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tim
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[
1
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[
2
]
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Su
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I
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C
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Vo
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No
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b
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20
26
:
2
4
1
-
255
242
T
h
r
o
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h
p
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in
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s
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p
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tr
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[
7
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.
T
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8
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[
9
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As
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ted
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
in
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
r
ca
p
t
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
b
eh
a
v
io
r
[
1
0
]
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ten
r
ely
o
n
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
o
r
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
a
t
ass
u
m
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
am
o
n
g
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
ield
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
d
ata
in
h
er
en
tly
ex
h
ib
it
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
with
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
n
ested
with
in
s
p
atial
lo
ca
tio
n
s
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
.
I
g
n
o
r
in
g
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ca
n
lead
t
o
b
iased
p
ar
am
eter
esti
m
at
es
an
d
in
co
m
p
lete
ch
ar
ac
te
r
izatio
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
y
n
am
ics
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
cr
it
ical
wh
en
tr
an
s
latin
g
s
tatis
tical
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
to
ac
tio
n
ab
le
n
etwo
r
k
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
ch
allen
g
e,
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
m
ix
ed
-
ef
f
ec
ts
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
em
er
g
ed
as
a
p
r
in
cip
led
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
co
m
p
lex
n
etwo
r
k
d
atasets
.
B
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
r
an
d
o
m
ef
f
ec
ts
,
th
ese
m
o
d
els
en
ab
le
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
s
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d
lo
ca
tio
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-
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
b
eh
av
io
r
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
esp
ec
ially
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
s
p
atial
h
eter
o
g
en
e
ity
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
u
s
er
d
en
s
ity
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
I
n
p
ar
allel,
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
i
s
h
as
g
ain
ed
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
im
p
o
r
t
an
ce
as
a
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
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r
a
m
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r
k
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Un
lik
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av
er
ag
e
-
b
ased
m
et
r
ics,
r
eliab
ilit
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ea
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u
r
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q
u
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tify
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e
p
r
o
b
ab
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th
at
th
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o
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g
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er
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t
h
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esh
o
ld
s
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o
f
f
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g
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u
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er
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ce
n
tr
ic
as
s
ess
m
en
t
o
f
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
is
ess
en
tial
in
m
o
d
er
n
ce
llu
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
ar
iab
il
ity
d
ir
ec
tly
im
p
ac
ts
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
n
d
s
er
v
ice
-
lev
el
co
m
p
lian
ce
.
De
s
p
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
,
lim
ited
wo
r
k
h
as
i
n
teg
r
ate
d
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
m
o
d
elin
g
with
r
e
liab
ilit
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-
b
ased
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
t
h
e
jo
in
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
o
p
er
atio
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ce
llu
la
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
is
g
ap
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
u
n
if
ied
s
tatis
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an
d
en
g
in
ee
r
in
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f
r
am
ew
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r
k
s
ca
p
a
b
le
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f
s
u
p
p
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tin
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b
o
t
h
in
f
er
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ce
an
d
n
e
two
r
k
d
esig
n
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
a
d
d
r
ess
es
th
is
g
ap
b
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
ati
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g
h
i
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r
a
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h
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ca
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m
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x
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d
-
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f
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ts
m
o
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n
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wit
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m
p
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r
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al
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d
p
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r
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m
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tr
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il
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la
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g
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s
c
ale
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iel
d
m
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e
m
e
n
t
d
atas
et
c
o
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p
r
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s
in
g
o
v
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r
7
7
,
0
00
o
b
s
e
r
v
ati
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
ca
p
t
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r
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c
r
o
s
s
-
la
y
e
r
t
h
r
o
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g
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p
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t
d
et
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m
i
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a
n
ts
,
a
cc
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f
o
r
s
p
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tia
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clu
s
te
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i
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f
f
ec
ts
,
a
n
d
c
h
a
r
ac
t
er
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s
r
e
lia
b
il
it
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
em
p
i
r
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ca
l
a
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d
W
ei
b
u
ll
-
b
as
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p
a
r
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m
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tr
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in
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.
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h
is
i
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t
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r
a
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p
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p
ar
tic
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l
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el
ev
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m
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in
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5
G
-
A
d
v
a
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ce
d
a
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d
6
G
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
wh
e
r
e
r
ec
e
n
t
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
s
t
u
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
c
r
e
asi
n
g
d
ep
e
n
d
e
n
ce
o
n
r
el
ia
b
ili
t
y
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
o
p
ti
m
iz
ati
o
n
,
em
p
i
r
i
ca
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
al
y
ti
cs,
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
r
es
o
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r
ce
m
a
n
a
g
em
en
t
u
n
d
e
r
h
et
er
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
[
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
is
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
a
li
g
n
e
d
wi
th
e
m
e
r
g
in
g
6
G
d
esi
g
n
o
b
je
cti
v
es
em
p
h
asi
zi
n
g
in
tel
li
g
e
n
t
n
et
wo
r
k
o
r
c
h
est
r
at
io
n
,
A
I
-
ass
is
t
ed
o
p
ti
m
i
za
ti
o
n
,
r
e
lia
b
i
lit
y
-
o
r
ie
n
t
ed
s
er
v
i
ce
p
r
o
v
is
i
o
n
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
te
x
t
-
a
d
a
p
tiv
e
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
cr
o
s
s
h
i
g
h
l
y
h
ete
r
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
w
ir
el
ess
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
B
ey
o
n
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
b
ile
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
also
h
a
s
b
r
o
ad
e
r
r
elev
an
ce
f
o
r
em
er
g
in
g
I
C
T
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
clu
d
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clo
u
d
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co
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ec
ted
s
er
v
ices,
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
es,
in
ter
n
et
-
of
-
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
ts
,
an
d
laten
c
y
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
ig
ital
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
d
ep
en
d
o
n
r
eliab
le
wir
eless
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
as:
−
A
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
m
ix
e
d
-
ef
f
ec
ts
m
o
d
elin
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
to
q
u
an
tif
y
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
lay
er
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
r
ad
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s
ig
n
al
in
d
icat
o
r
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
,
th
e
R
SR
P
an
d
R
SR
Q,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
-
lay
er
laten
cy
o
n
ce
ll
u
lar
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
wh
ile
ex
p
licitly
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
s
p
at
ial
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ite
-
lev
el
r
an
d
o
m
ef
f
ec
ts
.
−
A
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
b
ased
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
wh
ich
co
m
b
in
es
em
p
ir
ical
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
with
a
W
eib
u
ll
p
ar
am
etr
ic
m
o
d
el
to
e
n
ab
le
an
al
y
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
an
d
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
s
er
v
ice
-
lev
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
−
An
in
teg
r
ated
s
tatis
tical
-
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
jo
in
tly
ca
p
t
u
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
s
p
atial
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
,
an
d
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
b
eh
av
io
r
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
n
etwo
r
k
d
im
en
s
io
n
in
g
,
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
,
an
d
q
u
ality
-
of
-
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
in
n
ex
t
-
g
en
er
atio
n
ce
llu
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
in
v
esti
g
ated
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
t
h
th
e
o
r
etica
l
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
d
o
m
ain
s
.
E
a
r
ly
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
w
o
r
k
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
lim
its
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wi
th
Sh
an
n
o
n
[
1
5
]
ca
p
ac
ity
th
eo
r
em
estab
lis
h
in
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ac
h
iev
a
b
le
d
ata
r
at
es
u
n
d
er
id
ea
lized
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
th
is
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
ex
ten
d
e
d
th
e
an
aly
s
is
to
wir
e
less
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
,
f
a
d
in
g
,
an
d
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
in
s
h
ap
in
g
ac
h
iev
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t [
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3
2
2
1
A
h
iera
r
ch
ica
l m
ixed
-
effec
ts
mo
d
elin
g
fr
a
mewo
r
k
w
ith
Wei
b
u
ll relia
b
ilit
y
…
(
V
icto
r
Dela
Go
r
d
o
n
)
243
W
ith
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
ce
llu
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
war
d
5
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
r
esear
ch
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
As
n
o
te
d
in
An
d
r
e
ws
et
a
l
.
[
4
]
,
wh
ile
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ar
ch
itectu
r
al
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ac
h
ie
v
ed
in
5
G
s
y
s
tem
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ates
in
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
an
d
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
-
li
m
ited
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
r
em
ain
s
a
m
ajo
r
ch
allen
g
e.
E
m
p
ir
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
t
u
d
ies
f
u
r
th
er
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
ten
d
ev
iates
f
r
o
m
t
h
eo
r
eti
ca
l
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
.
Sig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
s
p
atial
lo
ca
tio
n
s
an
d
tem
p
o
r
al
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
tr
af
f
ic
lo
a
d
s
,
r
ad
io
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
,
a
n
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
u
s
er
d
en
s
ity
[
3
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
c
r
o
s
s
-
lay
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
-
awa
r
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
aly
s
is
in
ac
cu
r
ately
m
o
d
e
lin
g
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
b
eh
av
io
r
in
m
o
d
er
n
ce
llu
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
A
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
b
o
d
y
o
f
wo
r
k
h
a
s
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
r
a
d
io
-
lay
er
in
d
icato
r
s
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
with
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
as
R
SR
P
an
d
R
SR
Q
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
iz
ed
as
k
ey
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
l
in
k
q
u
ality
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
t
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
c
o
d
in
g
s
ch
em
e
s
elec
tio
n
,
th
er
e
b
y
in
f
l
u
en
cin
g
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
ac
h
iev
a
b
le
d
ata
r
ates.
I
n
p
a
r
allel,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
-
lay
er
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
as
th
e
R
T
T
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
t
o
af
f
ec
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
eir
im
p
ac
t
o
n
c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
in
T
C
P
-
b
ased
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
laten
cy
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
e
n
ts
an
d
r
etr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
7
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
cr
o
s
s
-
lay
er
d
y
n
am
ics,
m
an
y
a
n
aly
ze
p
r
ed
ic
to
r
s
in
is
o
latio
n
o
r
with
in
s
im
p
lifie
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
.
T
h
is
lim
its
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
p
r
ac
tical
n
etwo
r
k
d
y
n
am
ics.
A
k
e
y
li
m
i
tati
o
n
i
n
m
u
c
h
o
f
th
e
lit
er
at
u
r
e
is
t
h
e
ass
u
m
p
ti
o
n
o
f
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
a
m
o
n
g
o
b
s
er
v
a
ti
o
n
s
.
I
n
p
r
a
cti
ce
,
f
i
el
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
d
a
tase
ts
e
x
h
ib
it
i
n
h
e
r
e
n
t
h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
ca
l
s
t
r
u
c
tu
r
es
,
wi
th
o
b
s
er
v
a
ti
o
n
s
cl
u
s
te
r
e
d
ac
r
o
s
s
s
p
a
tia
l
l
o
c
ati
o
n
s
a
n
d
t
em
p
o
r
al
i
n
t
er
v
a
ls
.
I
g
n
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
is
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e
ca
n
o
b
s
c
u
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
v
a
r
i
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
le
ad
t
o
b
i
ase
d
o
r
i
n
c
o
m
p
let
e
i
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e.
Hi
er
a
r
c
h
i
ca
l
m
i
x
ed
-
e
f
f
e
cts
m
o
d
els
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
as
a
n
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
a
d
d
r
ess
th
is
c
h
all
e
n
g
e,
e
n
ab
li
n
g
t
h
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
i
ti
o
n
o
f
v
a
r
i
ab
ili
t
y
in
to
w
it
h
i
n
-
cl
u
s
te
r
an
d
b
et
wee
n
-
c
lu
s
te
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
w
h
il
e
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
es
ti
m
at
in
g
g
l
o
b
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
is
p
a
r
t
ic
u
l
ar
l
y
well
s
u
it
ed
f
o
r
a
n
al
y
z
in
g
l
a
r
g
e
-
s
c
ale
n
e
two
r
k
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
d
ata
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
iz
ed
b
y
s
p
at
ial
h
ete
r
o
g
e
n
ei
ty
.
T
h
e
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
a
v
a
ila
b
i
lit
y
o
f
la
r
g
e
-
s
c
a
le
o
p
er
ati
o
n
a
l c
ell
u
l
ar
d
a
tas
ets
h
as
f
u
r
th
er
e
n
a
b
l
ed
m
o
r
e
r
e
alis
t
ic
s
p
ati
al
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
a
ly
tics
f
o
r
n
e
x
t
-
g
en
e
r
at
io
n
wi
r
e
less
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
[1
7
]
.
I
n
p
ar
allel,
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
i
s
h
as
em
er
g
ed
as
an
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
r
o
m
a
u
s
er
-
ce
n
t
r
ic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
R
ath
er
th
an
f
o
cu
s
in
g
s
o
lely
o
n
av
er
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
b
ased
m
etr
ics
q
u
an
tify
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
th
at
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
atis
f
ies
s
p
ec
if
ied
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
,
th
e
r
eb
y
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
i
n
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
n
etwo
r
k
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
in
g
an
d
Qo
S
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
ar
e
e
m
p
h
asized
in
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t
g
u
id
elin
es
[1
3
]
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
u
r
v
iv
al
-
ty
p
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
,
Qo
S
-
awa
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
in
g
,
an
d
p
er
ce
n
tile
-
b
ased
m
etr
ics,
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
b
eh
av
io
r
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
s
,
e
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
lar
g
ely
tr
ea
t
ed
h
ier
a
r
ch
ical
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
as
s
ep
ar
ate
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
W
h
ile
p
r
io
r
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
m
o
d
elin
g
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
p
r
im
a
r
ily
o
n
ex
p
lain
in
g
s
p
atial
o
r
tem
p
o
r
al
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
,
th
ey
g
e
n
er
ally
d
o
n
o
t
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
s
er
v
ice
r
eliab
ilit
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
with
in
th
e
s
am
e
an
al
y
tical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
jo
in
tly
m
o
d
els
cr
o
s
s
-
lay
er
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
d
eter
m
in
a
n
ts
,
s
p
atial
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
,
a
n
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ex
ce
e
d
a
n
ce
r
eliab
ilit
y
u
s
in
g
an
in
teg
r
a
ted
m
ix
ed
-
ef
f
ec
ts
an
d
W
eib
u
ll
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
er
eb
y
en
a
b
lin
g
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
s
tatis
tical
in
f
er
e
n
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
o
r
ien
te
d
n
e
two
r
k
ev
alu
atio
n
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
er
e
r
em
ain
s
a
lack
o
f
u
n
if
ied
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
an
d
q
u
an
tif
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
elia
b
ilit
y
in
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
an
aly
tically
tr
ac
tab
le
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
s
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
tr
an
s
late
s
tatis
tica
l
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
to
ac
ti
o
n
ab
le
en
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in
ee
r
in
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n
etwo
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lan
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o
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tim
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.
Alth
o
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g
h
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en
t
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ical
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ies
h
av
e
p
r
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d
d
etailed
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alu
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o
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5
G
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
laten
cy
,
an
d
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
3
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
i
n
teg
r
ated
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
jo
in
tly
m
o
d
el
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
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b
eh
av
io
r
r
em
ai
n
lim
ited
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
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is
g
ap
b
y
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teg
r
atin
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h
ier
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ical
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m
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am
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s
-
lay
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m
o
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elin
g
,
s
p
atial
v
ar
iab
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ch
ar
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izatio
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ased
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2.
M
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H
O
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2
.
1
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M
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da
t
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et
T
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p
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aly
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ased
o
n
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lar
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e
-
s
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l
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f
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m
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ataset
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
7
7
,
0
7
5
v
alid
ce
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lar
n
etwo
r
k
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
co
llected
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ca
m
p
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
3
2
2
1
C
o
m
p
u
t Sci
I
n
f
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
26
:
2
4
1
-
255
244
Gh
an
a.
T
h
e
d
ataset
s
p
an
s
f
o
u
r
s
p
atial
clu
s
ter
s
(
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
s
ites
)
,
n
am
ely
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
i
ty
o
f
G
h
an
a
(
UG)
,
Acc
r
a
T
ec
h
n
ical
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
AT
U)
,
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
C
ap
e
C
o
ast
(
UC
C
)
,
an
d
Kwa
m
e
Nk
r
u
m
ah
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Scien
ce
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
K
NUST
)
,
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
u
s
er
d
e
n
s
ities
,
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
lo
a
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
u
s
in
g
th
e
NE
MO
I
n
v
ex
I
I
d
r
iv
e
test
p
latf
o
r
m
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
d
o
n
m
o
b
ile
telep
h
o
n
e
n
etwo
r
k
(
MT
N)
Gh
an
a
’
s
co
m
m
er
cial
f
o
u
r
th
-
g
en
er
ati
o
n
(
4
G
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
r
LTE
)
n
etwo
r
k
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
l
e
ce
ll
u
lar
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
r
ec
en
t
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
ass
es
s
m
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
ly
lo
g
s
g
eo
lo
ca
tio
n
(
g
l
o
b
al
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
o
r
GPS),
tim
estam
p
s
,
R
SR
P,
R
S
R
Q,
R
T
T
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
ia
in
ter
n
et
co
n
t
r
o
l
m
ess
ag
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
(
I
C
MP
)
p
in
g
,
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
ile
tr
an
s
f
er
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
(
FTP
)
-
b
ased
test
in
g
.
All
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
ess
io
n
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
n
d
er
s
tatio
n
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
with
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
last
in
g
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
p
e
r
s
ite.
A
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
m
ea
s
u
r
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e
n
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
was
en
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
th
e
Natio
n
al
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
Au
th
o
r
ity
(
NC
A)
ac
r
o
s
s
all
s
ites
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
co
m
p
ar
a
b
ilit
y
.
On
ly
p
ar
am
eter
s
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
lo
g
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
m
e
tr
ics
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
-
p
lu
s
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SIN
R
)
,
u
p
lin
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
,
an
d
ca
ll
d
r
o
p
r
ates
we
r
e
n
o
t
in
clu
d
ed
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
attr
ib
u
tes,
in
clu
d
in
g
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
ch
an
n
el
b
an
d
wid
th
,
an
d
an
ten
n
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
wer
e
n
o
t
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
o
p
e
r
ato
r
p
r
o
f
ile.
Nev
er
t
h
eless
,
R
SR
Q
s
er
v
es
as
a
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
o
x
y
f
o
r
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
an
d
c
h
a
n
n
el
q
u
ality
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
in
f
er
en
ce
u
n
d
er
r
ad
io
co
n
d
itio
n
s
d
esp
ite
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
e
x
p
licit SI
NR
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
co
llected
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
wit
h
in
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
an
aly
s
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
s
p
atial
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ites
.
T
em
p
o
r
al
f
lu
ctu
a
tio
n
s
ar
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
im
p
licitly
ca
p
tu
r
ed
with
in
t
h
e
r
esid
u
al
v
ar
iatio
n
r
at
h
er
th
an
ex
p
licitly
m
o
d
eled
as
a
s
ep
ar
ate
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
E
ac
h
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
in
clu
d
es
th
e
f
o
llo
wi
n
g
k
e
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
:
R
SR
P
(
d
B
m
)
,
R
SR
Q
(
d
B
)
,
R
T
T
(
m
s
)
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
co
n
v
er
t
ed
f
r
o
m
k
b
p
s
to
Mb
p
s
f
o
r
in
t
er
p
r
etab
ilit
y
)
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
h
er
en
t
cr
o
s
s
-
lay
e
r
d
ataset
th
at
ca
p
t
u
r
es
th
e
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
r
ad
io
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
an
d
t
r
an
s
p
o
r
t
-
lay
er
d
y
n
am
ics
u
n
d
er
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
em
p
ir
ical
b
a
s
is
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
ataset
p
r
o
v
id
es
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
em
p
ir
ical
in
s
i
g
h
t
in
to
o
p
er
atio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
d
y
n
a
m
ics,
s
ev
er
al
lim
itatio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
.
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
ts
wer
e
co
llected
u
n
d
er
s
tatio
n
ar
y
u
s
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ca
m
p
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
wh
ich
m
ay
n
o
t
f
u
lly
ca
p
tu
r
e
m
o
b
ilit
y
-
d
r
i
v
en
d
y
n
am
ics
p
r
esen
t
i
n
d
en
s
e
u
r
b
a
n
o
r
h
ig
h
way
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
d
ata
s
et
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
ef
lects
MT
N
Gh
an
a’
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t p
er
i
o
d
a
n
d
m
ay
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ex
h
ib
it o
p
e
r
ato
r
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
ias.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
s
o
m
e
lo
wer
-
lay
e
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
SIN
R
,
u
p
lin
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
p
ac
k
e
t
r
etr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
tatis
t
ics,
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
ler
-
lev
el
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
wer
e
u
n
av
aila
b
le
in
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
p
r
o
f
ile.
T
h
eir
ab
s
en
ce
lim
its
d
ir
ec
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
co
u
p
lin
g
an
d
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
tr
af
f
ic
d
y
n
am
ics.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
R
S
R
Q
was
r
eta
in
ed
as
a
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
o
x
y
f
o
r
r
ad
io
q
u
ality
a
n
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
,
en
ab
lin
g
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l c
r
o
s
s
-
lay
er
in
f
er
en
ce
d
esp
ite
th
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
2
.
2
.
Co
ncept
ua
l f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
u
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ad
o
p
te
d
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
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ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
lay
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in
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er
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s
b
etwe
en
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an
s
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o
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t
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er
f
o
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m
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e
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a
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io
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ig
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en
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ig
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ality
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m
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e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
C
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m
p
u
t Sci
I
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f
T
ec
h
n
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l
I
SS
N:
2722
-
3
2
2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
7
2
2
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3
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2
1
C
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20
26
:
2
4
1
-
255
246
2
.
4
.
T
hro
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hp
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alu
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.
2
.
5
.
P
a
ra
m
et
ric
t
hro
ug
hp
ut
re
lia
bil
it
y
m
o
delin
g
T
o
en
ab
le
an
an
al
y
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
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o
f
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etwo
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k
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o
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m
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n
ce
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em
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ir
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h
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eliab
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f
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tr
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ce
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in
th
e
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tio
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u
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th
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m
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3.
RE
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Sp
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C
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n
tiles
in
d
icate
th
e
p
r
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ce
o
f
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tr
o
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g
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k
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wid
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d
d
is
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ib
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tio
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ig
h
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h
ts
s
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b
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tan
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v
ar
iab
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in
th
e
u
s
er
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p
e
r
ien
ce
ac
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o
s
s
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e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
m
p
i
r
ical
C
DF
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
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ce
llu
lar
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
T
h
e
cu
r
v
e
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
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iev
ab
le
d
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r
ates,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
m
ed
ian
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
as
well
as th
e
u
p
p
er
tail b
e
h
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io
r
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
3
.
8
.
Relia
bil
it
y
curv
e
inte
rp
re
t
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
(
)
=
(
ℎ
ℎ
≥
)
,
ca
p
tu
r
es
n
etwo
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
er
v
ice
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
s
.
T
h
e
em
p
ir
ical
r
esu
l
ts
in
d
icate
h
ig
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
at
lo
w
-
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
a
r
ap
id
d
ec
lin
e
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
d
em
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
r
e
f
lects
th
e
in
h
er
en
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
o
f
ce
llu
la
r
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
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s
.
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
ec
lin
e
in
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
at
h
ig
h
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
al
t
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
d
eliv
e
r
in
g
h
i
g
h
d
ata
r
ates,
s
u
ch
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
n
o
t
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
s
u
s
tain
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
all
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
b
eh
a
v
io
r
r
e
f
lects
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
ad
io
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
s
h
ar
ed
n
etwo
r
k
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
n
ac
h
iev
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
I
t
also
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
b
ased
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Fro
m
a
s
er
v
ice
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
p
er
s
p
e
ctiv
e,
th
ese
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ad
eq
u
ately
r
ep
r
esen
te
d
u
s
in
g
av
er
ag
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
m
etr
ics
alo
n
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
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h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
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s
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n
d
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ter
f
er
en
ce
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
n
etwo
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
3
.
9
.
P
a
ra
m
et
ric
re
lia
bil
it
y
m
o
del r
esu
lt
s
T
o
o
b
tain
a
c
o
m
p
ac
t a
n
aly
tica
l r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata
wer
e
f
itted
u
s
in
g
a
W
eib
u
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e
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ar
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eter
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ar
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ar
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s
tab
ilit
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th
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o
u
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u
t
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er
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o
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id
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er
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em
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n
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wh
ich
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n
s
is
ten
t
with
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
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d
y
n
am
i
c
u
s
er
lo
ad
s
,
an
d
s
h
ar
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r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
ce
llu
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
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h
e
s
ca
le
p
ar
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eter
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ep
r
esen
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e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
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r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
lev
el
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
f
itted
m
o
d
el
clo
s
ely
m
atch
es
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
r
eliab
ilit
y
cu
r
v
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
s
u
itab
i
lity
o
f
th
e
W
eib
u
ll
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
e
n
ab
les
th
e
an
aly
tical
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
Qo
S
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
b
eh
a
v
io
r
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
d
ec
lin
es
r
ap
id
l
y
as
s
er
v
ice
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
in
cr
ea
s
e,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
h
ig
h
-
v
ar
iab
ilit
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r
e
g
im
e
ca
p
t
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
esti
m
ated
W
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ll
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ar
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en
t
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etwe
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ica
l
an
d
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ar
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et
r
ic
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ilit
y
b
eh
av
io
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
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k
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o
r
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ed
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Qo
S a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t a
n
d
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
-
awa
r
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
i
ng.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
em
p
ir
ical
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
(
b
lu
e
lin
e)
a
n
d
th
e
f
itted
W
eib
u
l
l
r
eliab
ilit
y
m
o
d
el
(
r
e
d
d
ash
ed
lin
e)
.
T
h
e
clo
s
e
alig
n
m
en
t b
etwe
en
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
cu
r
v
e
an
d
t
h
e
W
eib
u
l
l
m
o
d
el
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates th
e
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
a
r
am
etr
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
en
ab
les an
aly
tical
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
Qo
S p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
cr
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t th
r
esh
o
ld
s
3
.
1
0
.
E
ng
ineering
ins
ig
hts a
nd
co
ntr
ibu
t
io
n
s
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
m
ix
ed
-
ef
f
ec
ts
m
o
d
e
lin
g
with
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilis
tic
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
en
ab
les
th
is
s
tu
d
y
to
b
r
id
g
e
s
tatis
ti
ca
l
in
f
er
en
ce
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
Qo
S
ev
alu
atio
n
,
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tical
n
etwo
r
k
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
with
in
a
u
n
if
ied
an
aly
tical
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
av
er
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
alo
n
e
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izin
g
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
as
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
ca
p
tu
r
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
th
e
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
I
n
s
tead
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
b
ased
m
etr
ics
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
-
r
elev
a
n
t
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
.
Ad
d
iti
o
n
ally
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
r
o
le
o
f
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
an
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
p
atial
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
in
n
etwo
r
k
p
la
n
n
in
g
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
u
r
th
er
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
em
p
ir
ical
an
aly
tics
an
d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
m
o
d
eli
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
in
tellig
en
t
n
etwo
r
k
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t,
ad
ap
tiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
-
ass
is
ted
ce
llu
lar
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
r
a
d
io
a
n
d
laten
cy
in
d
icato
r
s
ex
p
lain
o
n
ly
p
ar
t
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
wh
ile
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
o
r
tio
n
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
s
ite
-
lev
el
h
eter
o
g
en
eity
.
T
h
is
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
-
awa
r
e
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
d
r
iv
en
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
n
ex
t
-
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ce
llu
lar
n
et
wo
r
k
s
.
3
.
1
1
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
et
o
u
t
to
a
d
d
r
es
s
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
o
f
jo
in
tly
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
u
s
in
g
an
in
te
g
r
ated
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
-
b
ased
an
aly
tical
f
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