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20
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I
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T
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,
Vo
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15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
1
3
5
-
1
1
4
2
1136
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No
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s
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
an
d
th
is
is
wh
y
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
b
an
d
wid
th
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
was
a
tar
g
et
f
o
r
m
ay
r
esear
ch
es.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
u
ltil
ay
er
an
ten
n
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
led
t
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
an
d
wid
th
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Als
o
etch
in
g
r
ec
t
an
g
u
lar
s
lo
ts
f
r
o
m
p
atch
’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
s
h
o
wn
b
an
d
w
id
th
in
cr
em
en
t
[
9
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
u
s
in
g
a
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
led
f
o
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
-
1
0
d
B
b
an
d
wid
th
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
d
u
e
to
ad
d
in
g
an
in
d
u
ctan
ce
an
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
to
th
e
eu
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
an
t
en
n
a
.
T
h
is
will c
au
s
e
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
f
la
t r
ef
lectio
n
co
o
ef
f
icien
t r
esp
o
s
e
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
wid
er
o
p
er
atin
g
an
d
wid
th
[
1
0
]
.
Ma
n
y
r
esear
ch
es
an
d
d
esig
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
t
o
d
esig
n
a
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
f
if
th
g
en
er
atio
n
(
5
G)
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
o
v
e
r
S,
C
,
Ku
,
K,
an
d
Ka
-
B
an
d
s
.
A
s
em
i
-
cir
cu
lar
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
wi
th
th
r
ee
q
u
ar
te
r
ed
s
lo
ts
in
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
p
er
ated
at
3
.
6
GHz
with
g
ain
o
f
4
.
8
d
B
at
S
-
B
an
d
[
1
1
]
.
A
tr
ian
g
u
lar
p
atch
with
d
o
u
b
le
s
q
u
r
ed
r
in
g
s
o
p
er
ate
d
at
3
.
7
GHz
f
o
r
5
G
[
1
2
]
.
MI
MO
is
a
n
attr
ac
tiv
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
;
a
2
×
2
MI
MO
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
u
s
ed
f
o
r
5
G
at
S
-
B
an
d
at
3
.
4
1
GHz
[
1
3
]
.
Fo
r
5
G
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
at
K
-
B
an
d
.
An
F
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
r
eso
n
ate
at
2
5
GHz
with
g
ain
o
f
7
d
B
[
1
4
]
,
wh
ile
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
i
n
[
1
5
]
r
eso
n
ated
at
2
6
GHz
with
h
ig
h
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icie
n
cy
a
n
d
g
ain
ar
o
u
n
d
1
0
d
B
.
Patch
an
te
n
n
a
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
f
o
r
m
u
ltib
an
d
; w
h
er
e
an
an
te
n
n
a
was p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
i
n
S a
n
d
C
-
B
an
d
s
[
1
6
]
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
ed
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
d
esig
n
in
g
a
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
an
ten
n
as
o
p
er
atin
g
in
Ka
-
B
a
n
d
;
a
s
q
u
ar
ed
-
s
h
ap
e
d
p
atch
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
p
er
ate
in
Ka
-
B
an
d
with
a
g
o
o
d
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
at
2
8
G
Hz
[
1
7
]
.
Kir
an
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
a
5
G
p
atch
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
with
tw
o
r
em
o
v
e
d
s
lo
ts
f
r
o
m
its
s
u
r
f
ac
e
with
a
s
lo
tted
f
ee
d
er
s
tr
ip
lin
e
r
eso
n
ated
at
2
8
GHz
an
d
5
0
GHz
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
2
×
1
p
atch
M
I
MO
elem
en
ts
r
eso
n
ated
at
2
8
a
n
d
3
8
GHz
with
p
ea
k
g
ain
o
f
8
.
2
7
d
B
[
1
9
]
.
R
em
o
v
in
g
p
ar
ts
f
r
o
m
an
ten
n
a’
s
g
r
o
u
n
d
with
two
T
-
s
h
ap
es
f
o
r
r
em
o
v
i
n
g
u
n
wan
ted
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
ac
h
iev
ed
g
ain
o
f
9
.
5
7
d
B
to
b
e
o
p
er
atin
g
in
Ka
-
B
an
d
f
o
r
5
G
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
er
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
g
e
n
er
al
an
d
5
G
esp
ec
ially
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
d
at
a
r
ate
with
lo
w
laten
cy
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
at,
m
an
y
r
esear
c
h
es
an
d
tec
h
n
i
q
u
es
d
ev
o
lv
ed
a
n
d
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
g
a
in
o
f
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
o
v
er
th
e
K
a
-
B
an
d
.
An
ar
r
ay
o
f
4
×
1
p
atch
es
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
g
ain
o
f
1
2
d
B
at
3
8
GHz
[
2
1
]
,
wh
ile
[
2
2
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
m
ath
em
atica
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
r
ad
i
ato
r
o
n
an
ten
n
a’
s
g
ain
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
r
tific
ial
m
ag
n
et
c
o
n
d
u
cti
o
n
(
AM
C
)
ar
r
ay
as
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
s
tead
o
f
r
eg
u
lar
g
r
o
u
n
d
ca
u
s
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
cr
em
en
t
in
an
ten
n
a’
s
g
ai
n
[
2
3
]
.
A
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
h
ap
es
co
u
ld
b
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
r
ad
ia
tin
g
p
atch
’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
g
ain
as
in
ca
s
e
o
f
r
em
o
v
in
g
L
I
-
s
h
ap
es
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
g
ain
o
f
1
1
.
2
3
d
B
in
p
ea
k
with
two
r
eso
n
a
tin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cies a
t 2
6
.
2
8
a
n
d
2
8
.
5
G
Hz
[
2
4
]
.
Als
o
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
b
a
n
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
m
an
n
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
wo
r
k
s
in
f
ield
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
an
ten
n
a’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
Ka
-
B
an
d
.
A
s
tu
b
-
s
lo
t
ted
s
h
ap
e
f
o
r
d
u
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
p
er
atio
n
at
2
8
G
Hz
an
d
3
8
.
5
GHz
with
d
ef
e
ct
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
wid
e
b
an
d
wid
th
[
2
5
]
,
m
o
r
eo
v
e
r
in
[
2
6
]
;
u
s
in
g
p
a
r
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
ac
h
iev
ed
wid
er
o
p
er
atin
g
b
an
d
wid
t
h
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
8
×
8
AM
C
also
ca
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
wid
e
b
an
d
wid
th
[
2
3
]
.
Usi
n
g
m
eth
o
d
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
b
an
d
wid
th
b
y
etch
i
n
g
PI
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
ts
f
r
o
m
a
n
ten
n
a’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
[
2
7
]
,
an
d
L
I
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
ts
to
ac
h
iev
e
wid
e
-
1
0
d
B
b
an
d
wid
t
h
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
ain
ly
two
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
a
d
iatio
n
p
atte
r
n
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
in
g
r
e
f
l
ec
to
r
lay
e
r
as
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
wit
h
a
r
ef
lectin
g
lay
er
[
7
]
,
an
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
th
e
m
u
ltil
ay
er
an
t
en
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
a
s
in
g
le
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
lab
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
wi
th
2
×2
s
q
u
ar
ed
-
s
h
a
p
es
s
lo
ts
ar
r
ay
wer
e
etch
ed
f
r
o
m
its
s
u
r
f
ac
e
with
a
p
y
r
am
id
s
h
ap
e
etch
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
atch
an
d
lo
ca
ted
b
etwe
en
s
q
u
ar
ed
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
ts
ar
r
ay
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ac
h
iev
e
d
a
wid
e
o
p
er
atin
g
b
a
n
d
wid
th
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate’
s
th
ick
n
ess
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
etch
e
d
s
q
u
ar
e
d
-
s
h
ap
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ac
h
ie
v
ed
g
ain
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
5
G
in
Ka
-
B
an
d
[
2
5
]
,
with
a
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
g
ai
n
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
1
7
.
2
4
%
an
d
s
ize
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
9
4
.
5
6
%
as
well
as
a
wid
er
-
1
0
d
B
b
an
d
wid
t
h
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
5
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
o
v
er
K
a
-
B
an
d
.
2.
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DS
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
d
etails
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Ka
-
B
an
d
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
an
ac
cu
r
ate
r
es
u
lt.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
a
n
d
eq
u
atio
n
s
wh
ich
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Ka
-
B
an
d
an
ten
n
a’
s
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a;
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
/Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
lo
w
lo
s
s
d
iel
ec
tr
ic
m
ater
ial
was
u
s
ed
as
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
lay
er
.
T
h
e
u
s
ed
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
h
as
a
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
2
.
2
,
wh
ile
its
lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t
is
0
.
0
0
0
9
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
u
s
ed
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
1
.
5
7
5
m
m
an
d
th
e
r
a
d
iatin
g
m
ater
ial
was
lo
w
lo
s
s
co
p
p
er
a
n
d
its
th
ick
n
ess
is
0
.
0
3
5
m
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
Desig
n
o
f a
p
yra
mid
a
l slo
tted
w
id
e
-
b
a
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p
a
tch
a
n
ten
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fo
r
d
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tive
w
i
r
eles
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… (
S
a
fa
N
a
s
s
s
r
N
a
fea
)
1137
Af
ter
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial
an
d
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
m
ater
ial
an
d
its
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es,
t
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
will
b
e
esti
m
atin
g
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
u
s
ed
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
u
ch
as
len
g
th
an
d
wid
th
,
as
well
as
th
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
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r
ad
iatin
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atch
a
n
d
th
e
f
e
ed
er
o
f
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a.
As
a
f
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t
s
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s
s
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atch
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m
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atc
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ased
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en
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p
atch
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im
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ca
lc
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)
as g
i
v
en
[
2
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.
=
2
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+
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A
n
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T
o
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p
r
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esig
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Mic
r
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Stu
d
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C
o
m
p
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ter
Simu
latio
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T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
C
ST)
h
as
b
ee
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u
s
ed
as
a
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
well
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
h
e
x
ah
ed
r
al
s
im
u
latio
n
h
ad
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
with
3
0
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lls
p
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elen
g
th
,
3
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ce
lls
p
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m
a
x
m
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d
5
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r
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tio
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s
o
f
m
a
x
im
u
m
ce
ll n
ea
r
t
o
m
o
d
el.
3.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
h
as
a
p
atch
p
r
in
te
d
o
n
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
/Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
є
r
=
2
.
2
,
tan
δ
=
0
.
0
0
0
9
)
.
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
ar
e
(
s
u
b
L
)
an
d
(
s
ub
W
)
f
o
r
len
g
th
an
d
wid
th
,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
its
th
ick
n
ess
is
h
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
lay
o
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
p
p
er
r
a
d
iatin
g
elem
e
n
t
is
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
la
r
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atc
h
.
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
ar
e
(
L
RP
×
W
RP
×
t)
,
wh
er
e
L
RP
is
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
r
ad
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g
co
p
p
er
an
d
W
RP
r
ep
r
esen
ts
its
wid
th
,
wh
ile
t
r
ef
er
s
to
its
th
ick
n
ess
.
T
h
is
r
ad
iatin
g
elem
en
t
h
as
f
iv
e
n
o
tch
e
d
s
h
ap
es
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
wid
e
o
p
er
ati
n
g
b
an
d
wid
th
.
T
h
ese
s
h
ap
es
a
r
e
f
o
u
r
s
q
u
ar
e
d
-
s
h
ap
es
a
n
d
th
e
f
if
th
is
a
p
y
r
am
id
s
h
ap
e.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
s
q
u
ar
e
d
-
s
h
ap
es
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
p
y
r
am
id
an
d
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
f
o
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r
co
r
n
er
s
o
f
a
n
im
ag
in
ar
y
s
q
u
ar
e
s
h
ap
e.
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
ese
s
h
ap
es a
r
e
th
e
s
am
e
an
d
ea
c
h
h
as si
d
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
(
SS
SL
).
T
h
e
p
y
r
am
i
d
s
h
ap
e
is
co
m
p
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s
ed
o
f
two
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
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tair
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s
e
s
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es
with
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iv
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s
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s
f
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r
e
ac
h
an
d
a
s
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d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
(
P
SD
)
.
W
ith
a
tr
ian
g
u
lar
s
h
a
p
e
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
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f
th
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p
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r
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m
id
.
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p
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id
h
as
a
b
ase
d
im
en
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io
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f
(
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BW
)
with
to
tal
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t
o
f
(
P
H
)
.
T
h
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
u
p
p
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tr
ian
g
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lar
s
h
a
p
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is
(
T
h
)
an
d
its
b
ase
d
im
en
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io
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is
(
T
BW
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
id
e
-
b
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d
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t
h
an
ten
n
a
o
v
er
Ka
-
B
an
d
h
a
d
f
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
tr
ip
f
ee
d
er
.
T
h
is
f
ee
d
er
h
as
a
len
g
t
h
o
f
(
F
L
)
a
n
d
wid
th
o
f
(
F
W
)
.
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
u
s
ed
a
r
eg
u
lar
g
r
o
u
n
d
with
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
(G
L
)
an
d
(
G
W
)
f
o
r
len
g
th
an
d
wid
th
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
to
p
v
iew
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wid
e
-
b
an
d
wid
th
Ka
-
B
an
d
an
ten
n
a
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
wh
ile
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ar
e
lis
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
o
p
v
iew
o
f
wid
e
-
b
a
n
d
wid
th
p
atc
h
an
ten
n
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
1
1
3
5
-
1
1
4
2
1138
T
ab
le
1
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
N
o
.
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
1
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n
g
t
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f
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u
b
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r
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t
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su
b
L
4
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8
0
0
2
W
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st
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6
.
9
0
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3
H
e
i
g
h
t
o
f
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b
s
t
r
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t
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h
1
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5
7
5
4
Le
n
g
t
h
o
f
p
a
t
c
h
-
L
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2
.
1
0
0
5
Le
n
g
t
h
o
f
p
a
t
c
h
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W
RP
3
.
1
0
0
6
C
o
p
p
e
r
t
h
i
c
k
n
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ss
-
t
0
.
0
3
5
7
S
i
d
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
e
t
c
h
e
d
sq
u
a
r
e
-
sh
a
p
e
-
SS
SL
0
.
2
0
0
8
S
t
a
i
r
c
a
se
st
e
p
si
ze
-
PS
0
.
1
0
0
9
P
y
r
a
mi
d
’
s
b
a
s
e
w
i
d
t
h
-
P
BW
1
.
0
0
0
10
P
y
r
a
mi
d
’
s
h
e
i
g
h
t
-
P
H
0
.
6
0
0
11
Tr
i
a
n
g
l
e
’
s
h
e
i
g
h
t
-
T
h
0
.
1
0
0
12
Tr
i
a
n
g
l
e
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s
b
a
s
e
w
i
d
t
h
-
T
BW
0
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2
0
0
13
F
e
e
d
e
r
l
e
n
g
t
h
-
F
L
1
.
2
0
0
14
F
e
e
d
e
r
w
i
d
t
h
-
F
W
0
.
2
0
0
15
G
r
o
u
n
d
l
e
n
g
t
h
-
G
L
4
.
8
0
0
16
G
r
o
u
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
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G
W
6
.
9
0
0
17
P
y
r
a
mi
d
’
s
s
t
e
p
d
i
m
e
n
si
o
n
0
.
1
0
0
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
as
well
as
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
Ka
-
B
an
d
wid
e
b
an
d
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
s
tep
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
eso
n
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
b
an
d
wid
th
,
g
ain
,
a
n
d
r
ef
lectio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t.
T
h
e
m
ain
s
tep
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
p
atch
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
p
tim
izatio
n
as
a
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
r
ep
r
esen
ts
r
esu
lts
o
f
etch
in
g
f
o
u
r
s
q
u
ar
e
d
-
s
lo
ts
f
r
o
m
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
p
atc
h
an
d
s
tu
d
y
in
g
th
eir
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
an
te
n
n
a’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Af
ter
th
is
s
tep
ad
d
in
g
th
e
p
y
r
am
i
d
s
h
ap
e
ab
o
v
e
th
e
p
atc
h
wh
ich
f
ed
with
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
p
atch
.
Stu
d
y
in
g
a
n
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
p
y
r
am
id
s
s
tep
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
as
well
as
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
p
y
r
am
id
al
s
h
ap
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atc
h
r
ad
iatin
g
ed
g
es
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
th
e
d
esire
d
o
p
e
r
atin
g
b
an
d
with
m
u
c
h
p
o
s
s
ib
le
wid
er
b
an
d
wid
t
h
an
d
g
o
o
d
o
th
er
a
n
ten
n
a
’
s
o
p
er
atio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as g
ain
an
d
S1
1
.
−
Step
_
1
.
T
h
is
s
tep
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
at
c
h
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
p
tim
izatio
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
wid
th
d
ec
r
em
en
tin
g
wh
ich
ca
u
s
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
r
ed
u
ctio
n
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
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u
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2
.
Ka
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d
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atch
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ar
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3
.
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n
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2
with
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4
.
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DIS
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atin
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e
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.
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h
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4
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[
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;
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
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2
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8
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6
I
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Vo
l.
15
,
No
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3
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Sep
tem
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er
20
26
:
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
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atted
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4
.
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a
b
u
lated
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m
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ar
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o
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ed
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te
n
n
a
b
a
n
d
w
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ize
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elativ
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R
e
f
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e
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a
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n
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d
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m
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(
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O
p
e
r
a
t
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n
g
b
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n
d
w
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d
t
h
(
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a
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n
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d
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)
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
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f
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z
e
r
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d
u
c
t
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o
n
(
%)
M
a
r
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o
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k
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
55
×
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×
0
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0
8
1
G
H
z
7
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1
8
9
8
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a
k
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t
a
l
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1
6
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9
8
0
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5
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l
.
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e
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[
2
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1141
DATA AV
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in
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,
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
S
.
N
.
N
a
f
e
a
,
A
.
I
smai
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n
d
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A
.
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b
d
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p
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t
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s,
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Pr
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g
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ss
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El
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Re
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:
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2
5
2
8
/
P
I
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L1
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1
1
2
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0
2
.
[
2
]
S
.
N
.
N
a
f
e
a
,
“
I
mp
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C
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8
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[
3
]
S
.
Y
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l
.
,
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l
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t
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Pr
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1
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5
5
/
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1
.
[
4
]
N
.
B
a
h
a
r
i
,
M
.
F
.
J
a
ml
o
s,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
I
sa,
“
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a
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e
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a
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c
e
m
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t
o
f
m
i
c
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t
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c
c
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d
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t
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r
,
”
Bu
l
l
e
t
i
n
o
f
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s
(
B
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,
v
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l
.
8
,
n
o
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1
,
p
p
.
1
6
6
–
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1
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0
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9
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0
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1
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5
9
1
/
e
e
i
.
v
8
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1
.
1
4
0
9
.
[
5
]
C
.
A
r
o
r
a
,
S
.
S
.
P
a
t
t
n
a
i
k
,
a
n
d
R
.
N
.
B
a
r
a
l
,
“
S
R
R
s
u
p
e
r
st
r
a
t
e
f
o
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g
a
i
n
a
n
d
b
a
n
d
w
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d
t
h
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
o
f
mi
c
r
o
s
t
r
i
p
p
a
t
c
h
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
a
r
r
a
y
,
”
Pr
o
g
ress
I
n
El
e
c
t
ro
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
s
Re
se
a
rc
h
B
,
v
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l
.
7
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
3
–
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,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
5
2
8
/
P
I
ER
B
1
7
0
4
1
4
0
5
.
[
6
]
R
.
D
e
s
h
m
u
k
h
,
D
.
M
a
r
a
t
h
e
,
a
n
d
K
.
D
.
K
u
l
a
t
,
“
M
i
c
r
o
st
r
i
p
p
a
t
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h
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
g
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r
-
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