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I
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,
Sep
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20
26
:
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m
a
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a
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t
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n
t
s
[
8
]
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
r
e
d
s
p
i
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a
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[
9
]
.
R
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s
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(
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[
1
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]
.
R
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[
9
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.
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[
1
1
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[
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.
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n
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.
3
%
[
1
3
]
.
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[
1
3
]
.
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.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
a
p
u
r
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
d
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n
with
a
co
m
p
letely
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an
d
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m
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d
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n
with
o
n
e
f
ac
to
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,
n
am
el
y
th
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tio
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h
f
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s
titu
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to
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lo
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r
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u
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.
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h
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e
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tr
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m
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e
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ased
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p
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n
ta
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o
f
r
e
d
s
p
in
ac
h
f
lo
u
r
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
,
n
am
ely
P0
(
co
n
tr
o
l,
0
%),
P1
(
1
0
%),
P2
(
2
0
%),
P3
(
3
0
%),
a
n
d
P4
(
4
0
%).
E
ac
h
t
r
ea
tm
en
t
was
r
ep
ea
ted
th
r
ee
tim
es,
s
o
th
at
th
e
to
tal
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
u
n
it
r
ea
ch
ed
1
5
r
ep
li
ca
tio
n
s
,
wh
ich
allo
wed
f
o
r
a
d
eq
u
at
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
.
T
h
e
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
le
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
r
ed
s
p
in
ac
h
f
lo
u
r
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
in
cl
u
d
ed
Fe
co
n
ten
t,
a
n
tio
x
id
a
n
t
ac
tiv
ity
(
I
C
5
0
ag
ain
s
t
DPPH),
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
in
th
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
lo
r
,
ar
o
m
a,
tast
e,
tex
tu
r
e
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
.
C
o
n
tr
o
lled
v
ar
iab
les
in
clu
d
ed
th
e
ty
p
e
an
d
b
r
an
d
o
f
r
aw
m
ater
ials
o
t
h
er
th
a
n
r
ed
am
ar
an
t
h
f
lo
u
r
,
b
ak
in
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
tim
e,
ca
k
e
s
ize
an
d
th
ick
n
ess
,
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es to
m
ain
tain
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
e
twee
n
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
.
2
.
2
.
T
im
e
a
nd
pla
ce
o
f
re
s
ea
rc
h
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
last
ed
f
o
r
f
i
v
e
m
o
n
th
s
,
f
r
o
m
No
v
e
m
b
er
2
0
2
5
t
o
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
6
.
R
ed
am
ar
an
th
f
lo
u
r
was
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
at
th
e
Her
b
al
Me
d
icin
e
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
L
a
b
o
r
ato
r
y
,
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
Her
b
al
Me
d
icin
e,
Po
ltek
k
es
Kem
en
k
es
Su
r
ak
ar
ta,
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia,
wh
ile
ir
o
n
c
o
n
ten
t
a
n
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
th
e
AAS
m
eth
o
d
was
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
UNS
An
aly
tical
C
h
em
is
tr
y
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
in
Su
r
ak
ar
ta.
An
tio
x
id
an
t
ac
tiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
th
e
DPPH
m
eth
o
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
R
ed
s
p
in
a
ch
flo
u
r
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
in
co
o
kies:
effec
ts
o
n
ir
o
n
c
o
n
ten
t,
a
n
tio
xid
a
n
t
…
(
Yen
i Tu
tu
R
o
h
ima
h
)
841
was c
o
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
Ph
a
r
m
ac
o
g
n
o
s
y
a
n
d
Ph
y
t
o
ch
em
is
tr
y
L
ab
o
r
at
o
r
y
,
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t o
f
Her
b
al
Me
d
icin
e,
wh
ile
s
en
s
o
r
y
test
in
g
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
y
test
in
g
r
o
o
m
o
f
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
Her
b
al
M
ed
icin
e,
wh
ich
m
et
lig
h
tin
g
an
d
v
e
n
tilatio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
s
tag
es
b
eg
a
n
with
r
esear
ch
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
an
d
eth
ical
p
er
m
itti
n
g
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
r
ed
a
m
ar
an
t
h
f
lo
u
r
p
r
e
p
ar
atio
n
an
d
i
n
itial
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
test
in
g
.
Af
ter
th
at,
co
o
k
ies
wer
e
m
ad
e
f
o
r
all
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
with
r
ep
et
itio
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
Fe
an
d
DPPH,
h
ed
o
n
ic
s
en
s
o
r
y
test
in
g
,
an
d
f
in
a
lly
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
an
aly
s
is
to
co
m
p
ile
th
e
f
in
al
r
ep
o
r
t.
2
.
3
.
M
a
t
er
ia
l
a
nd
p
ro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
m
ain
r
esear
ch
m
ater
ials
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
f
r
esh
r
e
d
s
p
in
ac
h
o
f
lo
ca
l
v
ar
ieties
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
Pas
ar
Ged
e
Su
r
ak
a
r
ta,
lo
w
-
p
r
o
tein
wh
ea
t
f
lo
u
r
(
ce
r
tain
b
r
an
d
s
)
,
m
ar
g
a
r
in
e,
r
ef
in
e
d
s
u
g
a
r
,
eg
g
y
o
lk
s
,
p
o
wd
er
e
d
m
ilk
,
b
ak
i
n
g
p
o
wd
er
,
v
a
n
illa
p
o
wd
er
,
an
d
s
alt.
T
h
e
r
ed
s
p
i
n
ac
h
u
s
ed
was
th
e
leaf
p
ar
t
al
o
n
g
with
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
,
s
o
f
t
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
ch
em
icals
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
Fe
an
aly
s
is
in
clu
d
ed
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ated
HNO3
,
HC
lO4
,
Fe
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
an
d
d
is
till
ed
wate
r
,
wh
ile
th
e
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
an
tio
x
id
an
t
an
al
y
s
is
in
clu
d
ed
DPPH,
m
eth
an
o
l
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
asco
r
b
ic
ac
id
as
a
co
n
tr
o
l
.
T
h
e
to
o
ls
n
ee
d
ed
i
n
clu
d
e
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
f
o
r
s
p
in
ac
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
(
k
n
if
e,
b
len
d
er
,
ca
b
in
et
d
r
y
er
,
a
n
d
8
0
m
esh
s
iev
e)
,
co
o
k
ie
m
a
k
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
(
s
ca
les,
m
ix
er
,
r
o
llin
g
p
in
,
m
o
ld
s
,
b
ak
in
g
p
a
n
s
,
an
d
o
v
en
)
,
an
al
y
tical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
AAS
f
o
r
Fe,
m
u
f
f
le
f
u
r
n
ac
e,
cu
v
ette,
UV
-
Vis
f
o
r
D
PP
H)
,
an
d
to
o
ls
f
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
y
test
in
g
(
th
r
ee
-
d
ig
it c
o
d
e
p
late,
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
m
,
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
y
ch
a
m
b
er
)
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
b
e
g
a
n
with
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
ed
s
p
in
ac
h
f
lo
u
r
b
y
s
o
r
tin
g
th
e
l
ea
v
es
an
d
s
tem
s
o
f
tu
m
b
a,
wash
in
g
,
an
d
b
lan
ch
in
g
at
a
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
9
0
–
95
°C
f
o
r
3
m
in
u
tes
f
o
r
en
zy
m
e
in
ac
tiv
atio
n
an
d
o
x
alate
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
r
ap
i
d
co
o
lin
g
in
ic
e
wate
r
.
T
h
e
b
lan
c
h
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
a
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
etr
ea
tm
en
t
ap
p
lied
to
leaf
y
v
eg
etab
les
at
a
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
7
0
–
100
°C
f
o
r
1
–
1
5
m
in
u
tes
to
s
to
p
en
zy
m
atic
ac
tiv
ity
,
m
ain
tain
co
lo
r
,
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
an
tin
u
tr
ien
ts
s
u
ch
as
o
x
alate
[
1
4
]
.
Hig
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
b
lan
c
h
in
g
f
o
r
a
s
h
o
r
t
tim
e
is
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
e
ctiv
e
in
p
r
eser
v
in
g
a
s
co
r
b
ic
ac
id
th
an
l
o
w
-
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
d
u
r
atio
n
[
1
5
]
.
As
a
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
e,
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
tim
e
o
f
w
h
iten
in
g
a
r
e
s
tr
ictly
co
n
tr
o
lled
:
a
q
u
ick
d
ip
is
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
g
o
o
d
wh
iten
in
g
;
f
o
r
wh
iten
in
g
(
5
0
±
2
°C
)
b
etwe
en
1
8
a
n
d
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
,
f
o
r
m
in
im
u
m
th
er
m
al
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
an
d
f
o
r
a
wh
iten
in
g
o
f
life
.
L
ig
h
t to
p
r
e
v
en
t o
x
i
d
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
s
to
r
ag
e.
2.
4
.
F
o
rm
ula
t
i
o
n
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
f
iv
e
co
o
k
ie
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
s
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lev
els
o
f
r
ed
s
p
in
ac
h
f
lo
u
r
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
tio
n
(
0
%,
1
0
%,
2
0
%,
3
0
%,
an
d
4
0
%)
r
e
p
lacin
g
wh
ea
t f
lo
u
r
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
m
ar
g
a
r
in
e,
p
o
wd
er
ed
s
u
g
ar
,
eg
g
y
o
l
k
,
m
ilk
p
o
wd
er
,
b
ak
in
g
p
o
wd
er
,
v
an
il
la
p
o
wd
er
,
an
d
s
alt
wer
e
k
ep
t
co
n
s
tan
t
ac
r
o
s
s
all
f
o
r
m
u
lati
o
n
s
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
r
e
d
s
p
in
ac
h
f
lo
u
r
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
was th
e
o
n
ly
v
ar
iab
le
th
at
d
if
f
er
e
d
am
o
n
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
s
.
I
r
o
n
co
n
te
n
t
an
aly
s
is
was
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
wet
d
ig
esti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
u
s
in
g
a
m
ix
tu
r
e
o
f
n
itric
ac
id
an
d
p
er
c
h
lo
r
ic
ac
id
,
g
r
ad
u
all
y
,
u
n
til
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
was
clea
r
,
th
en
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
with
AAS
a
t
a
wav
elen
g
th
o
f
2
4
8
.
3
n
m
.
T
h
e
Fe
s
tan
d
ar
d
c
u
r
v
e
was
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
r
o
m
a
1
0
0
0
p
p
m
s
to
ck
s
o
lu
tio
n
with
s
ev
er
al
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
p
o
in
ts
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
h
ig
h
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
d
u
p
licate
f
o
r
ea
c
h
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
u
n
it
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
Fe
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
An
tio
x
id
an
t
ac
tiv
ity
an
al
y
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
s
am
p
le
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
u
s
in
g
m
e
th
an
o
l
m
ac
er
atio
n
,
s
o
lv
e
n
t
ev
a
p
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
d
ilu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
t
o
a
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
er
ies
f
o
r
I
C
5
0
an
aly
s
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
DPPH
r
ad
ical
in
h
ib
itio
n
at
5
1
7
n
m
.
T
h
e
test
was p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
d
u
p
licate
f
o
r
ea
ch
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
u
n
it.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
o
k
ie
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
with
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
r
ed
s
p
in
ac
h
f
lo
u
r
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
P
0
(
0
%)
P
1
(
1
0
%)
P
2
(
2
0
%)
P
3
(
3
0
%)
P
4
(
4
0
%)
W
h
e
a
t
f
l
o
u
r
(
g
)
2
0
0
1
8
0
1
6
0
1
4
0
1
2
0
R
e
d
s
p
i
n
a
c
h
f
l
o
u
r
(
g
)
0
20
40
60
80
M
a
r
g
a
r
i
n
e
(
g
)
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
P
o
w
d
e
r
e
d
su
g
a
r
(
g
)
80
80
80
80
80
Eg
g
y
o
l
k
(
p
i
e
c
e
)
2
2
2
2
2
M
i
l
k
p
o
w
d
e
r
(
g
)
20
20
20
20
20
B
a
k
i
n
g
p
o
w
d
e
r
(
g
)
2
2
2
2
2
V
a
n
i
l
l
a
p
o
w
d
e
r
(
g
)
1
1
1
1
1
S
a
l
t
(
g
)
1
1
1
1
1
2.
5
.
Sens
o
ry
t
est
Sen
s
o
r
y
test
in
g
u
s
ed
a
p
a
n
el
o
f
3
0
s
em
i
-
tr
ai
n
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
Her
b
al
Me
d
icin
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Hea
lth
Po
l
y
tech
n
ic
o
f
Su
r
ak
ar
ta.
Pan
elis
ts
ass
es
s
ed
f
iv
e
s
en
s
o
r
y
p
a
r
am
et
er
s
—
co
lo
r
,
ar
o
m
a
,
tast
e,
tex
tu
r
e,
an
d
o
v
er
all
ac
c
ep
tab
ilit
y
u
s
in
g
a
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
h
ed
o
n
ic
s
ca
le.
Ass
ess
m
en
ts
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
a
co
m
p
letely
r
a
n
d
o
m
ized
d
esig
n
with
s
am
p
les
r
a
n
d
o
m
ly
p
r
e
s
en
ted
o
n
th
r
ee
-
d
ig
it
co
d
ed
p
lates
to
av
o
id
b
ias.
Ass
es
s
o
r
s
wer
e
also
p
r
o
v
id
ed
with
m
in
er
al
wate
r
an
d
p
lain
cr
ac
k
e
r
s
to
n
eu
t
r
alize
th
e
tast
e
b
etwe
en
s
am
p
les.
Hed
o
n
ic
d
ata
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
o
n
-
p
a
r
am
etr
ic
Kr
u
s
k
al
-
W
alli
s
test
d
u
e
to
th
e
o
r
d
in
al
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
8
3
9
-
847
842
d
ata,
with
a
f
u
r
th
er
Ma
n
n
-
W
h
itn
ey
test
f
o
r
p
air
wis
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
if
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
;
d
at
a
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
was a
ls
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
b
a
r
ch
ar
ts
o
r
r
ad
ar
ch
ar
ts
.
2.
6
.
Sa
m
ple
s
ize
j
us
t
if
ica
t
io
n
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
iv
e
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
with
th
r
ee
r
ep
licatio
n
s
y
ield
in
g
1
5
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
u
n
its
is
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t
with
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
letely
r
a
n
d
o
m
ize
d
d
esig
n
(
C
R
D)
in
f
o
o
d
s
cien
ce
r
ese
ar
ch
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fed
er
er
'
s
r
u
le,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ep
licatio
n
s
s
atis
f
ies
th
e
in
eq
u
ality
(
t
−
1
)
(
r
−1
)
≥
1
2
,
wh
er
e
t
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
an
d
r
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ep
licatio
n
s
.
W
ith
t
=
5
a
n
d
r
=
3
,
th
e
er
r
o
r
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
eq
u
al
1
0
,
wh
ich
,
wh
ile
b
elo
w
th
e
id
ea
l
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
1
2
,
r
em
ain
s
ac
ce
p
tab
le
f
o
r
p
r
eli
m
in
ar
y
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
s
tu
d
ies
with
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
-
b
ased
an
aly
tical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
co
n
d
u
cted
in
d
u
p
licate.
T
h
e
3
0
s
e
m
i
-
tr
ain
ed
p
an
elis
ts
f
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
y
ev
alu
atio
n
m
ee
t th
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
p
an
el
s
ize
f
o
r
h
ed
o
n
ic
test
in
g
.
2.
7
.
Ra
nd
o
m
iza
t
io
n
pro
ce
s
s
a
nd
pro
du
ct
io
n v
a
ria
bil
it
y
co
ntr
o
l
T
r
ea
tm
en
t
allo
ca
tio
n
to
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
u
n
its
f
o
llo
wed
a
C
R
D,
wh
er
ein
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
1
5
b
atch
es
was
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
ass
ig
n
ed
a
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
u
s
in
g
a
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
g
en
er
ato
r
.
Sen
s
o
r
y
s
am
p
les
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
r
an
d
o
m
ize
d
o
r
d
er
with
th
r
ee
-
d
ig
it
co
d
es
to
m
in
im
ize
o
r
d
er
a
n
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
b
ias.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
was
m
ain
tain
ed
b
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
izin
g
all
in
g
r
ed
ie
n
ts
(
b
r
an
d
,
b
atch
)
,
u
s
in
g
id
e
n
tical
b
ak
in
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
d
u
r
atio
n
,
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
o
u
g
h
weig
h
t
an
d
m
o
ld
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
f
o
llo
win
g
a
s
in
g
le
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ex
ec
u
ted
b
y
o
n
e
tr
ain
ed
o
p
e
r
ato
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t a
ll p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
r
u
n
s
.
2.
8
.
Da
t
a
pro
ce
s
s
ing
Data
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
s
ed
SP
SS
v
e
r
s
io
n
2
6
.
0
.
Pre
r
eq
u
is
ite
test
s
i
n
clu
d
ed
th
e
Sh
a
p
ir
o
-
W
ilk
n
o
r
m
ality
test
an
d
L
ev
e
n
e'
s
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
test
.
Fo
r
Fe
an
d
I
C
5
0
d
ata,
On
e
-
W
ay
ANOV
A
an
aly
s
is
wa
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
if
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
wer
e
m
et,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
Du
n
ca
n
'
s
Mu
lt
ip
le
R
an
g
e
T
est
(
DM
R
T
)
o
r
T
u
k
ey
h
o
n
estl
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
c
e
(
HSD
)
as
a
p
o
s
t
h
o
c
test
.
I
f
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
wer
e
n
o
t
m
et,
Kr
u
s
k
al
-
W
allis
non
-
p
ar
am
etr
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
Ma
n
n
-
W
h
itn
ey
with
B
o
n
f
er
r
o
n
i
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
o
f
r
ed
s
p
in
ac
h
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
with
Fe
an
d
I
C
5
0
u
s
ed
Pear
s
o
n
o
r
Sp
e
ar
m
an
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
o
f
th
e
d
ata.
All r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
as m
ea
n
±
SD,
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
was set a
t α
=
0
.
0
5
.
2.
9
.
Resea
rc
h
f
lo
w
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
s
t
h
e
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
c
t
i
v
it
i
e
s
,
f
r
o
m
r
e
d
s
p
i
n
ac
h
p
r
o
c
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
a
n
d
r
e
p
o
r
t
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
b
e
g
in
s
w
i
t
h
s
p
i
n
a
c
h
r
a
w
m
at
e
r
i
a
l
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
s
o
r
t
i
n
g
,
w
a
s
h
i
n
g
,
b
l
a
n
c
h
i
n
g
,
d
r
y
i
n
g
,
m
i
l
l
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
o
f
r
e
d
s
p
i
n
a
c
h
f
l
o
u
r
.
N
e
x
t
,
c
o
o
k
i
es
w
er
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
w
it
h
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
,
c
o
o
k
i
e
s
w
e
r
e
m
a
d
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
t
r
ea
t
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
s
a
m
p
l
es
we
r
e
d
i
v
i
d
e
d
f
o
r
F
e
,
DP
PH
,
a
n
d
s
e
n
s
o
r
y
a
n
al
y
s
is
.
D
at
a
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Fe
,
I
C
5
0
,
a
n
d
s
e
n
s
o
r
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
we
r
e
t
h
e
n
s
t
a
t
is
ti
c
a
ll
y
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
ti
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
r
e
d
s
p
i
n
ac
h
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u
b
s
t
i
t
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ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
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e
t
es
t
e
d
p
r
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p
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o
t
h
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t
t
h
e
y
c
a
n
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e
e
v
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l
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at
e
d
a
s
an
i
r
o
n
-
r
i
c
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s
n
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c
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
f
lo
w
3.
RE
SU
L
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ab
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2
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am
ar
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n
th
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lo
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r
(
A
ma
r
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n
t
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s
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r
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s
i
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ican
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cr
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e
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co
n
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t
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o
k
ies
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r
o
p
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r
tio
n
ally
to
th
e
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
lev
el
(
p
<0
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)
.
T
h
e
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co
n
ten
t
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
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2252
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8
8
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p
in
a
ch
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u
r
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u
b
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ir
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s
ed
g
r
ad
u
ally
to
9
.
3
1
±
0
.
3
4
m
g
/1
0
0
g
at
4
0
%
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
(
P4
)
,
wh
ich
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t
to
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
3
3
5
.
0
5
%
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
E
ac
h
tr
ea
tm
en
t
s
h
o
wed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
c
es
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
b
ased
o
n
th
e
DM
R
T
test
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
d
o
s
e
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
r
ed
am
a
r
an
th
f
lo
u
r
a
n
d
th
e
Fe
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
co
o
k
i
es.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
h
ig
h
ir
o
n
co
n
ten
t
in
r
ed
am
a
r
an
th
wh
ich
is
k
n
o
wn
to
co
n
tain
Fe
ar
o
u
n
d
2
.
2
–
7
.
0
m
g
/
1
0
0
g
f
r
esh
weig
h
t,
s
o
th
at
its
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
d
ir
ec
tly
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes to
th
e
n
atu
r
al
f
o
r
tific
atio
n
o
f
co
o
k
ie
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
a
b
l
e
3
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
at
e
s
t
h
a
t
r
ed
a
m
a
r
a
n
t
h
(
A
m
a
r
a
n
t
h
u
s
tr
i
co
l
o
r
L
.
)
f
l
o
u
r
s
u
b
s
t
it
u
t
i
o
n
s
ig
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
c
o
o
k
i
e
a
n
t
i
o
x
i
d
a
n
t
a
ct
i
v
i
t
y
b
as
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
D
PP
H
ass
ay
(
p
<
0
.
0
5
)
.
T
h
e
I
C
₅
₀
v
a
l
u
e
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
i
v
e
l
y
f
r
o
m
4
8
7
.
3
2
±
1
8
.
4
5
µ
g
/
m
L
(
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
e
r
y
w
e
a
k
)
t
o
1
1
2
.
3
7
±
7
.
2
4
µ
g
/
m
L
(
4
0
%
s
u
b
s
t
it
u
ti
o
n
,
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
)
p
e
r
M
o
l
y
n
e
u
x
'
s
(
2
0
0
4
)
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
t
o
b
i
o
a
c
ti
v
e
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
b
e
ta
c
y
a
n
in
s
,
f
l
a
v
o
n
o
i
d
s
,
a
n
d
p
h
e
n
o
l
i
c
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
.
T
u
k
e
y
H
SD
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
e
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
a
ll
t
r
e
a
tm
e
n
t
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
a
l
l
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
r
e
m
a
i
n
e
d
s
u
b
s
ta
n
t
i
a
l
l
y
l
o
w
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
as
c
o
r
b
i
c
ac
i
d
p
o
s
i
ti
v
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
I
C
₅
₀
=
4
.
5
7
±
0
.
3
1
µ
g
/
m
L
)
.
T
a
b
le
4
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
i
n
c
r
e
asi
n
g
r
e
d
am
a
r
a
n
t
h
f
l
o
u
r
s
u
b
s
t
itu
ti
o
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
an
tl
y
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
d
s
en
s
o
r
y
ac
c
ep
ta
b
il
it
y
s
c
o
r
es
ac
r
o
s
s
a
ll
att
r
i
b
u
tes
(
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
,
wi
th
f
o
r
m
u
lat
io
n
s
P
0
(
0
%)
a
n
d
P
1
(
1
0
%)
c
o
n
s
is
t
e
n
tl
y
n
o
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
tl
y
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
an
d
a
c
h
ie
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
s
c
o
r
es
(
r
a
n
g
e
3
.
8
7
–
4
.
1
7
,
“li
k
e
”
ca
te
g
o
r
y
)
,
w
h
il
e
P
4
(
4
0
%
)
ac
h
ie
v
e
d
t
h
e
l
o
wes
t
s
c
o
r
es
a
cr
o
s
s
al
l
at
tr
ib
u
t
es
(
2
.
6
7
–
3
.
1
3
,
“
n
e
u
t
r
a
l”
t
o
“
d
is
li
k
e
”
ca
te
g
o
r
y
)
.
T
ex
tu
r
e
att
r
i
b
u
tes
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
s
u
p
p
ly
r
es
ili
en
ce
to
s
u
b
s
t
it
u
ti
o
n
,
wi
th
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
es
e
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
in
P4
.
I
n
th
e
c
o
n
t
ex
t
o
f
p
u
b
li
c
h
e
alt
h
n
u
tr
iti
o
n
,
t
h
es
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
h
o
l
d
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
e
m
i
n
d
e
r
s
g
i
v
e
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
s
is
t
en
tl
y
h
i
g
h
p
r
e
v
al
en
ce
o
f
ir
o
n
d
e
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
an
em
i
a
an
d
m
i
cr
o
n
u
tr
ie
n
t
d
ef
i
cie
n
c
ies
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
,
p
a
r
t
ic
u
l
ar
l
y
am
o
n
g
c
h
i
ld
r
e
n
an
d
w
o
m
e
n
o
f
c
h
i
ld
b
e
a
r
i
n
g
ag
e.
R
e
d
a
m
a
r
a
n
t
h
(
A
ma
r
a
n
t
h
u
s
tr
ic
o
l
o
r
L
.
)
is
k
n
o
w
n
as
a
n
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
a
n
d
r
ea
d
i
ly
lo
c
all
y
c
u
l
ti
v
at
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
i
r
o
n
,
b
et
a
-
ca
r
o
te
n
e
,
a
n
d
a
n
ti
o
x
i
d
a
n
ts
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
f
o
r
ti
f
i
ca
t
io
n
o
f
s
tr
e
et
f
o
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
co
o
k
ies
a
p
o
te
n
ti
al
s
t
r
at
eg
ic
f
o
o
d
-
b
as
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
i
n
g
h
i
d
d
e
n
h
u
n
g
er
.
T
ab
l
e
2
.
I
r
o
n
co
n
te
n
t o
f
co
o
k
i
es
w
ith
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
el
s
o
f
r
ed
s
p
in
a
ch
f
lo
u
r
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
t
io
n
Tr
e
a
t
men
t
R
e
d
sp
i
n
a
c
h
f
l
o
u
r
su
b
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
(
%)
I
r
o
n
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
(
mg
/
1
0
0
g
)
I
n
c
r
e
a
se
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
%
)
P0
0
2
.
1
4
±
0
.
1
2
ᵃ
—
P1
10
3
.
8
7
±
0
.
1
5
ᵇ
8
0
.
8
4
P2
20
5
.
6
2
±
0
.
2
1
ᶜ
1
6
2
.
6
2
P3
30
7
.
4
9
±
0
.
2
8
ᵈ
2
5
0
.
0
0
P4
40
9
.
3
1
±
0
.
3
4
ᵉ
3
3
5
.
0
5
N
o
t
e
s
:
V
a
l
u
e
s
a
r
e
e
x
p
r
e
sse
d
a
s
me
a
n
±
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
n
=
3
,
e
a
c
h
me
a
su
r
e
d
i
n
d
u
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
)
.
M
e
a
n
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
su
p
e
r
scri
p
t
l
e
t
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
me
c
o
l
u
m
n
a
r
e
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
(
O
n
e
-
W
a
y
A
N
O
V
A
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
D
M
R
T,
p
<
0
.
0
5
)
.
Th
e
i
r
o
n
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
w
a
s
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
d
b
y
A
t
o
mi
c
A
b
s
o
r
p
t
i
o
n
S
p
e
c
t
r
o
p
h
o
t
o
me
t
r
y
(
A
A
S
)
a
t
a
w
a
v
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
2
4
8
.
3
n
m
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
w
e
t
a
c
i
d
d
i
g
e
st
i
o
n
(
H
N
O
₃/
H
C
l
O
₄)
.
Th
e
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
(
R
²)
o
f
t
h
e
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
c
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
u
r
v
e
w
a
s
≥
0
.
9
9
9
.
T
ab
le
3
.
An
tio
x
id
an
t
a
ctiv
ity
(
I
C
₅₀
DPPH)
o
f
co
o
k
ies with
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
els o
f
r
ed
s
p
in
ac
h
f
l
o
u
r
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
Tr
e
a
t
men
t
R
e
d
sp
i
n
a
c
h
f
l
o
u
r
su
b
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
(
%)
I
C
₅₀
(
µ
g
/
mL
)
A
n
t
i
o
x
i
d
a
n
t
st
r
e
n
g
t
h
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
P0
0
4
8
7
.
3
2
±
1
8
.
4
5
ᵃ
V
e
r
y
w
eak
P1
10
3
6
2
.
1
8
±
1
4
.
7
3
ᵇ
W
e
a
k
P2
20
2
5
8
.
4
1
±
1
1
.
5
6
ᶜ
W
e
a
k
P3
30
1
7
4
.
6
5
±
9
.
8
2
ᵈ
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
P4
40
1
1
2
.
3
7
±
7
.
2
4
ᵉ
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
N
o
t
e
s:
V
a
l
u
e
s
a
r
e
e
x
p
r
e
s
sed
a
s
mea
n
±
st
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
n
=
3
,
e
a
c
h
mea
su
r
e
d
i
n
d
u
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
)
.
M
e
a
n
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
su
p
e
r
scri
p
t
l
e
t
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
same
c
o
l
u
mn
a
r
e
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
(
O
n
e
-
W
a
y
A
N
O
V
A
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
Tu
k
e
y
H
S
D
,
p
<
0
.
0
5
)
.
I
C
₅
₀
r
e
p
r
e
sen
t
s
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
samp
l
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
i
n
h
i
b
i
t
5
0
%
o
f
D
P
P
H
(
2
,
2
-
d
i
p
h
e
n
y
l
-
1
-
p
i
c
r
y
l
h
y
d
r
a
z
y
l
)
f
r
e
e
r
a
d
i
c
a
l
s
,
mea
su
r
e
d
sp
e
c
t
r
o
p
h
o
t
o
met
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
t
5
1
7
n
m.
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l
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DIS
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o
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b
lo
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ce
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r
m
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1
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m
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th
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ain
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7
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p
m
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[
1
7
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a
n
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m
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ig
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t
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[
1
8
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t
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t
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v
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-
Do
b
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s
k
a
[
2
2
]
n
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at
th
e
A
ma
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a
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u
s
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en
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A
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D
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co
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n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
[
2
3
]
.
Si
m
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f
in
d
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n
g
s
h
av
e
b
e
en
r
ep
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t
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ch
p
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t
in
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.
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wh
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f
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w
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cr
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s
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[
2
4
]
.
C
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s
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w
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p
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p
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th
an
co
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tr
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l c
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k
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s
,
w
ith
ac
t
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in
cr
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s
in
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wi
th
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
tio
n
l
ev
el
[
2
5
]
.
A
s
tr
o
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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tiv
e
ch
an
g
es
[
2
6
]
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
co
lo
r
a
t
tr
ib
u
te
,
th
e
d
e
cr
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s
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r
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to
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3
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tr
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a
s
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ar
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th
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r
ea
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ti
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o
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cid
s
in
r
ed
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h
f
lo
u
r
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d
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
u
g
ar
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
b
ak
in
g
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
ad
d
i
t
io
n
o
f
g
r
ee
n
am
a
r
an
th
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A
ma
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th
u
s
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g
g
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t
s
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s
u
l
te
d
in
a
d
ar
k
er
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lo
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as
th
e
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n
tag
e
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s
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y
l
l i
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th
p
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k
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co
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ef
f
ec
t o
n
th
e
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
[
2
8
]
.
Ar
o
m
a
a
n
d
ta
s
te
s
co
r
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wer
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s
t
at
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ly
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m
p
ar
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le
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d
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n
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ica
t
in
g
n
o
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le
o
f
f
-
f
lav
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s
a
t
1
0
%
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
tio
n
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h
ig
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er
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u
b
s
ti
tu
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l
ev
e
ls
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3
0
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g
r
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th
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g
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r
e
p
o
r
t
ed
b
y
R
ia
z
an
d
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a
h
ab
[
2
9
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l.
[
3
0
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s
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ep
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ted
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a
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t
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l
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s
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t
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lo
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s
th
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o
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t
p
r
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m
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o
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m
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m
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ar
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l
l
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t
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±
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at
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ca
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l
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f
o
r
t
if
ied
wi
th
v
eg
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tab
le
f
lo
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r
s
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
tio
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o
f
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ar
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n
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m
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r
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s
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tab
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f
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th
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th
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p
r
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p
ar
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RE
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[
1
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A
mi
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12
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Y
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[
13
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N
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30
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c
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.
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