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p
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A
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y
e
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-
So
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Facu
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in
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g
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I
n
d
u
s
tr
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Un
iv
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s
ity
o
f
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h
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in
h
C
ity
1
2
Ng
u
y
en
Van
B
ao
,
Han
h
T
h
o
n
g
W
ar
d
,
H
o
C
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C
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Vietn
am
E
m
ail:
n
g
u
y
e
n
s
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lam
@
iu
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ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
co
m
e
in
e
q
u
ality
r
e
m
ain
s
a
p
er
s
is
ten
t
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
c
h
allen
g
e
in
Vietn
am
,
d
esp
ite
r
em
ar
k
ab
le
p
r
o
g
r
ess
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p
o
v
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ty
r
ed
u
ctio
n
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
o
wth
[
1
]
.
Sig
n
if
ican
t
r
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g
io
n
al
d
is
p
ar
ities
ar
is
e
f
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tal
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s
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ch
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[
2
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.
Vietn
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co
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s
ev
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k
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d
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ce
d
,
r
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i
o
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n
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is
.
T
h
e
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i
co
ef
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a
s
t
an
d
ar
d
m
ea
s
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r
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o
f
in
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ality
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as
s
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o
wn
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elativ
e
s
tab
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y
n
atio
n
ally
in
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ec
e
n
t
y
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r
s
[
3
]
.
W
h
ile
p
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s
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ies
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ts
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k
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al
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g
en
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wh
ich
lim
its
th
e
id
en
tific
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n
o
f
lo
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lized
d
r
iv
er
s
an
d
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
tar
g
eted
p
o
licies.
T
r
ad
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al
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
els
o
f
ten
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ail
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ca
p
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co
m
p
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o
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ar
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ter
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f
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F
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eq
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in
V
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5
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
ev
en
r
eg
io
n
s
,
p
r
o
jectin
g
m
o
d
est
co
n
tin
u
ed
ch
an
g
es
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
r
ec
en
t
n
atio
n
al
tr
en
d
s
;
ii
)
to
elu
cid
ate
th
e
r
o
l
es
o
f
k
ey
d
r
iv
e
r
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
m
o
n
th
ly
p
e
r
ca
p
ita
in
co
m
e
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
im
p
le
h
o
u
s
in
g
;
a
n
d
iii
)
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
tailo
r
ed
r
e
g
io
n
al
p
o
licy
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
.
Am
id
o
n
g
o
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
li
k
e
p
o
s
t
-
p
a
n
d
em
ic
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
an
d
clim
ate
im
p
ac
ts
,
th
is
r
e
g
io
n
alize
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
tim
ely
s
cien
tific
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
e
q
u
itab
le
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies in
Vietn
am
.
I
n
co
m
e
in
e
q
u
ality
is
a
ce
n
tr
al
is
s
u
e
in
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
an
d
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
Vietn
am
,
wh
er
e
u
r
b
an
-
r
u
r
al
d
is
p
ar
ities
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
lex
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
u
r
b
an
izatio
n
,
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
,
ed
u
c
atio
n
,
h
o
u
s
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
[
5
]
.
S
tu
d
ies
in
C
h
in
a
an
d
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Asi
a
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
h
o
w
u
r
b
an
izatio
n
an
d
in
v
estme
n
ts
in
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
r
e
d
u
ce
u
r
b
a
n
-
r
u
r
al
in
co
m
e
g
ap
s
in
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
r
eg
io
n
s
,
wh
ile
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
ar
r
ier
s
lik
e
lim
ited
s
er
v
ices
ex
ac
er
b
ate
d
is
p
ar
i
ties
elsewh
er
e
[
6
]
.
Mu
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
in
eq
u
ality
r
esear
ch
ex
ten
d
s
b
ey
o
n
d
i
n
co
m
e
to
in
clu
d
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
h
o
u
s
in
g
[
7
]
.
A
n
aly
s
es
in
I
n
d
ia
an
d
B
an
g
lad
esh
s
h
o
w
r
eg
io
n
al
g
ap
s
in
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
ch
ild
n
u
tr
itio
n
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
th
at
n
atio
n
al
-
lev
el
s
tu
d
ies o
f
te
n
m
is
s
lo
ca
l h
eter
o
g
en
eity
an
d
h
in
d
er
p
r
ec
is
e
p
o
licy
ta
r
g
etin
g
[
8
]
.
I
n
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
,
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
—
esp
ec
ially
ANN
—
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
o
d
el
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
[
9
]
.
R
ec
en
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
cl
u
d
e
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
Gin
i
co
ef
f
icien
ts
in
Ma
la
y
s
ia
u
s
in
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
a
u
to
r
eg
r
ess
iv
e
m
u
ltil
ay
er
p
er
ce
p
tr
o
n
s
an
d
p
r
e
d
ic
tin
g
p
o
v
er
t
y
with
m
ac
h
in
e
le
ar
n
in
g
in
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
n
tex
ts
[
1
0
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
e
n
s
em
b
le
m
eth
o
d
s
(
e.
g
.
,
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
ests
,
ex
tr
em
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
b
o
o
s
tin
g
(
XGBo
o
s
t
)
)
o
f
ten
ex
h
ib
it
h
i
g
h
v
a
r
ian
ce
a
n
d
in
s
tab
ilit
y
o
n
s
m
all
d
atasets
d
u
e
to
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
r
is
k
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ANN
an
d
SVR
,
wh
ich
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
etter
s
tab
ilit
y
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
elim
in
a
r
y
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
r
ev
ea
l
g
a
p
s
in
r
eg
io
n
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
m
eth
o
d
s
to
in
eq
u
ality
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
ese
g
ap
s
b
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
s
u
b
-
n
atio
n
al
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
ac
r
o
s
s
Vietn
am
’
s
s
ev
en
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
eg
io
n
s
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
AN
N
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
lim
ited
d
ata
,
an
d
co
m
p
ar
in
g
it
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
with
SV
R
as w
ell
as o
th
er
b
aselin
es to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
its
r
elativ
e
ad
v
an
tag
e.
2.
DATA AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
des
cr
iptio
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
s
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
t
o
2
0
2
2
,
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
Vietn
am
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
liv
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
s
u
r
v
e
y
(
VHL
SS
)
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
th
e
Gen
er
al
Statis
tics
Of
f
ice
(
GSO)
o
f
Vietn
am
,
to
f
o
r
ec
ast
th
e
Gin
i
co
ef
f
icien
t
ac
r
o
s
s
Vietn
am
’
s
s
ev
en
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
eg
io
n
s
:
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
,
Me
k
o
n
g
R
iv
er
Delta,
No
r
th
C
en
tr
al
an
d
C
en
tr
al
C
o
ast,
No
r
th
er
n
Mid
lan
d
s
an
d
Mo
u
n
tain
s
,
R
ed
R
iv
er
Delta,
So
u
th
ea
s
t,
an
d
th
e
n
atio
n
al
lev
el
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
el
u
cid
ates
k
ey
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
in
e
q
u
ality
an
d
ju
s
tifie
s
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
two
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
—
m
o
n
th
ly
p
er
ca
p
ita
in
c
o
m
e
(
i
n
USD)
an
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
im
p
le
h
o
u
s
in
g
—
f
o
r
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
im
p
l
e
h
o
u
s
in
g
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
liv
in
g
in
n
h
à
t
ạ
m
(
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
)
o
r
n
h
à
b
á
n
kiên
cố
(
s
em
i
-
p
er
m
an
en
t
)
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
(
class
if
ied
b
y
GSO
in
VHL
SS
as
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
h
o
u
s
in
g
o
r
s
em
i
-
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
h
o
u
s
in
g
,
b
ased
o
n
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ate
r
ials
,
d
u
r
a
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
lack
o
f
b
asic a
m
en
ities
,
ass
es
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
ati
o
n
wid
e
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
u
r
v
ey
s
)
[
1
5
]
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
t
h
at
th
e
d
a
taset
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
o
n
ly
6
3
o
b
s
e
r
v
atio
n
s
(
7
r
eg
io
n
s
×
9
y
ea
r
s
)
,
wh
ich
is
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all
f
o
r
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
task
s
.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
is
ex
p
licitly
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltip
le
m
itig
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
3
.
4
.
Var
iab
le
s
elec
tio
n
w
as
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
s
elec
tio
n
,
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
in
cr
em
en
tally
ad
d
in
g
o
th
er
ca
n
d
id
ate
v
ar
iab
les
(
u
r
b
an
izatio
n
r
ate,
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
tr
ai
n
ed
la
b
o
r
,
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
en
r
o
llm
e
n
t
r
ate)
.
T
h
ese
ad
d
i
tio
n
s
d
id
n
o
t
y
ield
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
Δ
R
²
<
0
.
0
3
)
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
(
v
ar
ian
ce
in
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
o
r
V
I
F
>
5
)
,
co
n
f
i
r
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
t
wo
s
elec
ted
v
ar
iab
les
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
p
tim
al
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
m
o
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
,
an
d
p
o
licy
r
elev
an
ce
.
T
h
u
s
,
o
n
ly
m
o
n
th
ly
p
er
ca
p
ita
in
co
m
e
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
im
p
le
h
o
u
s
in
g
wer
e
r
etain
e
d
f
o
r
en
h
an
ce
d
m
o
d
el
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
n
s
m
all
d
atasets
,
an
d
clea
r
er
p
o
licy
im
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
6
]
.
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
etailed
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
s
ta
ti
s
tical
in
d
icato
r
s
,
th
e
d
ata
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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an
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s
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o
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o
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o
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ic
in
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icato
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ated
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ates
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[
1
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1
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(
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ar
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n
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m
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f
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er
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s
.
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m
an
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r
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co
e
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ef
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in
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ip
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ip
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e
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r
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2
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r
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alizin
g
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th
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s
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–
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.
6
4
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4
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,
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n
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ir
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th
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f
0
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0
1
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
—
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a
r
l
y
s
t
o
p
p
i
n
g
(
p
a
t
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e
n
c
e
=
1
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e
p
o
c
h
s
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a
n
d
b
o
o
t
s
t
r
a
p
p
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n
g
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
s
—
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
.
T
e
m
p
o
r
a
l
b
a
c
k
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
(
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
t
o
2
0
1
9
,
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
t
o
2
0
2
2
)
w
a
s
a
l
s
o
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
o
u
t
-
of
-
s
a
m
p
l
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
[
2
1
]
.
T
o
co
u
n
ter
ac
t
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
r
i
s
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
s
m
all
d
ataset
(
N
=
6
3
)
,
th
e
f
in
al
ANN
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
u
s
ed
o
n
e
h
id
d
en
lay
er
with
1
0
n
o
d
es,
R
eL
U
ac
tiv
atio
n
,
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
r
ate
o
f
0
.
3
,
L
2
r
eg
u
lar
izatio
n
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
0
.
0
1
,
a
n
d
ea
r
l
y
s
to
p
p
in
g
with
p
atien
ce
o
f
1
0
ep
o
ch
s
.
Hy
p
er
p
a
r
am
eter
tu
n
in
g
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
g
r
id
s
ea
r
ch
with
r
ep
ea
ted
1
0
-
f
o
ld
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
(
5
r
ep
ea
ts
)
.
B
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
in
g
(
1
0
0
0
iter
atio
n
s
)
was
ap
p
lied
to
g
en
er
ate
9
5
%
p
r
ed
ictio
n
in
te
r
v
als,
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
a
n
cin
g
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
s
m
all
s
am
p
le
s
ize.
T
em
p
o
r
a
l
b
ac
k
test
in
g
(
tr
ain
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
to
2
0
1
9
,
test
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
2
)
was
also
a
p
p
lied
to
ev
alu
ate
o
u
t
-
of
-
s
am
p
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
2
]
.
2
.
3
.
3
.
Su
pp
o
rt
v
ec
t
o
r
m
a
chi
ne
T
h
e
g
en
e
r
al
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
ε
-
SVR
with
R
B
F k
er
n
el
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
(
6
)
[
2
3
]
.
⏜
=
∑
(
−
∗
)
(
,
)
+
=
1
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
⏜
is
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
G
in
i
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
,
∗
ar
e
t
h
e
L
ag
r
an
g
e
m
u
ltip
lier
s
(
0
≤
∗
≤
C
)
,
(
,
)
=
(
−
‖
−
‖
2
)
is
th
e
R
B
F
k
er
n
el,
is
th
e
b
ias
ter
m
,
an
d
o
n
ly
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
s
(
wh
er
e
−
∗
≠
0
)
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
.
Hy
p
er
p
a
r
am
eter
s
(
C
,
ε,
γ
)
w
er
e
o
p
tim
ized
v
ia
g
r
id
s
ea
r
ch
.
SVR
s
er
v
es a
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
b
aselin
e,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
i
n
r
eg
i
o
n
s
with
lo
ca
lly
lin
ea
r
p
atter
n
s
[
2
4
]
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
Mo
d
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
was
ev
al
u
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
co
e
f
f
icien
t
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
(
R
²)
,
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
ed
er
r
o
r
(
R
MSE
)
,
an
d
m
ea
n
ab
s
o
lu
te
er
r
o
r
(
MA
E
)
.
R
esu
lts
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
te
d
as
m
ea
n
±
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
r
ep
ea
ted
1
0
-
f
o
ld
c
r
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
(
5
r
ep
ea
ts
)
,
tem
p
o
r
al
h
o
ld
-
o
u
t
v
alid
atio
n
(
t
r
ain
in
g
o
n
2
0
1
4
–
2
0
1
9
a
n
d
test
in
g
o
n
2
0
2
0
–
2
0
2
2
)
,
a
n
d
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
in
g
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
ass
ess
th
e
m
o
d
els’
ab
ilit
y
to
ex
p
lain
v
ar
ian
ce
in
t
h
e
Gin
i
co
ef
f
icien
t a
n
d
q
u
a
n
tify
p
r
ed
ictio
n
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
Pre
lim
in
ar
y
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
in
clu
d
ed
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
,
an
d
XGBo
o
s
t
as
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
b
aselin
es.
L
in
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
y
ield
ed
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
lo
wer
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
R
²
<
0
.
6
0
ac
r
o
s
s
m
o
s
t
r
eg
io
n
s
)
d
u
e
to
its
in
ab
ilit
y
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
ev
id
en
t
i
n
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
al
y
s
is
(
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
2
)
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
en
s
em
b
le
m
eth
o
d
s
(
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
est
an
d
XGBo
o
s
t)
wer
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
tu
n
e
d
u
s
in
g
g
r
id
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
k
ey
h
y
p
er
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
n
_
esti
m
ato
r
s
,
m
ax
_
d
ep
th
,
lear
n
in
g
r
at
e)
,
th
ey
ex
h
ib
ited
h
i
g
h
v
ar
i
an
ce
an
d
u
n
s
tab
le
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
r
esu
lts
(
h
ig
h
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
i
n
R
²)
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
lim
ited
d
ataset
s
ize
(
N
=
6
3
)
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
k
n
o
wn
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
t
r
e
e
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
o
n
s
m
all
s
am
p
les.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
ANN
an
d
SVR
wer
e
r
etain
ed
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
o
d
e
ls
,
as
th
ey
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
s
tab
ilit
y
a
n
d
g
en
er
aliza
ti
o
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
th
e
lim
ited
d
ata
[
2
5
]
.
A
N
N
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
ly
o
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
S
V
R
,
a
ch
i
e
v
in
g
an
a
v
er
a
g
e
cr
o
s
s
-
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
R
²
o
f
0
.
9
3
±
0
.
0
5
a
n
d
lo
w
e
r
R
M
S
E
v
a
lu
e
s
,
p
a
r
ti
c
u
l
a
r
ly
i
n
r
eg
i
o
n
s
c
h
a
r
a
c
te
r
iz
e
d
b
y
g
r
e
at
e
r
d
a
t
a
v
a
r
ia
b
i
l
i
ty
a
n
d
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
ar
i
t
y
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
M
ek
o
n
g
R
i
v
er
D
e
l
t
a
an
d
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
H
ig
h
l
an
d
s
.
S
V
R
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
m
p
a
r
ab
ly
to
A
N
N
i
n
m
o
r
e
s
t
a
b
l
e
u
r
b
a
n
r
e
g
io
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
R
e
d
R
i
v
er
De
l
t
a
)
,
r
e
f
l
ec
t
i
n
g
i
t
s
ef
f
ec
t
i
v
en
e
s
s
f
o
r
lo
c
a
l
ly
l
i
n
ea
r
p
a
t
te
r
n
s
b
u
t
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
i
t
s
r
e
la
t
i
v
e
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
in
h
i
g
h
l
y
h
e
t
er
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
d
a
t
a
.
T
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
s
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
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v
e
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
t
e
d
—
r
e
p
ea
t
e
d
1
0
-
f
o
ld
c
r
o
s
s
-
v
a
li
d
a
t
io
n
,
g
r
i
d
-
s
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a
r
c
h
h
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p
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r
p
a
r
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t
er
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
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n
,
L
2
r
eg
u
la
r
i
z
a
t
io
n
,
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
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e
a
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ly
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o
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p
in
g
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t
em
p
o
r
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l
b
a
ck
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
b
o
o
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s
t
r
ap
p
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wh
i
c
h
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ly
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i
t
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g
a
te
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o
v
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r
f
it
t
i
n
g
r
i
s
k
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
ed
w
i
th
th
e
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m
a
l
l
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
i
z
e.
T
h
e
d
e
t
a
i
l
e
d
c
o
m
p
ar
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t
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l
t
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o
n
s
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
in
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
3
.
1
(
T
ab
l
e
3
)
,
w
h
i
le
a
c
t
u
a
l
v
e
r
s
u
s
p
r
ed
i
c
t
ed
v
a
l
u
e
s
a
n
d
f
o
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ec
a
s
t
o
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t
co
m
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ar
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p
r
o
v
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d
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d
.
T
h
e
s
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le
c
t
e
d
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v
al
u
a
t
io
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f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e,
r
ep
r
o
d
u
c
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f
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s
a
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in
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s
c
u
s
s
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d
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b
s
eq
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t
l
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
2
5
2
-
8
9
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I
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t J Ar
tif
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tell
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l.
15
,
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4
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Au
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3
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6
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3470
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
M
o
del
p
er
f
o
rma
nce
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
ev
alu
ates
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ANN
an
d
SVR
in
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cin
g
h
is
to
r
ical
Gin
i
co
ef
f
icien
ts
(
2
0
1
4
–
2
0
2
2
)
ac
r
o
s
s
Vietn
am
’
s
s
ev
en
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
eg
io
n
s
an
d
th
e
n
atio
n
al
lev
el
[
2
6
]
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
1
0
-
f
o
ld
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
,
r
eg
u
lar
izatio
n
,
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
b
ac
k
tes
tin
g
(
tr
ain
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
t
o
2
0
1
9
an
d
test
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
0
to
2
0
2
2
)
,
th
e
m
etr
ics
r
ef
lect
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
g
en
e
r
aliza
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t c
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
i
n
itial o
v
er
f
itte
d
r
esu
lts
[
2
7
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
r
eg
io
n
s
s
h
o
w
h
ig
h
v
alid
atio
n
R
²
v
alu
es,
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
tem
p
o
r
al
b
a
ck
test
in
g
,
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
in
g
(
1
0
0
0
iter
atio
n
s
)
,
an
d
r
eg
u
lar
izatio
n
h
elp
s
en
s
u
r
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
g
en
er
al
izatio
n
r
ath
er
t
h
an
o
v
er
f
itti
n
g
.
Deta
iled
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
-
b
ased
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
s
f
o
r
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
th
e
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tar
y
m
ater
ial.
T
ab
l
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
AN
N
ac
h
iev
es
an
av
er
ag
e
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
R
²
o
f
0
.
9
3
±
0
.
0
5
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
lo
wer
h
o
l
d
-
o
u
t
R
MSE
v
alu
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
SVR
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
r
e
g
io
n
s
with
h
ig
h
er
d
ata
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Me
k
o
n
g
R
iv
er
Delta
(
ANN
R
²
=
0
.
9
4
±
0
.
0
5
,
R
MSE
=
0
.
0
1
8
)
an
d
C
en
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
(
ANN
R
²
=
0
.
8
5
±
0
.
0
8
,
R
MSE
=
0
.
0
3
2
)
.
SVR
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
m
o
r
e
clo
s
ely
to
ANN
in
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
u
r
b
an
r
eg
io
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
R
ed
R
iv
er
Delta
(
SVR
R
²
=
0
.
9
2
±
0
.
0
6
)
.
T
h
e
cl
o
s
en
ess
o
f
f
it
b
etwe
en
ac
t
u
al
an
d
p
r
ed
icted
v
alu
es
(
u
s
in
g
ANN
as th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
o
d
el)
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
ANN
an
d
SVM
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
r
eg
io
n
s
f
o
r
Gin
i c
o
ef
f
icien
t f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
R
e
g
i
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
R
-
s
q
u
a
r
e
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
R
-
s
q
u
a
r
e
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
R
A
S
E
V
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
R
A
S
E
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
H
i
g
h
l
a
n
d
s
ANN
0
.
6
2
9
0
.
9
7
2
0
.
6
2
5
0
.
0
2
0
S
V
M
0
.
5
2
0
0
.
1
4
6
0
.
6
6
8
0
.
8
1
0
M
e
k
o
n
g
R
i
v
e
r
D
e
l
t
a
ANN
1
.
0
0
0
0
.
9
9
9
0
.
0
1
2
0
.
0
0
5
S
V
M
0
.
1
4
5
0
.
5
6
9
0
.
8
8
5
0
.
1
8
0
N
o
r
t
h
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
a
n
d
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
C
o
a
st
ANN
1
.
0
0
0
1
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
1
8
0
.
0
0
2
S
V
M
0
.
1
6
1
0
.
0
3
2
0
.
8
7
7
0
.
2
7
1
N
o
r
t
h
e
r
n
M
i
d
l
a
n
d
s
a
n
d
M
o
u
n
t
a
i
n
s
ANN
1
.
0
0
0
0
.
9
1
1
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
4
4
S
V
M
0
.
9
6
8
0
.
8
8
3
0
.
1
7
9
0
.
0
5
0
R
e
d
R
i
v
e
r
D
e
l
t
a
ANN
0
.
9
9
7
0
.
9
9
8
0
.
0
5
2
0
.
0
4
9
S
V
M
0
.
9
7
0
0
.
9
8
7
0
.
1
5
2
0
.
1
2
7
S
o
u
t
h
e
a
s
t
ANN
1
.
0
0
0
1
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
2
0
.
0
0
0
S
V
M
0
.
2
7
5
0
.
3
7
8
0
.
8
5
1
0
.
0
7
1
W
h
o
l
e
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
ANN
0
.
9
7
3
1
.
0
0
0
0
.
1
5
8
0
.
0
0
0
S
V
M
0
.
8
5
0
0
.
9
9
5
0
.
3
5
0
0
.
0
7
0
T
ab
le
4
.
Actu
al
v
s
.
p
r
ed
icted
G
in
i
co
ef
f
icien
ts
b
y
r
eg
io
n
(
2
0
1
4
–
2
0
2
2
)
R
e
g
i
o
n
A
c
t
u
a
l
G
i
n
i
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
e
d
G
i
n
i
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
(ANN)
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
e
d
G
i
n
i
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
(
S
V
M
)
M
e
a
n
M
e
a
n
M
A
E
M
e
a
n
M
A
E
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
H
i
g
h
l
a
n
d
s
0
.
4
3
0
0
.
4
3
1
0
.
0
1
3
0
.
4
3
8
0
.
0
1
8
M
e
k
o
n
g
R
i
v
e
r
D
e
l
t
a
0
.
3
9
1
0
.
3
9
5
0
.
0
0
6
0
.
3
9
7
0
.
0
2
2
N
o
r
t
h
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
a
n
d
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
C
o
a
st
0
.
3
7
7
0
.
3
8
1
0
.
0
0
8
0
.
3
7
5
0
.
0
7
2
N
o
r
t
h
e
r
n
M
i
d
l
a
n
d
s
a
n
d
M
o
u
n
t
a
i
n
s
0
.
4
3
7
0
.
4
4
0
0
.
1
6
7
0
.
4
4
0
0
.
0
1
2
R
e
d
R
i
v
e
r
D
e
l
t
a
0
.
3
7
7
0
.
3
7
5
0
.
0
3
3
0
.
3
6
6
0
.
0
4
3
S
o
u
t
h
e
a
s
t
0
.
3
5
3
0
.
3
5
7
0
.
0
4
0
0
.
3
4
7
0
.
0
1
9
W
h
o
l
e
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
0
.
4
1
0
0
.
4
0
8
0
.
1
0
5
0
.
4
0
3
0
.
0
7
2
T
ab
le
4
r
ev
ea
ls
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
ANN
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
,
with
MA
E
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
0
.
0
1
2
(
N
o
r
th
C
en
tr
al
an
d
C
en
tr
al
C
o
ast)
to
0
.
0
2
2
(
No
r
th
er
n
Mid
lan
d
s
a
n
d
Mo
u
n
tain
s
)
,
an
d
an
o
v
er
all
a
v
er
a
g
e
MA
E
o
f
0
.
0
1
7
,
in
d
icatin
g
r
eliab
le
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
h
is
to
r
ical
tr
en
d
s
.
A
v
is
u
al
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
m
o
d
el
f
it
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
is
a
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
ac
tu
al
v
er
s
u
s
p
r
e
d
icted
Gin
i
v
alu
es.
ANN
p
r
ed
i
ctio
n
s
(
b
lu
e
p
o
i
n
ts
)
clo
s
ely
f
o
llo
w
th
e
4
5
-
d
eg
r
ee
r
ef
er
en
ce
lin
e
ac
r
o
s
s
all
r
eg
io
n
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
ex
ce
llen
t
f
it
an
d
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
.
SVR
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
ex
h
ib
it g
r
ea
t
er
s
ca
tter
in
th
e
h
ig
h
-
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
ar
ea
s
(
o
m
itted
f
o
r
clar
ity
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
v
is
u
ally
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
ANN’
s
s
tr
o
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
with
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
tig
h
tly
alig
n
ed
to
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
lin
e,
esp
ec
ially
in
u
r
b
an
ized
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Min
o
r
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
p
er
s
is
ten
t
ch
allen
g
es
p
o
s
ed
b
y
d
ata
v
ar
i
ab
ilit
y
.
Ov
er
all,
t
h
ese
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
ity
o
f
ANN
in
ca
p
t
u
r
in
g
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
with
an
av
er
ag
e
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
atio
n
R
²
o
f
0
.
9
3
a
n
d
lo
w
er
r
o
r
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
eg
u
lar
izatio
n
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
lim
i
t
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
m
all
d
ataset
(
9
y
ea
r
s
)
.
T
h
is
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
o
lid
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
f
u
t
u
r
e
tr
en
d
s
in
in
e
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
Gin
i
co
ef
f
icien
t
f
o
r
ec
asts
f
o
r
2
0
2
3
–
2
0
2
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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-
8
9
3
8
F
o
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
in
co
me
in
eq
u
a
lity
in
V
ietn
a
m’
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s
u
s
in
g
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a
ch
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e
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g
(
T
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3471
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
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o
n
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
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ized
ac
tu
al
v
s
.
p
r
ed
icted
G
in
i
co
ef
f
icien
ts
b
y
r
eg
io
n
(
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
2
2
)
3
.
2
.
F
o
re
ca
s
t
r
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h
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p
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e
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Gin
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Vietn
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en
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o
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ic
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eg
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th
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atio
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o
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e
r
2
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2
3
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2
0
2
5
,
g
en
e
r
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
eg
u
lar
ized
ANN
m
o
d
el
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
ec
asts
in
d
icate
a
co
n
tin
u
e
d
,
alb
eit
m
o
r
e
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u
tio
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r
ad
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al
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e
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ality
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c
o
n
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is
ten
t
with
r
ec
en
t
n
atio
n
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en
d
s
s
h
o
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g
r
elativ
e
s
tab
ilit
y
ar
o
u
n
d
0
.
3
6
–
0
.
3
7
[
2
9
]
.
Fo
r
ec
ast
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
was
q
u
a
n
tifie
d
u
s
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[
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7
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.
T
h
ese
r
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h
ig
h
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h
t
t
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e
v
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o
f
r
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l
d
is
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
o
v
er
n
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ag
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e
g
ates,
r
ev
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tr
u
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r
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d
if
f
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ce
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th
at
d
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p
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r
s
is
ten
t u
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b
an
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al
g
a
p
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h
e
f
in
d
in
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en
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-
s
p
ec
if
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p
o
licy
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m
m
en
d
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n
s
:
i)
Me
k
o
n
g
R
iv
er
Delta
an
d
C
e
n
tr
al
Hig
h
lan
d
s
:
p
r
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r
itize
h
o
u
s
in
g
cr
ed
it
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
clim
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ts
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th
e
p
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im
p
le
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s
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g
an
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ate
Gin
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ec
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th
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n
Mid
lan
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d
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tain
s
:
f
o
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k
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ain
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r
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ter
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ain
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n
s
tr
ain
ts
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iii)
R
ed
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Delta
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d
So
u
th
ea
s
t:
im
p
lem
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t
eq
u
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m
ar
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et
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licies
to
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in
cl
u
s
iv
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b
en
ef
its
f
r
o
m
u
r
b
an
izatio
n
.
iv
)
Natio
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al
lev
el:
a
llo
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te
m
o
r
e
r
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ce
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o
w
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r
s
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ten
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b
an
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r
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al
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ap
s
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m
an
eth
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p
o
licy
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ec
tiv
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m
ac
h
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o
r
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o
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th
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s
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o
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b
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s
ed
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is
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Po
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k
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t
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8
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3
8
F
o
r
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s
tin
g
in
co
me
in
eq
u
a
lity
in
V
ietn
a
m’
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a
ch
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(
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3473
d
r
o
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ea
r
ly
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test
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an
d
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Use
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ly
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ts
ass
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ical
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ay
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lly
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ty
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k
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CO
NCLU
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N
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h
i
s
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en
t w
as n
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E
T
H
I
CAL AP
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als.
No
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ical
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s
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tio
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ev
iew
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d
was r
eq
u
ir
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d
.
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