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[
1
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C
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[
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in
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u
l
d
b
e
em
b
e
d
d
ed
with
in
d
e
g
r
ee
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
-
o
r
ien
ted
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
r
o
jects
[
6
]
.
Pra
ctica
l
ca
s
es
f
r
o
m
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
I
o
T
i
n
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
cu
r
r
icu
la
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
r
em
ain
s
ca
r
ce
f
o
r
teac
h
er
tr
a
in
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
in
-
s
er
v
ice
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
is
tr
ajec
to
r
y
with
in
co
m
p
u
te
r
s
cien
ce
an
d
s
cien
ce
,
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
an
d
m
at
h
em
atics
(
STE
M
)
ed
u
ca
tio
n
en
co
u
n
ter
s
s
ev
er
al
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
b
ar
r
ier
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
ef
icits
in
teac
h
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ex
p
er
tis
e,
in
ad
eq
u
ate
cu
r
r
icu
lar
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
an
d
lim
ited
m
ater
ial
a
n
d
tec
h
n
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
A
p
r
im
ar
y
ch
allen
g
e
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
u
p
g
r
a
d
in
g
b
o
th
in
-
s
er
v
ice
te
ac
h
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
tr
ai
n
in
g
o
f
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
with
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
ettin
g
s
to
alig
n
wit
h
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
em
an
d
s
.
E
m
p
i
r
ic
al
s
tu
d
i
es
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
s
ch
o
o
l
tea
c
h
e
r
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
t
h
a
t
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
u
lti
f
a
ce
t
ed
c
h
a
lle
n
g
es
o
f
tea
ch
in
g
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
s
cie
n
ce
,
e
n
h
a
n
c
in
g
p
ed
a
g
o
g
i
ca
l
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
a
n
d
est
ab
lis
h
i
n
g
r
o
b
u
s
t c
o
n
n
e
cti
o
n
s
wi
th
li
f
e
lo
n
g
lea
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
iti
es
a
r
e
o
f
p
a
r
a
m
o
u
n
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
[
1
1
]
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
is
a
r
g
u
ed
th
at
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
c
o
u
r
s
es
f
o
r
e
d
u
c
ato
r
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
m
e
r
e
t
e
ch
n
i
ca
l
s
k
ill
a
cq
u
is
iti
o
n
.
I
n
s
t
e
ad
,
th
ey
m
u
s
t
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
cu
lti
v
a
ti
n
g
in
te
g
r
ate
d
c
o
m
p
ete
n
c
ies
t
h
at
s
y
n
t
h
esi
ze
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
ica
l
a
n
d
s
u
b
je
ct
-
s
p
ec
if
i
c
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
,
ai
m
e
d
at
el
ev
ati
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
c
ti
o
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
ti
o
n
s
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
-
m
e
d
ia
te
d
in
te
r
v
e
n
ti
o
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
p
r
a
cti
ca
l
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
es
,
a
n
d
c
o
l
la
b
o
r
ati
v
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
[
1
2
]
.
I
t
is
wid
ely
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
t
h
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
o
f
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
is
em
p
ir
ically
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
th
ei
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
in
r
o
b
o
tics
,
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
I
o
T
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
’
s
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
ar
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
d
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
s
p
ec
ialized
ly
ce
u
m
s
an
d
in
tellectu
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
er
e
is
a
m
ar
k
ed
d
is
p
ar
ity
in
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
n
ess
b
etwe
en
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
r
eg
io
n
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
th
eir
c
o
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
in
m
ajo
r
u
r
b
a
n
ce
n
te
r
s
o
f
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
icate
th
at
th
is
ch
a
llen
g
e
is
n
o
t
m
e
r
ely
lo
ca
lized
b
u
t
is
a
p
er
v
asiv
e
g
lo
b
al
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
.
I
n
th
eir
r
esear
ch
,
Sin
h
a
[
1
4
]
n
o
tes
th
at
th
e
v
elo
city
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
o
u
t
p
ac
es
th
e
ad
a
p
t
iv
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
to
in
teg
r
ate
n
ew
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
a
s
y
s
tem
ic
is
s
u
e
p
r
ev
alen
t
in
b
o
th
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
n
atio
n
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
ch
allen
g
e
r
e
q
u
ir
es
a
s
h
if
t
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
m
er
e
p
r
o
v
i
s
io
n
o
f
tech
n
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
to
war
d
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
esig
n
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
t
r
ajec
to
r
ies f
o
r
t
h
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
e
m
er
g
in
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e.
Giv
en
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
iv
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
f
o
s
ter
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
tech
n
ical
p
r
o
f
icie
n
cy
,
as
well
as
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
b
o
th
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
an
d
i
n
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
e
r
s
,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
el
b
ec
o
m
es
im
p
er
ativ
e.
Am
o
n
g
e
x
is
tin
g
s
ch
o
lar
ly
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
,
th
e
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
co
n
te
n
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e
(
T
PAC
K
)
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
o
r
i
g
in
ally
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Ko
eh
ler
an
d
Mish
r
a
[
1
5
]
,
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
f
o
r
its
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
co
n
ten
t
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ex
p
e
r
tis
e.
T
h
is
es
tab
lis
h
ed
m
o
d
el
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
s
teac
h
er
co
m
p
eten
ce
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
y
n
th
esize
s
u
b
ject
-
m
atter
co
n
ten
t
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
af
f
o
r
d
an
ce
s
an
d
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
o
b
jectiv
es,
t
h
er
e
b
y
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
c
o
m
p
lex
m
at
er
ial
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
an
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
m
an
n
er
f
o
r
lear
n
er
s
.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
in
ter
p
r
eted
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
with
in
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
u
n
d
e
r
p
in
n
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
r
o
o
ted
i
n
th
e
p
r
in
ci
p
les
o
f
th
is
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
3
S
-
T
PAC
K
m
o
d
el,
w
h
ich
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
en
h
an
cin
g
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
r
o
b
o
tics
a
n
d
I
o
T
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
o
d
i
f
ied
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
n
ee
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
e
f
f
icac
y
b
y
ad
h
er
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
tim
u
late,
an
d
s
ee
k
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
u
b
ject
-
m
atter
,
co
n
ten
t
-
r
elate
d
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
wh
ile
also
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
o
b
o
tics
an
d
I
o
T
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
6
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
an
an
a
ly
s
is
o
f
r
ec
en
t
wo
r
k
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
elem
en
t
with
in
th
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
in
n
a
tu
r
e
an
d
f
ails
to
ar
ticu
late
a
c
o
h
er
en
t
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
a
co
n
ten
t
-
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
e
x
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
ical
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
in
to
tan
g
ib
le,
o
r
ig
in
al
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
Simu
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
th
er
e
is
an
u
r
g
en
t
n
ee
d
to
r
e
-
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
r
o
b
o
tics
an
d
I
o
T
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
with
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ar
ad
ig
m
atic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
in
th
e
f
ield
.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
r
o
b
o
tics
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
I
C
R
E
)
m
o
d
el,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Alam
an
d
Mo
h
a
n
ty
[
1
7
]
,
d
ef
in
es
r
o
b
o
tics
as
a
s
tr
a
teg
ic
p
ar
ad
ig
m
th
at
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
n
o
t
m
er
ely
as
an
au
x
iliar
y
to
o
l,
b
u
t
as
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
en
tire
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
al
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
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u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
3
2
2
-
3
3
3
3
3324
T
h
e
p
r
ed
o
m
in
an
ce
o
f
th
eo
r
etica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
th
e
I
C
R
E
m
o
d
el,
co
u
p
led
with
th
e
in
a
d
eq
u
at
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
elem
en
t
with
i
n
th
e
3
S
-
T
PAC
K
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
r
esu
lts
in
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
-
o
r
ien
t
ed
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
teac
h
er
s
-
o
r
ien
ted
,
lear
n
i
n
g
co
n
ten
t,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
d
ig
ital
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
ex
p
ec
te
d
o
u
tco
m
es
(
T
-
L
MD
E
)
m
o
d
el,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
a
d
d
r
ess
th
is
id
en
tifie
d
r
esear
ch
g
ap
,
o
p
er
ati
o
n
alize
s
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
r
in
cip
les
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
u
r
in
te
r
r
elate
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
n
ten
t
en
c
o
m
p
ass
es
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
i
n
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
,
r
o
b
o
tics
,
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
teac
h
e
r
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
an
d
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
o
r
tal
r
ef
in
es
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
“
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
”
with
in
th
e
3
S
-
T
PAC
K
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
b
y
elev
atin
g
it
to
a
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
lev
el.
T
h
is
p
o
r
tal
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
n
o
t
m
e
r
ely
as
a
r
ep
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s
ito
r
y
b
u
t
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ig
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o
s
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tem
th
at
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ates
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al
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im
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lato
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s
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ter
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m
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les,
an
d
f
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d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
tem
s
to
ass
is
t
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
b
esp
o
k
e
in
s
tr
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al
s
ce
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r
io
s
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Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
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a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
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r
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v
id
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d
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ith
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s
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d
s
tr
ateg
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o
r
em
b
ed
d
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g
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er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
to
th
e
s
ch
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o
l
cu
r
r
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lu
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tco
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illar
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ly
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tr
ate
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ce
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a
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t
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e
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s
k
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ch
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en
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e
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im
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tific
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lem
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th
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tu
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d
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b
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th
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th
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e
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s
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T
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L
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d
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s
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s
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th
e
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o
f
r
o
b
o
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I
o
T
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an
d
clo
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d
co
m
p
u
tin
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o
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in
e
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ess
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th
is
co
m
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r
e
h
en
s
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e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
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o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
(
R
Q)
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
f
o
r
m
u
lated
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
th
r
ee
in
ter
r
elate
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
n
tain
ed
with
in
it
:
−
Did
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
lea
r
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es
an
d
m
aster
y
o
f
co
n
te
n
t w
h
en
c
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
p
r
e
-
test
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
?
(
R
Q.
1
)
−
T
o
wh
at
ex
ten
t
d
id
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
o
r
tal
s
er
v
e
as
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
?
(
R
Q.
2
)
−
W
as
th
er
e
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
a
n
d
in
-
s
er
v
ice
tea
ch
er
s
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el,
an
d
wh
at
wer
e
th
eir
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
ac
q
u
i
r
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e
i
n
to
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
?
(
R
Q.
3
)
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
f
ield
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
I
o
T
,
r
o
b
o
tics
,
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
in
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
to
e
n
h
an
ce
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
.
I
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
T
-
L
MD
E
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
o
d
el
an
d
ev
alu
ates
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
th
r
ee
-
le
v
el
ass
ess
m
en
t
(
co
g
n
itiv
e,
r
eso
u
r
ce
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
lev
els).
E
m
p
ir
ical
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
two
s
ep
ar
ate
teac
h
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
m
o
d
el’
s
v
iab
ilit
y
as
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
.
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
P
E
DAG
O
G
I
CAL
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
o
d
el
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
f
o
u
r
co
r
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
an
d
in
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
co
n
ten
t
with
in
th
is
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
aste
r
y
o
f
a
d
i
v
er
s
e
ar
r
ay
o
f
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
en
co
m
p
ass
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tals
o
f
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
in
clu
d
in
g
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
th
e
I
o
T
,
an
d
r
o
b
o
tics
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
co
n
ten
t
co
m
m
en
ce
d
with
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
r
o
b
o
tic
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
with
in
th
e
W
o
k
wi
s
im
u
lato
r
,
as
well
as
wo
r
k
in
g
with
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
As
an
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
in
th
e
m
o
d
el’
s
co
n
ten
t,
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
ec
tio
n
s
wer
e
e
x
p
a
n
d
ed
t
o
in
clu
d
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
,
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
n
o
t
o
n
ly
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
co
m
p
atib
le
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
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t
tech
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esig
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ies
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ch
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e
m
o
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ca
p
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city
,
an
d
ac
ad
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ic
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h
iev
em
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ts
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
a
r
d
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ater
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r
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lts
an
d
th
e
au
to
m
ated
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
h
av
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
a
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
ts
o
f
p
o
r
tal
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
was
r
ev
iewe
d
an
d
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
as
a
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
f
o
r
m
aster
’
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
th
e
m
ee
tin
g
s
o
f
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atic
s
an
d
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
Ph
y
s
ics,
Ma
th
em
atics,
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
Pro
to
co
l
No
.
1
,
d
ated
Sep
tem
b
er
5
,
2
0
2
5
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
was
r
ev
iewe
d
b
y
th
e
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
C
o
u
n
cil
o
f
th
e
Kh
.
Do
s
m
u
k
h
am
e
d
o
v
Aty
r
au
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
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d
o
f
f
icially
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
b
y
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
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s
Aca
d
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i
c
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o
u
n
cil
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Pro
to
c
o
l
No
.
3
,
d
ated
No
v
em
b
e
r
2
0
,
2
0
2
5
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
s
itiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
two
r
ev
iewe
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
3
2
2
-
3
3
3
3
3326
th
e
Kh
.
Do
s
m
u
k
h
am
e
d
o
v
Aty
r
au
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
an
d
two
s
ch
o
lar
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
Dep
a
r
tm
en
t
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
T
ec
h
n
ical
Scien
ce
s
at
Alik
h
an
B
o
k
eik
h
an
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
in
Sem
ey
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h desi
g
n
I
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
a
q
u
asi
-
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ad
o
p
ted
,
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
b
o
th
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
an
aly
s
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
at
Kh
.
Do
s
m
u
k
h
am
e
d
o
v
Aty
r
a
u
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
-
le
d
s
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
was m
ain
tain
ed
at
a
r
atio
o
f
4
5
% o
f
f
l
in
e
to
5
5
% o
n
lin
e.
3
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
to
ev
a
lu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
o
d
el
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lev
els
(
N=
3
1
)
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
two
p
r
im
ar
y
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
co
h
o
r
t
co
m
p
r
is
ed
1
1
f
ir
s
t
-
y
ea
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
m
aster
’
s
d
eg
r
ee
(
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
)
en
r
o
lled
in
th
e
“
7
M
0
1
5
0
1
–
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scien
ce
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
ati
za
tio
n
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
”
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
au
tu
m
n
s
em
ester
o
f
th
e
2
0
2
5
–
2
0
2
6
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
,
t
h
ese
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
with
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
to
talin
g
5
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
cr
ed
it
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
E
C
T
S
)
cr
ed
its
with
in
th
e
“
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
an
d
I
o
T
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
”
d
is
cip
lin
e.
Fo
r
th
e
in
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
co
h
o
r
t,
an
in
ten
s
iv
e
8
0
-
h
o
u
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
e
titl
ed
“
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
:
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
I
o
T
an
d
r
o
b
o
tics
”
was
o
r
g
an
ized
in
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
6
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
i
n
th
e
Aty
r
au
R
eg
io
n
,
s
p
an
n
i
n
g
a
th
r
ee
-
wee
k
d
u
r
atio
n
.
Al
th
o
u
g
h
4
0
teac
h
e
r
s
in
itially
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
2
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
was
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
A
k
ey
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
is
its
in
t
er
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
;
wh
ile
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
atics
teac
h
er
s
,
g
r
o
u
p
2
also
in
clu
d
ed
two
STE
M
teac
h
er
s
(
s
p
ec
ializin
g
in
m
ath
em
atics
an
d
ch
em
is
tr
y
)
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
wed
f
o
r
an
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el’
s
a
d
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
to
d
is
cip
lin
es
b
ey
o
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atics,
en
s
u
r
in
g
its
b
r
o
ad
er
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
with
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
3
.
3
.
Resea
rc
h
p
ro
ce
du
re
s
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
was
co
n
d
u
cted
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
b
eg
in
n
in
g
with
th
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
lev
el.
T
h
is
in
itial
p
h
ase
in
v
o
lv
ed
a
d
if
f
e
r
en
tial
an
aly
s
is
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
y
n
am
ics
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
r
e
-
test
/p
o
s
t
-
test
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
d
esig
n
,
aim
in
g
to
q
u
a
n
tify
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
o
f
b
o
th
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
an
d
in
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
r
o
b
o
tic
s
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
alig
n
m
en
t
with
th
e
g
o
als
an
d
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
co
n
ten
t
an
d
co
m
p
r
is
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
th
em
atic,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
-
tech
n
ical,
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
lev
el
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
is
s
tag
e,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
m
p
leted
an
a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
s
u
r
v
ey
ev
alu
atin
g
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
as
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
p
o
r
tal,
its
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
u
s
er
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
Fin
ally
,
at
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
lev
el,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
p
r
o
jects
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
als
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
.
Du
r
i
n
g
th
is
s
tag
e,
p
r
o
jects
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
b
y
in
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
u
n
d
er
wen
t
cr
iter
io
n
-
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
b
y
t
r
ain
er
s
an
d
p
ee
r
s
,
wh
ile
p
r
o
jects
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
als
f
r
o
m
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
ev
al
u
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
q
u
alitativ
e
len
s
u
n
d
er
s
y
s
tem
atic
tu
to
r
-
m
ed
iated
o
v
er
s
ig
h
t.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t,
tr
ain
er
s
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
r
ac
tical
task
s
d
u
r
in
g
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
s
ess
io
n
s
an
d
o
v
e
r
s
aw
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
f
in
al
p
r
o
jects to
ev
alu
ate
p
o
s
t
-
co
u
r
s
e
im
p
ac
t.
3
.
4
.
M
ea
s
urem
ent
ins
t
rum
ent
s
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
c
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
i
ty
an
d
s
cien
tific
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
wh
ic
h
u
tili
ze
d
a
5
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
n
d
e
r
wen
t
an
e
x
p
er
t
r
ev
iew
b
y
th
r
ee
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atics
an
d
STE
M.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
ts
v
er
if
ied
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
item
s
.
C
o
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
ei
r
f
u
ll
alig
n
m
en
t w
ith
th
e
r
esear
c
h
o
b
jectiv
es a
n
d
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
g
o
als.
3
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
p
air
ed
t
-
test
s
.
M
icr
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
’
s
d
ata
an
a
ly
s
is
to
o
ls
et
was
u
s
ed
as
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
f
twar
e.
Me
an
v
alu
es
an
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
(
SD)
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
was set a
t p
<0
.
0
5
.
3
.
6
.
E
t
hica
l
c
o
ns
idera
t
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T
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s
tu
d
y
ad
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estab
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in
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ticip
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ts
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u
lly
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
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t
h
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ch
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wer
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h
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th
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co
llected
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ata
wo
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ld
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e
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ex
cl
u
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iv
ely
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o
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tific
p
u
r
p
o
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es;
th
eir
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
k
e
p
t
s
tr
ictly
co
n
f
id
en
tial.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
r
esu
lts
wer
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
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n
l
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th
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g
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eg
ate,
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r
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iv
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al
p
ar
tic
ip
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ts
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u
ld
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e
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tifie
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
E
v
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&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
mo
d
el
fo
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
tea
ch
e
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tr
a
in
in
g
b
y
in
teg
r
a
tin
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in
tern
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f th
in
g
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Meir
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l Mu
kh
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3327
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
RQ
1
:
ind
ica
t
o
rs o
f
pa
rt
icipa
nts in m
a
s
t
er
ing
t
he
co
nt
ent
o
f
co
urs
e
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
(
R
Q1
)
,
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
wer
e
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
at
th
e
in
itial
an
d
f
in
al
s
tag
es
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
to
id
en
tify
s
h
if
ts
in
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
1
5
item
s
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
t
o
co
n
ten
t
-
r
elate
d
,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
-
tech
n
ical
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
R
esp
o
n
s
es we
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
5
-
p
o
in
t L
ik
er
t scale
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
tatis
tical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
ata
an
d
to
s
u
b
s
tan
tiat
e
th
e
s
cien
tific
h
y
p
o
th
eses
,
a
p
air
ed
-
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
f
o
r
m
ea
n
s
was e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
p
r
e
-
test
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
test
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
l
e
2
,
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
led
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
ar
ith
m
etic
m
ea
n
v
al
u
es
(
M2
>M
1
)
,
wh
ile
th
e
SD
r
em
ain
ed
r
elativ
ely
s
tab
le
(
SD1
≈
SD2
)
.
T
h
is
s
tati
s
tical
tr
en
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
e
x
er
ted
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
c
o
h
o
r
t
r
ath
er
th
a
n
o
n
is
o
lated
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
it
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
wh
ile
th
e
o
v
er
all
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
was
elev
ated
to
a
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
lev
el,
th
e
in
ter
n
al
v
ar
i
an
ce
in
s
k
ill
lev
el
s
with
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
er
s
is
ted
,
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ef
lectin
g
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t u
p
war
d
s
h
if
t in
co
llectiv
e
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t.
T
ab
le
1
.
Pre
-
test
r
esu
lts
G
r
o
u
p
s
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
M
e
a
n
(
M
1
)
SD
1
G
r
o
u
p
1
:
p
r
e
-
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
11
2
.
6
8
0
.
5
9
G
r
o
u
p
2
:
i
n
-
serv
i
c
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
20
2
.
3
5
0
.
7
5
To
t
a
l
31
2
.
4
7
0
.
7
T
ab
le
2
.
Po
s
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
G
r
o
u
p
s
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
M
e
a
n
(
M
2
)
SD
2
G
r
o
u
p
1
:
p
r
e
-
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
11
3
.
8
3
0
.
6
5
G
r
o
u
p
2
:
i
n
-
serv
i
c
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
20
4
.
4
9
0
.
7
4
To
t
a
l
31
4
.
2
6
0
.
7
7
I
n
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
air
e
d
-
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
,
th
e
cr
itical
v
alu
e
f
o
r
α
=0
.
0
5
was
tcr
it=2
.
0
4
with
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
d
f
=3
0
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
lated
test
s
tatis
tic
was
ts
tat=
−
1
1
.
6
7
.
Sin
ce
th
e
a
b
s
o
lu
te
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
test
s
tatis
t
ic
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
two
-
tailed
cr
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
|
t
s
tat
|
>t
cr
it,
th
e
n
u
ll
h
y
p
o
th
esis
w
as
r
ejec
ted
in
f
av
o
r
o
f
th
e
alter
n
ativ
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
h
a
d
a
s
tatis
tica
lly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t o
n
b
o
t
h
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
an
d
in
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
d
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
h
if
ts
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
u
r
in
g
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
s
ess
io
n
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
en
g
ag
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
in
te
r
est
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
co
h
o
r
ts
in
e
x
ec
u
tin
g
p
r
ac
tical
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
an
d
p
r
o
jects.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
ese
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
a
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ab
le
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
tech
n
ical
p
r
o
f
ici
en
cy
an
d
th
eir
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
b
y
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e.
T
h
ese
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
te
d
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
well
-
co
o
r
d
in
ated
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
b
len
d
ed
lear
n
i
n
g
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
Du
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tical
s
ess
io
n
s
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
en
g
ag
e
d
in
th
e
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
ass
em
b
ly
o
f
r
o
b
o
tics
an
d
I
o
T
d
e
v
ices,
an
d
b
y
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
to
clo
u
d
-
b
ase
d
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
th
e
y
m
aster
ed
co
m
p
lex
tech
n
ical
co
n
ce
p
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
h
y
s
ical
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
a
lig
n
s
with
s
ch
o
lar
l
y
f
in
d
in
g
s
ass
er
tin
g
th
at
r
o
b
o
tics
is
n
o
t
m
er
ely
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
b
u
t
a
ca
tal
y
s
t
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
co
g
n
itio
n
,
f
o
s
ter
i
n
g
b
o
th
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
a
l
g
r
o
wth
in
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
o
b
o
tics
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
c
o
u
p
led
with
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
r
em
o
te
co
n
tr
o
l,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
e
n
h
an
ce
d
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
tech
n
ical
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
.
B
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
I
o
T
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
elev
ates
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
o
b
o
tic
s
to
th
e
lev
el
o
f
th
e
I
o
R
T
.
T
h
i
s
alig
n
s
with
g
lo
b
al
ac
ad
em
ic
d
is
co
u
r
s
e,
wh
ich
p
o
s
its
th
at
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
o
b
o
tics
with
I
o
T
an
d
au
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
s
y
s
tem
s
will
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
cu
r
r
icu
la,
s
h
if
tin
g
th
e
f
o
c
u
s
to
war
d
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
th
in
k
in
g
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
p
r
ag
m
atic
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
b
asic r
o
b
o
tics
to
th
e
m
aster
y
o
f
a
d
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
n
o
te
th
at,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
co
n
ten
t,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wi
th
h
ig
h
er
lev
els
o
f
d
ig
ital
p
r
o
f
icie
n
cy
wer
e
ab
le
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
tec
h
n
ical
b
ar
r
ier
s
,
s
u
ch
as
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
an
d
d
eb
u
g
g
in
g
,
m
o
r
e
r
ap
i
d
ly
,
th
e
r
eb
y
allo
win
g
f
o
r
d
ee
p
er
e
n
g
ag
em
en
t
with
th
e
co
r
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ial.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
t
h
e
p
r
em
is
e
th
at
d
ig
ital
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
s
er
v
es
as
a
p
r
er
e
q
u
is
ite
an
d
a
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ass
im
ilatio
n
o
f
n
ew
k
n
o
wled
g
e
[
2
7
]
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
in
itial
s
tag
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
I
o
T
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
in
te
g
r
atio
n
,
s
o
m
e
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
en
co
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n
ter
ed
ce
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tain
tech
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ical
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allen
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T
h
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p
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t
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Activ
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o
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in
d
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p
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d
en
t
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n
-
m
ak
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n
g
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
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r
o
le
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m
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m
p
le
x
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
is
s
till
h
ig
h
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
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t
J
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v
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&
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c
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Vo
l
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15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
3
2
2
-
3
3
3
3
3328
4
.
2
.
RQ
2
:
ef
f
ec
t
iv
eness
o
f
dig
it
a
l
s
up
po
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T
h
e
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R
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1
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Pre
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1
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7
8
T
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ata
in
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s
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n
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T
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e
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f
ac
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ly
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-
f
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f
o
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d
ig
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ed
u
ca
tio
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a
l
p
latf
o
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m
s
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en
a
b
lin
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to
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n
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ag
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r
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in
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m
ater
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at
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d
f
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m
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tio
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co
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d
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g
t
o
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eir
in
d
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id
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al
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s
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also
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s
u
r
in
g
s
ea
m
less
f
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d
b
ac
k
f
r
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n
s
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s
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d
s
y
s
t
em
atic
tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
lear
n
er
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
2
9
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
d
is
tin
ct
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
b
etwe
en
th
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two
p
ar
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an
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
W
ith
in
th
e
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h
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t,
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ig
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s
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all
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teg
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ac
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m
p
an
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b
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lo
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SD
.
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h
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f
in
d
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g
s
s
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est
th
at
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with
in
th
e
d
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en
v
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m
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t
b
u
t
also
d
u
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in
g
tr
ad
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n
al
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
s
ess
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n
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
in
f
er
r
ed
th
at
th
e
p
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r
tal
o
b
jectiv
ely
r
ef
lects
th
e
ac
tu
al
lear
n
in
g
tr
ajec
to
r
ies
o
f
th
e
p
ar
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an
ts
.
W
h
ile
th
e
r
elativ
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
o
f
r
esp
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n
s
es
f
r
o
m
ex
p
er
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ce
d
teac
h
e
r
s
ca
n
b
e
attr
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u
ted
to
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
[
3
0
]
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
v
ar
ian
ce
in
o
p
in
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n
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
am
o
n
g
m
a
s
ter
’
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
i
s
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
d
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er
s
e
lev
els
o
f
d
ig
ital
co
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p
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ce
o
r
v
a
r
y
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
in
ter
ests
am
o
n
g
th
e
lear
n
er
s
[
3
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
q
u
alit
ati
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
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m
in
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s
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v
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ch
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s
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t
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u
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d
e
r
s
c
o
r
es
its
p
r
ac
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al
v
al
u
e:
“
Th
e
m
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d
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les
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n
t
h
e
d
i
g
it
a
l
p
o
r
t
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l
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s
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en
ti
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l
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n
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l
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r
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p
r
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g
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l
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h
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g
ic
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l
a
s
s
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t
a
n
c
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t
o
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
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s
.
”
(
T
ea
ch
e
r
A
)
“
Wil
l
t
h
e
p
o
r
t
a
l
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
r
e
m
a
i
n
a
cc
ess
ib
le
a
ft
er
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
c
o
n
cl
u
d
es
?
We
i
n
te
n
d
t
o
u
t
iliz
e
t
h
em
in
o
u
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
r
a
cti
ce
.
”
(
T
e
ac
h
er
B
)
Fro
m
th
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
,
i
t
c
an
b
e
c
o
n
cl
u
d
e
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
i
g
it
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
t
em
is
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
c
o
h
o
r
ts
.
W
h
il
e
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
d
tea
c
h
e
r
s
p
e
r
c
ei
v
e
t
h
e
p
o
r
ta
l
as
a
s
o
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r
ce
o
f
p
r
ac
tic
al
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
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n
al
r
es
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r
c
es,
it
ap
p
e
ar
s
t
h
at
p
r
e
-
s
e
r
v
ic
e
t
ea
c
h
e
r
s
a
p
p
r
o
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h
e
d
it
p
r
im
ar
il
y
as
a
r
e
q
u
is
i
te
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
ei
r
ac
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d
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c
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r
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l
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m
.
R
e
g
a
r
d
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g
t
h
e
R
Q
2
,
t
h
e
d
at
a
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
s
h
ig
h
e
f
f
ic
ac
y
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
g
r
o
u
p
s
;
h
o
we
v
e
r
,
in
-
s
er
v
i
ce
te
ac
h
e
r
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
m
o
r
e
p
r
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n
o
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d
p
r
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f
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i
o
n
a
l
an
d
p
r
ac
t
ica
l
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
s
u
c
h
a
p
l
atf
o
r
m
.
4
.
3
.
RQ
3
:
pro
f
ess
io
na
l
t
r
a
ns
f
o
rm
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
ea
cher
s
a
nd
co
n
nect
io
n
o
f
a
cquired
k
no
wledg
e
wit
h
t
he
educa
t
io
na
l pro
ce
s
s
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
th
ir
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
(
R
Q3
)
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
als
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
in
to
t
h
eir
p
r
o
f
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n
al
p
r
ac
tice
(
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t)
wer
e
d
elib
er
ated
.
At
th
is
s
tag
e,
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
c
o
u
r
s
e
in
s
tr
u
ct
o
r
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
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at,
b
ased
o
n
c
o
-
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
co
u
ld
u
tili
ze
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ele
ctiv
e
co
u
r
s
e
s
y
llab
i
o
r
p
r
o
jec
t
-
b
ased
m
o
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els
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to
im
p
lem
en
t
th
e
co
n
ten
t
in
p
r
ac
tical
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ett
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g
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
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ata
an
al
y
s
is
,
th
r
ee
p
r
im
ar
y
lev
els
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
-
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atio
n
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
l
e
4
.
T
o
f
u
r
t
h
er
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
we
p
r
o
ce
e
d
wit
h
a
q
u
alitativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
,
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
s
ev
er
al
u
n
i
q
u
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
v
er
s
atility
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
m
o
d
el.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
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&
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es E
d
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c
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
mo
d
el
fo
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
tea
ch
e
r
tr
a
in
in
g
b
y
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
in
tern
et
o
f th
in
g
s
,
…
(
Meir
a
mg
u
l Mu
kh
a
mb
eto
va
)
3329
T
ab
le
4
.
Stra
teg
ies f
o
r
in
teg
r
at
in
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
c
o
n
ten
t in
to
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
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i
n
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o
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P
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a
i
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p
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o
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mi
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g
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o
u
p
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
El
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
o
u
r
se
4
8
.
4
M
o
s
t
l
y
mast
e
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
Le
sso
n
p
l
a
n
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
i
n
g
I
o
T,
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
r
o
b
o
t
i
c
s
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
sch
o
o
l
s
.
R
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
(
P
B
L)
4
1
.
9
Ex
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
a
n
d
m
a
st
e
r
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
I
d
e
a
s
f
o
r
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
S
T
EM
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
f
o
r
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
,
s
t
a
g
e
s
o
f
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
S
t
a
r
t
-
u
p
i
d
e
a
9
.
7
Ex
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
,
y
o
u
n
g
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
st
a
n
d
mast
e
r
st
u
d
e
n
t
A
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
i
m
e
d
a
t
so
l
v
i
n
g
s
o
c
i
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms.
C
ase
1
:
in
teg
r
ated
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
s
y
n
er
g
y
.
On
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
t
ea
ch
er
am
o
n
g
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
u
al
-
tr
ac
k
s
tr
ateg
y
,
co
n
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
u
tili
zin
g
an
elec
tiv
e
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
a
p
r
o
ject
-
b
ased
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
I
n
th
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
teac
h
er
s
u
g
g
ested
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
3
4
-
h
o
u
r
elec
tiv
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
f
o
r
m
i
d
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
cu
lm
in
atin
g
i
n
a
f
in
al
p
r
o
je
ct.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
-
q
u
ality
p
r
o
je
cts
wo
u
ld
th
en
b
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
s
cien
tific
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
etitio
n
s
.
An
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
ject
is
th
e
“
s
m
ar
t
clim
ate
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
”
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
r
o
ad
m
ap
f
o
r
th
is
p
r
o
ject
in
clu
d
es
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
f
an
s
an
d
r
elay
s
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
en
a
b
lin
g
r
em
o
te
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
v
ia
a
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
,
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
d
ata
lo
g
g
i
n
g
o
n
an
SD c
ar
d
.
C
ase
2
:
i
n
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
STE
M
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
(
c
h
em
is
tr
y
)
.
I
n
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
a
r
y
STE
M
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
a
n
o
ta
b
le
ca
s
e
em
er
g
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
i
n
ter
v
iews
in
v
o
lv
in
g
a
c
h
em
is
tr
y
teac
h
er
wh
o
h
ad
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
s
p
ec
ialized
in
S
T
E
M
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
eir
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
is
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
r
o
b
o
tic
s
y
s
t
em
d
esig
n
ed
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
h
ig
h
-
p
r
ec
is
io
n
ch
em
ical
s
y
n
t
h
esis
an
d
en
h
an
ce
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
s
af
ety
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
u
tili
ze
s
an
in
teg
r
ated
h
ar
d
war
e
s
u
ite,
in
clu
d
in
g
wate
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
DHT
1
1
/DHT
2
2
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
h
u
m
i
d
ity
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
Nan
o
3
3
I
o
T
b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
s
p
ec
if
ically
en
g
in
ee
r
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
s
ev
er
al
cr
itical
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
u
n
if
ied
tech
n
ical
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
t
e
n
ab
les
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
am
b
ien
t
h
u
m
id
ity
i
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
er
e
m
ain
tain
in
g
an
h
y
d
r
o
u
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
v
ital
f
o
r
ch
em
ical
s
y
n
t
h
esis
,
wh
ile
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
an
d
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
ac
cid
e
n
tal
wate
r
s
p
ills
with
in
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
s
ettin
g
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
d
ev
ice
is
d
esig
n
e
d
to
tr
ac
k
h
u
m
id
ity
lev
els
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
m
o
is
tu
r
e
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
r
ea
g
en
ts
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
v
er
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
m
o
is
tu
r
e
v
ar
iab
les.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
aim
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
an
d
m
ain
tain
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
ch
em
ical
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
ase
3
:
s
h
if
ts
in
lear
n
in
g
p
a
r
ad
ig
m
s
an
d
d
id
ac
tic
co
n
tin
u
it
y
.
A
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
t
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
io
r
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
in
th
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
s
ec
to
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
s
h
if
t,
v
iewin
g
r
o
b
o
tics
,
I
o
T
,
a
n
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
n
o
t a
s
d
is
cr
ete
d
is
cip
lin
es,
b
u
t a
s
a
co
h
esiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
ti
n
u
u
m
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t e
m
p
h
asized
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
PB
L
to
g
u
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
war
d
s
o
lv
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
e
v
ice
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
r
ath
er
th
an
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
o
te
m
em
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
th
eo
r
etica
l
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
lev
els
o
f
co
g
n
itiv
e
a
n
d
tech
n
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
a
s
ea
m
less
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
to
co
m
p
le
x
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
.
At
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
lev
el
(
g
r
ad
es
1
–
4
)
,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
is
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
“
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
la
y
”
.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
C
o
d
iPl
ay
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
s
p
ec
ialized
ar
ca
d
e
-
s
ty
le
g
a
m
es,
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
aim
s
to
f
o
s
ter
a
n
in
t
u
itiv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
co
m
p
lex
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
lo
o
p
s
,
c
o
n
d
itio
n
als,
an
d
v
a
r
iab
les
,
wh
ile
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
f
in
e
m
o
to
r
s
k
ills
th
r
o
u
g
h
L
E
GO
W
eDo
an
d
s
im
p
le
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
to
in
ter
p
r
et
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
laws
lik
e
g
ea
r
s
an
d
lev
er
s
.
T
h
is
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
ac
ilit
ates
a
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
lev
el
(
g
r
ad
es
5
–
8
)
,
titl
ed
“f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
I
o
T
an
d
r
o
b
o
tics
”
,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
g
ag
e
with
au
th
en
tic
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
te
g
r
at
io
n
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics
an
d
m
ath
em
atics.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
s
tag
e,
th
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
f
o
cu
s
s
h
i
f
ts
f
r
o
m
b
lo
ck
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
to
tex
t
-
b
ased
co
d
in
g
in
C
/C
++
,
m
an
u
al
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
,
an
d
b
r
ea
d
b
o
ar
d
in
g
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
cu
lm
in
ates
in
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
le
v
el
(
g
r
ad
es
9
–
1
1
)
,
“
clo
u
d
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
m
ar
t
p
r
o
jects
”
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
a
s
izes
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
an
d
s
tar
t
-
u
p
in
itiativ
es.
At
th
is
h
ig
h
est
p
h
ase,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
is
p
lace
d
o
n
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
f
u
lly
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
an
d
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
co
m
p
etitiv
e
s
cien
tific
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
jects,
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
b
r
id
g
in
g
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
cla
s
s
r
o
o
m
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tice.
Du
r
in
g
tu
t
o
r
-
m
e
d
iated
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
it
was
n
o
ted
th
at
th
is
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
b
o
th
d
o
m
esti
c
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
r
o
p
o
s
als
f
o
r
th
e
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
.
C
ase
4
:
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
r
o
ject
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
.
An
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
teac
h
er
,
a
n
ew
s
p
ec
ialis
t,
an
d
a
m
aster
s
tu
d
en
t
co
llectiv
ely
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
th
e
e
n
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
ial
STE
M
tr
ajec
to
r
y
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
th
e
co
-
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
s
o
cio
-
tech
n
ical
ch
allen
g
es.
On
e
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
c
o
n
ce
p
t
was
“
s
m
ar
t
-
tr
ac
k
:
an
in
tellig
en
t
ca
r
g
o
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
”
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
is
p
r
o
ject
was
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
i
n
t
o
f
o
u
r
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
ta
l
p
h
ases
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
p
h
ase
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
p
r
o
b
le
m
i
d
e
n
ti
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
,
m
a
r
k
et
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
an
d
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
ali
za
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
as
e
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
in
g
,
w
h
i
ch
in
clu
d
ed
ass
e
m
b
li
n
g
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
m
o
d
e
l
u
s
i
n
g
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
a
n
d
E
SP
-
b
as
ed
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
,
d
e
v
el
o
p
i
n
g
f
ir
m
w
ar
e
t
o
p
r
o
c
ess
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
a
ta
,
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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J
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&
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c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
26
:
3
3
2
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-
3
3
3
3
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in
t
eg
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th
e
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y
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h
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Ar
d
u
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n
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T
c
l
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d
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
t
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
v
ia
a
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
li
ca
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
p
h
ase
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
em
er
g
en
cy
r
esp
o
n
s
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
w
h
ile
th
e
f
in
al
p
h
as
e
cu
lm
in
ated
in
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
m
ar
k
et
-
r
ea
d
y
m
o
d
el,
its
p
u
b
lic
p
r
esen
tatio
n
,
an
d
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
s
p
ec
ialize
d
co
m
p
etitio
n
s
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
p
o
s
t
-
co
u
r
s
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
it
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
with
in
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
was
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
p
o
r
tal
r
em
ain
ed
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
els
with
tr
ain
er
s
wer
e
m
ain
tain
ed
.
W
ith
in
a
s
h
o
r
t
p
er
io
d
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
(
th
r
ee
m
o
n
t
h
s
later
)
,
t
ea
ch
er
s
b
eg
an
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
eir
r
esu
lts
in
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
is
f
u
r
th
er
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
5.
C
ase
5
:
p
o
s
t
-
co
u
r
s
e
im
p
ac
t
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
r
ee
m
o
n
th
s
p
o
s
t
-
co
m
p
letio
n
,
an
in
f
o
r
m
atics
teac
h
er
r
ep
o
r
te
d
th
at
th
ey
h
ad
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
s
tu
d
e
n
t
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
jects,
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
e
f
in
in
g
t
h
e
“
Sm
ar
t
Sco
u
t
R
o
b
o
t
”,
wh
ich
t
h
ey
h
ad
o
r
ig
in
ally
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
a
f
in
al
co
u
r
s
e
p
r
o
ject
,
an
d
th
e
“
Sm
ar
t
T
r
ash
B
in
”
,
wh
ich
was
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
ess
io
n
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
w
o
r
k
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
“
Sm
ar
t
Sco
u
t
R
o
b
o
t
”
p
r
o
j
ec
t
s
ec
u
r
ed
s
ec
o
n
d
p
lace
in
th
e
“
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
er
”
c
o
m
p
etitio
n
,
wh
ile
an
o
th
er
s
t
u
d
en
t
p
ar
ticip
ate
d
in
a
r
e
g
io
n
al
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
co
m
p
etitio
n
with
th
e
“
Sm
ar
t
T
r
ash
B
in
”
p
r
o
ject.
T
h
e
teac
h
er
ex
p
r
ess
ed
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
to
th
e
tr
ain
er
s
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
u
r
s
e,
n
o
tin
g
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
em
p
h
asis
o
n
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
cr
ea
tiv
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
id
ea
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
an
d
f
o
s
ter
ed
a
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
to
o
n
g
o
in
g
wo
r
k
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
A
s
tu
d
e
n
t
-
d
esig
n
ed
s
co
u
t r
o
b
o
t p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
m
en
to
r
ed
b
y
in
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
“
Sm
ar
t
Sco
u
t
R
o
b
o
t
”
,
wh
ich
in
teg
r
ated
r
o
b
o
tics
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
lear
n
er
s
im
p
lem
en
ted
ad
v
an
ce
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
,
s
u
ch
as r
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
id
e
o
r
eg
is
tr
a
tio
n
v
ia
an
E
SP
3
2
-
C
AM
b
o
ar
d
an
d
r
em
o
te
n
et
wo
r
k
-
b
ased
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
I
n
th
e
“
Sm
ar
t
T
r
ash
B
in
”
p
r
o
ject,
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
u
tili
ze
d
an
E
SP
8
2
6
6
b
o
ar
d
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
r
em
o
te
n
o
tific
atio
n
aler
ts
v
ia
T
eleg
r
am
wh
e
n
th
e
b
in
r
ea
ch
ed
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
n
o
t
m
er
ely
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
b
u
t
a
p
r
ag
m
atic
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
th
at
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
ti
ce
.
A
k
ey
f
in
d
in
g
o
f
th
is
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tu
d
y
is
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
en
ab
les
teac
h
er
s
to
d
is
s
em
in
ate
ac
q
u
ir
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
t
h
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
p
r
ep
a
r
in
g
th
em
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
-
o
r
ien
t
ed
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
n
o
t
o
n
ly
en
h
a
n
ce
s
in
d
iv
id
u
al
teac
h
e
r
co
m
p
eten
c
e
b
u
t
also
en
s
u
r
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
tr
an
s
f
er
.
T
h
is
ac
ce
ler
ated
o
u
tco
m
e
is
d
r
iv
en
b
y
th
e
T
-
L
MD
E
m
o
d
el’
s
co
n
ten
t,
th
e
clea
r
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
d
ig
ital
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
th
e
s
y
n
e
r
g
y
o
f
f
a
cto
r
s
f
o
s
t
er
in
g
h
ig
h
in
tr
in
s
ic
m
o
tiv
ati
o
n
.
Ou
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
u
r
s
es
o
f
ten
f
ail
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
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v
e
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h
er
m
o
tiv
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n
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
ea
d
in
ess
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ad
icts
th
e
p
r
ev
ailin
g
v
i
ew
th
at
s
o
cial
an
d
f
in
an
cial
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ce
n
tiv
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ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
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d
r
iv
e
r
s
o
f
teac
h
er
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
is
d
is
cr
ep
a
n
c
y
s
u
g
g
ests
th
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r
m
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f
er
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tial
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u
r
ce
s
b
y
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“
f
o
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tr
ain
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f
av
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f
p
r
o
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e
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io
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ally
r
elev
an
t
co
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ten
t
th
at
h
o
n
es
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ills
alig
n
ed
with
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
’
ac
tu
al
n
ee
d
s
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
in
-
s
er
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ice
teac
h
er
s
b
ec
o
m
e
d
r
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v
en
b
y
a
u
th
en
tic
lear
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o
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tco
m
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a
n
d
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
c
r
ea
tiv
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
,
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o
th
f
o
r
th
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s
e
lv
es
an
d
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
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ath
er
th
an
b
y
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
ce
r
tific
ates
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
p
r
e
-
s
er
v
ice
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
b
etter
e
q
u
ip
p
e
d
with
th
e
k
n
o
wled
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e,
ab
ilit
ies,
an
d
s
k
ills
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
o
r
g
an
ize
an
d
co
n
d
u
ct
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
we
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
c
er
tain
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
m
all
s
am
p
le
s
ize
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
wh
en
g
e
n
er
alizin
g
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
teac
h
er
s
at
a
n
ati
o
n
al
o
r
r
eg
io
n
al
lev
el;
th
u
s
,
a
lar
g
er
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
p
o
o
l
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
d
is
p
ar
ities
in
th
e
tech
n
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ch
o
o
ls
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
esear
ch
id
en
tifie
d
a
lack
o
f
ad
eq
u
ate
m
ater
ial
an
d
tech
n
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
s
o
m
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
th
is
f
ac
to
r
wa
s
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tu
d
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
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v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
mo
d
el
fo
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
tea
ch
e
r
tr
a
in
in
g
b
y
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
in
tern
et
o
f th
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(
Meir
a
mg
u
l Mu
kh
a
mb
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va
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3331
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
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ch
o
o
ls
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th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
s
i
m
u
lato
r
s
is
h
ig
h
ly
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
d
id
ac
tic
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
m
ater
ials
p
r
o
v
id
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
i
g
ital
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
s
er
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f
ec
tiv
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s
o
lu
tio
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o
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b
r
id
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in
g
t
h
e
in
f
r
as
tr
u
ctu
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g
a
p
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
e
d
to
en
h
an
c
e
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
t
r
ain
in
g
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
,
with
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
s
p
ec
if
ica
lly
r
o
b
o
tics
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
in
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
T
-
L
MD
E
m
o
d
el
was
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
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im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
lear
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in
g
co
n
ten
t
,
th
e
u
tili
za
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n
o
f
d
iv
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s
if
ied
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
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d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
d
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
with
in
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
th
r
o
u
g
h
tan
g
ib
le
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
B
o
th
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
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an
a
ly
s
es
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
ese
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
en
ab
les
teac
h
er
s
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
b
ar
r
ier
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
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ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
an
d
s
u
g
g
est
its
p
o
ten
tial
as
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
o
th
er
teac
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t c
o
u
r
s
es.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ad
d
r
ess
es
cr
itical
s
o
cial
d
em
an
d
s
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
g
e
n
er
atio
n
is
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
to
en
g
ag
e
with
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
in
th
e
er
a
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
im
p
ac
t,
th
e
v
id
eo
,
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical,
an
d
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
co
n
ten
t
h
o
s
ted
o
n
th
e
d
i
g
ital
p
o
r
tal
will
r
em
ain
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
th
e
teac
h
er
s
as
p
o
s
t
-
co
u
r
s
e
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
e
f
f
o
r
ts
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
m
ain
tain
in
g
co
n
tact
with
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ed
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
o
u
tco
m
es
in
to
s
ch
o
o
l
p
r
ac
tice.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
iter
ativ
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
to
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies with
AI
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital p
o
r
tal
a
r
e
p
lan
n
ed
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
ar
ticle
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
ject
“De
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
d
ig
ital
p
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r
tal
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
teac
h
er
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g
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r
o
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g
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e
in
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atio
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clo
u
d
co
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p
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d
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o
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tech
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y
”.
T
h
is
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h
was
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
th
e
Scien
ce
C
o
m
m
ittee
o
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Min
is
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o
f
Scien
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d
Hig
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ep
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Kaz
ak
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t
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AP2
2
6
8
5
1
9
2
“De
v
elo
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ig
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en
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o
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d
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p
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g
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tech
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g
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”)
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
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B
UT
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NS ST
A
T
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M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
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o
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n
ize
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iv
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d
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al
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th
o
r
co
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tio
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th
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s
h
ip
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u
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d
f
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Aut
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ir
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Salam
at
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v
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Nu
r
g
u
l Baitem
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v
a
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C
:
C
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
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h
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d
ata
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u
th
o
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,
[
MM
]
,
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.