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ter
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n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
ac
ti
v
ity
.
T
h
ese
i
n
clu
d
e
leg
is
lativ
e
an
d
r
e
g
u
lato
r
y
r
ef
o
r
m
s
t
o
s
im
p
lify
b
u
s
in
ess
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
tax
in
ce
n
tiv
es
aim
ed
at
b
o
th
d
o
m
esti
c
an
d
f
o
r
eig
n
in
v
esto
r
s
,
an
d
in
v
estme
n
t
in
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ates
s
m
o
o
th
b
u
s
in
ess
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
d
ig
ital
p
la
tf
o
r
m
s
,
co
w
o
r
k
in
g
s
p
ac
es,
an
d
lo
g
is
tics
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
Su
c
h
m
ea
s
u
r
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
cr
ea
te
a
co
n
d
u
ci
v
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
s
tar
tu
p
s
to
f
lo
u
r
is
h
b
u
t a
ls
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
attr
ac
t in
ter
n
atio
n
al
in
v
estme
n
t a
n
d
tal
en
t.
Alo
n
g
s
id
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
th
er
e
h
as
b
e
en
a
n
o
tab
le
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
in
ter
est
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
ca
r
ee
r
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tar
tu
p
v
en
tu
r
es.
Stu
d
en
ts
ar
e
m
o
tiv
ated
b
y
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
au
to
n
o
m
y
,
an
d
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
t
o
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
s
o
cial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
s
tar
t
u
p
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ely
s
o
lely
o
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al
am
b
itio
n
o
r
ex
ter
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t;
it
is
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
a
co
m
p
le
x
in
ter
p
lay
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
ac
ce
s
s
to
f
in
an
cial
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
.
T
h
is
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
d
y
n
am
ic
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ates’
in
ten
tio
n
s
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
is
v
ital
f
o
r
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
ta
r
g
eted
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
p
o
licy
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
s
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
th
at
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
n
u
r
tu
r
e
th
e
n
ex
t
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
T
h
ai
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
b
o
th
th
eir
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
b
r
o
ad
e
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
ac
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
ex
am
i
n
ed
v
ar
io
u
s
d
eter
m
i
n
an
ts
o
f
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
ten
t
io
n
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
er
e
r
e
m
ain
s
a
n
o
tab
le
g
ap
in
r
esear
ch
th
at
h
o
lis
tically
ad
d
r
ess
es
b
o
th
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
in
te
n
tio
n
s
to
en
g
a
g
e
in
s
tar
tu
p
v
e
n
tu
r
es
in
T
h
ailan
d
.
Mu
ch
o
f
th
e
p
r
io
r
liter
atu
r
e
h
as
em
p
h
asized
s
p
ec
if
ic
asp
ec
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
er
s
o
n
al
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
o
r
f
am
ily
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
with
o
u
t
ad
eq
u
ately
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
in
ter
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
m
u
ltip
le
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
at
co
llectiv
ely
s
h
ap
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
r
ea
d
in
ess
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
lim
ited
e
m
p
ir
ical
wo
r
k
h
as
co
n
s
id
er
ed
h
o
w
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
o
p
er
ate
to
g
eth
er
to
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ca
p
ac
ity
to
in
itiate
s
c
alab
le,
h
ig
h
-
g
r
o
wth
b
u
s
in
ess
es.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
T
am
p
r
atee
p
et
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
an
d
So
r
ak
r
aik
itik
u
l
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
tu
d
ies
tailo
r
ed
to
th
e
T
h
ai
c
o
n
tex
t,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
i
n
g
c
o
n
tex
tu
al
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
o
n
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
.
L
ik
ewise,
Ma
h
esh
war
i
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
em
p
h
asizes
t
h
e
m
u
lt
if
ac
e
t
ed
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
al
i
n
ten
ti
o
n
s
,
n
o
ti
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
les
o
f
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
,
f
am
i
l
y
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
i
n
co
m
e
ex
p
e
cta
ti
o
n
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
ti
o
n
,
Ma
k
ai
a
n
d
Dő
r
y
[
1
9
]
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
i
n
s
ti
tu
ti
o
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
ty
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
en
t
r
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
i
al
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
,
p
o
i
n
ti
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
ce
o
f
o
r
g
an
i
za
ti
o
n
al
an
d
c
o
n
te
x
t
u
al
e
n
a
b
le
r
s
.
C
o
lle
cti
v
el
y
,
th
es
e
s
tu
d
i
es
ill
u
s
t
r
at
e
th
e
n
ec
e
s
s
ity
o
f
a
d
o
p
ti
n
g
a
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
n
al
y
ti
ca
l
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
th
at
ca
p
t
u
r
es
b
o
t
h
in
t
er
n
al
a
n
d
e
x
t
er
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
r
e
is
s
til
l
l
im
ite
d
r
es
ea
r
c
h
t
h
at
i
d
e
n
t
if
ies
t
h
e
in
t
er
ac
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
T
h
ai
p
r
iv
at
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
c
o
n
te
x
t
as
n
o
te
d
t
h
a
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
i
n
p
r
i
v
at
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
t
o
f
i
n
an
cia
l
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
ir
s
o
ci
al
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
ar
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
l
y
d
is
t
in
ct
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
l
ic
s
c
h
o
o
ls
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
a
tte
m
p
ts
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
e
r
ese
ar
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
:
w
h
a
t
a
r
e
t
h
e
i
n
t
er
n
al
a
n
d
e
x
te
r
n
a
l
f
a
ct
o
r
s
ass
o
ci
ate
d
wit
h
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
al
i
n
te
n
t
io
n
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
?
T
h
is
q
u
es
tio
n
is
t
o
o
f
f
e
r
a
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
r
o
m
wh
ic
h
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tic
al
p
er
s
p
e
cti
v
e
o
n
h
o
w
en
t
r
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
h
i
p
is
em
b
e
d
d
e
d
in
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
ties
a
n
d
n
at
io
n
al
p
o
li
c
y
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
s
c
a
n
b
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
lies
in
its
h
o
lis
tic
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
s
tar
tu
p
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
in
t
en
tio
n
with
in
a
s
in
g
le
an
aly
tical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
a
p
p
lied
s
p
e
cif
ically
to
p
r
iv
at
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ates
in
T
h
ailan
d
,
a
co
n
tex
t
th
at
r
em
ain
s
u
n
d
er
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
in
t
h
e
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
h
ip
liter
atu
r
e.
W
h
ile
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
la
r
g
ely
e
x
am
in
ed
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
in
is
o
latio
n
o
r
with
i
n
p
u
b
lic
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
ettin
g
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
in
v
esti
g
ates
eig
h
t
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
:
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
s
k
ills
,
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
p
r
io
r
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
o
liti
ca
l
-
leg
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
—
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
s
an
em
p
ir
ically
v
alid
ated
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
m
o
d
el
tailo
r
ed
to
th
e
T
h
ai
p
r
iv
ate
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
t
ex
t.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
f
iv
e
-
f
ac
to
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
th
at
s
er
v
es
as
a
p
r
ac
tical
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
to
o
l
f
o
r
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
d
esig
n
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
o
li
cy
,
an
d
n
atio
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en
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h
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dete
r
min
a
n
ts
o
f e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ia
l in
ten
tio
n
s
o
f p
r
iva
te
u
n
ivers
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Th
a
ila
n
d
(
N
ith
ima
Yu
en
yo
n
g
)
3113
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
ter
est
in
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
am
o
n
g
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
as
p
r
o
m
p
ted
ex
ten
s
iv
e
s
ch
o
lar
ly
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
s
h
ap
in
g
th
eir
in
ten
tio
n
s
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
s
tar
tu
p
v
en
tu
r
es.
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
,
wid
ely
r
e
g
ar
d
e
d
as
a
p
r
ec
u
r
s
o
r
to
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ia
l
b
eh
av
io
r
,
is
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
a
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
p
la
y
o
f
in
ter
n
al
an
d
e
x
ter
n
al
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
th
at
af
f
ec
t
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als’
d
ec
is
io
n
s
to
i
n
itiate
n
ew
b
u
s
in
ess
c
r
ea
tio
n
.
Fo
r
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ates,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
ese
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t,
a
s
th
is
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
te
n
en
co
u
n
ter
s
u
n
iq
u
e
co
m
b
in
ati
o
n
s
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
an
d
c
h
allen
g
es
with
in
th
e
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ettin
g
[
2
0
]
–
[
2
3
]
.
R
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
s
k
ills
,
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
p
r
io
r
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
ar
e
ce
n
tr
al
to
b
u
ild
i
n
g
co
n
f
id
en
c
e
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
ac
tiv
ity
.
C
o
n
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
,
b
r
o
a
d
er
co
n
tex
tu
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
o
liti
ca
l
an
d
leg
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
n
o
r
m
s
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
s
h
ap
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
an
d
r
is
k
s
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
h
av
e
em
er
g
ed
a
s
cr
itical
ex
ter
n
al
d
r
iv
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r
s
,
co
m
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ellin
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tu
d
e
n
ts
to
ad
ap
t
an
d
in
n
o
v
ate
in
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
d
y
n
am
ic
m
a
r
k
ets.
A
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
r
e
v
iew
o
f
th
ese
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
n
atu
r
e
o
f
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
wit
h
in
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
wh
er
e
f
o
s
ter
in
g
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
ca
p
ac
ity
i
s
v
iewe
d
as
a
ca
taly
s
t
f
o
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
g
lo
b
al
co
m
p
et
itiv
en
ess
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
4
]
–
[
3
0
]
.
2
.
1
.
Co
ncept
o
f
s
t
a
rt
up
bu
s
ines
s
e
s
Star
tu
p
b
u
s
in
ess
es
r
ef
er
to
n
ewly
estab
lis
h
ed
v
en
tu
r
es
th
at
o
f
ten
em
er
g
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
itiativ
e
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
o
r
a
s
m
all
f
o
u
n
d
in
g
team
,
ty
p
icall
y
o
p
er
atin
g
with
lim
ited
f
in
an
cial
an
d
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
A
d
ef
i
n
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
s
tar
tu
p
s
is
th
eir
em
p
h
asis
o
n
s
ellin
g
id
ea
s
an
d
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
,
o
r
d
eliv
e
r
in
g
a
n
o
v
el
v
alu
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
d
is
r
u
p
ti
v
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
with
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
r
ap
id
an
d
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
g
r
o
w
th
.
T
h
ese
b
u
s
in
ess
es
co
m
m
o
n
ly
b
eg
in
o
n
a
s
m
all
s
ca
le,
s
u
ch
as
s
o
le
p
r
o
p
r
iet
o
r
s
h
ip
s
,
b
ef
o
r
e
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
q
u
ic
k
ly
b
y
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
tar
g
et
cu
s
to
m
er
s
with
ag
ilit
y
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
.
Un
lik
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
en
ter
p
r
is
es
th
at
r
ely
h
ea
v
ily
o
n
b
an
k
lo
a
n
s
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
cr
ed
it,
s
tar
tu
p
s
ty
p
ically
s
ec
u
r
e
ca
p
ital
th
r
o
u
g
h
alter
n
ativ
e
f
i
n
an
cin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
s
u
ch
as
an
g
el
in
v
esto
r
s
,
v
en
tu
r
e
ca
p
ital
,
o
r
cr
o
wd
f
u
n
d
in
g
.
Su
ch
in
v
estme
n
t
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
t
s
o
f
ten
r
eq
u
ir
e
f
o
u
n
d
er
s
to
s
h
a
r
e
eq
u
ity
with
in
v
esto
r
s
,
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
n
e
g
o
tiated
ter
m
s
[
6
]
,
[
3
1
]
–
[
3
3
]
.
Sch
o
la
r
s
f
u
r
th
er
em
p
h
asize
th
e
in
n
o
v
a
tiv
e
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
s
tar
tu
p
s
.
T
h
ese
v
en
tu
r
es
ar
e
ty
p
icall
y
s
m
all
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als,
o
f
ten
y
o
u
n
g
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
,
wh
o
s
ee
k
to
s
o
l
v
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
b
lem
s
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
r
s
er
v
ices
th
at
ar
e
b
o
th
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
r
ep
licab
le,
en
ab
lin
g
r
a
p
id
g
r
o
wth
.
T
h
ey
o
f
ten
em
er
g
e
f
r
o
m
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
wh
o
c
o
m
b
in
e
th
eir
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
d
ev
elo
p
cr
ea
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
with
ex
ter
n
al
in
v
estme
n
t
p
lay
in
g
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
s
u
s
tain
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
d
r
iv
in
g
b
u
s
in
ess
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
[
6
]
,
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
s
tar
tu
p
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
y
n
am
ic
,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
-
d
r
iv
e
n
en
ter
p
r
is
es
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
lim
ite
d
in
itial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
u
t
h
ig
h
g
r
o
wth
asp
ir
atio
n
s
.
T
h
eir
r
eli
an
ce
o
n
alter
n
ativ
e
f
in
an
cin
g
an
d
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
itiativ
es
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
a
g
ilit
y
,
an
d
in
v
estme
n
t.
W
ith
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
s
h
ap
e
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ates’
in
ten
tio
n
s
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
s
tar
tu
p
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
.
2
.
2
.
Co
ncept
o
f
ent
re
preneuria
l int
ent
io
n
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
en
t
r
ep
r
en
e
u
r
was
o
r
ig
in
ally
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
in
v
o
lv
ed
i
n
c
o
m
m
er
cial
ac
tiv
ities
.
Ov
er
tim
e,
it
h
as
ev
o
lv
ed
to
r
ef
er
to
th
o
s
e
wh
o
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
s
eize
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
b
y
in
itiatin
g
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
n
e
w
v
en
tu
r
es
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
E
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
,
in
th
i
s
s
en
s
e,
r
ef
er
s
t
o
a
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
tate
th
at
in
d
icate
s
a
p
er
s
o
n
’
s
in
clin
atio
n
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
ten
d
en
c
y
to
estab
lis
h
th
eir
o
wn
b
u
s
in
ess
,
o
f
te
n
ac
co
m
p
a
n
ied
b
y
p
lan
s
to
d
o
s
o
in
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
I
t
r
e
f
lects
a
d
elib
er
at
e
ch
o
ice
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
as
a
ca
r
ee
r
p
ath
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
s
u
ch
as
r
is
k
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t,
s
tr
a
teg
ic
p
lan
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
m
o
b
ilizatio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
lau
n
c
h
a
v
en
tu
r
e
.
Ultim
ately
,
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
i
n
ten
tio
n
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
cr
u
cial
p
r
ec
u
r
s
o
r
to
en
tr
e
p
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
ac
tio
n
,
lin
k
i
n
g
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
with
th
e
co
m
m
itm
en
t
to
s
tar
t
a
b
u
s
in
ess
.
I
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
m
in
d
s
et
a
n
d
p
r
e
p
ar
ato
r
y
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
v
en
tu
r
e
cr
ea
tio
n
[
3
8
]
–
[
4
1
]
.
I
n
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2
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3
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E
m
pirica
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I
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p
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m
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f
th
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C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
en
tr
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r
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eu
r
s
h
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am
o
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tr
ib
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p
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Al
-
Fattal
[
1
1
]
,
t
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q
u
alitativ
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in
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v
iews
with
3
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Un
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2
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h
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i
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th
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s
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tio
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p
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licies,
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y
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th
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m
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d
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co
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id
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Han
af
i
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a
l
.
[
1
3
]
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
e
n
tr
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r
en
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u
r
ial
ac
tiv
ities
am
o
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p
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f
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th
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eu
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u
ca
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wo
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k
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k
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f
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te
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n
co
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ev
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o
r
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n
t e
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tr
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eu
r
s
h
ip
.
R
ag
h
av
en
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r
a
an
d
Sh
iv
ap
r
asa
d
[
2
8
]
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
v
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io
u
s
way
s
in
wh
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I
n
d
ian
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tr
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p
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u
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ca
p
ital
to
em
p
o
wer
th
em
as
en
tr
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eu
r
s
with
th
e
p
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in
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p
lifie
d
th
r
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s
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-
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f
icac
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p
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ca
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th
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u
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th
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im
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tan
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u
p
p
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t
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awa
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f
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tain
ab
ilit
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to
p
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s
tu
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ap
p
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iate
en
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k
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m
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attitu
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e.
T
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in
f
lu
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n
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
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d
c
u
ltu
r
al
ca
p
ital
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ed
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an
ex
am
p
le
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n
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r
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d
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r
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r
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g
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.
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h
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f
o
r
m
s
a
p
r
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g
r
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m
m
atic
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r
u
n
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s
ities
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d
ev
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o
p
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p
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h
elp
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ca
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u
p
s
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d
aid
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th
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m
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latio
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p
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licy
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s
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p
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in
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if
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tex
ts
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d
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ies.
L
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Pen
g
[
4
3
]
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
im
p
ac
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o
f
h
ig
h
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ed
u
ca
tio
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n
a
s
tu
d
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t
’
s
en
tr
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eu
r
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in
ten
tio
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.
Usi
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d
ata
f
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elf
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r
ial
attitu
d
e,
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t su
p
p
o
r
t d
o
h
av
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
is
h
ig
h
er
wh
e
n
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
en
s
e
o
f
d
ep
ar
tm
en
tal
id
en
tific
atio
n
is
h
ig
h
er
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
s
tr
ess
t
h
at
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
e
r
s
an
alter
n
ate
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
im
p
ac
t
an
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
an
d
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
’
s
u
cc
ess
in
r
ap
id
l
y
ch
an
g
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
ce
n
e.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
a
q
u
a
n
t
itativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ates’
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
s
to
war
d
s
tar
tu
p
b
u
s
in
ess
es.
A
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
d
ata,
e
n
ab
lin
g
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
in
te
n
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
allo
wed
f
o
r
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
d
in
f
er
en
tial
an
aly
s
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tep
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
.
3
.
1
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n a
nd
s
a
m
ple
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
r
is
ed
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
r
o
lled
in
p
r
iv
ate
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
Path
u
m
T
h
an
i
Pro
v
in
ce
,
T
h
ailan
d
.
T
h
e
ex
ac
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
was
u
n
k
n
o
wn
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Du
e
to
t
h
e
lack
o
f
p
r
ec
is
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
d
ata,
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
a
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
p
o
p
u
latio
n
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
,
with
a
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
le
v
el
o
f
9
5
%
an
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
o
f
0
.
0
5
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
o
f
5
%.
T
h
e
T
a
r
o
Yam
an
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
was
ap
p
lied
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
am
p
le
s
ize.
A
to
tal
o
f
4
0
0
co
m
p
leted
r
esp
o
n
s
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dete
r
min
a
n
ts
o
f e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ia
l in
ten
tio
n
s
o
f p
r
iva
te
u
n
ivers
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Th
a
ila
n
d
(
N
ith
ima
Yu
en
yo
n
g
)
3115
wer
e
co
llected
an
d
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
v
ia
co
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
s
am
p
l
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
ick
r
esp
o
n
s
e
(
QR
)
c
o
d
es
a
n
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
lin
k
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
to
t
ar
g
et
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
a
t
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
elf
-
s
elec
tio
n
b
ias,
as
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
p
r
io
r
in
ter
est
in
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
m
a
y
b
e
o
v
er
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
,
a
n
d
th
is
h
as
b
ee
n
n
o
ted
as a
lim
itatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
3
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h ins
t
rum
ent
s
A
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
was
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
A
m
u
ltip
le
-
ch
o
ice
ty
p
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
u
s
ed
as
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
th
r
ee
p
ar
ts
.
Par
t
1
s
o
licited
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ics
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
a
ta
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
ch
ec
k
lis
t
m
eth
o
d
.
Par
t
2
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
'
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
ter
est
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le
item
s
.
Par
t
3
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
en
t
r
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
s
to
s
tar
t
u
p
a
b
u
s
in
ess
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le
item
s
.
C
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
ch
ec
k
ed
b
y
f
iv
e
ex
p
er
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
an
d
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
d
ex
o
f
item
o
b
jectiv
e
c
o
n
g
r
u
e
n
ce
(
I
OC
)
.
All
item
s
y
ield
ed
I
OC
v
alu
es
in
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
8
0
-
1
.
0
0
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
p
ilo
te
d
with
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
3
0
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
s
im
ilar
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
in
th
e
m
ain
s
tu
d
y
to
d
et
er
m
in
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
r
esu
lts
,
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
wer
e
m
ad
e
to
clar
if
y
w
o
r
d
in
g
a
m
b
ig
u
ities
an
d
r
e
p
h
r
a
s
e
u
n
clea
r
q
u
esti
o
n
s
s
o
th
at
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
was
f
u
ll
y
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
a
b
le.
T
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
a
ch
’
s
alp
h
a
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
s
ec
tio
n
2
was
0
.
9
1
5
a
n
d
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
s
ec
tio
n
3
was
0
.
8
3
3
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
wer
e
all
ab
o
v
e
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
ac
ce
p
ted
lev
el
o
f
0
.
7
0
.
3
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
r
o
m
Ma
r
ch
to
Ma
y
2
0
2
5
b
y
o
n
lin
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
wh
ich
was
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
u
ld
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
b
y
s
ca
n
n
in
g
a
QR
co
d
e
o
r
v
ia
L
I
NE
an
d
Face
b
o
o
k
lin
k
s
th
at
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
en
t
to
th
em
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
ch
ec
k
e
d
th
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
3
.
4
.
E
t
hica
l c
o
ns
idera
t
io
ns
All
eth
ical
asp
ec
ts
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
n
li
n
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
ey
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t w
as o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
all
p
o
ten
tial p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
,
wh
o
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
th
at
th
ei
r
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
was
en
tire
ly
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
a
n
d
a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
also
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
th
at
all
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
wo
u
l
d
b
e
k
ep
t
co
n
f
id
en
tial
an
d
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
,
an
d
th
at
n
o
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
is
k
o
r
b
en
e
f
it
was
in
v
o
lv
e
d
,
an
d
n
o
p
ay
m
en
t
o
r
b
en
ef
its
wo
u
ld
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
No
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
an
d
th
at
t
h
er
e
was
n
o
r
is
k
o
r
b
en
ef
it
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
Data
wo
u
ld
b
e
an
aly
z
ed
as
g
r
o
u
p
d
ata
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
I
n
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
T
h
ailan
d
s
cie
n
ce
r
esear
ch
an
d
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
(
T
SR
I
)
g
u
id
an
ce
n
o
.
3
(
3
)
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
h
u
m
an
b
eh
av
io
r
s
an
d
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
u
s
in
g
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
d
id
n
o
t
r
e
q
u
ir
e
a
p
p
r
o
v
al
f
r
o
m
a
n
eth
ics
co
m
m
ittee
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
was
ex
em
p
t f
r
o
m
f
o
r
m
al
eth
ics co
m
m
ittee
ap
p
r
o
v
al.
3
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Statis
t
ical
s
o
f
twar
e
was
u
s
e
d
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
d
ata.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
,
s
u
ch
as
f
r
eq
u
en
cies,
p
er
ce
n
tag
e,
m
ea
n
s
an
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
d
e
s
cr
ib
e
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
,
an
d
en
t
r
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
o
n
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
was
f
u
r
th
er
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
s
tep
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
o
f
f
er
s
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
th
e
ex
ten
t
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
ex
ter
n
al
an
d
in
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
co
n
t
r
ib
u
ted
to
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
b
y
id
e
n
tify
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
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r
s
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
e
x
ter
n
al
a
n
d
i
n
ter
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
All
t
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
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s
o
f
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
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m
o
d
el
wer
e
test
ed
a
n
d
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atis
f
ied
,
in
clu
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in
g
th
e
n
o
r
m
ality
o
f
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esid
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d
th
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b
s
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m
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ltico
llin
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ity
am
o
n
g
in
d
e
p
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n
t v
ar
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ab
les.
4.
RE
SU
L
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S AN
D
D
I
SCU
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4
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
A
to
tal
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f
4
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n
ts
p
ar
ticip
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h
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h
ap
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g
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
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er
s
ity
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ates’
in
ten
tio
n
s
to
b
ec
o
m
e
s
tar
tu
p
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
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e
f
em
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(
2
5
3
r
esp
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ts
,
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wh
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ales
ac
c
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r
1
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7
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d
en
ts
(
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6
.
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%).
Mo
s
t
p
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ts
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ag
ed
2
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s
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f
o
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d
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s
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in
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m
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tly
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d
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lt
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tu
d
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s
am
p
le
with
a
h
ig
h
er
r
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r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
f
em
ales.
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
tar
tu
p
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n
ten
tio
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s
ar
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p
r
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ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
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ts
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
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n
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ter
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v
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s
ities
ac
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s
s
all
d
im
en
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n
s
.
Ov
er
all,
r
esp
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n
ts
’
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
s
wer
e
h
ig
h
(
m
ea
n
=4
.
3
2
,
S.D.
=0
.
5
6
)
.
W
h
en
ex
am
i
n
ed
b
y
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
a
ll
f
ac
to
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wer
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r
ated
at
a
h
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h
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est
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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t
J
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15
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4
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Au
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u
s
t
20
26
:
311
1
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3116
r
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m
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s
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d
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’
i
n
ter
est
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s
tar
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s
h
ip
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a
b
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2
p
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tu
d
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ts
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lev
el
o
f
in
ter
est
in
b
ec
o
m
in
g
s
tar
tu
p
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Facto
r
s
in
f
l
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en
cin
g
p
r
iv
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n
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r
s
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s
tu
d
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tar
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M
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s
4
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8
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7
8
En
v
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s
4
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0
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h
5
To
t
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l
4
.
3
2
0
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5
6
H
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g
h
T
ab
le
2
.
Priv
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u
n
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s
ity
s
tu
d
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ts
’
lev
el
o
f
i
n
ter
est in
b
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o
m
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g
s
tar
tu
p
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eu
r
s
N
o
.
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t
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n
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t
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t
u
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t
s’
l
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t
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b
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g
s
t
a
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t
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p
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n
t
r
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p
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r
s
Le
v
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t
M
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R
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4
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4
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Li
f
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3
R
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6
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5
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l
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t
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l
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6
H
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g
h
T
ab
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2
p
r
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ts
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
i
n
ter
est
in
b
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o
m
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g
s
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tu
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tr
e
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en
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r
s
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p
r
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m
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r
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4
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(
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0
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)
.
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am
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e
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at
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e
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all
item
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wer
e
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ated
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
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o
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g
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itiv
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ip
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ig
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ly
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=0
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7
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)
,
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n
g
th
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s
tu
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v
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e
in
d
e
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,
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d
s
elf
-
d
ir
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tio
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n
th
eir
ca
r
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r
p
ath
s
.
T
h
e
item
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life
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m
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4
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4
6
(
S.D.
=0
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7
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)
,
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em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
en
tr
ep
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n
eu
r
s
h
ip
is
a
ce
n
tr
al
asp
ir
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n
f
o
r
m
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n
y
r
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n
d
en
ts
.
Ad
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itio
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ally
,
s
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n
ts
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co
m
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eter
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o
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ep
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r
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ig
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,
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n
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ial
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ig
h
,
was
th
e
in
ten
tio
n
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
s
tar
tu
p
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
with
in
th
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
af
ter
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
(
m
ea
n
=
4
.
3
6
,
S.D.
=0
.
9
7
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
w
h
ile
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
in
ter
e
s
ted
,
th
er
e
m
a
y
b
e
s
o
m
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
th
e
tim
in
g
o
f
th
eir
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
ex
h
ib
it
a
s
tr
o
n
g
in
ter
est
in
s
tar
tu
p
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
h
ip
,
u
n
d
e
r
p
in
n
ed
b
y
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
g
o
al
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
an
d
a
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
a
ttit
u
d
e
to
war
d
v
en
tu
r
e
cr
ea
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tep
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
al
y
s
is
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
r
ed
i
cto
r
s
o
f
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
ti
o
n
.
T
ab
le
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
s
tep
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
id
en
tify
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
in
ter
est
in
b
ec
o
m
in
g
s
tar
tu
p
en
t
r
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
in
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
i
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
X
2
)
is
a
s
tatis
tical
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
ict
o
r
at
th
e
0
.
0
1
le
v
el,
with
a
m
u
ltip
le
co
r
r
elatio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
(
R
)
o
f
0
.
7
1
6
an
d
an
ad
j
u
s
ted
co
ef
f
ici
en
t
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
(
ad
ju
s
ted
R
²)
o
f
0
.
5
1
1
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
f
u
n
d
in
g
al
o
n
e
ca
n
ex
p
lain
5
1
.
1
%
o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
in
ter
est
in
s
tar
tu
p
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
wh
en
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
s
k
ills
(
X
1
)
wer
e
ad
d
ed
as
a
p
r
ed
icto
r
,
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
0
.
7
5
8
,
an
d
th
e
ad
ju
s
ted
R
²
r
o
s
e
to
0
.
5
7
3
,
s
u
g
g
es
tin
g
th
at
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
X
2
)
a
n
d
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
s
k
ills
(
X
1
)
to
g
eth
er
a
cc
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
5
7
.
3
%
o
f
t
h
e
v
a
r
ian
ce
in
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ter
est.
Ad
d
i
n
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
(
X
5
)
f
u
r
th
er
in
cr
ea
s
ed
R
to
0
.
7
7
0
an
d
ad
ju
s
ted
R
²
to
0
.
5
9
0
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
th
ese
th
r
ee
p
r
ed
i
cto
r
s
co
llectiv
ely
ex
p
lain
5
9
.
0
% o
f
th
e
v
ar
ia
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Dete
r
min
a
n
ts
o
f e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ia
l in
ten
tio
n
s
o
f p
r
iva
te
u
n
ivers
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Th
a
ila
n
d
(
N
ith
ima
Yu
en
yo
n
g
)
3117
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
ce
(
X
3
)
r
aised
th
e
m
u
l
tip
le
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t to
0
.
7
7
7
a
n
d
ad
ju
s
ted
R
²
to
0
.
5
9
9
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
f
in
a
n
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
X
2
)
,
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
s
k
ills
(
X
1
)
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
(X
5
)
,
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
(
X
3
)
t
o
g
eth
er
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
5
9
.
9
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
in
ter
est.
Fin
al
ly
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
X
7
)
in
cr
ea
s
ed
R
to
0
.
7
8
0
an
d
a
d
ju
s
ted
R
²
to
0
.
6
0
3
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
X
2
)
,
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
s
k
ills
(
X
1
)
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
(
X
5
)
,
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
(
X
3
)
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(X
7
)
co
llectiv
ely
p
r
ed
icts
6
0
.
3
%
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
in
ter
est
in
s
tar
tu
p
en
t
r
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
h
ip
.
No
tab
ly
,
p
o
liti
ca
l
an
d
leg
al
f
ac
to
r
s
(
X
4
)
,
s
o
cial
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
(
X
6
)
,
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
(
X
8
)
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
er
e
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
ev
id
en
ce
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
eir
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
as
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
in
ter
es
t
in
b
ec
o
m
in
g
s
tar
tu
p
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
s
at
t
h
e
0
.
0
1
lev
el.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
f
in
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
en
t
r
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
s
k
ills
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
awa
r
en
ess
,
p
r
ac
tical
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
eten
cy
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
s
d
r
iv
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
in
ten
tio
n
s
to
en
g
ag
e
in
s
tar
tu
p
v
en
tu
r
es.
T
ab
le
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
r
ed
icto
r
in
th
e
f
in
al
m
o
d
el.
T
ab
le
3
.
Facto
r
s
in
f
l
u
en
cin
g
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
tar
tu
p
in
ten
tio
n
s
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
R
R
2
A
d
j
u
st
e
d
R
2
S
t
d
.
e
r
r
o
r
F
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
s
a
(X
2
),
0
.
7
1
6
a
0
.
5
1
3
0
.
5
1
1
0
.
4
3
9
4
1
7
.
3
6
0
**
0
.
0
0
0
a
b
(X
2
)
,
(
X
1
)
,
0
.
7
5
8
b
0
.
5
7
5
0
.
5
7
3
0
.
4
1
0
2
6
7
.
9
9
9
**
0
.
0
0
0
b
c
(X
2
)
,
(
X
1
)
,
(
X
5
)
0
.
7
7
0
c
0
.
5
9
3
0
.
5
9
0
0
.
4
0
2
1
9
1
.
6
4
3
**
0
.
0
0
0
c
d
(X
2
)
,
(
X
1
)
,
(
X
5
)
,
(
X
3
)
0
.
7
7
7
d
0
.
6
0
3
0
.
5
9
9
0
.
3
9
7
1
4
9
.
9
0
1
**
0
.
0
0
0
d
e
(X
2
)
,
(
X
1
)
,
(
X
5
)
,
(
X
3
)
,
(
X
7
)
0
.
7
8
0
e
0
.
6
0
8
0
.
6
0
3
0
.
3
9
5
1
2
1
.
8
3
3
**
0
.
0
0
0
e
**
p
<
0
.
0
1
a
.
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s:
(
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
)
,
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s (X
2
)
b
.
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s:
(
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
)
,
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s (X
2
)
,
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s (X
1
)
c
.
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s:
(
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
)
,
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s (X
2
)
,
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s (X
1
)
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
(
X
5
)
d
.
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s:
(
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
)
,
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s (X
2
)
,
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s (X
1
)
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
(
X
5
)
,
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
(
X
3
)
e
.
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
s
:
(
c
o
n
st
a
n
t
)
,
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
(
X
2
)
,
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
a
l
s
k
i
l
l
s
(
X
1
)
,
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
(
X
5
)
,
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
(
X
3
)
,
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s (X
7
)
T
ab
le
4
.
Sig
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
s
tar
tu
p
in
ten
tio
n
s
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
B
S
t
d
.
e
r
r
o
r
β
t
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
s
F
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
(
X
2
)
0
.
3
4
0
0
.
0
4
3
0
.
4
0
5
7
.
8
4
9
**
0
.
0
0
0
En
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
i
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s (X
1
)
0
.
3
3
3
0
.
0
5
6
0
.
3
3
5
5
.
9
6
0
**
0
.
0
0
0
Ec
o
n
o
mi
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
s (X
5
)
0
.
2
4
0
0
.
0
6
2
0
.
1
8
8
3
.
8
4
4
**
0
.
0
0
0
Ex
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
(
X
3
)
0
.
2
2
3
0
.
0
5
9
0
.
1
9
5
3
.
8
0
9
**
0
.
0
0
0
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s (X
7
)
0
.
1
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co
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co
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s
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4
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2
.
Dis
cus
s
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T
h
e
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ai
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o
b
je
cti
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e
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f
t
h
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y
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t
o
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a
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e
t
h
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f
a
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s
in
f
l
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p
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i
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i
v
e
r
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it
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s
tu
d
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’
in
t
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est
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s
t
ar
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v
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h
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d
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s
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a
n
d
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is
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al
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s
wit
h
t
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p
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r
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p
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t
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es
t
h
at
e
n
t
r
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p
r
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n
e
u
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ial
i
n
te
n
t
io
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in
v
o
l
v
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d
es
ir
e,
f
o
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g
h
t
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n
d
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l
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n
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g
p
r
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o
r
t
o
b
u
s
in
ess
i
n
i
tia
ti
o
n
[
4
5
]
,
[
4
6
]
.
I
n
c
o
n
s
is
t
en
cy
wit
h
p
r
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r
s
t
u
d
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cia
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a
n
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ay
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s
o
ci
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n
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wle
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l
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a
p
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en
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r
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al
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n
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t
[
4
7
]
–
[
5
0
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
s
tu
d
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’
o
v
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r
all
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ter
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in
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m
in
g
s
tar
tu
p
e
n
tr
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r
s
,
r
esp
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t
s
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en
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ten
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m
o
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ated
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y
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e
d
esire
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estab
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th
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o
wn
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u
s
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ess
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p
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ce
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en
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r
s
h
ip
as
p
r
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e
r
ab
l
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to
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y
m
e
n
t,
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
life
g
o
als.
E
n
t
r
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
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ec
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itio
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f
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le
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ities
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m
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f
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e
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r
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ag
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y
,
r
is
k
to
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ce
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a
n
d
t
h
e
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s
f
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s
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o
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s
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m
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to
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s
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ely
,
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
an
d
p
u
r
p
o
s
ef
u
l
in
ten
ti
o
n
to
en
g
ag
e
i
n
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
ac
tiv
ity
[
5
1
]
–
[
5
5
]
.
Step
wis
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
f
i
n
a
n
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
e
n
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
s
k
ills
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
r
io
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
p
r
ed
ic
ted
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
in
d
icate
d
th
at
f
i
n
an
cial
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
s
k
ills
wer
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
en
tial
p
r
e
d
icto
r
s
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
a
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
id
e
n
tifie
s
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
,
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
,
g
o
al
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
attitu
d
es,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
as
cr
itical
d
eter
m
i
n
an
ts
o
f
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
[
4
3
]
,
[
5
6
]
–
[
5
8
]
.
Stu
d
ies
o
n
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
s
tar
tu
p
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
f
in
an
cial
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
awa
r
en
ess
ar
e
k
ey
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
b
u
s
in
ess
in
itiatio
n
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
5
9
]
–
[
6
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
o
f
p
r
io
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
alig
n
s
with
T
ian
e
t
a
l
.
[
6
2
]
wh
o
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
r
io
r
b
u
s
in
ess
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
ir
ec
tly
a
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
ely
p
r
ed
icts
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
i
n
ten
tio
n
,
an
d
with
B
ig
n
o
tti
an
d
R
o
u
x
[
6
3
]
,
wh
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
h
a
v
in
g
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
attem
p
ted
to
s
tar
t
a
b
u
s
in
ess
an
d
wo
r
k
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
b
o
th
f
o
s
ter
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
y
o
u
t
h
.
Similar
ly
,
t
h
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates
B
iclesan
u
et
a
l
.
[
6
4
]
wh
o
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
n
ess
is
p
o
s
itiv
ely
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
ial
co
n
f
id
en
ce
am
o
n
g
b
u
s
in
ess
s
t
u
d
en
ts
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
ar
e
m
o
r
e
f
am
iliar
with
d
ig
ital te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
m
o
r
e
i
n
clin
ed
to
war
d
en
tr
e
p
r
en
eu
r
ial
ca
r
ee
r
s
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
te
th
at
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
ad
u
ates'
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
i
n
ten
tio
n
s
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
,
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
p
r
i
o
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
p
eten
cies.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ca
r
r
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
im
p
licati
o
n
s
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
o
licy
,
an
d
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
ce
o
f
f
in
an
cial
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
s
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
p
r
ed
icto
r
(
β=0
.
4
0
5
)
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
.
Un
lik
e
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
d
u
cted
in
R
o
m
an
ia
wh
er
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
s
u
ch
as
lo
cu
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
t
wer
e
id
en
tifi
ed
as
k
ey
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
[
6
5
]
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
in
C
h
in
a
wh
er
e
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
attitu
d
e
an
d
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
lay
e
d
d
o
m
in
an
t
r
o
les
[
6
6
]
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
T
h
ai
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
p
r
im
ar
ily
d
r
iv
e
n
b
y
tan
g
ib
le,
ac
tio
n
ab
le
f
a
cto
r
s
,
n
am
ely
ac
ce
s
s
to
f
u
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
a
l
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
r
ath
er
th
a
n
b
r
o
ad
er
attitu
d
in
al
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
ev
en
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
r
elativ
ely
s
tab
le
f
in
an
cial
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
t
h
e
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ex
ter
n
al
s
tar
t
u
p
ca
p
ital
r
em
ain
s
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
g
atew
ay
to
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
co
m
m
itm
en
t
in
th
e
T
h
ai
co
n
te
x
t.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
R
u
s
u
et
a
l
.
[
6
7
]
wh
o
s
im
ilar
ly
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
a
cc
ess
to
f
in
an
ce
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
eter
m
in
an
t
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
in
ten
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
y
o
u
th
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
ex
clu
s
io
n
o
f
p
o
liti
ca
l
-
leg
al,
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
in
al
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
is
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
.
Desp
ite
r
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r
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lativ
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h
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ea
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s
co
r
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o
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ig
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ican
t
p
r
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r
s
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g
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esti
n
g
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p
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w
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f
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tr
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s
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'
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ta
r
t
u
p
r
e
ad
i
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ess
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L
i
et
a
l
.
[
6
8
]
s
i
m
il
ar
ly
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
ati
o
n
o
f
e
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
s
h
ip
co
u
r
s
es
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th
s
tu
d
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'
p
r
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f
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i
o
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al
k
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wle
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g
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i
f
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n
tl
y
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r
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ases
e
n
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r
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th
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g
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im
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tem
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h
ese
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id
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o
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en
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r
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ip
d
ev
elo
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m
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tr
ateg
ies in
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ig
h
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u
ca
tio
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tr
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u
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is
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d
y
h
as
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al
lim
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s
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h
e
s
am
p
le
was
r
estricte
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p
r
iv
ate
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n
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ities
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Path
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m
T
h
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i
Pro
v
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ce
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e
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aliza
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ilit
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o
th
er
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s
titu
tio
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d
r
eg
io
n
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tex
ts
.
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h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
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tio
n
al
d
esig
n
ca
p
tu
r
es
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n
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s
in
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le
p
o
in
t
in
tim
e
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ca
n
n
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t
estab
lis
h
ca
u
s
ality
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r
tr
ac
k
b
eh
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tco
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es.
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n
ad
d
itio
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th
e
u
s
e
o
f
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lin
e
co
n
v
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s
am
p
lin
g
m
a
y
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tr
o
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elf
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s
elec
tio
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b
ias,
an
d
s
elf
-
r
ep
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ted
m
ea
s
u
r
es
m
ay
b
e
s
u
b
ject
to
s
o
cial
d
e
s
ir
ab
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y
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
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ar
ch
s
h
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l
d
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p
t
lo
n
g
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al
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s
am
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le
to
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cr
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n
c
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p
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r
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ar
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eu
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th
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F
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Au
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s
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tate
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AUTHO
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ac
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