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d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
in
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
T
h
eir
p
r
im
ar
y
f
o
cu
s
lies
in
o
f
f
icial
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
as
ed
v
o
lu
n
teer
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
w
h
ich
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
d
is
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
o
f
ten
o
p
er
ate
o
u
ts
id
e
th
ese
f
o
r
m
al
d
ig
ital
s
y
s
tem
s
.
On
e
s
u
ch
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
is
T
AGAN
A
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
a
d
is
aster
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
n
ess
v
o
lu
n
teer
g
r
o
u
p
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
So
cial
Af
f
air
s
.
Desp
ite
its
wid
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
a
n
d
lo
n
g
-
s
tan
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
in
d
is
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
am
o
n
g
m
em
b
e
r
s
lar
g
ely
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as Wh
atsAp
p
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
R
elian
ce
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
cr
ea
te
s
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
r
ag
m
en
te
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
lo
w,
lack
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
v
o
lu
n
teer
p
r
o
f
ilin
g
,
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
m
ap
p
i
n
g
,
lim
ited
lo
g
is
tics
tr
ac
k
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
,
an
d
in
ad
eq
u
ate
d
o
c
u
m
en
tatio
n
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atio
n
an
d
ac
c
o
u
n
ta
b
ilit
y
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
is
aster
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
-
lev
el
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
m
o
b
ile
d
is
aster
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
o
r
d
o
n
atio
n
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
lim
ited
r
esear
ch
a
d
d
r
ess
es
th
e
d
ig
ital
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t
o
f
v
o
lu
n
teer
-
b
ased
d
is
aster
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
in
te
g
r
ated
we
b
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
th
at
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
m
a
n
ag
es
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
an
d
n
o
n
-
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
,
lo
g
is
tics
tr
ac
k
in
g
,
p
u
b
lic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
ac
tiv
ity
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
.
R
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
ter
o
p
e
r
a
b
ilit
y
,
in
teg
r
ated
d
ata
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
d
ig
ital
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
en
t
in
d
is
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
Nev
e
r
th
eless
,
m
o
s
t
d
ig
ital
s
y
s
tem
s
r
e
m
ain
to
p
-
d
o
wn
a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
ally
d
r
iv
e
n
,
with
m
i
n
im
al
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
v
o
lu
n
teer
-
g
en
er
ated
d
ata.
T
h
is
g
ap
is
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
c
r
itical
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies,
wh
e
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
d
is
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
em
er
g
en
cy
o
p
er
atio
n
s
[
3
]
.
A
p
r
o
b
lem
with
th
e
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t
T
AGAN
A
R
ajaw
ali
v
o
lu
n
teer
b
ase
is
th
at
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
a
r
e
m
id
d
le
-
ag
e
d
to
s
ex
ag
en
ar
ian
an
d
n
o
t
tech
-
s
av
v
y
,
b
u
t
th
ey
ar
e
willin
g
to
h
elp
p
eo
p
le
wh
o
ar
e
s
u
f
f
er
in
g
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
m
ak
e
th
em
s
p
en
d
th
eir
tim
e
an
d
m
o
n
ey
.
Fo
r
th
em
,
h
a
v
in
g
m
an
y
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
h
elp
in
g
p
eo
p
le
with
o
u
t a
n
y
atten
tio
n
t
o
ea
r
n
in
g
m
o
n
ey
is
v
er
y
p
leas
an
t
[
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
en
t
a
we
b
-
b
ased
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
to
em
p
o
wer
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
-
b
ased
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
Un
lik
e
ex
is
tin
g
n
atio
n
al
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ates v
o
lu
n
teer
p
r
o
f
ilin
g
,
h
ea
lth
h
u
m
an
r
es
o
u
r
ce
av
ailab
i
lity
m
ap
p
in
g
,
lo
g
is
tics
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
m
u
ltime
d
ia
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
,
an
d
p
u
b
lic
d
is
aster
liter
ac
y
with
in
a
s
in
g
le
d
ig
ital
in
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
t b
y
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
d
ig
ital v
o
lu
n
teer
c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
as a
c
o
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
lay
er
with
in
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
[
5
]
.
Sev
er
al
web
-
b
ased
p
latf
o
r
m
s
in
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
em
en
t m
an
ag
ed
b
y
th
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t a
r
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
s
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Platfo
r
m
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
P
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
M
a
n
a
g
e
d
b
y
U
sag
e
I
n
a
-
r
i
sk
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
B
o
a
r
d
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
o
r
D
i
sast
e
r
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
P
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
o
n
v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
d
i
sas
t
e
r
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
n
d
r
e
c
o
mm
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
o
r
y
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
c
a
n
t
a
k
e
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
l
y
e
Ta
n
g
g
u
h
A
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
t
h
a
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
o
n
l
i
n
e
d
i
sas
t
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
D
i
sast
e
r
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
I
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m (S
I
M
P
B
)
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
D
i
sas
t
e
r
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
R
e
g
e
n
c
y
(
B
P
B
D
)
A
c
t
i
v
e
d
a
t
a
u
p
d
a
t
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
i
sas
t
e
r
[
5
]
D
i
sast
e
r
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
I
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m (S
I
M
P
B
)
B
P
B
D
D
K
I
Jak
a
r
t
a
D
i
sast
e
r
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
(
S
I
M
P
B
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
sy
s
t
e
m
,
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
d
a
t
a
,
d
i
sas
t
e
r
r
i
s
k
,
a
n
d
d
i
s
a
st
e
r
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
[
6
]
,
[
8
]
H
e
a
l
t
h
c
r
i
s
i
s
c
e
n
t
r
e
H
e
a
l
t
h
M
i
n
i
st
r
y
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
,
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s,
d
e
v
i
c
e
s,
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
t
o
m
a
n
a
g
e
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
ma
n
n
e
r
[
9
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
E
mp
o
w
erin
g
d
is
a
s
ter vo
lu
n
teers
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
w
eb
-
b
a
s
ed
in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
s
ystem
…
(
E
mme
lia
K
r
is
tin
a
Hu
ta
g
a
o
l
)
881
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
a
c
o
llab
o
r
ati
o
n
b
etwe
en
Su
h
er
m
an
Me
d
ik
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
T
AGAN
A
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
em
p
o
wer
in
g
th
em
to
b
u
il
d
a
web
-
b
ased
a
p
p
licatio
n
to
s
er
v
e
as
an
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
h
e
alth
wo
r
k
er
s
;
p
r
o
v
id
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
n
d
is
aster
liter
ac
y
;
an
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
lo
g
is
tics
,
wh
ich
ar
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
d
is
aster
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
b
ased
o
n
n
e
ed
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
is
a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
tical
s
tu
d
y
with
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
as
an
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
Su
h
er
m
an
Me
d
ik
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
in
th
is
ca
s
e
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
Scien
ce
,
in
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
T
AG
ANA
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
Firstl
y
,
in
-
d
e
p
th
one
-
on
-
o
n
e
in
ter
v
i
ews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
with
T
AGAN
A
I
n
d
o
n
esia
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
ajaw
ali
Vo
lu
n
teer
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
th
ey
h
av
e
to
f
ac
e
,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
a
v
iew
n
ar
i
g
atin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
u
n
d
,
in
clu
d
in
g
c
h
allen
g
es,
lim
itatio
n
s
,
b
en
ef
it
an
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
o
f
o
n
lin
e
s
o
u
r
c
es,
wh
at
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
wo
u
ld
b
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ef
u
l
,
an
d
h
o
w
th
at
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
u
ld
id
ea
lly
b
e
p
r
esen
te
d
o
n
lin
e
.
Af
ter
it
was
d
i
s
co
v
er
ed
th
at
th
er
e
was
n
o
ac
tiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
o
wn
ed
,
r
es
ea
r
ch
b
eg
an
b
ased
o
n
a
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
s
ev
er
al
alter
n
ativ
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
r
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
th
at
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
.
Af
ter
th
at,
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
co
m
p
iled
to
o
b
tain
an
o
v
e
r
v
i
ew
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
T
AGAN
A
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
v
er
y
m
u
c
h
n
ee
d
e
d
b
y
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
to
h
a
v
e
ea
s
y
ac
ce
s
s
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
with
f
ello
w
T
AGAN
A
co
lleag
u
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
I
n
d
o
n
esia
,
w
h
eth
er
it
is
ab
o
u
t
th
e
latest
n
ews.
A
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
h
ea
lth
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
J
u
n
e
to
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
5
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
to
o
k
d
ata
f
r
o
m
T
AGAN
A
R
AJA
W
AL
I
m
em
b
er
s
wh
o
wer
e
s
till
ac
tiv
e
an
d
h
ad
at
least
o
n
e
d
is
aster
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
as
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
e
e
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
T
ag
a
n
a
m
em
b
er
s
wh
o
d
id
n
o
t
c
o
m
p
lete
t
h
eir
an
s
wer
s
.
Qu
a
n
titativ
e
r
ese
ar
ch
was
c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
a
2
5
-
q
u
esti
o
n
by
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
to
a
to
tal
s
am
p
le
o
f
7
5
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
with
a
h
ea
lth
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
an
d
1
5
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
test
ed
f
o
r
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Valid
ity
test
r
es
u
lts
u
s
in
g
Pear
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
f
r
o
m
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
1
5
q
u
esti
o
n
s
h
ad
v
alu
es
ab
o
v
e
th
e
ta
b
le
v
alu
e
>
0
.
3
6
1
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
test
r
esu
lt
s
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
Alp
h
a
(
v
alu
e
>
0
.
6
0
o
r
0
.
7
0
)
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
lt
was
0
.
6
2
0
,
s
o
all
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ata,
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
esu
lts
,
wer
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
n
o
n
-
p
a
r
am
etr
ic
an
aly
tical
d
escr
ip
tio
n
.
Qu
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iews
with
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
f
r
o
m
r
elev
an
t
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
[
1
2
]
.
Par
ticip
atio
n
was
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
d
ig
itally
b
ef
o
r
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
Data
co
n
f
i
d
en
tiality
an
d
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
wer
e
m
ai
n
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Vo
lu
n
teer
s
wh
o
wer
e
p
a
r
ticip
atin
g
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
wer
e
d
ir
ec
ted
to
a
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
ask
in
g
h
o
w
wer
e
r
ec
r
u
itm
en
t,
t
h
eir
v
o
lu
n
teer
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
u
r
in
g
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
T
AGAN
A
m
em
b
er
,
an
d
th
eir
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
a
n
e
m
p
o
w
e
r
i
n
g
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
i
n
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
f
t
e
r
b
e
i
n
g
o
p
e
n
f
o
r
o
n
e
w
e
e
k
,
a
t
o
t
a
l
7
1
f
r
o
m
7
5
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
t
h
a
t
h
a
s
h
e
a
l
t
h
s
cien
ce
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
o
m
p
lete
d
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
wo
r
k
s
tep
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
1
4
]
:
i)
C
o
n
d
u
ct
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
b
ase
o
n
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
1
5
]
ii)
Desig
n
b
y
b
u
ild
in
g
web
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
[
1
6
]
iii)
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
b
y
c
o
m
p
letin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
[
1
7
]
iv
)
T
esti
n
g
to
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t w
h
eter
t
h
e
u
s
er
is
r
u
n
n
in
g
well
[
1
8
]
v)
Ma
in
tan
ce
b
y
d
i
v
id
in
g
th
e
tas
k
s
am
o
n
g
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
to
u
p
d
at
e
p
h
o
to
s
,
v
id
e
o
s
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
u
p
d
ate
d
ata
t
h
e
web
s
ite
[
1
5
]
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
8
7
9
-
886
882
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
-
d
ep
t
h
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
with
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
es
f
r
o
m
T
AGAN
A
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
T
a
b
le
2
)
,
th
e
B
NP
B
,
an
d
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
S
o
cial
Af
f
air
s
,
id
e
n
tifie
d
t
h
at:
i
)
th
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
a
n
in
teg
r
ated
d
ig
ital
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
;
ii)
lim
ited
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
atio
n
o
f
m
an
p
o
wer
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
d
u
r
atio
n
;
iii)
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
o
n
W
h
atsAp
p
-
b
a
s
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
;
iv
)
lack
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
lo
g
is
tics
r
ep
o
r
ti
n
g
;
an
d
v
)
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
u
ltime
d
ia
d
o
c
u
m
en
tatio
n
(
ac
tiv
ity
p
h
o
to
s
,
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
p
r
o
f
iles
)
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
a
t
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
-
b
ased
d
is
aster
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
r
e
q
u
ir
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
d
ig
ital
s
y
s
tem
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
o
r
d
in
at
io
n
,
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
,
a
n
d
ac
c
o
u
n
tab
ilit
y
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
n
atio
n
al
p
latf
o
r
m
s
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
by
B
NPB
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
is
aster
r
is
k
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
,
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
teg
r
ate
v
o
lu
n
teer
p
r
o
f
ilin
g
an
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
av
ailab
ilit
y
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
i
s
m
u
c
h
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
t
h
at
t
r
a
in
e
d
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
s
p
l
ay
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
r
o
l
e
i
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
at
a
l
l
s
t
a
g
es
;
p
a
r
t
ic
u
l
a
r
l
y
,
h
e
a
l
th
c
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
d
el
i
v
e
r
i
n
g
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
c
a
r
e
a
n
d
s
e
r
v
ic
e
s
f
r
o
m
m
it
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
[
1
9
]
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
3
,
f
r
o
m
7
5
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
es
,
7
1
w
e
r
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
(
9
4
.
7
%
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
r
a
t
e
)
:
2
8
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
h
a
d
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
s
ci
e
n
c
e
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
2
7
h
a
d
n
o
n
-
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
s
cie
n
ce
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
4
5
h
ad
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
,
an
d
3
9
r
ep
o
r
ted
≥
2
d
is
aster
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
v
o
lv
em
en
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
s
ass
ess
m
e
n
t,
a
web
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
co
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
es:
i
)
v
o
lu
n
teer
p
r
o
f
ilin
g
an
d
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
av
ailab
ilit
y
m
ap
p
in
g
;
ii
)
lo
g
is
tics
an
d
d
o
n
atio
n
tr
ac
k
in
g
m
o
d
u
le
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
;
iii
)
n
ews
an
d
ac
ti
v
ity
d
o
c
u
m
en
tatio
n
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
(
Fig
u
r
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4
)
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iv
)
m
u
ltime
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r
ep
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g
s
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s
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(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
;
a
n
d
v
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r
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n
.
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s
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2
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v
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web
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Fig
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Fig
u
r
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5
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Activ
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Do
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p
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a
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d
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r
s
t
o
an
ass
o
ciatio
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,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
l
e
:
m
o
n
ey
,
m
ed
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e,
clo
th
in
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an
d
o
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er
l
o
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n
d
is
aster
s
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ar
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s
ev
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s
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ic
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o
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cu
ltu
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p
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an
d
s
u
p
p
lies
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
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o
p
m
en
t u
s
ed
[
2
4
]
:
i)
T
o
cr
ea
te
a
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s
e
d
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r
am
b
y
m
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d
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it b
ased
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r
esu
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in
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n
d
f
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is
cu
s
s
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r
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p
;
ii)
Use
a
s
eq
u
en
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d
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g
r
am
t
o
s
h
o
w
in
ter
ac
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s
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etwe
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jects
;
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d
iii)
Use
an
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p
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-
s
o
u
r
ce
d
atab
ase,
n
am
ely
MY
SQQL
,
wh
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s
u
p
p
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t
f
o
r
m
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lth
i
-
th
r
ea
d
e
d
an
d
m
u
lti
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u
s
er
a
p
p
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s
.
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ep
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t
o
r
g
an
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th
at
ca
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u
p
d
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m
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s
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o
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e
latest
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ews,
a
ler
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d
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elev
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Ass
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t m
a
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d
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
to
av
o
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d
m
is
in
f
o
r
m
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[
2
5
]
.
3
.
1
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
i
o
ns
f
o
r
dis
a
s
t
er
a
nd
pu
bli
c
hea
lt
h sy
s
t
em
s
T
h
e
in
teg
r
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n
o
f
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
h
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lth
wo
r
k
f
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ce
m
a
p
p
in
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t
o
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s
tr
u
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ed
d
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as
s
ev
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al
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
d
is
aster
m
an
a
g
em
en
t:
i
)
im
p
r
o
v
ed
h
ea
lth
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
b
y
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
r
a
p
id
m
o
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ilizatio
n
d
u
r
in
g
em
er
g
e
n
cy
r
es
p
o
n
s
e;
ii
)
en
h
a
n
ce
d
l
o
g
is
tics
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
b
y
s
tr
u
ctu
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ed
tr
ac
k
in
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d
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ce
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d
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p
licatio
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a
n
d
m
is
allo
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tio
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o
f
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eso
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s
;
iii
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s
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en
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th
en
ed
co
m
m
u
n
ity
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ased
s
u
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v
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d
o
cu
m
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tatio
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an
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ly
r
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p
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;
iv
)
d
ig
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tal
h
ea
l
th
liter
ac
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ex
p
an
s
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b
y
t
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latf
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f
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cilitates
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h
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;
v
)
co
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p
lem
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tar
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ar
ti
cu
lar
ly
in
m
id
d
le
-
in
co
m
e
co
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n
tr
ies
[
2
6
]
.
Hea
lth
eq
u
ity
ap
p
r
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ac
h
es
at
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e
p
o
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icy
lev
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m
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ased
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web
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f
T
ag
a
n
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R
ajaw
ali
[
2
7
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
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web
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n
teer
(
u
p
d
ates
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia)
,
lo
g
is
tic
tr
a
ck
er
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
a
n
d
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
in
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
g
o
als
ar
e
g
iv
in
g
m
o
r
e
m
u
ltime
d
ia
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
ac
ti
v
ities
,
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
it is
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t b
ec
au
s
e
m
ad
e
o
n
n
ee
d
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
t
o
d
i
s
as
t
e
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
ic
s
b
y
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
a
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
-
c
e
n
te
r
e
d
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
t
h
a
t
c
o
m
b
in
e
s
h
e
a
l
t
h
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
c
e
m
a
p
p
i
n
g
,
l
o
g
i
s
ti
c
s
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
m
u
l
ti
m
e
d
i
a
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
w
e
b
-
b
as
e
d
p
l
at
f
o
r
m
—
a
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
n
o
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
d
i
s
as
t
e
r
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
L
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
r
e
f
e
r
s
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
c
l
u
s
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v
e
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es
s
a
n
d
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
ti
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
a
l
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
ts
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Ne
ed
s
ass
es
s
m
en
t
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
r
o
le
p
lay
e
d
b
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
m
em
b
er
s
in
id
en
tify
i
n
g
th
e
h
ea
lth
n
ee
d
s
an
d
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
t
o
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
;
it
is
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
’
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
’
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
a
n
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
s
ev
er
al
lim
itatio
n
s
:
i
)
T
h
e
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
v
o
lv
e
d
a
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all
s
am
p
le
(
n
=
7
1
)
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
v
o
lu
n
t
ee
r
s
with
h
ea
lth
-
r
elate
d
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
with
in
a
s
in
g
le
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
to
o
th
er
v
o
lu
n
teer
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
o
r
r
eg
io
n
s
m
ay
b
e
lim
ited
;
ii
)
T
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
f
o
cu
s
ed
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
r
ath
er
th
an
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
ef
f
ec
t
iv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
s
u
ch
as
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
,
lo
g
i
s
tics
ef
f
icien
cy
,
o
r
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
d
u
r
in
g
ac
t
u
al
d
is
aster
d
ep
l
o
y
m
en
t;
iii
)
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
r
el
ied
p
ar
tly
o
n
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
ted
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
ata,
wh
ich
m
ay
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
r
esp
o
n
s
e
b
ias.
Al
th
o
u
g
h
tr
ian
g
u
lated
with
q
u
alitativ
e
in
ter
v
iews,
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
v
alid
at
io
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
s
y
s
tem
u
s
ag
e
was
n
o
t
co
n
d
u
cted
o
v
er
an
e
x
ten
d
ed
p
er
io
d
;
an
d
iv
)
I
n
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
test
in
g
with
n
atio
n
al
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t sy
s
tem
s
was n
o
t im
p
lem
en
ted
at
th
is
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
cu
r
r
en
tly
o
p
er
ates a
s
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
p
latf
o
r
m
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
i
n
itial
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
v
o
lu
n
tee
r
-
ce
n
ter
ed
d
ig
ita
l
d
is
aster
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
d
is
aster
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
cr
o
s
s
-
ac
to
r
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Stre
n
g
th
e
n
in
g
cr
o
s
s
-
ag
en
cy
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
will
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
d
is
aster
m
itig
atio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
d
is
aster
m
itig
atio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
Un
i
v
er
s
itas
M
e
d
i
k
a
S
u
h
e
r
m
a
n
.
T
h
i
s
r
es
e
ar
c
h
h
a
s
non
-
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
in
g
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
a
d
ec
la
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
o
l
i
ti
c
a
l,
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
,
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
,
i
d
e
o
l
o
g
ic
a
l
,
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
,
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
l
l
ec
t
u
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
es
ts
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
re
n
o
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
n
g
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
al
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
s
h
ip
s
t
h
a
t
c
o
u
l
d
h
a
v
e
a
p
p
e
a
r
e
d
t
o
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
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R
M
A
T
I
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Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
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DATA AV
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[
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M
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