
e
d
ata
r
ef
lect
a
ce
r
tain
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
with
in
th
e
s
elec
ted
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
am
p
le,
th
ey
do
not
r
e
p
r
esen
t
an
“
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
”
in
th
e
s
tr
ict
ly
s
tatis
tical
s
en
s
e.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
of
th
is
r
esu
lt
lies
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
k
ey
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
v
alu
ed
by
b
o
th
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
em
p
lo
y
er
s
,
th
er
e
b
y
co
n
f
i
r
m
in
g
its
r
elev
an
ce
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
m
ay
be
u
s
ed
by
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
to
f
u
r
th
er
ad
ap
t
co
u
r
s
e
co
n
ten
t
a
n
d
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
of
th
e
n
o
n
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
g
r
o
u
p
an
aly
s
is
(
Kr
u
s
k
al
-
W
allis
test
)
s
h
o
wed
no
s
tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
g
r
o
u
p
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
r
elativ
e
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
of
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
'
s
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
th
eo
r
y
[
3
1
]
,
wh
ich
p
o
s
its
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
u
tco
m
es
s
u
cc
ee
d
wh
en
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
of
k
ey
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
No
tab
ly
,
em
p
l
o
y
er
a
n
d
g
r
ad
u
ate
r
atin
g
s
co
n
v
e
r
g
ed
on
co
m
p
eten
cy
lev
els
an
d
wo
r
k
r
e
ad
in
ess
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
g
r
ad
u
ates’
ac
cu
r
ate
s
elf
-
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
ep
a
r
atio
n
.
Fro
m
a
p
r
ac
tical
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
of
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
can
s
er
v
e
as
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
im
p
l
em
en
tin
g
a
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
o
th
er
m
aster
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
A
s
im
ilar
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
also
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
t
h
e
Uk
r
ai
n
ian
s
tu
d
y
[
5
]
,
wh
er
e
th
e
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
m
ea
n
s
of
h
ar
m
o
n
izin
g
ac
ad
e
m
ic
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
Hig
h
r
atin
g
s
f
o
r
co
u
r
s
e
r
ele
v
a
n
ce
(
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
:
4
.
2
,
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
:
4
.
1
)
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
Stef
f
en
an
d
Oh
l
[
1
]
em
p
h
asis
on
p
r
ac
tical
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
tr
ajec
t
o
r
ies.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
g
o
al
clar
ity
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
in
co
m
p
e
ten
cy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
o
in
t
to
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
more
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
alig
n
m
en
t
of
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es,
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
is
r
em
ain
s
a
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ch
allen
g
e
f
o
r
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
T
h
eir
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
p
eten
c
y
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
,
d
esig
n
e
d
to
f
o
s
ter
s
elf
-
r
ef
lectio
n
an
d
d
elib
er
ate
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
r
eso
n
ates
with
th
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
id
en
tifie
d
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
a
clea
r
er
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
of
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
(
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
:
3
.
9
)
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
co
m
p
eten
c
y
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
(
CV
:
up
to
2
4
.
9
%).
Fro
m
a
p
r
ac
tical
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
of
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
can
s
er
v
e
as
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
im
p
l
em
en
tin
g
a
co
m
p
eten
cy
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
o
th
er
m
aster
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
W
h
ile
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
on
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
Stef
f
en
an
d
Oh
l
[
1
]
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
an
em
p
ir
ically
v
alid
ated
ev
alu
atio
n
to
o
l
(α
=
0
.
8
2
)
,
wh
ich
c
o
u
ld
in
f
o
r
m
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
in
f
u
tu
r
e
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
our
co
n
clu
s
io
n
also
a
g
r
ee
s
with
t
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
of
Mu
ñ
iz
-
R
o
d
r
íg
u
ez
et
al
.
[
1
2
]
w
h
o
em
p
h
asized
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
of
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
m
o
d
els
of
k
ey
co
m
p
eten
cies
b
u
t
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
th
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lties
of
th
eir
p
r
a
ctica
l
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
is
cip
lin
es.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
of
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
4
.
0
)
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
(
4
.
2
)
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
a
r
ec
en
t
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
is
[
2
0
]
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
of
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
m
o
d
u
lar
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
esig
n
on
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
g
=
0
.
4
6
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
of
t
h
is
r
esu
lt
lies
in
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
of
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
co
m
p
eten
c
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
can
be
u
s
ed
to
r
ef
in
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
tr
ain
in
g
m
o
d
u
les.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
of
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
b
etwe
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
in
d
icate
a
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
b
et
wee
n
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
on
t
h
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
of
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
ac
tiv
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
-
o
r
ien
ted
m
eth
o
d
s
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
co
n
tex
ts
with
h
i
g
h
teac
h
in
g
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
asts
with
th
e
f
o
cu
s
of
Z
h
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
on
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
tu
d
en
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
em
in
ar
s
an
d
lear
n
in
g
co
u
r
s
es.
Similar
co
n
tr
ad
ictio
n
s
ar
e
also
n
o
ted
in
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.