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Artifi
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telli
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(AI)
li
tera
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y
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in
c
re
a
sin
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p
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s.
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fi
n
d
i
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s
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rt
h
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r
s
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o
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t
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t
stu
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ts
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c
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g
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ize
d
b
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h
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fit
s
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ris
k
s
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d
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d
m
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s,
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p
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d
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o
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m
a
n
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g
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m
e
n
t.
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e
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fin
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in
g
s su
g
g
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st t
h
a
t
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
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g
t
h
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fu
ll
AI p
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p
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tan
g
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g
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k
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su
p
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t
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m
b
o
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AI l
e
a
rn
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tec
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n
o
l
o
g
y
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
AI
liter
ac
y
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
o
b
o
tics
Ph
y
s
ical
co
m
p
u
tin
g
R
o
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o
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it
T
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s
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ss
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rticle
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d
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CC B
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li
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se
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C
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s
p
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A
uth
o
r
:
Daso
l K
im
C
h
u
n
g
n
am
Mid
d
le
Sch
o
o
l
1
2
3
,
Gy
ej
o
k
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o
,
Do
n
g
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,
Dae
jeo
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3
4
6
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R
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Ko
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ail: lo
s
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7
2
1
@
n
av
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.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ar
tific
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in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
is
r
ap
id
ly
b
ei
n
g
em
b
ed
d
e
d
n
o
t
o
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ly
in
ev
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ay
d
ig
ital
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s
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ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
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,
a
n
d
tr
an
s
latio
n
,
b
u
t
also
in
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
,
lear
n
i
n
g
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
ass
es
s
m
en
t
to
o
ls
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
ly
,
ad
o
lescen
ts
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
ex
p
ec
ted
t
o
d
ev
el
o
p
AI
lit
er
ac
y
th
at
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
m
er
ely
“u
s
in
g
”
AI
—
n
am
ely
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
in
ter
p
r
et
an
d
ev
alu
ate
h
o
w
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
o
p
er
ate
(
e.
g
.
,
wh
at
d
ata
a
n
d
r
u
les
th
e
y
r
ely
o
n
)
,
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
t
h
eir
lim
itatio
n
s
,
b
iases
,
an
d
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
to
u
s
e
th
em
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ly
with
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
n
tex
ts
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
lik
ew
is
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
K
–
1
2
AI
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
s
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
ad
d
r
ess
AI
co
m
p
eten
cies
to
g
eth
er
with
eth
ics
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
[
1
]
–
[
4
]
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
v
iew
th
at
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
AI
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
y
s
tem
atic
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
k
ey
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
—
s
u
ch
as
f
air
n
ess
,
s
af
ety
,
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
,
an
d
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
—
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
e
n
ch
m
ar
k
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tice;
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
ly
,
th
e
Natio
n
al
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
Stan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
NI
ST)
AI
R
is
k
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
es
g
u
id
a
n
ce
f
o
r
i
d
en
tify
i
n
g
,
ass
ess
in
g
,
an
d
m
itig
atin
g
r
is
k
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
AI
life
cy
cle
[
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
R
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c
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N:
2252
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A
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ch
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…
(
D
a
s
o
l Ki
m
)
3061
AI
liter
ac
y
also
o
f
f
er
s
a
b
asis
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
y
in
g
wh
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tau
g
h
t
a
n
d
wh
at
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
ass
es
s
ed
.
L
o
n
g
an
d
Ma
g
er
k
o
[
6
]
ar
ti
cu
lated
co
r
e
AI
liter
ac
y
co
m
p
eten
cies
(
e.
g
.
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
AI
co
n
ce
p
ts
;
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
d
ata,
m
o
d
els,
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
ts
;
cr
itically
ju
d
g
in
g
lim
itatio
n
s
,
er
r
o
r
s
,
an
d
s
o
cieta
l
im
p
ac
ts
)
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
d
esig
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
f
o
r
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
Ng
et
a
l.
[
7
]
f
u
r
th
er
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
d
A
I
liter
ac
y
alo
n
g
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
,
u
s
e,
ev
alu
atio
n
/cr
ea
tio
n
,
a
n
d
eth
ics,
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
a
n
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
d
esig
n
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
K
–
1
2
AI
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
em
ain
s
u
n
ev
en
r
elativ
e
to
p
o
licy
asp
ir
atio
n
s
.
T
o
u
r
etzk
y
et
a
l.
[
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
s
co
p
e
a
n
d
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
AI
lear
n
in
g
th
at
all
K
–
1
2
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
ac
q
u
ir
e
an
d
em
p
h
asized
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
s
o
r
g
an
ized
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
“
b
ig
id
ea
s
”
o
f
AI
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
[
9
]
.
Desp
ite
th
es
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
als,
r
ec
en
t
s
y
n
th
esis
s
tu
d
ies
r
ep
o
r
t
th
at
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
AI
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
ten
p
r
io
r
itizes
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
an
d
to
o
l
u
s
e,
wh
er
ea
s
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n
in
g
ex
p
er
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n
ce
s
th
at
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
ig
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
co
m
p
eten
cies
—
s
u
ch
as
lear
n
er
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
d
atasets
,
iter
ativ
ely
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
m
o
d
els,
an
d
i
n
ter
p
r
etin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
lim
itatio
n
s
—
r
em
ain
co
m
p
ar
ativ
ely
s
ca
r
ce
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
L
ar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
an
aly
s
es
o
f
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
im
ilar
ly
in
d
icate
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
v
ar
iatio
n
in
lear
n
i
n
g
th
eo
r
i
es,
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
alig
n
m
en
t,
an
d
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
b
ased
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
AI
liter
ac
y
o
u
tc
o
m
es is
s
till
lim
ited
[
1
2
]
.
T
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
“wh
at
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
,
”
r
eliab
le
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
ar
e
ess
en
t
ial.
W
o
r
k
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
AI
liter
ac
y
s
ca
les
f
o
r
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
—
in
clu
d
in
g
AI
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
d
ata
liter
ac
y
,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
s
o
cial
im
p
ac
t/eth
ics
—
an
d
in
d
icate
s
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
g
en
er
al
A
I
liter
ac
y
s
ca
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
b
asis
f
o
r
c
r
o
s
s
-
co
n
tex
t
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
d
em
p
ir
ica
l
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
e
f
f
ec
t
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
m
p
o
r
tan
tly
,
eth
ics
an
d
s
o
cial
im
p
ac
t
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
tr
ea
ted
as
o
p
tio
n
al
a
d
d
-
o
n
s
in
AI
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
u
t
as
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
Sch
o
lar
s
h
ip
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
ca
lled
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
s
o
cio
-
et
h
ical
is
s
u
es
in
to
K
–
1
2
AI
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
[
1
5
]
,
an
d
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
p
r
o
ject
-
b
ased
,
in
teg
r
ated
AI
-
an
d
-
eth
ics
cu
r
r
icu
la
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ac
tiv
ity
-
ce
n
ter
ed
lea
r
n
in
g
,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
em
b
ed
d
in
g
o
f
et
h
ical
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
ac
ce
s
s
b
ar
r
ier
s
ca
n
en
h
a
n
c
e
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
s
th
ese
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
with
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
c
atio
n
,
wh
ich
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
in
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
an
d
m
a
k
er
-
o
r
ien
ted
lear
n
in
g
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
c
o
n
n
ec
ts
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
b
y
g
u
id
in
g
lear
n
e
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
e
f
in
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
s
p
ec
if
y
in
g
d
esig
n
s
,
b
u
ild
in
g
an
d
test
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ev
id
e
n
ce
-
b
ased
r
atio
n
ales
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
(
PB
L
)
liter
atu
r
e
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
au
to
n
o
m
y
an
d
au
th
e
n
ticity
alo
n
e
ar
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t;
r
ath
er
,
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
in
q
u
ir
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
(
s
ca
f
f
o
ld
in
g
)
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
alig
n
ed
with
lear
n
in
g
g
o
al
s
ar
e
d
ec
is
iv
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
s
ca
f
f
o
ld
in
g
in
p
r
o
b
le
m
-
/p
r
o
ject
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
ar
g
u
es
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es
d
elib
e
r
ate
ly
b
alan
cin
g
co
g
n
itiv
e
ch
allen
g
e
with
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
r
ath
er
th
a
n
r
el
y
in
g
o
n
“m
in
im
al
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
”
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
teg
r
atin
g
AI
lear
n
in
g
in
to
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
jects
ca
lls
f
o
r
ex
p
licitly
em
b
ed
d
in
g
th
e
AI
p
ip
elin
e
(
d
ata
co
lle
ctio
n
→
tr
ain
in
g
→
ev
alu
atio
n
→
ap
p
licatio
n
)
with
in
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
f
lo
w
an
d
m
ak
in
g
lear
n
e
r
s
’
d
ec
is
io
n
r
atio
n
ales
v
is
ib
le
at
ea
ch
s
tag
e
(
e.
g
.
,
d
ata
q
u
ality
,
class
b
alan
ce
,
er
r
o
r
ty
p
es,
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
)
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
o
b
o
tics
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ar
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
ey
m
ak
e
AI
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
as
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
o
u
tco
m
es,
th
e
r
eb
y
v
is
u
alizin
g
h
o
w
m
o
d
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
af
f
ec
t
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ac
tio
n
s
.
Sy
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews o
f
r
o
b
o
tics
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
s
u
g
g
est th
at
r
o
b
o
tics
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
m
o
tiv
atio
n
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t,
alth
o
u
g
h
ef
f
ec
ts
v
ar
y
d
ep
e
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
task
d
esig
n
,
teac
h
er
s
ca
f
f
o
ld
in
g
,
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
ac
tices
[
2
1
]
.
R
ev
iews
o
f
r
o
b
o
ts
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lik
ewis
e
n
o
te
t
h
at
lear
n
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
b
o
t
(
to
o
l,
tu
to
r
,
p
ee
r
)
,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
tex
t,
a
n
d
r
elia
b
ilit
y
is
s
u
es
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
lo
w
-
co
s
t
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ase
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
e.
g
.
,
Ar
d
u
in
o
)
ca
n
p
r
o
m
o
te
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
t
h
in
k
in
g
in
PB
L
/STE
M
co
n
te
x
ts
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
an
d
p
r
io
r
wo
r
k
o
n
lo
w
-
co
s
t
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ased
teac
h
in
g
m
o
d
els
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
c
alab
ilit
y
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
[
2
5
]
.
B
lo
ck
-
b
ased
lan
g
u
a
g
es
(
e.
g
.
,
Scr
atch
)
lo
wer
en
tr
y
b
ar
r
ier
s
f
o
r
n
o
v
ic
e
lear
n
er
s
[
2
6
]
,
a
n
d
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
web
-
b
ased
in
ter
f
ac
es
f
o
r
tr
ain
i
n
g
an
d
test
in
g
class
if
icatio
n
m
o
d
els
h
as
f
u
r
th
e
r
en
ab
led
m
ac
h
in
e
-
lear
n
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
ities
in
K
–
1
2
co
n
tex
ts
[
2
7
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
in
Ko
r
ea
,
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
AI
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
p
r
im
a
r
ily
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
with
in
in
f
o
r
m
atics/co
m
p
u
tin
g
s
u
b
jec
ts
,
an
d
p
r
io
r
an
aly
s
es
h
av
e
r
aised
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
wea
k
v
er
tical
ar
ticu
latio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ch
o
o
l
lev
els
d
u
e
to
lim
ited
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
tim
e
an
d
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
[
2
8
]
.
E
v
en
wh
en
p
h
y
s
ical
co
m
p
u
tin
g
is
u
s
ed
,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
ten
co
n
ce
n
tr
ates
o
n
r
u
le
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
(
e.
g
.
,
co
n
d
itio
n
al
b
r
an
c
h
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
en
s
o
r
r
ea
d
i
n
g
s
)
,
wh
ich
m
ay
r
estrict
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
lear
n
er
s
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
d
atasets
,
ev
alu
ate
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
o
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
a
n
d
m
itig
ate
th
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
m
is
class
if
icatio
n
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
f
u
s
io
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
attem
p
ts
u
s
in
g
3
D
p
r
in
tin
g
f
o
r
r
o
b
o
t
-
a
r
m
f
ab
r
icatio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
[
2
9
]
,
class
r
o
o
m
-
r
ea
d
y
d
esig
n
s
th
at
r
ed
u
c
e
b
u
r
d
en
s
r
elate
d
to
ass
em
b
ly
,
cir
cu
it
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
an
d
less
o
n
o
p
er
ati
o
n
at
th
e
m
i
d
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
lev
el
r
em
ain
an
o
n
g
o
in
g
ch
allen
g
e
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
AI
-
b
ased
in
v
e
n
tio
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
AI
f
o
r
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
in
g
a
n
d
d
esig
n
ac
tiv
ities
[
3
0
]
.
H
o
wev
e
r
,
co
n
cr
ete
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
ac
k
ag
es
th
at
en
a
b
le
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
0
6
0
-
3
0
7
4
3062
in
teg
r
ated
f
lo
w
o
f
m
o
d
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
→
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
t
io
n
s
→
r
es
p
o
n
s
ib
le
d
esig
n
(
e.
g
.
,
s
af
ety
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
m
is
u
s
e)
r
eq
u
ir
e
f
u
r
th
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t a
n
d
em
p
ir
ical
v
alid
atio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
i
)
d
ev
el
o
p
a
lo
w
-
co
s
t,
class
r
o
o
m
-
r
ea
d
y
2
-
d
eg
r
ee
-
of
-
f
r
ee
d
o
m
(2
-
DOF)
r
o
b
o
t
-
a
r
m
k
it
th
at
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
a
s
s
em
b
le
with
r
elativ
e
ea
s
e
w
h
ile
lear
n
in
g
b
asi
c
m
ec
h
an
ical
elem
e
n
ts
an
d
s
im
p
le
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
c
u
its
;
ii
)
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
tr
ain
in
g
,
ev
al
u
atin
g
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
an
im
ag
e
-
class
if
icatio
n
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
b
eg
in
n
e
r
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
web
-
b
ased
to
o
ls
a
n
d
a
b
lo
ck
-
c
o
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t;
an
d
iii
)
d
esig
n
,
v
alid
ate,
an
d
ev
alu
ate
an
AI
-
i
n
teg
r
ated
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
u
n
it
th
a
t
im
p
lem
en
ts
th
e
AI
p
ip
elin
e
(
d
ata
→
m
o
d
el
→
e
v
alu
atio
n
→
a
p
p
licatio
n
)
with
in
an
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
d
esig
n
task
b
y
lin
k
in
g
m
o
d
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
to
r
o
b
o
t
-
ar
m
m
o
v
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
2
-
DOF
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
was
d
elib
er
ately
s
elec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
it
allo
ws
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
k
in
em
atic
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
w
h
ile
s
till
en
ab
lin
g
lear
n
er
s
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
ch
as
wo
r
k
s
p
ac
e
lim
its
,
lo
ad
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
an
d
m
o
tio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
k
it
wa
s
in
te
n
tio
n
ally
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
o
r
d
in
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
ass
em
b
ly
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
s
im
p
lify
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic,
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
USB
s
in
g
le
-
ca
b
le
o
p
er
atio
n
with
o
u
t
a
s
ep
ar
ate
ex
ter
n
al
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
d
ev
elo
p
n
o
t
o
n
ly
an
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
to
o
l,
b
u
t
also
a
f
e
asib
le
em
b
o
d
ied
AI
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
c
o
u
ld
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
ev
e
n
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
s
ch
o
o
l settin
g
s
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
is
al
s
o
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l in
th
at
it e
n
ab
les
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
AI
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
esig
n
b
y
allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
h
o
w
m
is
class
if
icatio
n
m
ay
lead
to
p
h
y
s
ical
m
is
o
p
er
atio
n
[
5
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
n
o
v
el
in
f
o
u
r
r
esp
ec
ts
.
First,
u
n
lik
e
m
an
y
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
r
o
b
o
t
-
a
r
m
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
r
ely
o
n
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
m
u
lti
-
jo
in
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
ex
ter
n
al
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lies
,
o
r
s
cr
ee
n
-
b
ased
AI
e
x
p
l
o
r
atio
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
ten
tio
n
ally
a
d
o
p
ts
a
2
-
DOF
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
a
USB
s
in
g
le
-
ca
b
le
d
esig
n
to
m
ax
im
ize
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
s
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
class
r
o
o
m
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
o
r
d
in
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
ass
em
b
ly
d
if
f
icu
lty
,
s
im
p
lifie
s
co
n
tr
o
l
l
o
g
ic,
an
d
e
n
ab
les
em
b
o
d
ied
AI
lear
n
in
g
ev
en
in
u
n
d
er
-
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ettin
g
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
class
r
o
o
m
s
with
o
ld
er
PC
s
an
d
lim
ited
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
tr
ea
t
th
e
r
o
b
o
t
ar
m
m
er
ely
as
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
ar
tifa
ct;
r
ath
er
,
it
p
r
esen
ts
a
p
o
we
r
-
o
p
ti
m
ized
,
s
ch
o
o
l
-
s
ca
lab
le
in
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
al
k
it
d
esig
n
e
d
s
o
th
at
n
o
v
ice
lear
n
er
s
ca
n
ass
em
b
le,
o
p
er
ate,
an
d
test
an
em
b
o
d
ied
AI
s
y
s
tem
wit
h
in
r
ea
lis
tic
class
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
u
n
it
em
b
ed
s
th
e
f
u
ll
AI
p
ip
elin
e
—
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
lab
elin
g
,
m
o
d
e
l
tr
ain
in
g
,
ev
alu
atio
n
,
r
ev
is
io
n
,
an
d
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
—
with
in
a
ta
n
g
ib
le
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
-
d
esig
n
task
,
allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
h
o
w
m
o
d
el
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
an
d
m
o
d
el
er
r
o
r
s
tr
a
n
s
late
in
to
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
p
o
te
n
tial
m
is
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
b
y
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
a
q
u
asi
-
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
d
esig
n
with
q
u
alitativ
e
r
ef
lectio
n
d
ata,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
e
x
am
in
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
wh
eth
e
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
AI
-
r
e
lated
o
u
tco
m
es
im
p
r
o
v
e
,
b
u
t
also
h
o
w
em
b
o
d
ied
AI
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
p
r
o
m
o
te
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
ab
o
u
t
s
af
ety
,
m
is
u
s
e,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
in
m
i
d
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
th
is
r
esp
ec
t,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
em
b
o
d
i
ed
AI
lear
n
in
g
d
esig
n
b
u
t
al
s
o
to
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
r
o
b
o
tics
an
d
AI
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
k
it
th
at
is
f
ea
s
ib
le
f
o
r
r
o
u
tin
e
u
s
e
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
s
ch
o
o
l e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
as:
−
Ar
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
tic
ar
m
k
it
an
d
th
e
ac
c
o
m
p
an
y
in
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
ater
ia
ls
f
ea
s
ib
le
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
?
(
R
Q1
)
−
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
d
o
es
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
u
n
it
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
AI
-
r
elate
d
o
u
tco
m
es (
v
alu
e,
e
f
f
ic
ac
y
,
an
d
AI
liter
ac
y
)?
(
R
Q2
)
2.
P
RO
CE
DUR
E
F
O
R
DE
V
E
L
O
P
I
NG
T
H
E
I
NS
T
RU
CT
I
O
NAL K
I
T
A
ND
M
AT
E
RI
AL
S
2
.
1
.
O
v
er
v
iew
o
f
k
it
des
ig
n
T
o
d
e
v
elo
p
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
k
it,
we
d
r
ew
o
n
a
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
r
ep
o
r
ted
lo
w
-
co
s
t
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ased
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
[
2
5
]
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
:
i
)
we
s
elec
ted
th
e
to
p
ic
an
d
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
at
a
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
t
a
r
m
with
a
g
r
ip
p
e
r
w
o
u
ld
b
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
p
r
a
cticin
g
AI
im
a
g
e
-
class
if
icatio
n
m
o
d
els
;
ii
)
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
Me
d
iu
m
-
d
en
s
ity
f
ib
er
b
o
ar
d
(
MD
F)
-
b
ased
k
it
u
s
in
g
an
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
-
co
m
p
atib
le
b
o
ar
d
;
iii
)
c
o
n
d
u
cted
p
ilo
t
test
s
to
co
n
f
ir
m
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
;
iv
)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
ater
ials
u
s
in
g
C
an
v
a;
v
)
we
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
e
k
it
a
n
d
u
n
it
with
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
e
x
am
in
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ef
f
ec
ts
;
an
d
vi
)
r
ef
in
ed
th
e
k
it
a
n
d
m
ater
ials
b
ased
o
n
id
e
n
tifie
d
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
in
ten
d
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
k
it
was
n
o
t
o
n
ly
tech
n
ically
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
u
t
also
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
ally
m
an
ag
ea
b
le
in
an
o
r
d
in
ar
y
m
i
d
d
le
-
s
ch
o
o
l settin
g
.
T
h
e
k
it
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
two
-
s
er
v
o
-
jo
in
t
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
t
-
ar
m
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
a
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
as
ed
co
n
t
r
o
l
m
o
d
u
le,
a
g
r
ip
p
e
r
,
an
d
a
m
an
u
ally
o
p
er
ated
jo
y
s
tick
.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
ty
p
i
ca
l
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
class
r
o
o
m
s
,
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
lo
w
-
co
s
t
m
ater
ials
,
p
r
im
ar
ily
MD
F
an
d
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
c
o
m
p
atib
le
b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
e
k
it
was
also
d
esig
n
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
ass
em
b
ly
b
u
r
d
e
n
,
s
im
p
lify
cir
cu
it
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t r
ep
e
ated
class
r
o
o
m
u
s
e
u
n
d
er
lim
it
ed
tim
e
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dev
elo
p
in
g
a
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
tic
a
r
m
kit
fo
r
emb
o
d
ied
A
I
le
a
r
n
in
g
in
mid
d
le
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ch
o
o
l
…
(
D
a
s
o
l Ki
m
)
3063
2
.
2
.
AI
lea
rning
f
lo
w
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
eq
u
en
ce
w
as
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
en
ac
t
th
e
c
o
r
e
AI
p
i
p
elin
e
em
p
h
asized
in
K
–
1
2
AI
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
[
6
]
,
[
9
]
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
f
ir
s
t
d
ef
in
e
d
a
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
wh
ic
h
class
if
icatio
n
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l,
s
u
ch
as
s
o
r
tin
g
o
b
jects
b
y
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
r
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ec
o
g
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izin
g
s
im
p
le
h
an
d
g
estu
r
es.
T
h
ey
th
en
co
llected
an
d
lab
eled
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
a
n
d
tr
ain
e
d
a
clas
s
if
icatio
n
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
E
n
tr
y
,
a
b
eg
in
n
e
r
-
f
r
ie
n
d
ly
web
-
b
ased
to
o
l [
2
7
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
in
ter
p
r
eted
th
e
c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
els
o
f
im
ag
e
-
cl
ass
if
icatio
n
o
u
tp
u
ts
b
y
ex
a
m
in
in
g
th
e
co
llected
d
ataset
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
m
o
d
el
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
T
h
e
y
iter
ativ
ely
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
q
u
an
tity
a
n
d
q
u
ality
o
f
d
ata,
in
clu
d
in
g
class
b
alan
ce
,
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
ex
am
p
les,
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fin
all
y
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
e
p
lo
y
ed
th
e
tr
ai
n
ed
m
o
d
el
b
y
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
it
to
r
o
b
o
t
-
a
r
m
co
n
tr
o
l,
o
b
s
er
v
ed
h
o
w
m
is
class
if
icatio
n
co
u
ld
lead
to
p
h
y
s
ical
m
is
o
p
er
atio
n
,
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
m
itig
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
u
ch
as
ad
d
in
g
a
n
“
u
n
k
n
o
wn
/n
o
-
ac
tio
n
”
class
,
u
s
in
g
r
e
p
ea
ted
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
d
ata
q
u
a
lity
,
o
r
r
ed
esig
n
in
g
th
e
task
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
u
n
it
allo
wed
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
AI
n
o
t
o
n
ly
as
s
o
f
twar
e
o
u
tp
u
t,
b
u
t
also
as
a
d
ec
is
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
v
is
ib
le
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ov
e
r
v
iew
o
f
k
it d
esig
n
2
.
3
.
Unit
s
t
ruct
ure
T
h
e
u
n
it
was
d
esig
n
ed
as
eig
h
t
4
5
-
m
in
u
te
less
o
n
s
.
I
t
co
m
b
in
ed
b
r
ief
co
n
ce
p
t
in
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
,
g
u
id
e
d
p
r
ac
tice,
team
-
b
ased
d
esig
n
wo
r
k
,
an
d
r
ef
lectio
n
,
alig
n
in
g
with
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
p
r
ac
tices
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
PB
L
.
T
h
e
less
o
n
o
v
er
v
iew
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Un
it
o
v
er
v
iew
Le
sso
n
C
o
r
e
t
o
p
i
c
K
e
y
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
a
b
l
e
s
1
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
d
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
safe
t
y
P
r
o
b
l
e
m s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
;
l
i
st
o
f
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
2
R
o
b
o
t
-
a
r
m
a
sse
mb
l
y
a
n
d
b
a
si
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
b
o
t
a
r
m;
mo
v
e
me
n
t
l
o
g
/
r
e
c
o
r
d
3
C
l
a
s
si
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
s
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
C
l
a
s
s
d
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
s;
d
a
t
a
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
4
D
a
t
a
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
l
a
b
e
l
i
n
g
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
se
t
v
1
5
M
o
d
e
l
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
a
nd
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
v
1
me
t
r
i
c
s;
e
r
r
o
r
-
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
n
o
t
e
s
6
M
o
d
e
l
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
f
a
i
r
n
e
ss/
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
M
o
d
e
l
v
2
;
mi
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
p
l
a
n
7
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
mo
d
e
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
w
i
t
h
r
o
b
o
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
D
e
mo
n
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s;
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
-
c
a
u
s
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
8
A
ssessme
n
t
a
n
d
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
D
e
si
g
n
r
e
p
o
r
t
;
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
A
I
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
e
ss
a
y
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
a
q
u
asi
-
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
p
r
etest
–
p
o
s
ttes
t
co
n
tr
o
l
-
g
r
o
u
p
d
esig
n
an
d
a
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ex
a
m
in
ed
wh
eth
e
r
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
an
AI
-
in
teg
r
ated
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
u
n
it
b
ased
o
n
a
l
o
w
-
co
s
t
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
tic
a
r
m
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
AI
-
r
elate
d
o
u
tco
m
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
was
in
clu
d
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
h
o
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
ter
p
r
eted
t
h
e
v
al
u
e,
r
is
k
s
,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
u
s
e
o
f
AI
wh
en
m
o
d
el
o
u
t
p
u
ts
wer
e
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
p
h
y
s
ical
r
o
b
o
tic
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
p
ar
ti
cip
ated
in
th
e
AI
-
in
teg
r
ate
d
u
n
it
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
leted
an
alter
n
ativ
e
eig
h
t
-
less
o
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
r
o
b
o
tics
/m
ec
h
an
ical
elem
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
0
6
0
-
3
0
7
4
3064
an
d
r
u
le
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
with
o
u
t
m
ac
h
in
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
tr
ain
i
n
g
o
r
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
was
s
elec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
at
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tu
d
en
t
lev
el
was
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le
u
n
d
er
o
r
d
in
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Qu
an
ti
tativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
p
er
io
d
,
an
aly
ze
d
s
ep
a
r
ately
,
a
n
d
i
n
teg
r
ated
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
ter
p
r
et
atio
n
s
tag
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
r
ef
lecti
v
e
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
.
3
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts a
nd
co
nte
x
t
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
n
in
th
-
g
r
ad
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
a
p
u
b
lic
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
in
t
h
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
Ko
r
ea
.
A
to
tal
o
f
9
8
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
two
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
class
es
(
n
=4
6
)
a
n
d
two
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
class
es
(
n
=5
2
)
.
E
x
ac
t
ag
e
d
ata
wer
e
n
o
t
co
llected
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
th
is
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
s
tu
d
y
;
h
o
wev
er
,
n
in
th
-
g
r
ad
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
Ko
r
ea
n
s
ch
o
o
l
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
ty
p
ically
1
5
to
1
6
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
im
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
in
clu
d
ed
2
6
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
2
0
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
in
clu
d
ed
3
1
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
2
1
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
All p
ar
ticip
atin
g
clas
s
es b
elo
n
g
ed
to
th
e
s
am
e
g
r
ad
e
lev
el
an
d
s
h
ar
ed
a
s
im
ilar
s
ch
o
o
l
co
n
tex
t
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
tim
etab
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
C
las
s
as
s
ig
n
m
en
t
was
co
n
d
u
c
ted
o
n
an
in
tact
-
class
b
asis
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
s
ch
o
o
l
tim
etab
le
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
b
etwe
en
Ap
r
il
7
an
d
A
p
r
il
2
5
,
2
0
2
5
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ch
ed
u
le
d
id
n
o
t
p
er
m
it
r
a
n
d
o
m
r
ea
s
s
ig
n
m
en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
clas
s
es,
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
a
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
q
u
asi
-
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
r
ath
er
th
a
n
as
a
r
an
d
o
m
ized
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
tr
ial.
W
ith
in
class
es,
s
tu
d
en
ts
wo
r
k
ed
in
team
s
o
f
th
r
ee
t
o
f
o
u
r
,
an
d
team
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
an
d
o
m
ass
ig
n
m
en
t.
B
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
wer
e
tau
g
h
t
b
y
th
e
s
am
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
teac
h
e
r
,
wh
ich
h
elp
ed
r
ed
u
ce
teac
h
er
-
r
elate
d
v
ar
iatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Pr
io
r
to
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
a
p
p
r
o
v
al
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
ci
p
al
as
th
e
r
elev
an
t
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
au
th
o
r
ity
,
an
d
b
o
th
p
ar
e
n
tal
co
n
s
en
t
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
ass
en
t
wer
e
s
ec
u
r
ed
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
was
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
th
at
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
th
eir
g
r
a
d
es.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
tact
-
class
d
esig
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ec
o
lo
g
ical
v
alid
ity
b
y
p
r
eser
v
in
g
a
u
th
en
tic
class
r
o
o
m
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
u
ld
s
till
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
ca
u
tio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
class
-
lev
el
clu
s
ter
in
g
ef
f
ec
ts
m
ay
r
em
ain
.
3
.
3
.
T
re
a
t
m
ent
a
nd
co
m
pa
ri
s
o
n c
o
nd
it
io
ns
3
.
3
.
1
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
g
ro
up
Stu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
leted
th
e
eig
h
t
-
less
o
n
AI
-
in
teg
r
ated
u
n
it.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
eig
h
t 4
5
-
m
in
u
te
l
ess
o
n
s
,
f
o
r
a
to
tal
o
f
3
6
0
m
in
u
tes,
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
v
er
t
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
led
class
p
er
io
d
.
Acr
o
s
s
th
e
les
s
o
n
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
ef
in
ed
a
class
if
icatio
n
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
b
lem
,
ass
em
b
led
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
a
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
tic
ar
m
,
co
llected
an
d
la
b
eled
im
ag
e
d
ata,
tr
ain
ed
a
n
d
ev
alu
ated
a
n
im
ag
e
-
class
if
icatio
n
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
E
n
tr
y
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
m
o
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
iter
ativ
e
d
ata
r
ev
is
io
n
,
an
d
f
in
ally
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
to
r
o
b
o
t
-
a
r
m
m
o
v
em
en
t.
3
.
3
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n
g
r
o
up
Stu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
p
leted
an
eig
h
t
-
less
o
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
also
to
talin
g
3
6
0
m
in
u
tes.
T
h
is
s
eq
u
en
ce
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
r
o
b
o
t
-
a
r
m
ass
em
b
ly
,
s
er
v
o
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
r
u
le
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
wo
r
k
ed
o
n
a
s
im
ilar
p
h
y
s
ical
ar
tifa
ct
an
d
co
m
p
leted
a
s
im
ilar
d
esig
n
-
r
elate
d
task
,
th
eir
less
o
n
s
d
id
n
o
t
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
a
ch
in
e
-
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
tr
ain
in
g
,
m
o
d
el
ev
alu
atio
n
,
o
r
m
o
d
el
-
b
ased
co
n
t
r
o
l.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
k
ey
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
two
co
n
d
itio
n
s
was
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
r
ex
clu
s
io
n
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
-
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
AI
-
p
ip
elin
e
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
.
3
.
3
.
3
.
I
m
plem
ent
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
nit
o
ring
T
o
m
o
n
ito
r
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
f
id
elity
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
u
s
ed
a
f
id
elity
ch
ec
k
lis
t
th
at
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
th
e
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
k
ey
less
o
n
ac
ti
v
ities
,
tim
e
allo
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
d
e
liv
er
y
o
f
co
r
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
E
x
a
m
p
le
item
s
in
clu
d
e
d
wh
eth
er
p
lan
n
ed
s
af
ety
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
was
d
eliv
er
ed
,
wh
eth
er
m
o
d
el
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
test
in
g
s
te
p
s
wer
e
co
m
p
leted
as
s
ch
ed
u
led
,
a
n
d
w
h
eth
er
t
ea
m
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
ar
tifa
cts
f
o
r
ea
c
h
less
o
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ac
tiv
ity
s
tatu
s
an
d
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
p
r
o
g
r
ess
wer
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
h
ar
ed
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
eir
Go
o
g
le
Sit
es
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
s
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
in
ten
d
e
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
h
ad
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
p
er
i
o
d
.
3
.
4
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
s
3
.
4
.
1
.
Q
ua
ntit
a
t
i
v
e
m
e
a
s
ures
T
o
ass
ess
AI
-
r
elate
d
o
u
tco
m
es
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
an
AI
liter
ac
y
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t r
ep
o
r
ted
in
p
r
io
r
Ko
r
ea
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
m
p
r
is
ed
1
4
item
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
s
u
b
d
o
m
ain
s
:
v
al
u
e
o
f
AI
(
5
item
s
)
,
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
AI
(
4
item
s
)
,
a
n
d
AI
liter
ac
y
(
5
item
s
)
.
All item
s
wer
e
r
ated
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
in
t L
ik
e
r
t scale
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
(
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
)
to
5
(
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
)
.
R
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
i
tem
s
ad
d
r
ess
ed
wh
et
h
er
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
r
eg
ar
d
ed
AI
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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&
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2252
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8
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2
Dev
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in
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2
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DOF
r
o
b
o
tic
a
r
m
kit
fo
r
emb
o
d
ied
A
I
le
a
r
n
in
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in
mid
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le
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ch
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o
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(
D
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s
o
l Ki
m
)
3065
s
o
cially
u
s
ef
u
l
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
t,
wh
eth
er
th
ey
f
elt
co
n
f
id
en
t
i
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
u
s
in
g
AI
-
r
elate
d
id
ea
s
,
an
d
w
h
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t
h
e
r
t
h
e
y
c
o
u
l
d
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
h
o
w
A
I
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
w
h
y
AI
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
m
a
y
s
o
m
e
ti
m
e
s
b
e
in
ac
cu
r
ate
o
r
b
iased
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
ain
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
was
p
ilo
t
-
test
ed
in
a
s
ep
ar
ate
class
(
n
=2
6
)
to
ex
am
in
e
item
clar
ity
a
n
d
s
u
i
tab
ilit
y
f
o
r
th
e
ta
r
g
et
a
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
B
ased
o
n
p
ilo
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
m
in
o
r
w
o
r
d
in
g
r
ev
is
io
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
ea
d
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
a
m
b
ig
u
ity
.
I
n
ter
n
al
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
d
ataset
was
h
ig
h
,
with
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
v
alu
es
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
8
5
8
to
0
.
9
5
9
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
ar
iab
les.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t w
as n
o
t r
ev
alid
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t sam
p
le,
s
o
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
in
th
is
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
t
ex
t sh
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
ca
u
tio
n
.
3
.
4
.
2
.
Q
ua
lita
t
iv
e
da
t
a
s
o
urc
es
Qu
alitativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
to
co
m
p
lem
e
n
t th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
an
d
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
r
ich
er
ac
co
u
n
t o
f
h
o
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ea
s
o
n
e
d
ab
o
u
t
AI
in
a
p
h
y
s
ical
co
m
p
u
tin
g
co
n
tex
t.
Stu
d
en
ts
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
ed
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
m
o
d
els,
an
d
c
o
d
e
in
th
eir
d
esig
n
r
e
p
o
r
ts
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
esp
o
n
d
e
d
t
o
f
o
u
r
o
p
e
n
-
en
d
ed
p
r
o
m
p
ts
:
i
)
u
s
ef
u
l
task
s
th
at
co
u
ld
b
e
d
o
n
e
with
an
AI
r
o
b
o
t
ar
m
;
ii
)
e
x
p
ec
ted
b
en
ef
its
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
s
in
AI
;
iii
)
co
n
ce
r
n
s
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
ad
v
a
n
c
es in
AI
;
an
d
iv
)
r
u
les f
o
r
u
s
in
g
AI
s
af
ely
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
m
p
ts
wer
e
d
esig
n
e
d
to
elicit
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
,
b
e
n
ef
its
,
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
u
s
e.
T
h
e
wr
itten
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
s
u
p
p
lem
e
n
ted
b
y
r
elate
d
ar
tifa
cts
s
u
ch
as
d
ataset
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
ts
,
m
o
d
el
-
ev
alu
atio
n
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
a
n
d
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
m
ater
ials
.
T
o
g
e
th
er
,
th
ese
s
o
u
r
ce
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ataset
f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
3
.
5
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n pro
ce
du
re
s
T
h
e
p
r
etest
was
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
o
n
e
wee
k
p
r
io
r
to
t
h
e
b
e
g
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
u
n
it.
T
h
e
p
o
s
ttes
t
was
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
with
in
o
n
e
wee
k
a
f
ter
t
h
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
h
ad
c
o
n
clu
d
e
d
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
ata
,
s
tu
d
en
t
ar
tifa
cts
—
in
clu
d
in
g
d
atasets
,
m
o
d
el
-
ev
alu
atio
n
s
cr
e
en
s
h
o
ts
,
d
esig
n
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
an
d
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
m
ater
ials
—
wer
e
co
llected
in
an
o
p
e
n
-
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
f
o
r
m
at
u
s
in
g
Go
o
g
le
Sit
es.
B
ef
o
r
e
an
al
y
s
is
,
all
d
ata
w
er
e
an
o
n
y
m
ized
b
y
r
ep
lacin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
n
am
es
with
p
ar
ticip
an
t
co
d
es,
an
d
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
wer
e
later
in
teg
r
ated
d
u
r
in
g
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
3
.
6
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
3
.
6
.
1
.
Q
ua
ntit
a
t
i
v
e
a
na
ly
s
is
Qu
an
titativ
e
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
s
ev
er
al
s
tep
s
.
First,
th
e
d
ata
wer
e
s
cr
ee
n
ed
an
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
t
ics
wer
e
co
m
p
u
ted
f
o
r
ea
ch
m
ea
s
u
r
e
.
Seco
n
d
,
b
ase
lin
e
eq
u
iv
alen
ce
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
was
ex
am
in
ed
u
s
in
g
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
-
s
a
m
p
les
t
-
test
s
o
n
p
r
etest
s
co
r
es.
T
h
ir
d
,
tr
ea
tm
en
t
ef
f
ec
ts
wer
e
test
ed
u
s
in
g
s
ep
a
r
ate
an
aly
s
es
o
f
c
o
v
ar
ian
ce
(
ANCOV
As)
f
o
r
ea
c
h
o
u
tco
m
e
v
ar
iab
le,
with
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
o
s
ttes
t
s
co
r
e
as
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le,
g
r
o
u
p
(
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
v
s
.
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
)
as
th
e
f
ix
ed
f
ac
to
r
,
an
d
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
r
etest sco
r
e
as th
e
co
v
ar
iate.
Prio
r
to
th
e
m
ain
an
aly
s
es,
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
ch
ec
k
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
ANCOVA,
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
o
f
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
s
lo
p
es
was
test
ed
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
Gr
o
u
p
×
Pre
test
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
n
o
r
m
ality
was
ex
am
in
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
Sh
ap
ir
o
–
W
ilk
test
s
an
d
v
is
u
al
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
o
f
Q
–
Q
p
l
o
ts
,
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eit
y
o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
was
e
x
am
in
ed
u
s
in
g
L
ev
en
e
’
s
test
.
T
h
ese
c
h
ec
k
s
in
d
icate
d
s
o
m
e
d
ev
iatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
n
o
r
m
ality
an
d
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
o
f
v
a
r
ian
ce
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
p
o
s
ttes
t
o
u
tco
m
es,
lik
ely
r
ef
lectin
g
ce
ilin
g
ef
f
ec
ts
in
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ata.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
ese
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
,
th
e
ANCOVA
r
esu
lts
wer
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
ca
u
tio
n
a
n
d
wer
e
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
ch
ec
k
s
u
s
in
g
h
eter
o
s
k
ed
asti
city
-
r
o
b
u
s
t stan
d
ar
d
er
r
o
r
s
.
3
.
6
.
2
.
Q
ua
lita
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
em
atic
an
aly
s
is
f
o
llo
win
g
B
r
au
n
an
d
C
lar
k
e’
s
s
ix
-
p
h
ase
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
3
1
]
.
First,
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
r
e
p
ea
ted
ly
r
ea
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
wr
itten
r
esp
o
n
s
es
an
d
ar
tifa
cts
to
g
ain
f
am
iliar
ity
with
th
e
d
ata.
Sec
o
n
d
,
i
n
itial
m
ea
n
in
g
u
n
its
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
a
n
d
c
o
d
ed
.
T
h
ir
d
,
r
elate
d
co
d
es
wer
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
to
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
wh
ich
wer
e
th
en
r
ev
iewe
d
an
d
r
ef
i
n
ed
in
to
b
r
o
ad
er
th
em
es.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
th
em
es
wer
e
d
ef
in
ed
,
n
am
ed
,
an
d
i
n
ter
p
r
ete
d
in
r
elatio
n
t
o
th
e
r
esear
c
h
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
q
u
an
titativ
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
co
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
llo
wed
a
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
r
ef
lectio
n
p
r
o
m
p
ts
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
an
i
n
itial
d
ed
u
ctiv
e
f
r
am
e
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
iz
in
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
ile
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
teg
o
r
ies
an
d
s
u
b
th
em
es
wer
e
g
en
er
ate
d
in
d
u
ctiv
ely
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ac
tu
al
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
I
n
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ataset,
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
y
ield
ed
2
2
6
m
ea
n
in
g
u
n
its
an
d
f
o
u
r
o
v
er
ar
c
h
in
g
t
h
em
es:
i
)
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
ap
p
lica
b
ilit
y
;
ii
)
ex
p
ec
ted
b
en
ef
its
;
iii
)
co
n
ce
r
n
s
an
d
r
is
k
s
;
an
d
iv
)
r
u
les
f
o
r
s
af
e
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
u
s
e.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
,
co
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
e
d
ed
f
r
o
m
r
aw
s
tatem
en
ts
to
m
ea
n
in
g
u
n
its
,
co
d
es,
s
u
b
th
e
m
es,
an
d
f
in
al
th
em
es.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
a
s
tu
d
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
u
ch
as
“T
h
e
r
o
b
o
t
s
h
o
u
ld
s
to
p
im
m
ed
iately
if
s
o
m
eth
in
g
g
o
es
wr
o
n
g
”
was
co
d
ed
as
em
e
r
g
en
c
y
s
to
p
p
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
n
ca
teg
o
r
ized
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
s
u
b
th
em
e
o
f
o
p
er
ati
o
n
co
n
t
r
o
l w
ith
in
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
t
h
em
e
o
f
r
u
les f
o
r
s
af
e
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
u
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
0
6
0
-
3
0
7
4
3066
3
.
7
.
Resea
rc
h
et
hics
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
s
ch
o
o
l
p
o
li
cies
an
d
r
elev
an
t
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
r
esear
ch
.
Fo
r
m
al
ap
p
r
o
v
al
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
in
cip
al
,
wh
o
s
er
v
ed
as
th
e
r
elev
an
t
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
au
th
o
r
ity
f
o
r
th
is
s
ch
o
o
l
-
lev
el
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
b
o
th
p
ar
en
tal
co
n
s
en
t a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t a
s
s
en
t w
er
e
s
ec
u
r
ed
p
r
io
r
to
d
at
a
co
llectio
n
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
was v
o
lu
n
tar
y
an
d
h
ad
n
o
e
f
f
ec
t o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
g
r
ad
es.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ci
ated
with
th
e
r
o
b
o
t
ar
m
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
p
er
s
o
n
ally
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
af
ety
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
u
s
e
u
n
d
er
th
e
g
u
id
an
ce
o
f
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
tea
ch
er
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
in
eq
u
ity
,
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tar
y
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
r
elate
d
to
th
e
AI
-
in
teg
r
ated
ac
tiv
ities
was p
r
o
v
id
ed
t
o
th
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
g
r
o
u
p
af
te
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ad
co
n
clu
d
ed
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Dev
el
o
pm
ent
o
f
t
he
2
-
D
O
F
ro
bo
t
-
a
rm
k
it
T
h
e
r
o
b
o
t
-
ar
m
k
it
was
d
esig
n
ed
to
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
lear
n
er
s
an
d
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
i
n
g
e
n
er
al
p
u
b
lic
s
ch
o
o
ls
with
lim
ited
b
u
d
g
e
ts
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
f
a
b
r
icatio
n
co
s
ts
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
f
r
am
e
was
co
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
two
MD
F
p
lates
,
an
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
was
b
u
ilt
o
n
an
A
r
d
u
in
o
-
co
m
p
atib
le
b
o
ar
d
.
T
o
s
im
p
lify
wir
in
g
an
d
lo
wer
b
ar
r
ier
s
f
o
r
class
r
o
o
m
u
s
e,
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
s
en
s
o
r
s
h
ield
was
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
cir
c
u
it
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
d
a
m
an
u
ally
o
p
e
r
ated
jo
y
s
tick
was
ad
d
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t b
asic c
o
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
test
in
g
.
T
o
ex
am
in
e
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
th
e
k
it
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
ten
d
ed
lear
n
er
s
a
n
d
class
r
o
o
m
c
o
n
tex
t,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
u
n
d
e
r
w
en
t
ex
p
er
t
r
ev
iew
b
y
eig
h
t
ev
alu
ato
r
s
:
f
iv
e
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
/r
esear
ch
er
s
s
p
ec
ializin
g
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
ed
u
c
atio
n
,
an
d
AI
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
th
r
ee
in
-
s
er
v
ice
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
ev
i
ew
was d
e
s
ig
n
ed
to
ass
es
s
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
k
it a
n
d
th
e
ac
co
m
p
a
n
y
in
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
ex
p
er
ts
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
i
)
cla
s
s
r
o
o
m
u
s
ab
ilit
y
(
e.
g
.
,
ass
em
b
ly
d
i
f
f
icu
lty
,
o
p
e
r
ab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
m
an
a
g
ea
b
ilit
y
)
;
ii
)
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
s
af
ety
(
e.
g
.
,
p
o
wer
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
p
o
in
ts
)
;
a
n
d
iii
)
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
u
itab
ilit
y
(
e.
g
.
,
alig
n
m
e
n
t
with
lear
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
a
g
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
)
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
n
o
tes
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
ilo
t
less
o
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
s
etu
p
tim
e,
co
m
m
o
n
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
is
s
u
es,
an
d
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
)
wer
e
co
llected
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
p
r
ac
tice
-
o
r
ien
ted
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
ass
ess
m
en
t.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
p
a
n
el
j
u
d
g
ed
th
e
k
it
t
o
b
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
m
i
d
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
an
d
lik
ely
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
en
g
ag
in
g
lear
n
in
g
task
s
.
T
h
e
k
it
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
leted
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
b
u
ild
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
t
-
ar
m
k
it
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8
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2
2
Dev
elo
p
in
g
a
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
tic
a
r
m
kit
fo
r
emb
o
d
ied
A
I
le
a
r
n
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d
le
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a
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l Ki
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3067
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
ten
tio
n
ally
a
d
o
p
ted
a
2
-
DOF
r
o
b
o
tic
ar
m
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
r
at
h
er
th
an
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
3
-
d
eg
r
ee
-
of
-
f
r
ee
d
o
m
(
3
-
DOF)
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
k
it
to
m
ax
im
iz
e
class
r
o
o
m
u
s
ab
ilit
y
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
tab
ilit
y
.
First,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
jo
in
ts
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
im
p
r
o
v
es
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e:
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
lim
ited
p
r
io
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
ca
n
ass
em
b
le
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
m
o
r
e
q
u
ick
ly
,
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ic
b
ec
o
m
es
s
im
p
ler
to
im
p
lem
en
t
a
n
d
d
eb
u
g
.
T
h
is
s
im
p
lific
atio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
g
o
als
b
y
lo
wer
in
g
in
iti
al
b
ar
r
ier
s
to
en
tr
y
an
d
allo
win
g
lear
n
er
s
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
co
r
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
s
u
ch
as sen
s
in
g
–
d
ec
is
io
n
–
ac
t
u
atio
n
an
d
er
r
o
r
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
.
Seco
n
d
,
t
h
e
k
it
was
d
esig
n
ed
to
o
p
e
r
ate
with
a
“USB
s
in
g
le
-
ca
b
le”
s
etu
p
,
w
h
er
e
o
n
e
USB
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
h
o
s
t
co
m
p
u
t
er
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
o
th
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
an
d
p
o
wer
,
elim
in
atin
g
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
s
ep
ar
ate
ex
ter
n
al
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
.
T
h
is
d
ec
is
io
n
was
m
o
tiv
ated
b
y
ty
p
ical
s
ch
o
o
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
o
l
d
er
class
r
o
o
m
PC
s
an
d
lim
ited
o
u
tlets
)
,
wh
er
e
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
is
m
o
r
e
l
ik
ely
wh
en
th
e
en
tire
s
y
s
tem
r
em
ain
s
with
in
co
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
USB
p
o
wer
lim
it
s
.
I
n
g
en
e
r
al,
USB
2
.
0
p
o
r
ts
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
p
to
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
5
0
0
m
A
an
d
USB
3
.
0
p
o
r
ts
u
p
to
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
0
0
m
A
u
n
d
e
r
n
o
m
in
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
d
esig
n
g
o
al
was
to
co
m
p
lete
all
o
p
er
atio
n
s
with
in
th
e
lo
wer
b
o
u
n
d
(
≤
5
0
0
m
A)
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
p
o
wer
-
r
eset
ev
en
ts
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
p
r
ac
tice.
T
o
ju
s
tify
th
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
t,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
c
h
ar
a
cter
is
tics
o
f
SG9
0
s
er
v
o
m
o
to
r
s
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
b
o
th
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
d
esig
n
.
Un
d
er
ty
p
ical
m
o
tio
n
,
an
SG9
0
s
er
v
o
m
a
y
d
r
aw
r
o
u
g
h
ly
1
0
0
–
3
0
0
m
A;
h
o
wev
er
,
cu
r
r
en
t
d
r
aw
in
cr
ea
s
es
wh
en
th
e
s
er
v
o
m
u
s
t
h
o
ld
a
lo
a
d
(
h
o
ld
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t)
o
r
wh
en
it
b
ec
o
m
es
m
ec
h
an
ically
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
(
s
tall
co
n
d
itio
n
)
,
wh
ich
ca
n
r
ea
ch
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
6
0
0
–
8
0
0
m
A
f
o
r
a
s
in
g
le
s
er
v
o
—
p
o
ten
tially
ex
ce
ed
in
g
th
e
USB
2
.
0
th
r
esh
o
ld
b
y
its
elf
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
g
r
ip
p
er
s
er
v
o
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
h
ig
h
lo
ad
d
u
r
in
g
g
r
asp
in
g
a
n
d
h
o
ld
in
g
,
ac
c
u
r
ate
n
eu
tr
al
-
p
o
s
itio
n
ca
lib
r
atio
n
an
d
ca
r
ef
u
l
m
ec
h
an
ical
alig
n
m
e
n
t
wer
e
em
p
h
asized
,
an
d
a
lig
h
tweig
h
t
co
m
p
lian
t
o
b
ject
(
a
s
p
o
n
g
e
b
all)
was
s
elec
ted
as th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
tar
g
et
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
s
tall r
is
k
an
d
p
r
e
v
en
t
o
v
er
lo
ad
.
T
h
ir
d
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
w
er
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
to
en
h
an
ce
s
af
ety
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
r
ict
p
o
wer
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
r
o
u
ti
n
e
was
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
o
t
h
at
s
er
v
o
s
d
o
n
o
t
m
o
v
e
s
im
u
ltan
e
o
u
s
ly
;
in
s
tead
,
th
ey
o
p
er
ate
s
eq
u
e
n
tially
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
p
ea
k
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
em
an
d
o
v
er
tim
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
co
m
b
in
ed
s
tates
in
ev
itab
ly
o
cc
u
r
(
e.
g
.
,
o
n
e
s
er
v
o
m
o
v
es
wh
ile
an
o
t
h
er
m
ain
tain
s
h
o
ld
i
n
g
to
r
q
u
e)
,
s
eq
u
en
tial
ac
tu
atio
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
cu
r
r
en
t
s
p
ik
es.
At
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
lev
el,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
p
o
n
g
e
b
all
r
ath
e
r
th
an
r
ig
id
o
b
jects
f
u
r
th
er
m
itig
ates
s
tall
cu
r
r
en
t
at
th
e
g
r
ip
p
er
.
Fin
ally
,
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
p
t
im
izatio
n
—
esp
ec
ially
s
er
v
o
z
er
o
in
g
an
d
lin
k
a
g
e
-
an
g
le
tu
n
in
g
—
was u
s
ed
to
m
i
n
im
ize
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
m
ec
h
a
n
ic
al
r
esis
tan
ce
,
th
er
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
b
o
th
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
ep
ea
tab
ilit
y
o
f
class
r
o
o
m
o
p
e
r
atio
n
.
4
.
2
.
Dev
el
o
pm
ent
o
f
ins
t
ruct
io
na
l m
a
t
er
i
a
ls
I
n
s
tr
u
c
ti
o
n
al
m
a
te
r
i
als
w
er
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
t
o
e
n
a
b
l
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
a
cti
v
ities
wit
h
m
i
n
im
al
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
y
an
d
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
te
ac
h
e
r
s
’
im
p
l
em
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
f
i
d
el
it
y
.
T
h
e
m
at
er
ials
in
cl
u
d
ed
:
i
)
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ch
ec
k
lis
t
;
ii
)
s
t
e
p
-
by
-
s
te
p
g
u
i
d
an
ce
f
o
r
b
u
il
d
i
n
g
a
n
o
p
e
n
p
o
r
t
f
o
li
o
u
s
i
n
g
Go
o
g
l
e
Si
tes
;
ii
i
)
r
o
b
o
t
-
ar
m
ass
e
m
b
l
y
in
s
t
r
u
ct
io
n
s
;
iv
)
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es f
o
r
c
r
ea
ti
n
g
a
n
AI
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p
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aly
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s
s
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wn
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6
,
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a
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aly
s
is
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2
2
6
m
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ch
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g
th
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es:
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)
p
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ce
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a
p
p
licab
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;
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)
ex
p
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ted
b
en
e
f
its
;
iii
)
co
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ce
r
n
s
an
d
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is
k
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d
iv
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r
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s
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s
e.
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s
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ab
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.
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h
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n
d
s
u
b
th
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es id
en
tifie
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m
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r
e
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lectio
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ep
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ts
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n
=2
2
6
m
ea
n
in
g
u
n
its
)
H
i
g
h
e
r
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o
r
d
e
r
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
S
u
b
t
h
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me
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r
e
q
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e
n
c
y
)
R
e
p
r
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se
n
t
a
t
i
v
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s
t
a
t
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E
x
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mp
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e
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b
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a
s
si
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
&
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
i
n
g
(
1
6
)
“
S
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
n
g
d
e
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
…,
”
“
S
o
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t
i
n
g
b
a
l
l
o
t
p
a
p
e
r
s…
”
R
e
c
y
c
l
i
n
g
&
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
(
5
)
“
R
e
p
l
a
c
i
n
g
w
a
st
e
s
o
r
t
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
a
r
o
b
o
t
a
r
m…”
A
u
t
o
ma
t
i
o
n
i
n
man
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
/
l
o
g
i
s
t
i
c
s
/
ser
v
i
c
e
s
(
6
)
“
A
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
s
o
r
t
i
n
g
p
a
r
t
s
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
t
o
a
n
a
ssem
b
l
y
l
i
n
e
.
”
H
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s/
e
x
t
r
e
m
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s (
5
)
“
S
o
r
t
i
n
g
r
a
d
i
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
/
d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s
w
a
s
t
e
…
e
v
e
n
i
n
sp
a
c
e
o
r
o
n
c
l
i
f
f
s.
”
H
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
&
c
a
r
e
g
i
v
i
n
g
(
4
)
“
I
t
c
o
u
l
d
b
e
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
p
r
e
c
i
se
s
u
r
g
i
c
a
l
t
o
o
l
.
”
Ex
p
e
c
t
e
d
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
l
i
f
e
&
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
(
1
2
)
“
Li
k
e
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
a
ss
i
st
a
n
t
…
a
m
o
r
e
c
o
mf
o
r
t
a
b
l
e
l
i
f
e
.
”
R
i
s
k
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
& s
a
f
e
t
y
(
9
)
“
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
p
e
o
p
l
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
i
n
h
a
r
sh
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s.
”
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
&
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
5
)
“
D
o
i
n
g
r
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
t
a
sk
s
q
u
i
c
k
l
y
…
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
p
o
ssi
b
l
e
.
”
C
o
s
t
&
l
a
b
o
r
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
(
4
)
“
R
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
l
a
b
o
r
c
o
st
s
…
h
e
l
p
i
n
g
t
o
l
o
w
e
r
p
r
i
c
e
s
.
”
C
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
/
r
i
s
k
s
Jo
b
d
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
(
6
)
“
Jo
b
s m
a
y
b
e
t
h
r
e
a
t
e
n
e
d
…
s
o
c
i
a
l
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms c
o
u
l
d
o
c
c
u
r
.
”
M
i
s
u
se
(
w
e
a
p
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
/
su
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
)
(
6
)
“
M
i
su
s
e
d
b
y
c
r
i
m
i
n
a
l
g
r
o
u
p
s…
,
”
“
C
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
a
b
o
u
t
u
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
z
e
d
su
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
.
”
M
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
&
h
a
r
m
(
3
)
“
I
f
i
t
ma
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s,
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
s c
o
u
l
d
st
o
p
…
c
a
u
si
n
g
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
l
o
ss
e
s.
”
C
o
s
t
&
ma
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
b
u
r
d
e
n
(
3
)
“
I
n
st
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
ma
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
c
o
s
t
s…
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
o
u
se
w
i
d
e
l
y
.
”
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
l
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
s (1
)
“
H
a
r
d
t
o
d
i
s
t
i
n
g
u
i
sh
d
e
t
a
i
l
e
d
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s i
n
r
e
c
y
c
l
i
n
g
(
P
P
,
P
S
)
.
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
r
u
l
e
s
Emerg
e
n
c
y
st
o
p
&
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
1
3
)
“
Est
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
n
e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y
-
s
t
o
p
s
y
st
e
m
…,
”
“
N
o
ma
n
u
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
”
I
n
sp
e
c
t
i
o
n
& m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
(
9
)
“
R
e
g
u
l
a
r
i
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
o
n
s a
n
d
r
e
p
a
i
r
s…
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
n
g
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s.
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
z
o
n
e
s
& res
t
r
i
c
t
e
d
a
c
c
e
ss (
7
)
“
S
e
t
safe
t
y
f
e
n
c
e
s
/
se
n
s
o
r
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
i
e
s
…
r
e
st
r
i
c
t
a
c
c
e
ss.”
P
o
l
i
c
y
/
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
/
c
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
6
)
“
O
n
l
y
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
e
d
u
s
e
r
s…
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
-
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
sp
e
c
t
i
o
n
/
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
”
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
&
d
a
t
a
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
(
7
)
“
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
v
i
r
u
ses
…,
”
“
U
p
d
a
t
e
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
.
”
First,
u
n
d
er
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
a
p
p
lica
b
ilit
y
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
t
ly
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
r
o
b
o
t
ar
m
in
ter
m
s
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
,
s
o
r
tin
g
,
an
d
o
r
g
an
izin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
ey
ex
t
en
d
ed
th
ese
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
n
tex
ts
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
r
ec
y
clin
g
,
f
ac
to
r
y
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
,
lo
g
is
tics
,
r
estau
r
an
t
wo
r
k
,
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
an
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
t
s
u
b
th
em
e
was
class
if
icatio
n
an
d
o
r
g
an
izin
g
(
n
=
1
6
)
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
a
u
to
m
atio
n
in
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
/lo
g
is
tics
/s
er
v
ices (
n
=6
)
,
r
ec
y
clin
g
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t (
n
=
5
)
,
h
az
a
r
d
o
u
s
o
r
ex
t
r
em
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
(
n
=5
)
,
a
n
d
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
an
d
ca
r
eg
iv
in
g
(
n
=4
)
.
T
h
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
ab
le
to
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
r
o
b
o
t a
r
m
’
s
co
r
e
l
o
g
ic
to
b
r
o
a
d
er
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ai
n
s
.
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