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l.
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Sep
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b
er
20
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6
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9
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4
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SS
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955
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p
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li
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Li
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ba
tt
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in ele
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of
PT Mo
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Dec
1
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2
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Acc
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u
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1
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m
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6
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7
8
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Wh
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n
tal
b
e
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e
fit
s o
f
e
lec
tri
c
m
o
to
r
b
ik
e
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
lectr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cle
E
m
m
is
io
n
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
ass
es
s
m
en
t
L
if
e
cy
cle
ass
ess
m
en
t
L
ith
iu
m
-
io
n
b
atter
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
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s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
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r
:
Sil
v
i I
s
tiq
o
m
ah
I
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d
u
s
tr
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E
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in
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Stu
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Pro
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am
,
T
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k
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Un
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s
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Ketin
tan
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St.
No
.
1
5
6
,
Su
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a
b
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6
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2
3
1
,
E
ast J
av
a,
I
n
d
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m
ail:
s
ilv
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@
telk
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s
ity
.
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id
1.
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D
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en
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t
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to
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f
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o
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a
d
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in
an
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f
o
il
-
f
u
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v
eh
ic
les
to
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
(
E
Vs)
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Oil
-
f
u
eled
two
-
wh
ee
ler
s
r
em
ain
ce
n
tr
al
to
d
aily
m
o
b
ili
ty
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
wh
er
e
m
o
to
r
c
y
cles
r
ep
r
esen
t
a
m
ajo
r
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
m
o
d
e
[
3
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
ex
am
p
le
s
o
f
m
o
to
r
ize
d
v
e
h
icles
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
is
m
o
to
r
cy
cles.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
m
o
to
r
cy
cles
h
as
n
e
g
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
a
cts
[
4
]
,
esp
ec
ially
o
n
air
q
u
ality
.
Am
o
n
g
al
l
th
e
ex
h
au
s
t
g
ases
em
itted
f
r
o
m
m
o
to
r
cy
cle
o
p
e
r
atio
n
,
ca
r
b
o
n
d
i
o
x
id
e
(
C
O
2
)
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
g
as
[
5
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
C
en
tr
al
B
u
r
ea
u
o
f
Statis
tic
s
,
in
2
0
2
0
th
e
to
tal
ca
r
b
o
n
d
io
x
id
e
(
C
O
2
)
g
as
em
is
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
m
o
to
r
cy
cle
o
p
er
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n
s
r
ea
ch
e
d
5
6
,
7
8
8
to
n
s
o
f
C
O
2
,
as
s
tate
d
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
E
lectr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cle
s
h
av
e
em
er
g
ed
as
an
alter
n
ativ
e
th
at
is
wid
ely
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
o
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
ally
f
r
ien
d
ly
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
ey
u
s
e
elec
tr
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en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
b
atter
ies
as
th
ei
r
p
r
i
m
ar
y
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
,
elim
in
atin
g
d
ir
ec
t
ex
h
au
s
t
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
tailp
ip
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ea
n
th
at
E
Vs
ar
e
e
n
tire
ly
i
m
p
ac
t
-
f
r
ee
.
T
h
e
b
atter
y
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
lith
iu
m
-
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n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
2
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2
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9
2
I
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Vo
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1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
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b
er
20
2
6
:
9
5
5
-
964
956
(Li
-
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n
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b
atter
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s
er
v
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as
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h
ea
r
t
o
f
th
e
v
e
h
icle
an
d
h
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s
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s
h
o
r
t
life
c
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cle
co
m
p
a
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to
o
th
e
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
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g
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o
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t
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s
tag
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of
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b
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s
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n
ativ
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to
en
v
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o
n
m
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tal
ly
f
r
ien
d
ly
v
eh
icles.
T
h
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b
ec
au
s
e
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
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b
i
k
es
u
tili
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y
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atte
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as
a
s
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u
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ce
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f
d
r
iv
in
g
en
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r
g
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ele
ctr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cles
ar
e
co
n
s
id
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ed
en
v
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o
n
m
en
tally
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r
ien
d
ly
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s
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d
o
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p
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d
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ce
ex
h
au
s
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lik
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o
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m
o
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cy
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Ho
wev
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ev
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n
th
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g
h
it
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p
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is
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in
th
e
f
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m
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f
ex
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th
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ass
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s
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tial
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m
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tal
im
p
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ts
th
at
m
ay
ar
is
e.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
life
cy
cle
as
s
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m
en
t
(
L
C
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)
o
f
ev
er
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
an
E
V,
esp
ec
ially
th
e
lith
iu
m
-
io
n
b
atter
y
,
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ass
ess
ed
.
L
C
A
is
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
ap
p
lied
to
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
o
r
s
er
v
ice
to
id
en
tify
an
d
q
u
an
tify
its
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
,
f
r
o
m
r
a
w
m
ater
ial
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
to
r
eu
s
e,
r
ec
y
clin
g
,
en
er
g
y
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ec
o
v
er
y
,
an
d
d
is
p
o
s
al
in
ter
m
s
o
f
all
r
elea
s
es
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
its
life
cy
cle
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
L
C
A
to
lith
iu
m
-
io
n
b
atter
ies
aim
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ev
i
d
en
ce
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
m
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
estab
lis
h
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
esig
n
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t,
a
n
d
p
u
t
in
to
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
th
e
r
elativ
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
e
r
it
o
f
E
Vs v
er
s
u
s
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
o
il
-
f
u
eled
v
e
h
icles.
L
C
A
is
its
elf
a
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
to
id
en
tify
an
d
an
aly
ze
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
.
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t in
clu
d
es
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
ts
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
life
cy
cle
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
o
r
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
is
life
c
y
cle
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
lies
in
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
r
s
er
v
ices,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
b
asis
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
esig
n
s
,
an
d
u
p
g
r
a
d
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
.
C
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
an
L
C
A
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
i
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t
o
f
E
V
b
atter
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b
u
t
also
in
m
ak
in
g
o
b
jectiv
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
with
co
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l
v
eh
icles.
Su
ch
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
life
wh
en
E
Vs
g
en
er
ate
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ad
v
an
ta
g
es,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
,
an
d
w
h
ich
s
tag
es
th
ey
h
a
v
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
L
C
A
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
p
o
licy
,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
,
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
u
m
er
ch
o
ic
es
co
n
s
is
ten
t
wi
th
a
clea
n
er
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
tr
an
s
itio
n
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
g
a
p
s
in
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata
o
n
life
cy
cle
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
L
i
-
io
n
b
atter
ies
f
o
r
elec
tr
ic
m
o
t
o
r
cy
c
les
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
wh
ic
h
is
h
ig
h
ly
r
elev
a
n
t
to
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
b
atter
y
d
esig
n
,
o
p
er
atio
n
,
an
d
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t p
o
licies.
B
a
s
ed
o
n
th
is
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
will b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
a
g
ate
-
to
-
g
r
av
e
L
C
A
o
f
th
e
Z
T
-
7
2
2
0
L
i
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
i
n
MO
L
I
NDO
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cles
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
v
e
r
all
im
p
ac
t
o
v
er
v
iew,
p
in
p
o
in
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
life
cy
cle
s
tag
es,
an
d
p
u
t
f
o
r
war
d
p
r
ac
tical
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
Desp
ite
th
e
r
ap
id
g
r
o
wth
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cles,
d
etailed
,
L
C
A
-
b
ased
q
u
an
tific
atio
n
o
f
b
atter
y
im
p
ac
ts
u
n
d
er
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
co
al
-
d
o
m
in
ate
d
elec
tr
icity
m
ix
r
em
ain
s
in
ad
eq
u
ate,
an
d
th
eir
tr
u
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
d
u
r
i
n
g
u
s
e,
is
in
c
o
m
p
letely
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
o
d
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
also
ten
d
to
ass
u
m
e
cr
ad
le
-
to
-
g
r
a
v
e
o
r
u
s
e
f
o
r
eig
n
d
atasets
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
ac
cu
r
ately
r
ef
lect
lo
ca
l
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t,
ass
em
b
ly
,
en
e
r
g
y
u
s
ag
e,
o
r
e
n
d
-
of
-
life
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
a
d
d
r
ess
es
ex
is
tin
g
g
ap
s
b
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
an
d
d
o
m
esti
c
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
s
u
ch
as
PT
Mo
to
r
L
is
tr
ik
I
n
d
o
n
esia
.
I
t
is
a
n
o
v
el
an
d
p
o
licy
-
r
elev
an
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
as
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
g
ate
-
to
-
g
r
av
e
L
C
A
o
f
th
e
Z
T
-
7
2
2
0
L
i
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
in
MO
L
I
NDO
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
c
y
cles,
b
ased
o
n
p
r
im
a
r
y
f
ield
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
es
a
d
etailed
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
al
im
p
ac
ts
b
etwe
en
elec
tr
ic
an
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
to
r
cy
cles
u
s
in
g
h
a
r
m
o
n
ize
d
im
p
ac
t
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
an
d
e
v
al
u
ates
two
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t stra
teg
ies:
ex
ter
n
al
ca
s
e
r
eu
s
e
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
-
life
b
atter
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
o
b
jectiv
es a
r
e
to
:
i
)
q
u
an
tify
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
at
ea
ch
s
tag
e
o
f
th
e
L
i
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
life
cy
cle,
ii
)
id
e
n
tify
th
e
s
tag
e
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
im
p
ac
t,
iii
)
e
v
alu
at
e
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
iv
)
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
elec
tr
ic
an
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
to
r
cy
cles u
s
in
g
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t a
s
s
ess
m
en
t m
eth
o
d
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
L
if
e
cy
cle
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
(
L
CA)
m
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
L
C
A
is
a
to
o
l u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t o
f
an
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
en
tire
life
cy
cle
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
ty
p
ically
f
r
o
m
c
r
ad
le
to
g
r
av
e.
I
t
id
en
tifie
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
—
s
u
ch
as
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
waste,
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
u
s
e
—
s
o
th
at
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
ca
n
p
r
i
o
r
itize
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
ac
tf
u
l
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
b
y
d
ef
i
n
in
g
th
e
g
o
al
an
d
s
co
p
e,
wh
ich
i
n
clu
d
es
s
ettin
g
s
y
s
tem
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
(
s
u
ch
as
d
ir
ec
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
v
s
.
th
e
en
tire
v
alu
e
ch
ain
)
an
d
s
elec
tin
g
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
u
n
it
—
lik
e
k
ilo
g
r
am
s
o
f
C
O
2
-
eq
u
iv
alen
t
o
r
liter
s
o
f
wate
r
—
to
q
u
an
tify
in
p
u
ts
an
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
Af
ter
th
e
g
o
al
an
d
s
co
p
e
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
,
th
e
l
if
e
cy
cle
in
v
en
to
r
y
(
L
C
I
)
p
h
ase
in
v
o
l
v
es
co
llectin
g
a
n
d
q
u
an
tif
y
in
g
all
in
p
u
ts
(
r
aw
m
ater
ials
,
wate
r
,
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
)
an
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
(
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
waste,
an
d
b
y
-
p
r
o
d
u
cts)
at
ea
ch
s
tag
e
o
f
th
e
lif
e
cy
cle.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
L
C
A,
b
u
t
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
ca
n
b
e
ch
allen
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
u
p
p
lier
c
o
o
p
e
r
atio
n
an
d
d
etailed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tr
ac
k
in
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it’s r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
t
o
u
s
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
d
a
ta
s
o
u
r
ce
s
wh
en
ev
er
av
ailab
le
[
1
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
n
viro
n
men
ta
l fo
o
t
p
r
in
t a
s
s
es
s
men
t o
f lith
iu
m
io
n
(
Li
-
i
o
n
)
b
a
tter
ies in
elec
tr
ic
… (
R
a
fi J
u
n
ia
r
S
a
p
u
tr
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)
957
L
C
I
A
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
af
ter
th
e
in
v
en
to
r
y
an
aly
s
is
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
in
v
en
to
r
y
d
ata
i
n
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
im
p
ac
ts
b
y
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
m
o
d
els
to
ca
teg
o
r
ies
s
u
ch
as
g
lo
b
al
war
m
in
g
p
o
ten
tial,
o
zo
n
e
d
e
p
letio
n
,
a
n
d
wate
r
s
ca
r
city
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
h
ig
h
C
O
2
em
is
s
io
n
s
o
v
er
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct’
s
life
cy
cle
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
g
lo
b
al
war
m
in
g
p
o
ten
tial.
L
C
I
A
tu
r
n
s
tech
n
ical
d
ata
in
to
im
p
ac
t
in
d
icato
r
s
th
at
r
e
f
lect
s
o
cieta
l
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
h
el
p
in
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct’
s
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t
an
d
p
r
i
o
r
itize
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
ac
tio
n
s
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
s
lik
e
R
eCi
P
e
an
d
C
ML
ar
e
u
s
ed
,
ea
ch
g
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o
u
p
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g
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n
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weig
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tin
g
im
p
ac
t
s
d
if
f
er
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tly
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ile
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o
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s
in
g
o
n
eith
er
g
l
o
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al
o
r
r
eg
io
n
al
s
ca
les.
T
h
is
h
elp
s
g
u
id
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
to
tar
g
et
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
in
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
ac
t a
r
ea
s
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
L
C
A
m
eth
o
d
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
I
SO
1
4
0
4
0
a
n
d
I
SO
1
4
0
4
4
,
u
s
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g
a
g
ate
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p
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p
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o
m
th
e
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PT
Mo
b
il
L
is
tr
ik
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n
d
o
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esia
u
p
to
th
e
en
d
o
f
its
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er
v
ice
life
.
I
n
th
ese
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aly
s
es,
a
Z
T
-
7
2
2
0
L
i
-
i
o
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atter
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with
a
ca
p
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f
2
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Ah
o
r
1
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4
8
k
W
h
wa
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
with
in
MO
L
I
NDO
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
c
les.
Fo
u
r
s
tag
es
wer
e
em
b
e
d
d
ed
in
th
e
an
aly
s
is
:
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
p
p
lier
,
ass
em
b
lin
g
it
o
n
th
e
m
o
to
r
c
y
cle,
u
s
ag
e
u
n
til
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
a
n
d
en
d
-
of
-
lif
e
d
is
ass
em
b
ly
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
ep
ar
atio
n
.
Data
c
o
llectio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ield
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
elec
tr
icity
u
s
e,
r
ec
o
r
d
s
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
d
is
tan
ce
,
an
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ass
em
b
ly
/d
is
ass
em
b
ly
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
d
ata
tak
e
n
f
r
o
m
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
E
co
in
v
en
t
d
atab
ase
in
Op
en
L
C
A
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
tag
e,
th
e
b
atter
ie
s
ar
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
ted
2
4
.
2
k
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
T
an
j
u
n
g
Per
a
k
Po
r
t
to
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
y
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
a
co
n
tain
e
r
tr
u
ck
.
Du
r
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
th
e
b
atter
y
was
in
s
talled
u
s
in
g
elec
tr
ic
to
o
ls
with
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
v
e
r
an
eig
h
t
-
h
o
u
r
s
h
if
t
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
ix
u
n
its
.
Du
r
in
g
its
u
s
e
p
h
ase,
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
r
o
ad
test
s
f
o
r
6
0
k
m
d
aily
y
ield
e
d
a
to
tal
d
is
tan
ce
tr
av
eled
o
f
2
,
5
3
9
k
m
an
d
5
3
.
7
4
k
W
h
o
f
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
v
e
r
a
tim
e
s
p
an
o
f
4
3
d
ay
s
.
At
th
e
en
d
o
f
its
life
,
th
e
b
atter
y
w
as
r
em
o
v
ed
,
with
a
n
ex
ter
n
al
ca
s
e
weig
h
in
g
3
k
g
an
d
a
b
atter
y
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
7
k
g
a
s
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esear
c
h
f
lo
w
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
L
C
I
A
was
d
o
n
e
in
Op
en
L
C
A
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
R
eCi
Pe
2
0
1
6
im
p
ac
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
ts
wer
e
ass
ess
ed
f
o
r
s
ev
e
r
al
ca
t
eg
o
r
ies
lik
e
g
lo
b
al
war
m
in
g
p
o
ten
tial,
o
zo
n
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
p
a
r
ticu
late
m
atter
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
f
o
s
s
il
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ca
r
city
,
to
x
icity
,
ac
id
if
icatio
n
,
eu
tr
o
p
h
icatio
n
,
lan
d
u
s
e,
wate
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
m
in
er
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ca
r
city
,
s
tr
ato
s
p
h
er
ic
o
z
o
n
e
d
ep
letio
n
,
an
d
io
n
izin
g
r
ad
iat
io
n
,
an
d
t
h
en
all
o
f
t
h
em
we
r
e
ag
g
r
e
g
ated
in
to
th
r
ee
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
o
f
d
a
m
ag
e:
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lth
,
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
q
u
al
ity
,
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
in
ter
p
r
ete
d
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
ac
tf
u
l
life
cy
cle
s
tag
e,
an
aly
zin
g
its
ca
u
s
es,
an
d
m
ak
i
n
g
s
o
m
e
tec
h
n
ical
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
r
eu
s
in
g
ex
ter
n
al
b
atter
y
ca
s
es a
n
d
ap
p
ly
in
g
s
ec
o
n
d
-
life
b
atter
ies to
q
u
ality
c
o
n
tr
o
l p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
o
f
r
esear
ch
2
.
2
.
O
penL
CA
Op
en
L
C
A
is
th
e
wo
r
ld
-
lead
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e
f
o
r
life
cy
cl
e
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
,
u
s
ed
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
r
s
er
v
ices,
f
r
o
m
r
aw
m
ater
ial
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
in
a
l
d
is
p
o
s
al.
I
t
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
id
e
n
tify
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
i
n
th
eir
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
r
s
er
v
ices,
co
m
p
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
,
an
d
m
a
k
e
m
o
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
9
5
5
-
964
958
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
ch
o
ices.
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
ac
ad
em
ia,
an
d
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
in
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
8
0
co
u
n
tr
ies
ar
e
ap
p
ly
in
g
Op
en
L
C
A
f
o
r
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
esig
n
,
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
t
p
r
in
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
o
th
is
en
d
,
Op
en
L
C
A
i
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
a
s
it
is
th
e
latest
v
er
s
io
n
,
b
o
asti
n
g
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
f
ea
tu
r
es a
n
d
d
atab
ases
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
g
ate
-
to
-
g
r
av
e
L
C
A
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
q
u
a
n
tify
th
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
th
e
Z
T
-
7
2
2
0
L
i
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
u
s
ed
in
MO
L
I
NDO
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cles.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
er
e
is
s
till
a
lack
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esian
b
atter
y
L
C
A
s
tu
d
ies
t
h
at
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
r
ea
l
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
co
al
-
d
o
m
in
ate
d
elec
tr
icity
m
ix
es.
Un
lik
e
m
an
y
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
r
ely
in
g
m
ain
l
y
o
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
d
ata,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
es
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
d
ata
f
r
o
m
f
ield
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
d
is
tan
ce
,
an
d
m
an
u
al
d
is
ass
em
b
ly
at
PT
Mo
to
r
L
is
t
r
ik
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
wo
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
:
r
eu
s
e
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
b
a
tter
y
ca
s
in
g
s
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
-
life
b
atter
ies
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
y
q
u
ality
-
c
o
n
tr
o
l
cy
cle
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
d
esig
n
allo
ws
th
e
L
C
A
to
b
o
th
ass
ess
cu
r
r
en
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
tr
ateg
ies f
o
r
im
p
ac
t r
e
d
u
ctio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
L
if
e
cy
cle
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
(
L
CA)
re
s
ults
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
l
ith
iu
m
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
life
cy
cle
an
d
d
at
a
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
tag
e
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
ass
ess
m
en
t.
A
f
u
ll
L
C
A
s
tar
ts
with
m
in
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
v
ita
l
r
aw
m
ater
ials
s
u
ch
as
lith
iu
m
,
co
b
alt,
an
d
n
ick
el,
wh
ich
m
ig
h
t
r
esu
lt
in
h
ab
itat
d
estru
ctio
n
,
wate
r
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
an
d
s
o
cial
is
s
u
es.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
t
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
o
f
b
atter
ies
f
r
o
m
th
ese
m
ater
ials
is
en
er
g
y
-
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
an
d
ass
o
ciate
d
with
em
is
s
io
n
s
an
d
waste
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
b
atter
ies
will
b
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
ted
t
o
m
o
t
o
r
cy
cl
e
ass
em
b
ly
p
lan
ts
;
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
lo
g
is
tics
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
a
ct
d
u
e
to
f
u
el
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
b
atter
ies,
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
d
ictates
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
r
a
n
g
e
an
d
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
o
f
an
elec
tr
ic
m
o
t
o
r
cy
cle,
wh
ile
g
r
ad
u
al
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ity
ev
en
t
u
ally
le
ad
s
to
r
ep
lace
m
en
t.
At
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
eir
life
,
th
ese
b
atter
ies
m
ay
b
e
lan
d
f
illed
o
r
r
ec
y
cled
to
r
ec
o
v
e
r
k
ey
m
ater
ials
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
n
ew
m
in
in
g
an
d
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
eir
o
v
e
r
all
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t.
T
h
e
s
ix
v
ital
s
tag
es
th
at
co
m
p
lete
th
e
life
cy
cle
o
f
lith
iu
m
-
io
n
b
atter
ies
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cle
s
s
tar
t
with
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
.
B
a
tter
y
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
en
co
m
p
ass
es
r
aw
m
ater
ial
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
,
ce
ll
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
p
ac
k
ass
em
b
ly
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
v
er
y
en
er
g
y
-
in
te
n
s
iv
e
an
d
m
a
y
r
esu
lt
in
s
ev
er
al
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
B
atter
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
th
e
n
ad
d
s
im
p
ac
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
-
r
elate
d
f
u
el
u
s
e
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
ass
em
b
ly
s
tag
e,
b
at
ter
ies
will
b
e
in
s
talled
o
n
el
ec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cles,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
en
e
r
g
y
u
s
e
an
d
l
o
g
is
tics
.
I
n
th
e
u
s
e
p
h
ase,
b
atter
ies
p
o
wer
m
o
t
o
r
cy
cles,
an
d
th
eir
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
life
tim
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
v
er
all
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
t.
At
th
e
en
d
o
f
life
,
im
p
r
o
p
er
b
atter
y
d
is
p
o
s
al
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
c
au
s
e
to
x
ic
em
is
s
io
n
s
an
d
s
o
il
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
ea
lth
r
is
k
s
f
o
r
h
u
m
an
s
an
d
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fin
ally
,
r
ec
y
clin
g
ca
n
r
ec
o
v
er
v
alu
ab
le
m
ater
ials
,
r
ed
u
ce
r
a
w
m
ater
ial
d
em
an
d
,
an
d
g
r
ea
tly
b
r
in
g
d
o
wn
th
e
ec
o
lo
g
ical
f
o
o
tp
r
in
t
o
f
lith
iu
m
-
i
o
n
b
atter
ies
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
ith
i
u
m
-
i
o
n
(
L
i
-
i
o
n
)
b
atter
y
life
cy
cle
3
.
1
.
1
.
Goal
a
nd
s
co
pe
def
ini
t
io
n
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
tar
g
ets
f
o
u
r
lif
e
cy
cle
s
tag
es
f
o
r
th
e
lith
iu
m
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
:
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
a
s
s
em
b
ly
in
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
cy
cles,
u
s
e,
an
d
d
is
p
o
s
al.
I
t
is
a
g
ate
-
to
-
g
r
av
e
an
aly
s
is
s
in
ce
th
e
b
atter
y
wil
l
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
an
estab
lis
h
ed
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
,
an
d
r
aw
m
ate
r
ial
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
c
ell
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
ar
e
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tr
o
l.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
tag
e,
f
u
el
u
s
e
an
d
co
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
in
g
em
is
s
io
n
s
d
u
e
to
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
ar
e
ass
ess
ed
.
T
h
e
ass
em
b
ly
s
tag
e
i
n
clu
d
es
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
an
d
th
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
waste
wh
e
n
th
e
b
atter
y
is
in
teg
r
ated
in
t
o
th
e
m
o
to
r
cy
cle.
I
n
th
e
u
s
e
p
h
ase,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
tak
es
in
to
co
n
s
id
e
r
atio
n
h
o
w
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
an
d
its
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
v
e
h
icle
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
life
.
T
h
e
last
s
tag
e
i
s
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
en
d
-
of
-
life
o
p
t
io
n
s
th
at
in
clu
d
e
lan
d
f
ill
an
d
r
ec
y
clin
g
o
p
tio
n
s
,
wh
er
ein
r
ec
o
v
er
y
o
f
m
ater
ials
,
s
u
ch
as
lith
iu
m
an
d
co
b
alt,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
aw
m
ater
ial
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
B
y
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
ese
s
tag
es,
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
o
in
ts
o
u
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
war
d
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
ts
an
d
f
u
r
th
e
r
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
il
ity
g
o
als
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
L
if
e
cy
cle
inv
ent
o
ry
T
h
e
life
cy
cle
in
v
en
t
o
r
y
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
v
er
s
f
o
u
r
s
tag
es
o
f
th
e
lith
iu
m
-
io
n
b
atter
y
life
c
y
cle
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
ass
e
m
b
ly
in
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
b
ik
es,
u
s
e,
an
d
d
is
p
o
s
al
as
well
as
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
k
ey
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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l Po
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E
n
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SS
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2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
n
viro
n
men
ta
l fo
o
t
p
r
in
t a
s
s
es
s
men
t o
f lith
iu
m
io
n
(
Li
-
i
o
n
)
b
a
tter
ies in
elec
tr
ic
… (
R
a
fi J
u
n
ia
r
S
a
p
u
tr
a
)
959
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
o
u
t
p
u
ts
s
u
ch
a
s
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
an
d
waste.
T
r
an
s
p
o
r
t
-
r
elate
d
CO
2
em
is
s
io
n
s
an
d
f
u
el
u
s
e
w
ill
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
i
n
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
h
ase,
wh
ile
i
n
th
e
ass
em
b
ly
p
h
ase,
en
e
r
g
y
an
d
m
ater
ial
u
s
ag
e
a
n
d
th
e
waste
f
r
o
m
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
a
n
d
in
s
tallatio
n
ar
e
ass
ess
ed
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
p
h
ase,
atten
tio
n
is
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
b
atte
r
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
lo
n
g
e
v
ity
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
r
ep
ea
ted
ch
a
r
g
in
g
–
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
cy
cles
o
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
h
o
w
th
e
elec
tr
icity
m
ix
af
f
ec
ts
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
.
Ad
v
a
n
ce
d
b
atter
y
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
s
tate
-
e
s
tim
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
b
atter
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
wh
ich
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
eliab
il
ity
an
d
h
elp
ex
ten
d
b
atter
y
s
er
v
ice
life
[
1
5
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
E
V
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
c
h
ar
g
e
r
ar
c
h
itectu
r
es,
an
d
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
ch
ar
g
in
g
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
,
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
atio
n
[
1
6
]
.
Sm
ar
t
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
c
an
f
u
r
t
h
er
im
p
r
o
v
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
r
e
d
u
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
al
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
,
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t E
V
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t [
1
7
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
b
atter
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
ar
e
an
al
y
ze
d
,
as
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
h
o
w
m
u
ch
en
e
r
g
y
is
d
r
awn
o
v
er
tim
e
an
d
im
p
ac
t
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t.
T
h
e
en
d
-
of
-
life
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
in
al
d
is
p
o
s
al
in
clu
d
e
r
ec
y
cl
in
g
an
d
lan
d
f
illi
n
g
,
an
d
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
lica
tio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
R
ec
y
clin
g
p
r
ev
en
ts
th
e
d
ep
letio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
o
f
v
alu
ab
le
m
eta
ls
s
u
ch
as
lith
iu
m
,
co
b
alt,
an
d
n
ick
el,
an
d
it
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
d
e
m
an
d
f
o
r
n
ew
r
aw
m
ater
ial
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
life
c
y
cle
in
v
en
t
o
r
y
will
g
iv
e
a
d
eta
iled
b
asis
,
b
y
i
d
en
tify
in
g
an
d
q
u
an
tify
in
g
o
u
tp
u
ts
at
ea
ch
s
tag
e,
to
s
h
o
w
wh
er
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
m
ig
h
t
b
est
r
ed
u
c
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
life
cy
cle
o
f
a
b
atter
y
.
T
h
e
life
cy
cle
in
v
en
to
r
y
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
e
lith
iu
m
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3
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3
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L
if
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T
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2
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ates
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m
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p
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As
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d
ter
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estrial
ac
id
if
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[
1
8
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
E
ac
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f
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to
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es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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2
I
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t J Ap
p
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3
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Sep
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er
20
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5
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960
T
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2
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p
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O
z
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h
pt
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0
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2
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2
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6
4
0
4
W
a
t
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r
c
o
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s
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h
pt
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0
3
4
1
3
.
4
1
6
2
F
i
n
e
p
a
r
t
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l
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ma
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t
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
H
u
ma
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
pt
3
.
3
7
5
2
3
3
3
.
8
5
8
F
o
ssi
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
sca
r
c
i
t
y
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
pt
0
.
0
3
7
0
4
.
0
4
5
0
F
r
e
sh
w
a
t
e
r
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o
t
o
x
i
c
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t
y
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o
s
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t
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m
pt
0
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0
0
0
1
0
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0
0
8
2
F
r
e
sh
w
a
t
e
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t
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p
h
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c
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t
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s
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e
m
pt
0
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0
2
1
7
2
.
2
8
6
5
H
u
ma
n
c
a
r
c
i
n
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n
i
c
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y
H
u
ma
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
pt
0
.
1
5
7
3
1
2
.
7
6
5
8
H
u
ma
n
n
o
n
-
c
a
r
c
i
n
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e
n
i
c
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y
H
u
ma
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
pt
0
.
2
4
6
6
2
5
.
1
7
7
1
I
o
n
i
z
i
n
g
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
H
u
ma
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
pt
0
.
0
0
0
1
0
.
0
0
9
5
La
n
d
u
se
Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
pt
0
.
0
0
5
5
0
.
6
9
3
7
M
a
r
i
n
e
e
c
o
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y
Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
pt
0
.
0
0
0
1
0
.
0
1
2
2
M
a
r
i
n
e
e
u
t
r
o
p
h
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c
a
t
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o
n
Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
pt
0
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
3
M
i
n
e
r
a
l
r
e
so
u
r
c
e
sc
a
r
c
i
t
y
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
pt
0
.
0
0
4
7
0
.
5
3
0
2
S
t
r
a
t
o
sp
h
e
r
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c
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o
n
e
d
e
p
l
e
t
i
o
n
H
u
ma
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
pt
0
.
0
0
0
4
0
.
0
4
5
4
Te
r
r
e
st
r
i
a
l
a
c
i
d
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
pt
0
.
0
9
2
4
8
.
7
8
4
1
Te
r
r
e
st
r
i
a
l
e
c
o
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y
Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
pt
0
.
0
1
8
9
1
.
7
9
8
4
To
t
a
l
pt
5
.
5
3
5
4
5
4
9
.
9
4
4
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
ar
e
o
r
g
an
iz
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
m
ain
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
d
am
ag
e:
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lth
,
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
2
1
]
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
lith
iu
m
-
io
n
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
an
d
t
h
er
m
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ca
n
d
ir
ec
tly
lo
w
er
life
cy
cle
im
p
ac
ts
b
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
,
ex
ten
d
i
n
g
life
s
p
an
,
an
d
r
e
d
u
cin
g
waste
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
h
u
m
an
h
ea
lth
ca
teg
o
r
y
ass
ess
es
th
e
r
is
k
s
an
d
h
az
a
r
d
s
to
p
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p
le,
esp
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ly
th
o
s
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
air
q
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d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
to
x
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s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
T
h
e
e
co
s
y
s
tem
ca
teg
o
r
y
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to
h
o
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n
m
en
ta
l
ch
an
g
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io
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ity
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h
ab
itat
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u
ality
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d
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o
s
y
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te
m
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er
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ices.
T
h
e
r
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ce
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ca
t
eg
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r
y
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o
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ce
r
n
s
th
e
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tain
ab
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y
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d
d
ep
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n
o
f
n
atu
r
al
r
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r
ce
s
r
elate
d
to
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e
b
atter
y
'
s
life
cy
cle,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
av
ailab
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y
o
f
k
ey
r
aw
m
ater
ials
.
Or
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p
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ts
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to
th
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o
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ies
h
elp
s
s
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ld
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r
ly
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s
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e
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etwe
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o
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an
d
its
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
;
th
u
s
,
m
o
r
e
ea
s
ily
id
en
tify
tar
g
eted
m
itig
atio
n
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
wo
r
k
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
o
licies
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
elec
tr
ic
m
o
b
ilit
y
an
d
b
atter
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
3
.
1
.
4
.
I
nte
rpre
t
a
t
io
n
B
ased
on
T
ab
les
1
an
d
2
,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
L
i
-
i
o
n
b
atter
y
u
s
ag
e
s
tag
e,
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
b
ik
es
h
av
e
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t,
g
iv
en
t
h
e
h
ig
h
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
i
city
at
ab
o
u
t
5
3
.
7
4
k
W
h
.
C
o
al
-
f
ir
ed
s
team
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
o
r
PLT
U
d
o
m
in
ate
t
h
is
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
elec
tr
icity
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
c
o
m
b
u
s
tio
n
o
f
co
al
em
its
C
O
2
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
g
lo
b
al
war
m
in
g
;
it
also
em
its
f
in
e
p
ar
ticu
late
m
atter
(
PM
2.
5
)
,
wh
ich
is
in
ju
r
io
u
s
to
air
q
u
ality
an
d
lu
n
g
h
ea
lth
,
an
d
SO
2
an
d
NOx
g
ases
,
wh
ich
ca
n
d
am
ag
e
th
e
o
zo
n
e
lay
er
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
PLT
U
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
a
lar
g
e
ar
ea
o
f
lan
d
an
d
wate
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
co
o
lin
g
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
an
d
tu
r
b
in
e
d
r
iv
es
co
n
tain
SO
2
,
NOx
,
an
d
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
W
h
er
e
th
ese
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
,
if
lo
a
d
ed
with
wate
r
ca
n
p
o
llu
te
wate
r
(
ec
o
to
x
icity
)
a
n
d
f
e
r
tili
ze
alg
ae
i
n
wate
r
s
(
eu
tr
o
p
h
icatio
n
)
w
h
ich
ca
n
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
o
x
y
g
e
n
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
in
wate
r
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
h
y
b
r
i
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
co
m
b
in
e
b
atter
ies
with
u
ltra
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
in
t
ellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
c
an
r
ed
u
ce
b
atter
y
d
e
g
r
ad
ati
o
n
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
wer
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
d
e
n
h
an
c
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
[
2
4
]
.
T
o
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
im
p
ac
t
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
b
ik
es
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
etr
o
leu
m
m
o
to
r
b
i
k
es,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
o
f
u
s
in
g
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
b
ik
es with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
etr
o
leu
m
m
o
to
r
b
i
k
es is
co
n
tain
ed
in
T
a
b
le
3
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
3
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
m
o
t
o
rc
y
cle
us
a
g
e
a
nd
elec
t
ric
m
o
t
o
r
cy
cle
us
a
g
e
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
t
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
b
i
k
es
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
lo
wer
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
to
r
b
i
k
es,
with
im
p
ac
t
v
alu
es
o
f
5
5
0
p
o
in
ts
(
p
t)
an
d
3
,
3
9
7
p
o
i
n
ts
(
p
t)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
as
also
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
h
u
g
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
b
ik
es
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
n
r
o
ad
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t.
T
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
ce
o
f
th
e
u
s
ag
e
p
h
ase
in
th
e
o
v
er
all
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
u
n
d
er
lin
es
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
co
u
n
tr
ies
wh
er
e
elec
tr
icity
is
s
till
m
ain
ly
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
c
o
al.
As
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
t
h
ese
m
ay
i
n
v
o
lv
e
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
d
en
s
ity
o
f
th
e
b
atter
ies,
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
er
m
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
to
lim
it
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
ad
o
p
tin
g
m
o
d
u
lar
d
esig
n
s
allo
win
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
lik
e
e
x
ter
n
al
ca
s
in
g
s
to
b
e
r
eu
s
ed
o
r
r
ec
y
cled
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
b
atter
y
'
s
life
tim
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
e
d
,
th
e
r
ep
lace
m
en
t
r
ate
an
d
co
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
in
g
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
p
r
im
ar
y
m
ater
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ca
n
b
e
lo
wer
ed
,
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
s
ts
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
ac
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ap
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l Po
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E
n
g
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2252
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8
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ta
l fo
o
t
p
r
in
t a
s
s
es
s
men
t o
f lith
iu
m
io
n
(
Li
-
i
o
n
)
b
a
tter
ies in
elec
tr
ic
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R
a
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r
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.
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o
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p
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ateg
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mp
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a
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t
h
pt
1
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9
6
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7
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1
.
5
1
8
6
1
5
3
.
8
7
3
S
t
r
a
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h
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e
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u
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t
h
pt
0
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8
8
9
0
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0
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4
0
.
0
4
5
4
I
o
n
i
z
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pt
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4
4
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9
5
O
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o
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o
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,
h
u
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h
e
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H
u
ma
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a
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h
pt
2
6
.
8
8
9
0
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2
2
7
2
.
6
4
0
4
F
i
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R
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s
pt
1
7
0
7
.
6
3
9
3
.
3
7
5
2
3
3
3
.
8
5
8
Te
r
r
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pt
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9
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3
6
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2
4
8
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7
8
4
1
F
r
e
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w
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t
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m
pt
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1
5
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8
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2
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2
8
6
5
M
a
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3
Te
r
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e
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a
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pt
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1
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1
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7
9
8
4
F
r
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w
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t
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e
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pt
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8
2
M
a
r
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pt
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8
2
H
u
ma
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Ec
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pt
5
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3
6
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3
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1
5
7
3
1
2
.
7
6
5
8
H
u
ma
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n
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c
t
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Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
pt
2
3
.
8
0
7
0
.
2
4
6
6
2
5
.
1
7
7
1
La
n
d
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se
R
e
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e
s
pt
0
.
7
8
2
0
.
0
0
5
5
0
.
6
9
3
7
M
i
n
e
r
a
l
r
e
so
u
r
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sc
a
r
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H
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t
h
pt
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6
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4
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0
.
5
3
0
2
F
o
ssi
l
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e
s
o
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r
c
e
sca
r
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Ec
o
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y
s
t
e
m
pt
4
4
8
.
2
9
8
0
.
0
3
7
4
.
0
4
5
W
a
t
e
r
c
o
n
s
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m
p
t
i
o
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Ec
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
pt
2
6
.
0
6
8
0
.
0
3
4
1
3
.
4
1
6
2
To
t
a
l
pt
3
3
9
7
.
3
6
5
.
5
3
5
4
5
4
9
.
9
4
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
o
f
elec
tr
i
c
m
o
to
r
cy
cles a
n
d
o
il
-
f
u
eled
m
o
to
r
cy
cles
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
f
r
o
m
L
C
A
r
esu
lts
to
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
Fro
m
a
p
o
licy
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
in
teg
r
atin
g
clea
n
en
e
r
g
y
is
ess
en
tial
to
m
ax
im
izin
g
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
b
en
ef
its
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
I
n
ce
n
tiv
es
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
-
b
ased
E
V
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
,
s
u
b
s
id
ies
f
o
r
b
atter
y
r
ec
y
clin
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
r
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o
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as a
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lead
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r
i
n
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
elec
tr
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m
o
b
ilit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
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5
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ased
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te
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ater
ial
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ac
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a
n
d
ce
ll
f
a
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r
icat
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in
v
o
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ed
[
2
5
]
.
R
ev
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-
b
ased
an
aly
s
es
f
u
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p
h
asize
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ies
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ely
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ar
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atasets
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ar
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ep
r
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o
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itio
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s
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
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co
m
p
ar
ati
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L
C
As
b
etwe
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elec
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tio
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cy
cl
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at
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en
v
ir
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m
en
tal
ad
v
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tag
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el
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tr
ic
v
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icles
ty
p
ically
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ep
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o
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th
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clea
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th
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elec
tr
icity
g
r
id
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s
ed
f
o
r
ch
a
r
g
in
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[
1
4
]
.
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n
co
n
tr
ast
to
m
o
s
t
p
r
ev
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s
s
tu
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ies,
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is
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ag
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p
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ase
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o
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ib
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ai
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ly
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ec
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s
e
I
n
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o
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al
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ased
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ix
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tr
ea
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em
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io
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s
f
r
o
m
b
atter
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ch
ar
g
in
g
.
T
h
ese
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esu
lts
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
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eg
io
n
al
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
s
h
if
t th
e
life
-
cy
cle
h
o
ts
p
o
t
o
f
elec
tr
ic
v
e
h
icle
b
atter
ies.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
p
r
im
ar
y
f
ield
d
ata,
s
u
ch
as
ac
tu
al
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
ass
em
b
ly
ac
tiv
ities
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
elec
tr
icity
u
s
e,
an
d
en
d
-
of
-
life
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is
ass
em
b
ly
,
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d
b
y
e
v
alu
atin
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two
im
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t
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ce
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ar
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,
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ter
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al
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u
s
e
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d
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n
d
-
life
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atter
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ap
p
licatio
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,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
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id
es
em
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ir
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co
n
tex
t
-
s
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ig
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ts
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r
ac
tical
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tio
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im
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ac
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ed
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a
n
d
h
ig
h
lig
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ts
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ad
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f
f
s
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n
r
ich
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ex
is
tin
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L
C
A
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icle
b
atter
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.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
L
C
A
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
wh
i
le
elec
tr
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o
to
r
b
ik
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d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
d
ir
ec
t
e
x
h
au
s
t
em
is
s
io
n
s
an
d
th
ei
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o
v
er
all
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
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s
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al
ler
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
co
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o
to
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eir
L
i
-
io
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atter
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s
till
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r
o
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u
ce
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ig
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if
ican
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im
p
ac
ts
,
a
ttain
in
g
9
2
0
p
t
f
o
r
th
e
MO
L
I
NDO
b
atter
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tem
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o
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atio
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y
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s
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ase
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5
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p
t
d
u
e
to
elec
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ic
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ased
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n
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o
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s
il
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els.
W
ast
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ed
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ctio
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d
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r
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lo
n
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tili
ty
p
o
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ib
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y
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eu
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in
g
ex
te
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al
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atter
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ca
s
i
n
g
s
an
d
u
tili
zin
g
s
ec
o
n
d
-
life
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atter
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
c
o
m
p
le
ted
with
ef
f
icien
t
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
ec
y
c
lin
g
r
ates,
a
n
d
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
clea
n
e
r
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
a
n
d
lo
w
-
ca
r
b
o
n
elec
tr
icity
if
f
u
ll
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
b
en
ef
its
ar
e
to
b
e
r
ea
lized
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
n
ess
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ata
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
m
o
r
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
L
i
-
io
n
b
atter
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
lo
ca
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
b
atter
ies
in
te
r
n
atio
n
ally
,
it
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
t
h
at
th
e
u
s
ag
e
p
h
ase
is
a
m
ajo
r
d
r
iv
er
o
f
im
p
ac
ts
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
n
atio
n
al
elec
tr
icit
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m
ix
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
.
Su
c
h
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
co
u
ld
h
elp
f
ill
th
e
g
ap
i
n
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
co
n
tex
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al
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atter
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C
A
an
d
p
r
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v
id
e
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cien
tific
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id
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ce
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
b
atter
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d
esig
n
,
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
,
an
d
its
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
life
.
ACK
NO
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DG
M
E
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
n
viro
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men
ta
l fo
o
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p
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DATA AV
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,
[
SI
]
,
u
p
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n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
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est.
RE
F
E
R
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NC
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S
[
1
]
S
.
I
st
i
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o
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h
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.
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p
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.
[
3
]
S
.
C
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,
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.
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w
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.
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.
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m
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W
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[
4
]
M
.
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Y
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o
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to
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1
.
[
5
]
S
.
I
st
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,
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[
6
]
A
.
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[
7
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.
A
.
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m
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l
.
,
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[
8
]
K
.
M
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ņ
š
a
n
d
A
.
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a
r
i
sa,
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[
9
]
A
.
F
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my
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M
.
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S
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v
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m
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)
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(
LC
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0
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E.
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.
P
a
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l
.
,
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f
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En
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1
2
]
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.
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.
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h
a
,
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.
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.
Lo
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st
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st
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:
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mu
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[
1
3
]
J.
E
,
H
.
X
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o
,
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.
Ti
a
n
,
a
n
d
Y
.
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u
a
n
g
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c
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me
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re
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
6
7
–
2
7
8
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
s4
1
5
6
0
-
0
1
8
-
0
1
0
7
-
2.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ra
fi
J
u
n
ia
r
S
a
p
u
tr
a
is
a
stu
d
e
n
t
o
f
I
n
d
u
strial
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
tu
d
y
P
r
o
g
ra
m
a
t
Telk
o
m
Un
i
v
e
rsity
.
Du
ri
n
g
h
is
stu
d
ies
,
he
sh
o
we
d
g
re
a
t
in
tere
s
t
in
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
i
n
d
u
strial
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts,
with
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
e
f
ficie
n
c
y
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
i
n
in
d
u
strial
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s.
As
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
e
n
t
h
u
sia
stic
y
o
u
n
g
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
he
is
d
e
d
ica
ted
t
o
c
o
n
ti
n
u
a
ll
y
lea
rn
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
n
g
t
o
th
e
fiel
d
o
f
i
n
d
u
strial
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
stu
d
ies
,
p
ro
jec
ts,
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
th
a
t
a
li
g
n
with
th
e
e
v
o
lv
i
n
g
n
e
e
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
e
rn
in
d
u
str
y
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ra
fij
u
n
iar8
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Aufa
r
Fi
k
r
i
Dim
y
a
ti
is
a
le
c
tu
re
r
with
e
x
p
e
rti
se
i
n
m
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
rin
g
,
li
fe
c
y
c
le
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
(LCA),
a
n
d
c
lo
se
d
-
l
o
o
p
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
(CL
S
C).
As
a
n
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic,
h
e
is
a
c
ti
v
e
ly
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
y
in
g
su
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts
in
m
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
rin
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
in
teg
ra
ti
n
g
c
l
o
se
d
su
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
to
su
p
p
o
r
t
a
c
ircu
lar
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
.
Th
r
o
u
g
h
h
is
d
e
d
ica
ti
o
n
to
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
he
is
c
o
m
m
it
ted
to
m
a
k
in
g
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
to
h
is
fiel
d
t
h
ro
u
g
h
tea
c
h
in
g
,
r
e
se
a
rc
h
,
a
n
d
sc
ien
ti
f
ic
p
u
b
l
ica
ti
o
n
s.
His
e
x
p
e
rti
se
p
la
y
s
a
p
o
siti
v
e
ro
le
in
a
d
v
a
n
c
in
g
m
o
re
su
sta
in
a
b
le
a
n
d
e
fficie
n
t
i
n
d
u
st
rial
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
u
fa
rfd
@te
l
k
o
m
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
.
a
c
.
id
.
S
il
v
i
Is
tiq
o
m
a
h
is
a
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
a
n
d
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
in
th
e
fiel
d
o
f
su
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
in
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
S
h
e
e
a
rn
e
d
b
o
th
h
e
r
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r’s
a
n
d
m
a
ste
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
e
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
fr
o
m
S
e
b
e
las
M
a
re
t
Un
iv
e
rsity
(UN
S
)
,
sp
e
c
ializin
g
i
n
n
e
two
r
k
d
e
si
g
n
,
b
u
sin
e
ss
c
o
m
m
e
rc
ializa
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
s
u
sta
in
a
b
le
su
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
in
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
S
in
c
e
2
0
2
2
,
s
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
c
ti
v
e
l
y
se
rv
in
g
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
Telk
o
m
Un
i
v
e
rsity
a
n
d
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
e
x
p
e
rt
i
n
th
e
field
o
f
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
.
Wi
th
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
e
rti
fica
ti
o
n
a
s
a
Ce
rti
fied
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
i
n
L
o
g
is
ti
c
s
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(CP
LM
)
,
sh
e
h
a
s
e
sta
b
li
sh
e
d
e
x
p
e
rti
se
i
n
lo
g
isti
c
s
a
n
d
su
p
p
ly
c
h
a
in
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
S
h
e
a
lso
h
a
s
e
x
ten
siv
e
re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
with
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
a
c
ro
ss
v
a
rio
u
s
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
su
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
in
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
su
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
stra
teg
ies
a
n
d
n
e
two
rk
d
e
si
g
n
.
He
r
e
x
p
e
rti
se
m
a
k
e
s
h
e
r
a
k
e
y
c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
t
o
r
t
o
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
in
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
in
t
h
e
su
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
a
n
d
l
o
g
isti
c
s se
c
to
rs.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sil
v
ii
sti
q
o
m
a
h
@te
lk
o
m
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
.
a
c
.
id
.
Dw
i
H
e
r
u
S
iswa
n
to
r
o
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
in
th
e
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
S
t
u
d
y
P
ro
g
ra
m
a
t
P
o
li
tek
n
ik
I
n
tern
a
sio
n
a
l
Tam
a
n
sisw
a
M
o
jo
k
e
rt
o
.
He
sp
e
c
ialize
s
in
th
e
rm
a
l
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
with
a
fo
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
e
fficie
n
t
a
n
d
s
u
sta
in
a
b
le
u
se
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
.
As
a
n
e
d
u
c
a
to
r,
he
is
d
e
d
ica
ted
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
ts'
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
tea
c
h
in
g
t
h
a
t
a
li
g
n
s wit
h
i
n
d
u
stry
n
e
e
d
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
d
wih
e
ru
s
iswa
n
to
ro
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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