I
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S In
t
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na
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na
l J
o
urna
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f
Art
if
icia
l In
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ellig
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I
J
-
AI
)
Vo
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ttp
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//ij
a
i
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Lev
erag
ing
artificial intelligenc
e in
educatio
n a
co
mprehens
iv
e
revi
ew of
the
Ara
b
literat
ure
M
o
ha
m
ed
Abdelra
o
uf
E
ls
a
y
ed
1
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T
a
leb Sa
leh A
la
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a
s
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a
c
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c
a
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i
o
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i
n
g
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b
d
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l
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z
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n
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d
d
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h
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nfo
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S
T
RAC
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A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
7
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Ap
r
2
6
,
2
0
2
6
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ep
ted
Ma
y
2
4
,
2
0
2
6
Th
is
d
e
sc
rip
ti
v
e
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
stu
d
y
re
li
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
iew
(S
LR)
a
d
d
re
ss
in
g
th
e
ro
le
o
f
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
(AI)
in
imp
ro
v
i
n
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
m
a
n
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g
e
m
e
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t
a
n
d
d
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li
v
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ry
,
e
m
p
o
we
rin
g
tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
tea
c
h
e
rs,
lea
rn
e
r
lea
rn
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g
,
a
n
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t.
Th
e
S
LR
sa
m
p
le
wa
s
d
e
term
in
e
d
in
1
2
5
a
rti
c
les
fro
m
Al
m
a
n
d
u
m
a
h
a
n
d
S
c
o
p
u
s
d
a
tab
a
se
s.
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e
a
n
a
ly
sis re
su
lt
s
re
v
e
a
led
:
3
9
.
2
%
o
f
a
rti
c
les
we
re
re
late
d
to
t
h
e
S
a
u
d
i
Ara
b
ia
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o
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tex
t,
3
4
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re
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b
li
sh
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in
2
0
2
4
,
a
n
d
6
8
.
8
%
we
re
q
u
a
n
ti
tativ
e
.
Th
e
m
o
st
p
ro
m
in
e
n
t
AI
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
u
se
d
we
re
:
Ch
a
tG
P
T,
Ale
x
a
,
G
ra
m
m
a
rly
,
Du
o
li
n
g
o
,
Ch
a
tb
o
t
,
a
n
d
Co
u
rse
ra
.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
a
lso
s
h
o
we
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
m
o
st
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
w
h
ich
A
I
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
c
a
n
b
e
imp
lem
e
n
ted
we
re
:
e
m
p
o
we
rin
g
tea
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
tea
c
h
e
rs
(6
2
.
4
%
),
a
n
d
imp
ro
v
i
n
g
lea
rn
e
r
lea
rn
in
g
(4
8
.
8
%
)
.
T
h
e
S
LR
a
ls
o
c
a
m
e
u
p
wi
th
so
m
e
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
th
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
a
p
p
li
e
d
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
AI
u
se
in
imp
ro
v
in
g
th
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
.
An
o
p
in
i
o
n
p
o
ll
wa
s
a
p
p
li
e
d
o
n
3
7
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
e
x
p
e
rts
to
i
d
e
n
ti
f
y
t
h
e
ir
a
g
re
e
m
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
o
f
imp
lem
e
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
se
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
in
t
h
e
a
re
a
s
o
f
th
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
we
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
rts'
a
g
re
e
m
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
o
f
imp
lem
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
se
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
in
th
e
a
re
a
s
o
f
th
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
wa
s
v
e
r
y
h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
stu
d
y
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
so
m
e
u
se
fu
l
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s
fo
r
imp
lem
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
se
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dig
ital r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
d
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
E
m
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
er
s
E
n
h
an
cin
g
teac
h
in
g
L
ea
r
n
er
s
’
lear
n
i
n
g
L
ea
r
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
Nar
r
ativ
e
r
ev
iew
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mo
h
am
ed
Ab
d
elr
ao
u
f
E
ls
ay
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Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
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d
u
ca
tio
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al
Fo
u
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s
an
d
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
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,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Su
ltan
Qab
o
o
s
Un
iv
er
s
ity
Mu
s
ca
t,
Om
an
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m
ail:
m
.
elsay
ed
1
@
s
q
u
.
ed
u
.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
c
e
(
AI
)
s
ta
n
d
s
o
u
t
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
wi
th
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
e
v
o
l
u
tio
n
(
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
)
.
I
ts
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
d
iv
er
s
e,
im
p
ac
tin
g
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
ac
ets
o
f
l
if
e,
an
d
it
is
p
o
is
ed
to
r
a
d
ically
alter
th
e
h
u
m
an
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
T
h
is
g
r
o
win
g
in
f
lu
en
ce
is
r
ef
lecte
d
in
co
n
t
em
p
o
r
ar
y
r
esear
ch
,
with
AI
e
m
er
g
in
g
as
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
s
ea
r
ch
ed
ter
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
Ar
ab
wo
r
ld
alo
n
e,
r
ec
en
t
r
ep
o
r
ts
f
r
o
m
Al
m
a
n
d
u
m
a
h
[
1
]
in
d
icate
th
at
AI
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ea
r
c
h
ed
2
5
,
9
1
7
tim
es,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
its
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
elev
a
n
ce
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Or
g
an
izatio
n
f
o
r
E
co
n
o
m
ic
C
o
-
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t,
AI
p
lay
s
a
p
iv
o
tal
r
o
le
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
b
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
m
aj
o
r
s
ec
to
r
s
[
2
]
.
I
t
s
n
ec
ess
ity
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
m
er
ely
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
ch
allen
g
es;
it
en
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
p
lan
n
in
g
,
aim
in
g
to
war
d
a
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
f
u
tu
r
e.
AI
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
to
co
m
p
le
x
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
3
]
an
d
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ca
n
l
ea
r
n
,
r
ea
s
o
n
,
an
d
ad
a
p
t
to
n
ew
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
en
ab
les
AI
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
u
m
an
ac
tiv
ities
in
u
n
p
r
e
ce
d
en
ted
way
s
,
as
well
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
2
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8
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I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
6
:
2
9
8
5
-
2
9
9
8
2986
ex
ce
ed
h
u
m
a
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
in
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
f
ield
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
AI
n
o
t
o
n
ly
c
h
an
g
es
e
x
is
tin
g
p
ar
ad
i
g
m
s
b
u
t
also
o
p
en
s
n
ew
av
en
u
es f
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
4
]
.
I
n
th
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
co
n
te
x
t,
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
av
e
also
r
ad
icall
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
R
ep
o
r
ts
is
s
u
ed
b
y
UNE
SC
O
[
5
]
in
d
icate
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
AI
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
a
u
to
m
atin
g
its
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ativ
e
task
s
,
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ie
s
[
6
]
–
[
1
1
]
h
a
v
e
also
ass
er
ted
th
at
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
e
n
ab
les
n
ew
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
wer
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
u
n
av
ailab
le,
s
u
ch
as
lan
g
u
ag
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
,
lett
er
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
an
d
r
ea
d
in
g
,
s
p
ee
ch
s
y
n
th
esis
,
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
b
ig
d
ata,
b
o
ts
,
r
o
b
o
tics
,
3
D
p
r
in
ter
s
,
th
e
in
te
r
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
,
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
v
ir
t
u
al
r
ea
lity
,
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
,
a
n
d
in
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
2
]
–
[
1
5
]
h
av
e
also
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
elp
o
v
er
co
m
e
m
an
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
h
allen
g
es
b
y
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
t
ea
ch
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
eliv
e
r
y
in
m
o
d
er
n
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
way
s
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
f
er
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
i
n
g
,
p
er
s
o
n
alize
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
to
m
ee
t
in
d
iv
id
u
al
n
ee
d
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
n
ew
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
o
d
els
th
at
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
im
m
ed
iate
tech
n
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
n
d
g
u
i
d
an
ce
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
ed
u
c
atio
n
p
o
s
es
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
th
r
ea
ts
a
n
d
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
s
af
e
a
n
d
eq
u
itab
le
le
ar
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
co
llectio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
d
ata
m
ay
lead
t
o
a
v
i
o
latio
n
o
f
t
h
eir
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
esp
ec
i
ally
if
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
clea
r
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
p
o
licies
o
r
if
it
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
[
1
6
]
–
[
1
8
]
.
AI
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
m
ay
also
r
ef
lect
o
r
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
b
iases
in
c
lu
d
ed
in
th
e
d
ata
,
lead
in
g
to
u
n
f
air
o
r
d
is
cr
im
in
ato
r
y
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ag
ain
s
t
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Ov
er
r
elian
ce
o
n
AI
m
ay
m
ar
g
in
alize
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
h
u
m
an
teac
h
er
s
an
d
r
aise
co
n
c
er
n
s
ab
o
u
t
a
l
o
s
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
is
s
o
m
etim
es
u
n
clea
r
wh
o
b
ea
r
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
wh
en
er
r
o
r
s
o
r
h
a
r
m
r
esu
lt
f
r
o
m
AI
d
ec
is
io
n
s
tak
e
p
lace
,
cr
ea
tin
g
an
ac
co
u
n
tab
ilit
y
g
a
p
[
1
9
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
th
r
ea
t
is
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
AI
.
T
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
en
h
an
ci
n
g
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
t
ea
ch
er
s
,
an
d
estab
lis
h
in
g
clea
r
leg
is
latio
n
an
d
eth
ical
g
u
id
eli
n
es
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
0
]
.
B
ased
o
n
wh
at
was
m
en
tio
n
ed
,
th
e
s
tead
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
AI
r
esear
ch
in
ed
u
c
atio
n
m
ay
r
esu
lt
in
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
in
th
e
r
esu
lts
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
s
im
ilar
r
esear
ch
is
s
u
es.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
m
ak
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
in
lig
h
t
o
f
th
is
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
,
o
n
th
e
o
n
e
h
a
n
d
,
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
ties
to
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
it
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
.
T
o
elim
in
ate
i
n
co
n
s
is
ten
cies
am
o
n
g
s
u
ch
r
esu
lts
,
th
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
(
SLR
)
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
h
elp
s
to
s
y
n
th
esize
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
f
o
r
m
u
late
th
em
in
a
u
n
i
f
ied
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
m
an
n
er
th
at
e
n
ab
les
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
lev
e
r
ag
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
em
in
r
ea
c
h
in
g
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
an
d
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
s
th
at
co
n
f
ir
m
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
an
d
en
ab
le
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
er
s
to
r
ely
o
n
th
em
.
T
h
e
SLR
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
is
m
eth
o
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
,
as
it
r
elie
s
o
n
co
llectin
g
,
s
ca
n
n
in
g
,
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
,
ex
tr
ac
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
r
o
m
a
v
ast
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
at
a
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ield
.
T
h
is
aim
s
to
ex
tr
ap
o
late
u
s
ef
u
l
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
at
d
ata
in
a
m
o
r
e
o
b
jectiv
e,
r
eliab
le,
an
d
d
ep
en
d
ab
le
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
is
also
h
elp
s
to
r
ea
ch
a
g
en
er
al
co
n
clu
s
io
n
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
th
u
s
,
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ec
is
io
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
w
h
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
t
o
a
d
o
p
t
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
ese
s
tu
d
i
es
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
3
]
.
Giv
e
n
th
e
s
ca
r
city
o
f
Ar
ab
liter
atu
r
e
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
f
iel
d
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
Ar
ab
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
liter
atu
r
e
(
SR
AE
L
)
,
th
is
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
ex
tr
ac
t
p
r
ac
tic
es
th
at
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
ar
e
as
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
d
eliv
er
y
,
em
p
o
wer
in
g
tea
ch
in
g
a
n
d
teac
h
er
s
,
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
a
n
s
wer
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
wh
at
ar
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
tr
en
d
s
o
f
th
e
Ar
ab
li
ter
atu
r
e
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
AI
u
s
e
i
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
?
ii
)
wh
at
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
?
iii
)
to
wh
at
ex
ten
t
d
o
es
th
e
SR
AE
L
r
ef
lect
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
AI
p
r
ac
tices
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
ea
s
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
:
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
a
n
d
d
eliv
e
r
y
,
e
m
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
teac
h
e
r
s
,
lear
n
er
lear
n
i
n
g
,
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
ass
ess
m
en
t?
an
d
iv
)
to
wh
at
ex
ten
t
d
o
ac
ad
em
i
c
ex
p
er
ts
ag
r
ee
on
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
AI
p
r
ac
tice
s
in
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
?
2.
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
B
ACK
G
R
O
UND
T
h
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
a
r
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
n
ec
ess
itates
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
AI
in
all
s
o
cieta
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
tly
th
e
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
s
y
s
tem
,
as
it
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
to
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
s
o
cieta
l
p
o
licy
an
d
d
esire
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
o
als.
AI
is
b
ased
o
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
c
ien
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
p
s
y
ch
o
l
o
g
y
,
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
m
ath
e
m
atics,
an
d
lin
g
u
is
tics
.
I
t
cr
ea
tes
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
s
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
s
im
u
latin
g
h
u
m
an
i
n
tellig
en
ce
f
o
r
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
in
tellig
en
t
r
esu
lts
[
2
4
]
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
h
u
m
an
well
-
b
ein
g
[
2
5
]
.
No
t
all
d
ev
ices
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
all
u
n
d
er
th
e
u
m
b
r
ella
o
f
AI
;
r
ath
e
r
,
wh
at
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
lear
n
in
g
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
em
in
n
ew
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
m
an
ag
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
f
in
d
in
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
m
ak
i
n
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
d
is
co
v
er
i
n
g
a
n
d
ap
p
l
y
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
q
u
ick
l
y
to
n
ew
v
ar
iab
les,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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tell
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8
9
3
8
Leve
r
a
g
in
g
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
co
mp
r
eh
e
n
s
ive
…
(
Mo
h
a
med
A
b
d
elra
o
u
f
E
ls
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ye
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)
2987
d
ea
lin
g
with
am
b
ig
u
o
u
s
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itu
at
io
n
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an
d
b
ein
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r
ea
tiv
e
in
u
n
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er
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in
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an
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p
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ce
iv
in
g
v
i
s
ib
le
m
atter
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
at
is
k
n
o
wn
as
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
tak
es
p
lace
in
f
iv
e
s
tag
es:
i)
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
wh
er
e
a
lar
g
e
d
atab
ase
is
s
to
r
e
d
with
in
th
e
A
I
s
o
f
twar
e
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
u
r
ce
s
;
ii)
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
wh
er
e
th
e
AI
s
o
f
twar
e
o
r
g
an
i
ze
s
th
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
o
m
ak
e
it
r
e
ad
y
f
o
r
u
s
e;
iii)
k
n
o
wled
g
e
v
alid
atio
n
,
wh
er
e
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
c
o
n
d
u
cts
test
s
o
n
t
h
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
its
q
u
ality
;
iv
)
in
f
e
r
en
ce
,
wh
er
e
t
h
e
AI
s
o
f
twar
e
in
d
u
cts an
d
d
e
d
u
ce
s
to
b
u
ild
h
ig
h
e
r
lev
els o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
;
an
d
v
)
ex
p
lan
atio
n
a
n
d
ju
s
tific
atio
n
,
wh
er
e
n
ew
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
is
p
r
esen
ted
u
s
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
esen
tatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
[
2
7
]
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
AI
in
th
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
b
ased
o
n
s
ev
er
al
th
eo
r
ies,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
is
t
lear
n
in
g
t
h
eo
r
y
,
wh
ich
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
ass
iv
e
o
p
en
o
n
lin
e
co
u
r
s
es
(
MO
OC
s
)
,
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
an
d
ad
a
p
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
em
p
h
asize
in
d
iv
id
u
ality
an
d
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
lear
n
in
g
[
2
8
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
is
th
eo
r
y
,
th
e
lear
n
er
s
ee
k
s
o
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
b
u
ild
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
ter
n
ally
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
,
p
r
ac
tice,
p
ee
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
v
ia
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
in
d
iv
id
u
al
o
r
ad
a
p
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
,
en
h
a
n
ce
h
u
m
a
n
in
tellig
en
ce
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
h
u
m
a
n
-
m
ac
h
i
n
e
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
[
2
9
]
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
th
eo
r
ies
u
n
d
e
r
l
y
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
i
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
th
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
eter
m
in
is
m
,
wh
ich
em
er
g
e
d
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
alf
o
f
th
e
T
wen
tieth
C
en
tu
r
y
b
y
R
o
g
er
s
.
T
h
is
th
eo
r
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
n
ew
an
d
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
id
ea
s
b
y
s
o
ciety
m
em
b
er
s
with
th
e
aim
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
o
cieta
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
g
o
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
iv
e
s
ta
g
es:
i)
th
e
awa
r
en
ess
s
tag
e
(
k
n
o
wled
g
e
)
,
wh
er
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
a
n
ew
id
ea
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
an
in
v
en
tio
n
an
d
attem
p
t
to
id
en
tify
its
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
;
ii)
th
e
in
te
r
est
s
tag
e
(
co
n
v
ictio
n
)
,
wh
er
e
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
d
ev
elo
p
s
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
r
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
to
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
n
ew
in
n
o
v
atio
n
;
iii)
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
tag
e
(
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
)
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
a
d
o
p
tin
g
o
r
r
ejec
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
n
ew
in
n
o
v
atio
n
;
iv
)
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
s
tag
e
(
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
)
;
an
d
v
)
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
s
tag
e
(
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
)
,
wh
er
e
th
e
u
s
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
n
ew
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
a
f
f
ir
m
s
its
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
r
ap
id
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
W
eb
2
.
0
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
th
e
in
cr
e
asin
g
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
d
ig
ital
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
Geo
r
g
e
Siem
en
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
is
m
th
eo
r
y
i
n
2
0
0
4
as
a
n
ew
lear
n
in
g
p
ar
ad
i
g
m
d
esig
n
ed
to
ex
p
lain
h
o
w
k
n
o
wled
g
e
is
ac
q
u
ir
ed
,
s
h
ar
ed
,
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
a
g
e.
Un
lik
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
th
eo
r
ies
th
at
f
o
cu
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
n
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
co
g
n
iti
v
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
co
n
n
ec
tiv
is
m
v
iews
lear
n
in
g
as
a
n
etwo
r
k
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
wh
ich
k
n
o
wled
g
e
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
p
eo
p
le,
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
o
n
lin
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
th
e
o
r
y
is
b
u
ilt
o
n
eig
h
t
co
r
e
p
r
in
cip
les,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
iv
er
s
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es,
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
a
n
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
o
f
lear
n
in
g
n
etw
o
r
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
t
h
at
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
b
o
th
with
in
a
n
d
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
th
r
o
u
g
h
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
d
atab
ases
,
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
d
i
g
ital
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
ies.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
co
n
n
ec
tiv
is
m
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
lo
ca
te,
ev
alu
ate,
an
d
u
p
d
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
m
o
r
e
v
alu
a
b
le
th
an
m
er
el
y
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
s
tatic
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
g
iv
e
n
th
e
r
ap
id
p
ac
e
at
wh
ich
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
c
h
an
g
es
i
n
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
o
ciety
.
I
t
a
ls
o
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
lear
n
er
’
s
c
ap
ac
ity
to
id
en
tif
y
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
i
d
ea
s
,
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
a
n
d
d
is
cip
lin
es,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
cr
itical
th
i
n
k
in
g
an
d
life
lo
n
g
lear
n
in
g
.
Fro
m
th
is
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e,
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ity
in
its
elf
b
ec
au
s
e
lear
n
er
s
m
u
s
t
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
ev
alu
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
elec
t
r
elev
an
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
an
d
ad
a
p
t
to
em
er
g
i
n
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
in
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
He
n
ce
,
co
n
n
ec
tiv
is
m
t
h
eo
r
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
at
io
n
f
o
r
in
te
g
r
atin
g
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cies
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
b
ased
an
d
d
ig
itally
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
o
cieties
[
3
1
]
.
All
o
f
th
ese
th
eo
r
ies
e
m
p
h
as
ize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
v
esti
n
g
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
ich
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
is
o
lated
f
r
o
m
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
cien
tific
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
o
cieta
l
ch
an
g
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AI
in
to
ed
u
c
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
g
r
ea
test
ch
alle
n
g
es
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
in
n
o
v
ate
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices,
a
n
d
ac
ce
ler
ate
p
r
o
g
r
ess
to
war
d
s
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
goa
l
4
[
3
2
]
.
I
m
p
lem
en
ti
n
g
A
I
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
im
p
ly
m
ea
n
co
n
v
er
tin
g
cu
r
r
ic
u
la
to
web
p
ag
es
o
r
co
m
p
ac
t d
is
cs
(
C
Ds
)
,
b
u
t
r
ath
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
em
in
to
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ac
tiv
ities
in
wh
ich
th
e
lear
n
er
is
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t,
r
esear
ch
er
,
an
d
an
aly
s
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
in
th
ese
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
AI
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
its
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
at
all
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
els,
its
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
its
lo
w
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
ts
,
its
ab
ilit
y
to
en
ab
le
lear
n
e
r
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
its
ab
ilit
y
to
m
a
x
im
ize
in
ter
ac
tiv
ity
,
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
tin
u
ity
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
9
]
.
R
ev
iewin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
AI
u
s
e
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t,
as
it
ca
n
:
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
lear
n
in
g
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
ea
ch
lear
n
e
r
'
s
in
ter
es
ts
,
ten
d
en
cies,
an
d
n
ee
d
s
;
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
lear
n
er
s
an
d
ac
ad
em
i
c
co
n
ten
t
[
3
3
]
; b
u
ild
lear
n
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
ities
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
r
esear
ch
,
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
;
lin
k
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
lab
o
r
m
ar
k
et
[
3
4
]
;
au
to
m
ate
g
r
ad
in
g
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
a
n
d
f
air
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
to
ea
c
h
s
tu
d
en
t
with
g
r
e
ater
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
u
m
a
n
s
u
b
jectiv
ity
[
3
5
]
.
A
d
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
is
a
ls
o
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
b
e
n
ef
ic
ial
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
as
it
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
r
e
m
ar
k
a
b
le
p
r
o
g
r
ess
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
iv
i
d
u
alize
d
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
.
I
t
m
ak
es
n
e
ce
s
s
ar
y
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
ath
s
,
m
ater
ials
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
eso
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r
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
lear
n
er
s
'
n
ee
d
s
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d
i
n
d
iv
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if
f
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ce
s
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
i
d
ea
l
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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T
h
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o
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ly
lim
it
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to
t
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p
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u
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in
ter
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p
r
ef
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ce
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as
well.
T
ea
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ls
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s
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it
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p
r
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v
id
e
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with
f
ee
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ts
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k
e
ep
p
ac
e
with
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
wo
r
ld
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
m
ar
t
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ex
p
er
t
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
d
i
v
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
to
o
ls
th
at
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ci
n
g
o
f
less
o
n
s
with
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
.
Stu
d
en
ts
lear
n
b
y
d
o
in
g
,
an
d
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
lcu
late
th
e
lear
n
er
'
s
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
r
ate
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
tailo
r
ed
to
th
eir
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
6
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
s
m
ar
t
ass
is
tan
t
o
r
v
ir
tu
al
tu
to
r
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
wo
r
k
d
u
r
in
g
s
ch
o
o
l
h
o
u
r
s
,
th
o
s
e
with
lim
ited
m
en
tal
ab
ilit
ie
s
,
o
r
th
o
s
e
wh
o
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
h
y
ab
o
u
t
ask
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
to
th
e
teac
h
er
o
r
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
eir
p
ee
r
s
.
Sm
ar
t
lear
n
in
g
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s
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elp
th
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co
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tin
u
e
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p
ath
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r
eg
a
r
d
less
o
f
th
eir
ab
ilit
ies
o
r
lev
el.
I
n
tellig
en
t
m
u
ltime
d
ia
l
ea
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
also
h
elp
lear
n
er
s
with
d
is
ab
ilit
ies
ad
ap
t
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
ac
q
u
ir
e
life
s
k
ill
s
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
f
f
er
m
u
lt
ip
le
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
(
im
ag
es,
g
r
ap
h
ics,
v
id
eo
s
,
tex
ts
,
s
ig
n
s
,
g
estu
r
es,
an
d
o
t
h
er
s
tim
u
li).
I
n
tellig
en
t le
ar
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
also
m
i
m
ic
th
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
a
s
m
ar
t
teac
h
er
an
d
ac
t
as
an
ex
p
er
t
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
is
ab
ilit
y
f
ield
.
An
in
tellig
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
teac
h
s
u
b
jects,
d
etec
t
an
d
co
r
r
ec
t
s
tu
d
en
t
er
r
o
r
s
,
m
o
d
if
y
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
d
ev
elo
p
s
k
ills
,
tak
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
lear
n
er
s
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
teac
h
er
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
ase
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es to
teac
h
er
s
[
6
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
Ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
tr
ain
e
d
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
ea
r
ly
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
id
e
n
tify
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
ese
n
et
wo
r
k
s
h
elp
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
ass
iv
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
.
AI
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
q
u
ick
ly
an
aly
ze
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
s
ets
an
d
ex
tr
ac
t
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
p
atter
n
s
th
at
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
m
ig
h
t
m
i
s
s
.
T
h
ey
ca
n
also
a
u
to
m
ate
tim
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
task
s
,
s
u
ch
as
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
class
if
icatio
n
,
an
d
an
al
y
s
is
,
to
p
r
e
d
ict
p
o
ten
tial
o
u
tc
o
m
es
an
d
tr
en
d
s
,
an
d
th
en
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
o
d
e
l
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
d
ata
[
3
9
]
–
[
4
1
]
.
I
t
is
clea
r
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
a
l
u
x
u
r
y
;
it
is
a
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
as
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
d
eliv
er
y
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ca
n
u
s
e
b
ig
d
ata
f
r
o
m
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
—
s
u
ch
as
s
tu
d
en
t
ad
m
is
s
io
n
s
d
ata,
tim
etab
les,
atten
d
a
n
ce
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
teac
h
er
s
,
a
n
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
,
s
ch
o
o
l
a
n
d
class
r
o
o
m
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
an
d
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
—
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
with
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
e
y
n
ee
d
to
a
n
aly
ze
lear
n
e
r
s
'
p
er
s
o
n
al
n
ee
d
s
,
g
u
id
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
r
ed
ict
th
eir
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
an
d
f
o
r
m
u
late
p
o
licies
r
elate
d
to
th
e
o
p
tim
al
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
all
lear
n
er
s
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
lear
n
er
lear
n
i
n
g
,
lear
n
er
s
ca
n
en
g
a
g
e
in
lear
n
i
n
g
ac
tiv
ities
,
tr
ac
k
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
en
h
a
n
ce
lear
n
in
g
ef
f
icien
tly
,
an
d
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
eir
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
asp
ir
atio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
tellig
en
t
teac
h
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
Mo
o
d
le
a
n
d
O
p
en
ed
X.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
f
er
ex
em
p
lar
y
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
tr
an
s
f
er
,
s
u
ch
as
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
,
d
if
f
er
en
tiated
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
lear
n
in
g
,
g
u
id
e
d
ex
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
lear
n
i
n
g
,
an
d
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
lear
n
i
n
g
.
T
o
th
is
en
d
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
m
ar
t
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
i
n
m
an
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ield
s
,
s
u
ch
as
Sm
ar
tm
u
s
ic,
AI
T
ea
ch
er
,
Am
az
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
,
Du
o
lin
g
o
,
W
r
iteT
o
L
ea
r
n
,
an
d
R
o
b
o
ts
.
All
o
f
th
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
AI
'
s
in
ter
est
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
h
as
led
it
to
ass
ig
n
a
p
er
s
o
n
al
tu
to
r
to
ea
ch
lear
n
er
f
o
r
lo
n
g
life
“a
s
m
ar
t
lear
n
in
g
c
o
m
p
an
io
n
”
,
wh
o
p
r
o
v
id
es
o
n
g
o
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
lear
n
e
r
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
in
ter
ests
,
g
o
als,
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
lea
r
n
in
g
p
ath
s
[
4
4
]
–
[
4
6
]
.
T
o
em
p
o
wer
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
te
ac
h
er
s
,
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
h
elp
teac
h
er
s
r
ed
u
ce
th
eir
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
b
y
au
to
m
atin
g
task
s
s
u
ch
as
as
s
e
s
s
m
en
t,
p
lag
iar
is
m
d
etec
tio
n
,
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
o
le
ar
n
er
s
.
T
h
is
will,
o
f
co
u
r
s
e,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
teac
h
er
s
'
r
o
les
an
d
m
ak
e
th
em
k
ee
p
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
w
th
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
n
ew
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
th
at
en
ab
le
th
em
to
wo
r
k
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
with
AI
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
s
o
m
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
—
d
u
e
to
teac
h
e
r
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es
—
h
av
e
u
s
ed
th
e
d
u
al
-
teac
h
er
m
o
d
el
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
teac
h
in
g
ass
is
tan
ts
to
r
eliev
e
teac
h
er
s
o
f
tim
e
-
c
o
n
s
u
m
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
[
1
0
]
,
[
4
7
]
.
T
o
ass
es
s
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
AI
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ass
es
s
m
en
t
p
r
ac
tices.
I
t
u
s
es
f
ac
ial
an
d
v
o
ice
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
k
ey
b
o
a
r
d
d
y
n
am
ics,
an
d
tex
t
an
aly
s
is
to
v
er
if
y
ca
n
d
id
ates
in
r
em
o
te
ex
am
s
.
AI
also
en
ab
les
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
test
in
g
in
h
i
g
h
-
s
tak
es
d
is
cip
lin
e
s
,
cr
ea
tes
m
u
ltip
le
alter
n
ativ
es
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ass
es
s
m
en
t,
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
s
lear
n
er
s
'
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
s
k
ills
[
1
0
]
.
Giv
en
th
e
g
lo
b
al
in
ter
est
in
i
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
AI
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
er
v
es
as
an
SR
AE
L
,
aim
in
g
to
id
en
tify
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
a
n
o
v
el
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
co
n
tex
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
s
y
n
th
esis
o
f
Ar
ab
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
o
v
in
g
b
ey
o
n
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
m
ap
p
in
g
to
war
d
cr
itical
an
aly
s
is
o
f
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical,
ep
is
tem
ic,
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
Un
lik
e
g
lo
b
al
r
e
v
iews
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
W
ester
n
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es,
it
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
r
e
g
io
n
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
atter
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
ce
o
f
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
l
im
ited
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
an
d
em
er
g
in
g
eth
ical
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
u
r
th
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
in
teg
r
ati
v
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
co
n
n
ec
ts
r
esear
ch
p
r
ac
tices,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
e
th
ical
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
a
n
d
s
ca
lab
le
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
Leve
r
a
g
in
g
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
co
mp
r
eh
e
n
s
ive
…
(
Mo
h
a
med
A
b
d
elra
o
u
f
E
ls
a
ye
d
)
2989
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
g
u
id
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
e
f
er
r
ed
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
item
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
an
d
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
es
(
PR
I
SMA
)
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
to
en
s
u
r
e
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
,
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
r
ig
o
r
in
id
e
n
t
if
y
in
g
an
d
a
n
aly
zin
g
r
ele
v
an
t
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
with
in
Ar
ab
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
f
o
u
r
k
ey
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
d
o
m
ain
s
:
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
an
d
d
eliv
e
r
y
,
em
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
teac
h
er
s
,
lear
n
er
lear
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
r
eq
u
ir
es
r
ea
d
in
g
th
e
co
llected
liter
atu
r
e,
an
aly
zin
g
its
co
n
ten
t
in
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
p
r
ec
is
e
m
an
n
er
,
m
in
in
g
its
d
ata,
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
tr
en
d
s
,
th
eir
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
th
en
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
e
-
d
ef
in
e
d
o
b
jectiv
es
[
4
8
]
.
3
.
1
.
Sea
rc
h
s
t
ra
t
eg
y
a
nd
da
t
a
s
o
urce
s
(
identif
ica
t
io
n sta
g
e)
A
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
ea
r
ch
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
ac
r
o
s
s
two
m
aj
o
r
d
atab
ases
:
Al
m
an
d
u
m
ah
(
f
o
r
Ar
a
b
ic
liter
atu
r
e)
an
d
Sco
p
u
s
(
f
o
r
in
te
r
n
atio
n
al
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
)
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
co
m
b
in
e
d
th
e
f
o
l
lo
win
g
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
:
“
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
”
AN
D/OR
“
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”
AND/O
R
“
lear
n
in
g
”
AND/O
R
“
te
ac
h
in
g
”
AND/OR
“
ass
es
s
m
en
t
”
AND/O
R
“
m
an
ag
em
en
t
”.
Fo
r
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
th
e
ter
m
“Ar
ab
”
was
ad
d
itio
n
ally
in
clu
d
e
d
to
r
estrict
r
esu
lts
to
s
tu
d
ies
c
o
n
d
u
cted
with
in
Ar
a
b
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
was
lim
ited
t
o
:
p
e
er
-
r
ev
iewe
d
jo
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles,
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
an
d
2
0
2
4
,
an
d
ar
ticles
av
ailab
le
in
f
u
ll
tex
t.
T
h
is
in
itial
s
ea
r
ch
y
ield
ed
5
9
2
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
4
6
4
Ar
ab
ic
ar
ticles (
Al
m
an
d
u
m
a
h
)
a
n
d
1
2
8
E
n
g
lis
h
ar
ticles (
Sco
p
u
s
)
.
3
.
2
.
Scre
ening
a
nd
elig
ibi
lity
cr
it
er
ia
Fo
r
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia,
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
i
n
clu
d
ed
if
th
ey
wer
e:
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
AI
u
s
e
i
n
at
least
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
p
r
e
d
ef
in
e
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
,
co
n
d
u
cted
with
in
an
Ar
ab
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
t,
e
m
p
ir
ical
o
r
ap
p
lied
s
tu
d
ies,
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
p
ee
r
-
r
ev
i
ewe
d
jo
u
r
n
als,
o
r
/an
d
av
ailab
l
e
in
f
u
ll
tex
t.
W
h
ile
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
co
m
p
r
is
ed
s
tu
d
ies
th
at:
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
ar
ea
s
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
f
o
u
r
d
o
m
ain
s
(
e.
g
.
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
en
t)
,
ad
d
r
ess
ed
AI
as
a
s
u
b
ject
o
f
teac
h
in
g
r
ath
er
t
h
an
a
to
o
l,
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
teac
h
er
s
o
r
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
.
Stu
d
ies
wer
e
al
s
o
ex
clu
d
ed
if
th
ey
wer
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
ie
ws
o
r
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
p
ap
er
s
,
o
r
/
an
d
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
Ar
ab
c
o
n
tex
t (
e
v
en
if
au
th
o
r
s
wer
e
af
f
iliated
with
Ar
ab
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
)
.
3
.
3
.
Study
s
elec
t
io
n pro
ce
s
s
(
P
RIS
M
A
f
lo
w
)
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
PR
I
SMA
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
an
d
p
r
o
c
ee
d
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
u
r
s
tag
es:
i)
I
d
en
tific
atio
n
:
a
to
tal
o
f
5
9
2
r
e
co
r
d
s
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
atab
ase
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
.
ii)
Scr
ee
n
in
g
:
af
te
r
r
e
m
o
v
in
g
1
0
5
d
u
p
licate
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
4
8
7
s
t
u
d
ies
r
em
ain
e
d
.
T
itles
a
n
d
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
wer
e
s
cr
ee
n
ed
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
th
e
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
2
8
3
s
tu
d
ies th
at
d
id
n
o
t a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
tar
g
ete
d
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
.
iii)
E
lig
ib
ilit
y
:
th
e
r
em
ai
n
in
g
2
0
4
ar
ticles
wer
e
ass
ess
ed
f
o
r
f
u
ll
-
tex
t
elig
ib
ilit
y
.
At
th
is
s
tag
e,
7
9
a
r
ticles
wer
e
ex
clu
d
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
wi
n
g
r
ea
s
o
n
s
:
ir
r
elev
an
t
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
f
o
cu
s
,
n
o
n
-
Ar
a
b
c
o
n
tex
t
d
esp
ite
Ar
ab
af
f
iliatio
n
,
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
AI
as a
s
u
b
ject
r
ath
er
th
a
n
a
to
o
l,
o
r
/an
d
b
ein
g
r
e
v
iew
s
tu
d
ies
.
iv
)
I
n
clu
s
io
n
:
af
ter
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
all
i
n
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
i
a,
th
e
f
in
al
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
1
2
5
s
tu
d
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
7
4
Ar
a
b
ic
s
tu
d
ies an
d
5
1
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n
g
lis
h
s
tu
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ies
.
T
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e
co
m
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lete
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
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illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
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iag
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Fig
u
r
e
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PR
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f
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iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
a
r
ticle
s
elec
tio
n
p
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o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
f
in
al
an
aly
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is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
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-
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9
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I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
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tell
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
6
:
2
9
8
5
-
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9
9
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2990
3
.
4
.
Da
t
a
e
x
t
ra
ct
i
o
n a
nd
co
din
g
pro
ce
du
re
s
A
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
d
ata
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
co
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
aly
ze
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
aim
ed
to
id
en
tify
AI
-
r
elate
d
p
r
ac
tices
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
:
ex
t
r
ac
tin
g
r
elev
an
t
p
r
ac
ti
ce
s
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
s
tu
d
y
,
class
if
y
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
in
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
d
o
m
ain
s
,
co
d
i
n
g
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
d
ata
u
s
in
g
Mi
cr
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l,
an
d
co
d
in
g
ca
te
g
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
co
d
i
n
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
i
n
clu
d
ed
:
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
d
o
m
ain
(
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
t
ea
ch
in
g
,
lear
n
i
n
g
,
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t)
,
t
y
p
e
o
f
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
,
r
e
p
o
r
ted
o
u
tco
m
e
s
o
r
im
p
ac
ts
,
an
d
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
3
.
5
.
Relia
bil
it
y
o
f
co
din
g
(
in
t
er
-
ra
t
er
re
lia
bil
it
y
)
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
co
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
twice
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
with
a
th
r
ee
-
wee
k
in
ter
v
al
b
etwe
en
co
d
in
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
I
n
ter
-
co
d
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
was
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
Ho
ls
ti’s
f
o
r
m
u
la
,
as in
(
1
)
.
=
2
1
+
2
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
is
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
ts
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
c
o
d
in
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
1
an
d
2
is
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
d
ed
u
n
its
in
ea
ch
r
o
u
n
d
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
y
ield
ed
a
r
eliab
ilit
y
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
1
.
0
0
(
1
0
0
%),
in
d
icatin
g
p
er
f
ec
t
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
co
d
in
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
3
.
6
.
E
x
pert
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n (
s
up
p
lem
ent
a
ry
da
t
a
s
o
urce
)
T
o
co
m
p
lem
en
t
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
i
v
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
3
7
Ar
ab
ac
ad
e
m
ics
wa
s
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
to
ass
ess
th
eir
lev
el
o
f
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
r
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
a
n
d
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
AI
p
r
ac
tices
id
en
tifie
d
in
th
e
r
ev
iew.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
in
clu
d
ed
:
2
2
ac
ad
e
m
ics
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
E
g
y
p
tian
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
7
ac
ad
em
ics
f
r
o
m
s
ix
Sau
d
i
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
7
ac
ad
em
ics
f
r
o
m
Su
ltan
Qab
o
o
s
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
Om
an
)
,
an
d
1
ac
ad
em
ic
f
r
o
m
Qata
r
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
d
esig
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
ai
m
ed
to
v
alid
ate
th
eir
p
er
ce
iv
ed
r
elev
an
ce
in
r
ea
l e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
x
ts
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Ans
wer
ing
t
he
f
irst
qu
estio
n:
wha
t
a
re
t
he
re
s
ea
rc
h
t
re
nd
s
o
f
t
he
Ara
b
lite
ra
t
ur
e
t
ha
t
a
dd
re
s
s
AI
us
e
in t
he
ed
uca
t
io
na
l pro
ce
s
s
?
T
h
e
SR
AE
L
r
ev
ea
led
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
to
th
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical,
p
er
io
d
ical,
an
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
tex
t.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
tex
t,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
Kin
g
d
o
m
o
f
Sau
d
i
Ar
a
b
ia
is
th
e
Ar
ab
co
u
n
tr
y
th
at
c
o
n
d
u
cted
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
AI
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
with
4
9
ar
ticles,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
3
9
.
2
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
t
icles.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
s
ev
e
r
al
ar
ea
s
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
f
wh
ich
was
th
e
f
ield
o
f
“e
m
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
in
g
an
d
te
ac
h
er
s
”,
wh
ich
was
r
ep
ea
ted
4
1
tim
es.
T
h
is
was
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
f
ield
o
f
“lea
r
n
er
lear
n
in
g
”
,
wh
ich
was
r
ep
ea
ted
1
7
tim
es,
an
d
th
en
th
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
“e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
d
eliv
er
y
”,
a
n
d
“lea
r
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t”
,
with
th
r
ee
r
ep
etitio
n
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
n
e.
E
g
y
p
t
ca
m
e
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
a
n
k
with
2
5
ar
ticles,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
2
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
to
tal
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le.
T
h
ese
ar
ticles
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
“lea
r
n
er
lear
n
in
g
”,
“e
m
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
teac
h
er
s
”,
“lea
r
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t”,
an
d
“e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
d
eliv
er
y
”,
with
r
e
p
etitio
n
s
o
f
2
1
,
1
4
,
9
,
a
n
d
7
tim
es,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
Ar
ab
co
u
n
tr
ies ar
e
m
o
v
in
g
to
war
d
s
lev
er
ag
in
g
f
o
u
r
th
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
—
s
u
ch
as
cy
b
er
s
y
s
tem
s
,
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
AI
,
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
,
n
an
o
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
3
D
p
r
in
tin
g
,
a
n
d
a
d
v
an
ce
d
r
o
b
o
tics
—
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
o
f
t,
d
ig
ital
,
an
d
life
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
lear
n
er
s
an
d
teac
h
e
r
s
,
en
ab
lin
g
th
em
to
ad
a
p
t
to
th
e
4
G
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
5
0
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
liter
atu
r
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
s
k
ills
s
u
ch
as
d
ig
ital
f
l
u
e
n
cy
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
liter
ac
y
,
c
r
itical
th
in
k
in
g
,
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
g
lo
b
al
co
m
p
et
en
ce
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
t
o
lev
er
ag
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
ch
an
g
es
in
f
u
tu
r
e
s
o
cie
ty
,
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
s
h
ip
,
d
ig
ital
citizen
s
h
ip
,
lead
er
s
h
ip
s
k
ills
,
wo
r
k
in
g
in
v
ir
t
u
al
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
wo
r
k
u
n
d
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
an
d
en
tr
ep
r
en
e
u
r
ial
th
in
k
in
g
to
d
is
co
v
er
an
d
ca
p
italize
o
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
s
p
ec
ia
lized
co
g
n
itiv
e
an
d
s
k
ill
-
b
ased
s
k
ills
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
ill
u
s
tr
ates
r
an
k
in
g
th
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
i
ca
l
co
n
tex
ts
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
SR
AE
L
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
p
er
io
d
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le,
1
7
ar
ticles
wer
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
2
0
2
0
,
2
4
o
n
es
in
2
0
2
1
,
2
2
in
2
0
2
2
,
1
9
in
2
0
2
3
,
an
d
4
3
in
2
0
2
4
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
n
o
v
elt
y
o
f
th
is
f
ield
.
R
ec
en
tly
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
ar
ticles
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
2
0
2
4
also
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
g
r
ea
test
f
o
cu
s
was
o
n
“e
m
p
o
we
r
in
g
te
ac
h
in
g
a
n
d
teac
h
e
r
s
”.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
em
p
o
wer
teac
h
er
s
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
im
in
is
h
th
e
ir
r
o
les;
r
ath
er
,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
em
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
eir
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
an
d
ac
q
u
ir
e
n
ew
s
k
ills
th
at
k
ee
p
p
ac
e
wit
h
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
.
E
n
h
an
cin
g
s
m
ar
t
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
teac
h
in
g
also
r
eq
u
ir
es
ex
p
ec
tin
g
n
ew
task
s
an
d
r
o
les
r
e
lated
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
teac
h
er
s
’
co
m
p
eten
cies
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
eir
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
g
r
o
wth
.
T
h
is
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
o
cu
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
i
n
th
is
f
ield
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
an
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
p
er
i
o
d
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
SR
AE
L
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
Leve
r
a
g
in
g
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
co
mp
r
eh
e
n
s
ive
…
(
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h
a
med
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o
u
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2991
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
AI
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
co
n
tex
t
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
AI
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
p
u
b
licatio
n
p
er
io
d
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
in
clu
d
ed
s
tu
d
ies
r
ev
ea
le
d
a
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
im
b
alan
ce
i
n
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Qu
an
titat
iv
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
d
o
m
in
ate
d
th
e
co
r
p
u
s
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
6
8
.
8
%
o
f
s
tu
d
ies,
wh
ich
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
tly
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
d
esig
n
s
u
tili
zin
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
s
ca
les,
an
d
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
ass
ess
m
en
ts
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
r
ep
r
esen
ted
3
1
.
2
%
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
co
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
,
n
ar
r
ativ
e
in
q
u
ir
y
,
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tar
y
a
n
aly
s
is
,
an
d
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
s
u
r
v
ey
s
,
al
o
n
g
s
i
d
e
a
m
o
d
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
eo
r
y
-
d
r
iv
en
s
tu
d
ies
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
i
n
d
u
ctiv
e
r
ea
s
o
n
in
g
.
W
h
ile
th
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
f
ield
'
s
em
p
h
asis
o
n
q
u
an
titativ
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
s
tatis
tical
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
,
it
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
r
ev
ea
ls
a
cr
itical
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
lim
itatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
o
n
d
er
a
n
ce
o
f
q
u
an
t
itativ
e
r
esear
ch
r
is
k
s
p
r
iv
ileg
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
v
a
r
iab
les,
s
u
ch
as
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es,
an
d
attitu
d
in
al
s
h
if
ts
,
at
th
e
ex
p
en
s
e
o
f
a
n
u
an
ce
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
co
n
tex
t
u
al,
cu
ltu
r
al,
a
n
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
at
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
s
h
a
p
e
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
No
tab
ly
,
th
e
r
estricte
d
ap
p
lic
atio
n
o
f
q
u
alitativ
e
in
q
u
ir
y
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
s
th
e
f
ield
'
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
elu
cid
ate
h
o
w
an
d
wh
y
AI
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
in
t
er
p
r
etatio
n
,
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
u
n
f
o
l
d
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
Ar
ab
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
m
a
y
o
b
s
cu
r
e
cr
itical
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
d
y
n
am
ics,
eth
ical
im
p
licatio
n
s
,
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
ed
iate
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
co
n
s
p
icu
o
u
s
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
m
ix
e
d
-
m
eth
o
d
s
r
esear
ch
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
lacu
n
a
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
.
Mix
e
d
-
m
et
h
o
d
s
d
esig
n
s
wo
u
ld
s
y
n
th
esiz
e
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
r
ig
o
r
with
q
u
alitativ
e
r
ich
n
ess
,
en
ab
lin
g
a
tr
ian
g
u
lated
,
an
d
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
eir
m
in
im
al
p
r
esen
ce
s
u
g
g
ests
a
f
r
ag
m
en
tatio
n
in
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
,
u
n
d
e
r
m
in
in
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
v
id
en
ce
th
at
is
b
o
th
g
e
n
er
aliza
b
le
a
n
d
co
n
tex
tu
ally
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
3
8
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
6
:
2
9
8
5
-
2
9
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8
2992
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
AI
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
r
esear
c
h
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
4
.
2
.
A
n
s
w
e
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
nd
qu
e
s
t
i
o
n
:
wh
a
t
a
r
e
t
h
e
mo
s
t
p
r
o
mi
n
en
t
AI
a
pp
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
pr
o
c
e
s
s
?
T
h
e
SR
AE
L
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
er
e
is
s
ev
er
al
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wer
e
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
“
lear
n
er
lear
n
i
n
g
”
a
n
d
“e
m
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
in
g
an
d
teac
h
er
s
”
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
b
u
t
th
e
f
ewe
s
t
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
en
h
an
ce
b
o
th
“lea
r
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t”
an
d
“e
m
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
teac
h
er
s
”
p
r
o
c
ess
es.
Fig
u
r
e
5
in
d
icate
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
AI
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
o
f
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
4
.
3
.
A
n
s
w
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
ir
d
q
ue
s
t
i
o
n
:
t
o
wh
a
t
e
x
t
e
n
t
d
o
es
t
h
e
S
RAE
L
re
f
l
e
c
t
t
he
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
o
f
i
mp
l
e
me
n
t
in
g
A
I
pr
a
c
t
i
c
es
in
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
du
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
ess
?
T
h
e
SR
AE
L
also
r
e
v
ea
led
t
h
a
t
AI
p
la
y
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
f
o
u
r
a
r
ea
s
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
g
r
ea
test
in
ter
est
was
in
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
“e
m
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
i
n
g
an
d
teac
h
er
s
”,
wh
er
e
th
is
a
r
ea
was
as
s
er
ted
in
7
8
o
f
th
e
1
2
5
ar
ticles.
T
h
is
wa
s
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
“lea
r
n
er
lear
n
i
n
g
”,
w
h
ich
was
r
e
p
e
ated
6
1
tim
es,
th
en
“lea
r
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t”
was
r
ep
ea
ted
1
8
tim
es,
an
d
at
last
,
“e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
d
eliv
er
y
”
was
r
ep
ea
te
d
1
1
tim
es.
Fig
u
r
e
6
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
ese
f
o
u
r
a
r
ea
s
g
r
ap
h
ically
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ar
tif
I
n
tell
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
9
3
8
Leve
r
a
g
in
g
a
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
co
mp
r
eh
e
n
s
ive
…
(
Mo
h
a
med
A
b
d
elra
o
u
f
E
ls
a
ye
d
)
2993
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
AI
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
ea
s
T
h
is
r
an
k
in
g
m
ay
r
ef
lect
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
p
r
im
ar
ily
tar
g
et
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
co
m
p
eten
cies;
i.e
.
,
teac
h
er
s
an
d
lear
n
e
r
s
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es,
an
d
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
.
Fin
ally
co
m
es
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
task
s
.
I
n
d
etail,
th
e
SR
AE
L
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
at
AI
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
p
o
s
itiv
ely
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
a
r
ea
s
o
f
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
ac
tices:
–
I
n
d
iv
id
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
o
r
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
:
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
e
a
ch
s
tu
d
en
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
ee
t
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
b
y
an
aly
z
in
g
d
ata
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
th
eir
lea
r
n
in
g
s
ty
les an
d
lev
els.
–
I
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
:
teac
h
er
s
ca
n
u
s
e
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
way
th
e
y
d
esig
n
,
d
eliv
er
,
an
d
p
r
esen
t
less
o
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
allo
ca
tin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
g
u
id
an
ce
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
d
eliv
er
in
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
ts
,
an
d
an
aly
zin
g
d
at
a
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
–
Pre
d
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
:
s
m
ar
t
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
en
h
an
ce
d
ata
an
a
ly
s
is
an
d
p
r
ed
ict
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
f
ail.
T
h
ese
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
an
aly
tics
ca
n
h
elp
teac
h
e
r
s
id
en
tify
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
ac
in
g
lea
r
n
i
n
g
ch
allen
g
es
ea
r
lier
an
d
th
e
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
em
to
s
u
cc
ee
d
.
–
Facilitatin
g
co
n
ten
t
p
r
esen
tat
io
n
:
AI
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
an
al
y
ze
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
b
i
g
d
ata
q
u
ick
ly
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ately
.
T
h
is
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
h
elp
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
s
tr
u
g
g
le
t
o
r
ea
d
o
r
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
lo
n
g
co
n
ten
t
cr
ea
te
co
n
d
en
s
ed
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
less
o
n
s
th
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
co
n
cise a
n
d
q
u
ick
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
–
Sm
ar
t
co
n
ten
t
cr
ea
tio
n
:
AI
t
o
o
ls
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
s
m
ar
t
co
n
ten
t
f
r
o
m
d
i
g
ital
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
d
i
g
ital le
ar
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
with
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
f
e
atu
r
es a
n
d
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
o
p
tio
n
s
.
–
Data
an
al
y
s
is
:
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
an
aly
ze
s
ch
o
o
ls
’
d
ata
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
g
u
id
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
ey
ca
n
also
an
aly
ze
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
id
e
n
tify
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ap
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
g
u
id
an
ce
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
–
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
task
au
to
m
atio
n
:
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
im
p
lem
en
t
an
d
m
a
n
ag
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
task
s
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
au
to
m
atica
lly
an
d
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
ly
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e,
s
m
ar
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
to
au
to
m
ate
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
s
u
ch
as
les
s
o
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
s
tu
d
en
t
ass
ess
m
en
t,
r
ep
o
r
t
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
atten
d
an
ce
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t,
o
r
g
an
izin
g
s
ch
o
o
l
ev
e
n
ts
,
an
d
o
th
er
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
ac
tiv
ities
.
–
Feed
b
ac
k
:
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
r
c
h
an
g
e
t
h
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es
b
ased
o
n
im
m
ed
iate
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
t
h
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
u
s
h
elp
an
aly
ze
s
tu
d
e
n
t
r
es
u
lts
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
g
u
id
an
ce
to
h
elp
th
em
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
an
d
en
h
an
c
e
th
eir
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
b
jects.
–
B
r
id
g
in
g
th
e
s
k
ills
g
ap
:
it
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
k
ills
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
b
y
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
em
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
is
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
h
o
w
p
eo
p
le
ac
q
u
ir
e
s
k
ills
.
On
ce
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ad
ap
ts
to
h
u
m
a
n
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
in
g
an
d
lea
r
n
in
g
,
it a
u
to
m
a
tes th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
–
Au
to
m
ated
g
r
ad
in
g
:
AI
ac
cu
r
ately
an
d
e
f
f
icien
tly
g
r
ad
es
es
s
ay
s
,
test
s
,
an
d
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
,
s
av
in
g
teac
h
e
r
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t tim
e.
–
Au
to
m
ated
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
:
s
m
ar
t
lear
n
i
n
g
to
o
ls
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
etailed
r
e
p
o
r
ts
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
an
d
tip
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Au
g
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2
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2994
–
T
est
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
:
t
ea
ch
e
r
s
ca
n
u
s
e
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
test
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
ass
ig
n
m
en
ts
,
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
ex
er
cises
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
also
h
elp
an
aly
ze
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata
an
d
th
en
d
eliv
e
r
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
o
r
cu
s
to
m
ized
test
s
th
at
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
ev
elo
p
th
eir
s
k
ills
.
–
Pro
v
id
in
g
s
ec
u
r
e
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
:
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
cr
ea
ted
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
an
y
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
s
to
r
ed
d
ata
with
o
u
t
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
,
th
u
s
lim
itin
g
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
o
n
es
to
ac
ce
s
s
to
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
ata,
s
u
ch
as g
r
ad
es.
–
E
x
am
ch
ea
tin
g
d
etec
tio
n
:
ch
e
atin
g
d
u
r
in
g
ex
am
s
ca
n
b
e
p
r
e
v
en
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ac
ial
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
o
r
v
o
ice
an
aly
s
is
s
o
f
twar
e,
wh
ich
v
er
if
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
id
en
titi
es a
n
d
d
etec
t su
s
p
icio
u
s
b
eh
av
io
r
d
u
r
in
g
ex
am
s
.
–
C
ar
ee
r
g
u
id
an
ce
;
AI
a
p
p
licat
io
n
s
an
aly
ze
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
d
ata
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
tu
d
en
t
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
g
u
id
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
ei
r
in
ter
e
s
ts
,
ab
ilit
ie
s
,
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
g
o
als.
Sch
o
o
ls
u
s
e
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
tu
d
e
n
t,
h
elp
i
n
g
th
em
m
a
k
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
m
ajo
r
s
an
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
c
ar
ee
r
p
ath
s
.
–
S
o
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
u
n
s
el
l
in
g
:
u
s
i
n
g
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
'
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
ca
n
b
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
te
l
y
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
i
n
r
e
a
l
t
i
m
e
.
T
h
es
e
a
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
ca
n
a
ls
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
m
a
y
b
e
ex
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
i
n
g
s
o
c
i
o
-
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
al
an
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
ic
u
l
t
i
es
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ac
tices
,
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
th
e
SR
AE
L
,
as
s
er
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
AI
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
ea
s
b
y
a
u
to
m
atin
g
s
im
p
le
task
s
an
d
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
cr
ea
tin
g
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
th
at
en
ab
les
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
to
lev
e
r
ag
e
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
“e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t
a
n
d
d
eliv
er
y
”,
“e
m
p
o
wer
in
g
teac
h
in
g
an
d
teac
h
er
s
”,
“lea
r
n
e
r
lear
n
i
n
g
”,
an
d
“lea
r
n
in
g
ass
es
s
m
en
t”.
T
h
e
SR
AE
L
al
s
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
AI
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
h
ig
h
-
q
u
al
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
ass
is
ts
in
v
ar
io
u
s
m
atter
s
wit
h
o
u
t
co
m
p
letely
elim
in
atin
g
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
teac
h
er
s
.
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
till
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
u
m
a
n
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
.
W
h
ile
th
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
will
ch
an
g
e
m
a
n
y
r
o
les,
th
ey
will
also
lead
to
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
n
ew
r
o
les
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
en
h
a
n
cin
g
teac
h
er
s
'
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
lear
n
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
.
T
h
is
f
o
s
ter
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Fig
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r
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7
p
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T
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e
d
u
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l p
r
o
ce
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.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Aca
d
e
m
ics’
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
AI
a
p
p
licatio
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s
ac
r
o
s
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
ea
s
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