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I
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r th
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CC B
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SA
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C
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p
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A
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:
Kam
r
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Daw
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Dep
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f
R
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Dev
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p
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Ast
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Alci
OSB
,
2
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0
1
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3
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6
9
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Sin
ca
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k
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k
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an
.
d
awo
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@
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as.c
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m
.
tr
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
ar
e
cr
u
cial
co
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p
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n
e
n
ts
in
th
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elec
tr
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p
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in
d
u
s
tr
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,
ac
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g
as
th
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in
ter
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ac
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b
etwe
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-
v
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ltag
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s
m
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s
y
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tem
s
an
d
lo
w
-
v
o
ltag
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d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
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n
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
s
is
es
s
en
tial
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
e
n
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
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,
r
ed
u
ce
o
p
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al
co
s
ts
,
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
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in
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
W
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ile
tr
ad
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al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
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p
r
im
a
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f
o
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es
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co
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to
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th
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s
ize,
weig
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an
d
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f
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f
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to
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with
o
u
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co
m
p
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m
is
in
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p
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f
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.
Nu
m
er
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s
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tu
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ies
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p
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asize
th
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s
ig
n
if
ican
t
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o
f
co
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m
ater
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in
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m
in
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
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f
icien
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.
L
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et
a
l
.
[
4
]
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
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s
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o
f
h
ig
h
-
p
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f
o
r
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an
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lam
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ated
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ater
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ca
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m
ar
k
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e
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b
y
m
in
im
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d
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en
t
s
.
Daw
o
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d
an
d
T
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r
s
u
n
[
5
]
f
u
r
th
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in
v
esti
g
ated
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
er
d
esig
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,
with
p
ar
ti
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lar
em
p
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n
th
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o
f
co
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m
ater
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in
in
f
lu
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cin
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lo
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s
es.
Daw
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T
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r
s
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[
5
]
h
ig
h
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t
th
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c
r
itical
r
elatio
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s
h
ip
b
etwe
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co
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m
ater
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s
elec
tio
n
an
d
n
o
-
l
o
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lo
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s
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em
p
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asizin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ca
r
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co
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s
id
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n
o
f
co
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m
ate
r
ials
to
m
i
n
im
ize
th
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lo
s
s
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
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e
g
e
o
m
etr
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o
f
lam
in
ated
co
r
es
is
cr
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cial
in
in
f
lu
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n
o
-
l
o
ad
lo
s
s
es,
wh
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in
tu
r
n
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
o
v
er
a
ll
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
[
5
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
elec
tin
g
ap
p
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o
p
r
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co
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m
ater
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an
d
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p
tim
izin
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th
e
c
o
r
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d
esig
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to
en
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ce
tr
a
n
s
f
o
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m
er
p
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f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
e
n
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
9
9
5
-
1
008
996
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
co
r
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m
ater
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h
as
also
b
ee
n
e
x
ten
s
iv
ely
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
i
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
as
a
p
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m
is
in
g
alter
n
ativ
e
m
ater
ial
f
o
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s
f
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ater
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ig
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p
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tio
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teel
[
6
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-
[
8
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.
Ho
wev
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r
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f
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p
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ater
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p
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allen
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s
u
ch
as
co
s
t,
v
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r
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s
,
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d
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d
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is
e
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eto
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n
.
T
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es
m
u
s
t
b
e
ca
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e
f
u
lly
co
n
s
id
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d
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d
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ess
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d
d
u
r
in
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th
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d
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ase
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lly
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b
en
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its
o
f
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
co
r
e
m
ater
i
als [
9
]
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
also
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
tim
izatio
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tech
n
i
q
u
es
u
s
ed
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
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er
co
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e
d
esig
n
.
E
x
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g
m
o
d
els
f
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p
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ed
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co
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e
lo
s
s
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s
u
ch
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Stein
m
etz
eq
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s
,
ar
e
wid
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p
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n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
lo
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m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
[
1
0
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
n
ewe
r
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
em
p
lo
y
in
g
f
in
ite
-
elem
e
n
t
m
o
d
els
ar
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
as
v
alu
a
b
le
to
o
ls
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ately
p
r
e
d
ictin
g
co
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
co
m
p
lex
g
eo
m
etr
ies
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
4
]
.
R
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
s
im
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
ce
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
f
lo
s
s
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
a
n
d
p
o
wer
lev
els
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
W
h
ile
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
in
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
o
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es
an
d
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ity
,
n
o
tab
le
g
ap
s
s
till
ex
is
t.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
es
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
p
o
wer
lev
els
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
war
r
an
ts
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
p
er
tin
en
t
in
t
h
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
d
r
y
-
ty
p
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
u
s
ed
in
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
u
n
iq
u
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
em
an
d
s
m
ay
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
co
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
is
w
o
r
k
a
r
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
i
n
-
d
ep
t
h
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
p
o
wer
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
,
v
o
ltag
e
r
atin
g
s
,
an
d
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
.
B
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
f
r
o
m
4
0
0
k
VA
to
3
2
0
0
k
VA,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
t
s
in
to
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
d
esig
n
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lev
els
o
f
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
in
th
is
r
an
g
e
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial,
co
m
m
er
cial,
an
d
r
esid
en
tial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
th
eir
s
ize
an
d
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
ev
o
lv
e
with
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
An
o
th
er
k
ey
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
o
p
e
r
atin
g
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
im
a
r
y
v
o
ltag
e
r
atin
g
s
:
6
k
V,
1
5
k
V,
an
d
3
3
k
V,
all
with
a
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
v
o
l
tag
e
o
f
0
.
4
k
V.
T
h
ese
v
o
ltag
e
r
atin
g
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
co
m
m
o
n
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
co
v
er
in
g
a
b
r
o
ad
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
ty
p
ically
en
c
o
u
n
ter
e
d
in
m
e
d
iu
m
an
d
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
p
o
we
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
B
y
ex
a
m
in
in
g
h
o
w
th
ese
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
atin
g
s
af
f
ec
t
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
ef
f
ici
en
cy
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
h
elp
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
v
o
ltag
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
m
atch
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
r
id
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ates
a
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
u
tili
zin
g
two
d
is
tin
ct
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
,
H0
an
d
M4
,
wh
ich
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
is
a
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
’
s
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
n
o
is
e
lev
els,
an
d
o
v
er
all
co
s
t.
H0
an
d
M4
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
ad
es
o
f
s
ilico
n
s
teel,
wh
ich
v
ar
y
in
ter
m
s
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
,
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
u
r
t
h
er
q
u
an
tifie
s
th
e
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
b
o
th
M4
a
n
d
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
o
wer
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
r
atin
g
s
.
B
y
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
two
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
clea
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
p
lay
s
a
r
o
le
in
b
o
th
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
2.
NO
-
L
O
AD
L
O
SS
E
S A
ND
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
S US
E
D
I
N
P
O
WE
R
T
RANSF
O
R
M
E
R
CO
RE
S
E
f
f
icien
t
en
e
r
g
y
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
ar
e
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
p
o
wer
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
cr
itical
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
in
ter
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
p
o
we
r
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
l
ev
els,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
r
elatio
n
to
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
c
o
r
e
m
ater
ial
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
life
s
p
an
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
p
o
wer
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
es
ar
e
c
o
ld
-
r
o
l
led
g
r
ain
-
o
r
ien
te
d
(
C
R
GO)
s
i
lico
n
s
teel
an
d
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
s
teel
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
a
g
n
etic
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ir
o
n
ar
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
b
y
s
ilico
n
s
teel,
wh
ich
co
n
tain
s
a
h
ig
h
er
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
s
ilico
n
(
ty
p
ically
2
-
4
%).
B
y
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
elec
tr
i
ca
l
r
esis
tiv
ity
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
s
ilico
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
an
d
en
h
an
c
es
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
.
C
R
GO
s
ilico
n
s
teel
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
em
p
lo
y
ed
m
ater
ial
in
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
es
d
u
e
to
its
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
C
R
GO
s
teel
is
av
ailab
le
in
v
ar
io
u
s
g
r
ad
es,
ea
ch
tailo
r
ed
to
m
ee
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
h
ig
h
s
atu
r
atio
n
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ity
an
d
m
in
im
al
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
lam
in
atio
n
s
o
f
C
R
G
O
s
teel,
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
u
a
lly
b
etwe
en
0
.
2
3
an
d
0
.
3
5
m
m
th
ick
[
1
8
]
,
r
ed
u
ce
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
lo
s
s
es,
wh
ich
a
r
e
b
ig
at
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
Du
e
t
o
its
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
C
R
GO
s
teel
is
th
e
p
r
e
f
er
r
e
d
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
p
o
wer
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
a
cr
itical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
ffect
o
f p
o
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lta
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e
va
r
ia
tio
n
s
o
n
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es a
n
d
g
eo
metry
fo
r
…
(
K
a
mra
n
Da
w
o
o
d
)
997
Am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
s
teel
is
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ec
o
m
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
e
v
alen
t
s
u
b
s
titu
te
f
o
r
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
cr
y
s
tallin
e
m
ater
ials
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
c
o
r
es.
I
n
co
n
t
r
a
s
t
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
,
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
s
teel
ex
h
ib
its
e
n
h
an
ce
d
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
y
s
te
r
esis
lo
s
s
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
g
r
ai
n
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies
[
1
9
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
s
teel
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
n
ar
r
o
wer
lam
i
n
atio
n
s
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
am
o
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p
h
o
u
s
s
teel
is
lim
ited
b
y
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r
tain
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es,
s
u
ch
as
its
h
ig
h
er
co
s
t
an
d
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
in
v
o
l
v
es
r
ap
id
s
o
lid
if
icatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
s
teel
is
m
o
r
e
b
r
ittl
e
th
an
cr
y
s
tallin
e
m
ater
ials
,
m
ak
in
g
it
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
h
a
n
d
le,
cu
t,
an
d
s
h
ap
e
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
De
s
p
ite
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
s
teel
r
em
ain
s
a
co
m
p
ellin
g
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
d
u
e
to
its
ad
v
an
tag
es in
e
f
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
a
cr
itical
asp
ec
t
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
s
ts
[
2
0
]
.
C
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es
p
r
im
ar
ily
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
h
y
s
ter
esis
an
d
e
d
d
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es,
b
o
th
o
f
wh
ich
ar
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
an
d
g
eo
m
etr
y
.
E
d
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es
o
cc
u
r
in
th
e
m
etallic
p
ar
ts
o
f
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
u
e
to
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
in
d
u
ce
d
b
y
a
ch
an
g
in
g
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
,
as
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
Far
ad
ay
'
s
law
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
d
u
ctio
n
.
W
h
en
an
alt
er
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
f
l
o
ws
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
win
d
in
g
s
,
it
g
en
er
ates
a
ch
a
n
g
in
g
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
ield
in
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
e
.
T
h
is
ch
an
g
in
g
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
in
d
u
ce
s
an
E
MF
in
th
e
co
r
e,
wh
ich
ca
u
s
es
cir
cu
l
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
ts
k
n
o
wn
as
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
r
esu
lt
in
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t lo
s
s
es
(P
eddy
)
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
[
5
]
.
=
2
2
2
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
K
e
,
B
m
,
f
,
an
d
V
ar
e
th
e
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
co
ef
f
icien
t,
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ity
,
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
a
n
d
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
m
ater
i
al.
E
d
d
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
co
r
e’
s
r
esis
tan
c
e,
wh
ich
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
its
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
s
o
lid
co
r
e
h
as
lo
wer
r
e
s
is
tan
ce
d
u
e
to
th
e
lar
g
er
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
s
o
lid
co
r
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
.
Du
e
to
th
e
lo
wer
r
esis
tan
ce
in
s
o
lid
co
r
es,
th
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
in
t
h
e
s
o
lid
co
r
e
is
h
ig
h
er
.
T
h
e
e
d
d
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
lo
s
s
es
ca
n
b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
lam
in
ated
s
h
ee
ts
in
th
e
co
r
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
Gen
e
r
ally
,
th
i
n
lam
in
ated
s
h
ee
ts
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
r
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
lam
in
ated
c
o
r
e
h
as
h
ig
h
er
r
esis
tan
ce
co
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
th
e
s
o
lid
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
c
o
r
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
m
aller
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
lam
in
ated
co
r
e,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
h
ig
h
er
r
esis
tan
ce
in
lam
in
ated
co
r
es,
th
e
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
,
lead
i
n
g
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t lo
s
s
es.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
c
o
r
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
: (
a)
s
o
lid
co
r
e
an
d
(
b
)
la
m
in
ated
co
r
e
An
o
th
er
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
ty
p
e
o
f
co
r
e
lo
s
s
is
h
y
s
ter
esis
lo
s
s
,
wh
ic
h
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ep
ea
ted
m
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
an
d
d
em
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
r
e
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
lo
s
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
er
m
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
co
r
e
m
ater
ial;
it
is
lo
wer
in
h
ig
h
l
y
p
er
m
ea
b
le
m
ater
ials
an
d
h
i
g
h
er
in
less
p
er
m
ea
b
le
o
n
es.
T
h
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
lo
s
s
(P
hys
)
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
2
)
[
5
]
.
ℎ
=
(
2
)
W
h
er
e,
Ƞ
is
th
e
Stein
m
etz’
s
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
o
tal
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es (
)
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
[
5
]
.
=
/
×
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
9
9
5
-
1
008
998
I
n
(
3
)
,
/
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
l
o
s
s
p
er
k
ilo
g
r
am
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
r
e
m
ate
r
ial,
an
d
d
en
o
tes
th
e
to
tal
w
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
c
o
r
e.
C
o
r
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
is
a
v
ital
d
ete
r
m
in
an
t
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
af
f
ec
ts
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es.
V
o
ltag
e
lev
els
h
av
e
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
im
p
ac
t
o
n
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
an
d
th
e
g
e
o
m
etr
y
o
f
th
e
co
r
e.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
co
r
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
an
d
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
is
e
s
s
e
n
tial
to
m
ax
im
ize
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
als
o
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
in
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
es
ig
n
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
esig
n
ch
o
ices
a
n
d
m
ater
ial
s
elec
tio
n
ca
n
lea
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Desp
ite
t
h
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
an
d
g
e
o
m
etr
y
,
s
ev
er
al
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
g
a
p
s
r
em
ain
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
wh
ile
m
u
ch
is
k
n
o
wn
ab
o
u
t
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ater
ials
o
n
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
o
wer
le
v
els
o
n
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
an
d
th
e
g
eo
m
et
r
y
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
c
o
r
es.
T
h
is
g
ap
in
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
h
o
w
d
y
n
am
ic
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
im
p
ac
t
c
o
r
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
lo
s
s
es,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t o
f
d
r
y
-
ty
p
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
cr
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ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
er
s
b
y
an
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y
zin
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
ize
an
d
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
th
eir
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
,
co
r
e
m
ater
ial,
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els.
T
h
e
f
o
c
u
s
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
o
n
d
r
y
-
ty
p
e
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
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s
r
ated
b
et
wee
n
4
0
0
k
VA
a
n
d
3
2
0
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k
VA.
No
-
lo
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lo
s
s
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f
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th
e
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
wer
e
ass
es
s
ed
at
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
p
r
i
m
ar
y
-
s
id
e
v
o
ltag
es
(
6
k
V,
1
5
k
V,
an
d
3
3
k
V)
,
w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
id
e
at
a
co
n
s
tan
t
4
0
0
V.
P
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
4
0
0
k
VA
to
3
2
0
0
k
VA,
i
n
in
cr
em
e
n
ts
o
f
1
0
0
k
VA.
All tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
a
1
.
7
T
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
e
n
s
ity
an
d
6
% lea
k
ag
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
,
with
a
to
ler
an
ce
o
f
±
1
0
% f
o
r
b
o
th
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
d
ec
ad
es,
th
e
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
n
u
m
er
i
ca
l
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
led
to
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
u
s
e
o
f
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
an
aly
s
is
(
FEA)
f
o
r
ass
es
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
itially
,
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
FEM
)
an
d
a
n
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Deta
ils
o
f
th
e
FEM
m
o
d
elin
g
,
as
well
as
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
an
d
o
p
en
-
cir
cu
it
test
s
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
[
4
]
,
[
26
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
a
b
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
lts
o
f
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
i
al
at
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
an
d
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
es.
T
ab
le
1
.
No
-
l
o
ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
M
4
co
r
e
m
ate
r
ial
at
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
w
er
r
atin
g
s
an
d
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
s
(
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
an
d
3
3
k
V)
P
o
w
e
r
(
k
V
A
)
6
k
V
1
5
k
V
3
3
k
V
4
0
0
K
1
.
1
9
K
1
.
5
4
K
5
0
0
1
.
1
5
K
1
.
3
0
K
1
.
7
5
K
6
0
0
1
.
2
8
K
1
.
4
3
K
1
.
9
7
K
7
0
0
1
.
4
8
K
1
.
5
8
K
2
.
1
5
K
8
0
0
1
.
7
0
K
1
.
8
1
K
2
.
2
9
K
9
0
0
1
.
8
2
K
1
.
9
7
K
2
.
4
5
K
1
0
0
0
1
.
9
5
K
2
.
1
9
K
2
.
6
6
K
1
1
0
0
2
.
1
0
K
2
.
3
1
K
2
.
8
2
K
1
2
0
0
2
.
2
3
K
2
.
4
4
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3
.
0
1
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1
3
0
0
2
.
3
8
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2
.
6
0
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3
.
1
6
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1
4
0
0
2
.
5
1
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2
.
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3
.
3
3
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1
5
0
0
2
.
7
2
K
2
.
8
8
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3
.
4
9
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1
6
0
0
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.
8
6
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3
.
0
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3
.
7
9
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1
7
0
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.
9
9
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3
.
1
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3
.
9
8
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1
8
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1
1
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3
.
3
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4
.
1
8
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1
9
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1
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.
4
9
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4
.
4
0
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2
0
0
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3
.
3
6
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3
.
6
6
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4
.
5
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2
1
0
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3
.
5
9
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3
.
8
3
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4
.
7
4
K
2
2
0
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3
.
7
6
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3
.
9
8
K
4
.
9
6
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2
3
0
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8
3
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4
.
1
3
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5
.
1
7
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2
4
0
0
4
.
0
2
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4
.
2
6
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5
.
3
1
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2
5
0
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.
2
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4
.
4
2
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5
.
4
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2
6
0
0
4
.
3
3
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4
.
5
7
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5
.
5
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2
7
0
0
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5
4
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4
.
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5
.
8
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2
8
0
0
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.
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4
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4
.
8
8
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6
.
0
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2
9
0
0
4
.
7
9
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5
.
0
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6
.
2
5
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3
0
0
0
5
.
0
1
K
5
.
1
5
K
6
.
4
1
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3
1
0
0
5
.
1
6
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5
.
3
1
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6
.
5
2
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3
2
0
0
5
.
2
8
K
5
.
4
7
K
6
.
7
2
K
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
ffect
o
f p
o
w
er a
n
d
vo
lta
g
e
va
r
ia
tio
n
s
o
n
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es a
n
d
g
eo
metry
fo
r
…
(
K
a
mra
n
Da
w
o
o
d
)
999
T
h
e
n
o
-
lo
a
d
(
o
p
e
n
-
cir
cu
it)
te
s
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
’
s
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ied
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
v
o
ltag
e
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
win
d
in
g
wh
ile
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
r
em
ain
s
o
p
e
n
.
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
is
b
ased
o
n
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
I
n
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
K
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
at
a
p
r
im
a
r
y
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
6
k
V
f
o
r
a
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
o
f
4
0
0
k
V
A.
I
n
th
is
co
n
te
x
t,
K
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
ar
in
g
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
at
o
th
er
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
es f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
.
Fig
u
r
es
2
to
4
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
at
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
an
d
3
3
k
V
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
m
ain
aim
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
ex
am
i
n
e
h
o
w
p
o
we
r
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
s
ize
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
.
B
y
an
aly
zin
g
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
er
s
,
h
elp
in
g
th
em
m
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
s
wh
en
s
elec
tin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
wh
eth
er
f
o
r
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
p
o
we
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
lan
ts
,
o
r
u
r
b
an
g
r
id
s
.
Fig
u
r
es
2
to
4
illu
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
n
o
-
l
o
ad
lo
s
s
es
o
f
th
e
M
4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
in
c
r
ea
s
e
with
th
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
.
At
ea
ch
p
r
im
a
r
y
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
(
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
a
n
d
3
3
k
V)
,
lo
s
s
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
alm
o
s
t
li
n
ea
r
ly
as
th
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
r
is
es
f
r
o
m
4
0
0
k
V
A
to
3
2
0
0
k
V
A.
At
a
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
6
k
V
,
t
h
e
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
K
at
4
0
0
k
V
A
to
5
.
2
8
K
at
3
2
0
0
k
V
A.
At
1
5
k
V
an
d
3
3
k
V
,
th
e
lo
s
s
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
1
.
1
9
K
to
5
.
4
7
K
an
d
f
r
o
m
1
.
5
4
K
to
6
.
7
2
K,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
No
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
at
6
k
V
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
No
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
at
1
5
k
V
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
No
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
at
3
3
k
V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
9
9
5
-
1
008
1000
T
h
er
e
is
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
n
o
-
l
o
ad
lo
s
s
es
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
6
k
V
to
3
3
k
V
.
At
6
k
V
,
th
e
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
lo
wer
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
o
s
e
at
1
5
k
V
an
d
3
3
k
V
f
o
r
ea
c
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
at
4
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
is
K
at
6
k
V
,
wh
ich
in
cr
ea
s
es to
1
.
1
9
K
at
1
5
k
V
an
d
1
.
5
4
K
at
3
3
k
V
.
T
h
is
tr
en
d
is
ev
id
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
,
with
lo
s
s
es
at
3
3
k
V
alwa
y
s
b
ein
g
th
e
h
ig
h
est.
T
o
q
u
a
n
tify
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
v
o
l
tag
e
v
ar
iatio
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
3
3
k
V
an
d
6
k
V
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
in
cr
e
ases
as
th
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
at
3
2
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
c
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
3
3
k
V
an
d
6
k
V
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
i
s
1
.
4
4
K,
wh
ile
at
4
0
0
k
V
A,
th
is
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
o
n
ly
0
.
5
4
K.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
d
e
cr
ea
s
es
as
th
e
p
o
we
r
r
atin
g
in
cr
ea
s
es.
At
3
2
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
3
3
k
V
an
d
6
k
V
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
is
2
6
%,
wh
er
ea
s
at
4
0
0
k
V
A,
th
is
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
5
4
%.
T
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
n
o
-
l
o
ad
lo
s
s
es
b
ec
o
m
e
s
less
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
ter
m
s
at
h
ig
h
er
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
l
o
s
s
es in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
M
4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial,
ca
r
ef
u
l
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
is
ess
en
tial
wh
en
ev
al
u
atin
g
n
o
-
l
o
ad
l
o
s
s
es.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
er
s
m
u
s
t
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
elev
ated
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
at
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
en
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
is
o
p
tim
ized
.
T
h
e
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
th
e
H
0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
wer
e
also
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
n
d
er
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
im
ar
y
-
s
id
e
v
o
ltag
es
(
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
an
d
3
3
k
V)
,
with
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
id
e
h
eld
c
o
n
s
ta
n
t
at
4
0
0
V
.
Po
wer
r
atin
g
s
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
4
0
0
k
V
A
to
3
2
0
0
k
V
A,
in
in
c
r
em
en
ts
o
f
1
0
0
k
V
A.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
n
o
-
l
o
ad
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
at
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
o
wer
r
a
tin
g
s
an
d
p
r
im
a
r
y
v
o
ltag
es.
Fig
u
r
es 5
to
7
s
h
o
w
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
H0
co
r
e
m
a
ter
ial
at
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
an
d
3
3
k
V
.
Similar
to
th
e
M4
co
r
e
,
th
e
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
s
h
o
w
a
clea
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
with
r
is
in
g
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
.
At
ea
ch
p
r
im
a
r
y
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
(
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
an
d
3
3
k
V)
,
t
h
e
lo
s
s
es
s
tea
d
ily
in
cr
ea
s
e
as
th
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
r
is
es
f
r
o
m
4
0
0
k
V
A
to
3
2
0
0
k
V
A.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
at
6
k
V
,
th
e
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
2
K
at
4
0
0
k
V
A
to
3
.
8
4
K
at
3
2
0
0
k
V
A.
At
1
5
k
V
,
t
h
e
lo
s
s
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
0
.
8
8
K
to
4
.
3
5
K
,
an
d
at
3
3
k
V
,
th
e
lo
s
s
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
1
.
2
1
K
to
5
.
4
2
K.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
lin
ea
r
-
lik
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es a
n
d
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
,
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t w
ith
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
ex
p
ec
t
ed
f
r
o
m
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
e
m
ate
r
ials
.
T
ab
le
2
.
No
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
at
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
an
d
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
es
(
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
an
d
3
3
k
V)
P
o
w
e
r
(
k
V
A
)
6
k
V
1
5
k
V
3
3
k
V
4
0
0
0
.
7
2
K
0
.
8
8
K
1
.
2
1
K
5
0
0
0
.
8
4
K
0
.
9
8
K
1
.
3
9
K
6
0
0
0
.
9
8
K
1
.
1
1
K
1
.
5
6
K
7
0
0
1
.
0
9
K
1
.
2
5
K
1
.
7
1
K
8
0
0
1
.
2
1
K
1
.
3
9
K
1
.
8
5
K
9
0
0
1
.
3
1
K
1
.
5
1
K
2
.
0
3
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1
0
0
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1
.
4
1
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1
.
6
5
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2
.
1
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1
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1
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2
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1
4
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2
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1
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2
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2
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1
6
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As
with
th
e
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c
o
r
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m
ater
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th
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o
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lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
th
e
H
0
co
r
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m
ater
ial
in
c
r
ea
s
e
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
r
is
es
f
r
o
m
6
k
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3
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r
ea
ch
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atin
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,
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at
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ig
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at
6
k
V
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.
8
8
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at
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an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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atin
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u
r
e
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ile
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th
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if
f
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r
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5
8
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e
p
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n
tag
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d
if
f
er
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ce
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ec
r
ea
s
es
as
th
e
p
o
wer
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atin
g
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cr
ea
s
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Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
at
3
2
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
3
3
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an
d
6
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n
o
-
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ad
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s
s
es
is
4
1
%,
wh
ile
at
4
0
0
k
V
A,
th
is
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
6
8
%.
T
h
is
tr
en
d
m
ir
r
o
r
s
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial,
wh
er
e
th
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
p
r
im
a
r
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v
o
ltag
e
o
n
n
o
-
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lo
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ec
o
m
es
less
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
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p
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ce
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ter
m
s
at
h
ig
h
er
p
o
wer
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atin
g
s
,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
lo
s
s
es in
cr
ea
s
es.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
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er
en
t
v
o
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es
f
o
r
th
e
H0
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ater
ial
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fig
u
r
es
9
to
1
1
s
h
o
w
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
r
esu
lts
b
etwe
en
th
e
M4
an
d
H0
c
o
r
e
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
an
d
3
3
k
V
.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
o
f
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
M4
co
r
e,
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
ex
h
ib
its
lo
wer
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
at
ea
ch
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
.
F
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
at
4
0
0
k
V
A
an
d
6
k
V
,
th
e
H0
co
r
e
lo
s
s
i
s
0
.
7
2
K,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
K
f
o
r
th
e
M4
co
r
e.
Similar
ly
,
at
3
2
0
0
k
V
A
an
d
3
3
k
V
,
th
e
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
ar
e
5
.
4
2
K,
wh
e
r
ea
s
th
e
M4
co
r
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
6
.
7
2
K.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
e
d
u
cin
g
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es,
m
ak
in
g
it
a
p
o
ten
tially
b
etter
ch
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f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wh
e
r
e
lo
w
n
o
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lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es a
r
e
a
p
r
io
r
i
ty
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
No
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ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
H
0
co
r
e
m
ate
r
ial
at
6
k
V
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
No
-
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ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
H
0
co
r
e
m
ate
r
ial
at
1
5
k
V
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
No
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es f
o
r
H
0
co
r
e
m
ate
r
ial
at
3
3
k
V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
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t J Ap
p
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wer
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
9
9
5
-
1
008
1002
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
in
g
n
o
-
lo
ad
l
o
s
s
es a
cr
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t v
o
ltag
es f
o
r
H0
m
ater
ial
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
M4
an
d
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
6
kV
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
M4
an
d
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
1
5
kV
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
M4
an
d
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
3
3
k
V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
E
ffect
o
f p
o
w
er a
n
d
vo
lta
g
e
va
r
ia
tio
n
s
o
n
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es a
n
d
g
eo
metry
fo
r
…
(
K
a
mra
n
Da
w
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o
d
)
1003
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
clea
r
ly
s
h
o
w
a
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
n
o
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lo
a
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lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
a
s
b
o
th
th
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
a
n
d
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
l
tag
e
in
cr
ea
s
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
M
4
co
r
e,
th
e
r
at
e
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
is
s
lig
h
tly
less
s
teep
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
it
m
ay
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
ef
f
icien
cy
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
e
r
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
ev
i
d
en
t
as
th
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
ex
ce
ed
s
2
0
0
0
k
V
A,
wh
er
e
th
e
M4
c
o
r
e
m
ate
r
ial
ex
h
ib
its
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
h
ig
h
er
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
em
p
h
asize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
co
r
e
m
ater
i
al
s
elec
tio
n
in
o
p
tim
izin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ate
r
ial’
s
lo
wer
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
at
h
ig
h
er
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
es
an
d
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
,
s
u
g
g
est
its
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wh
e
r
e
m
i
n
im
izin
g
n
o
-
lo
a
d
lo
s
s
es
is
cr
iti
ca
l,
s
u
ch
as
in
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
al
s
o
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
wh
en
d
esig
n
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
c
o
r
e
lo
s
s
es r
em
ain
with
in
ac
ce
p
tab
le
lim
its
.
T
h
e
H0
co
r
e’
s
lo
wer
n
o
-
lo
ad
l
o
s
s
es
m
ay
b
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
eo
u
s
f
o
r
d
esig
n
s
wh
er
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
is
a
p
r
io
r
it
y
,
esp
ec
ially
in
lar
g
e
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
o
r
in
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
wh
er
e
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
p
er
ates
at
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
es
f
o
r
ex
ten
d
ed
p
er
i
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
M4
co
r
e
m
ig
h
t
b
e
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
wh
er
e
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
er
n
o
-
lo
ad
lo
s
s
es
ca
n
b
e
to
ler
ated
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
o
cu
s
is
o
n
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
r
o
th
e
r
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
s
u
ch
as
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
tr
en
g
th
o
r
m
ag
n
etic
s
atu
r
atio
n
.
At
6
k
V
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
e
twee
n
M4
an
d
H0
is
n
o
tab
le
,
with
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
3
0
%
to
4
1
%
ac
r
o
s
s
all
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
.
At
1
5
k
V
,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
M4
an
d
H0
is
s
o
m
ewh
at
s
m
a
ller
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
6
k
V
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
5
%
to
3
6
%.
At
3
3
k
V
,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
M
4
an
d
H
0
f
u
r
th
er
n
a
r
r
o
ws,
with
v
alu
es
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
% to
2
8
%.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
r
e
-
m
a
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
.
T
h
is
f
ig
u
r
e
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tack
in
g
an
d
alig
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
lam
in
ated
s
teel
s
h
ee
ts
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
co
r
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
lam
in
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
r
ec
is
ely
cu
t
an
d
s
tack
ed
to
r
ed
u
c
e
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
o
p
tim
al
m
ag
n
etic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
s
u
r
es
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
an
d
m
in
im
izes g
ap
s
in
th
e
co
r
e
ass
em
b
ly
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
e
is
a
k
ey
p
a
r
am
eter
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
co
r
e'
s
ab
ili
ty
to
h
an
d
le
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
win
d
in
g
.
I
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
t
h
e
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es,
as
a
lar
g
er
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
ca
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
m
o
r
e
ev
en
l
y
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
lik
e
lih
o
o
d
o
f
s
atu
r
atio
n
an
d
c
o
r
e
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
.
Fig
u
r
es
1
3
to
1
5
p
r
esen
t
th
e
c
o
r
e
g
e
o
m
etr
y
(
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
a
n
d
h
eig
h
t)
f
o
r
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ials
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
y
i
n
g
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
(
6
0
0
k
V
A,
1
2
0
0
k
V
A,
1
8
0
0
k
V
A,
2
4
0
0
k
V
A,
a
n
d
3
0
0
0
k
V
A)
an
d
at
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
im
ar
y
-
s
id
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els:
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
a
n
d
3
3
k
V
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
C
o
r
e
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
an
d
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
M4
m
ater
ial
c
o
r
e
at
6
k
V
: (
a)
6
0
0
k
VA,
(
b
)
1
2
0
0
k
VA,
(
c)
1
8
0
0
k
VA,
(
d
)
2
4
0
0
k
VA,
an
d
(
e)
3
0
0
0
k
VA
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
9
9
5
-
1
008
1004
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
an
d
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
M4
m
ater
ial
c
o
r
e
at
1
5
k
V
: (
a)
6
0
0
k
VA,
(
b
)
1
2
0
0
k
VA,
(
c)
1
8
0
0
k
VA,
(
d
)
2
4
0
0
k
VA,
an
d
(
e)
3
0
0
0
k
VA
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
an
d
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
M4
m
ater
ial
c
o
r
e
at
3
3
k
V
: (
a)
6
0
0
k
VA,
(
b
)
1
2
0
0
k
VA,
(
c)
1
8
0
0
k
VA,
(
d
)
2
4
0
0
k
VA,
an
d
(
e)
3
0
0
0
k
VA
I
n
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
f
ig
u
r
es,
S
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
6
k
V
,
6
0
0
k
V
A
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
As
th
e
p
o
wer
r
ati
n
g
in
cr
ea
s
es,
b
o
th
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
an
d
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
co
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
m
ater
ials
,
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
lar
g
er
c
o
r
e
to
h
an
d
le
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
m
a
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
ass
o
ciate
d
with
h
ig
h
er
p
o
wer
le
v
els.
At
ea
ch
p
r
im
ar
y
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el,
th
e
M
4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
s
h
o
ws
an
in
cr
e
asin
g
tr
en
d
i
n
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
with
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
a
t
6
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
is
2
0
2
cm
²
at
6
k
V
,
wh
ich
in
c
r
ea
s
es
to
3
2
0
cm
²
at
3
3
k
V
.
As
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
to
3
0
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
r
is
es f
r
o
m
6
0
0
cm
²
at
6
k
V
to
7
6
2
cm
²
at
3
3
k
V
.
T
h
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
e
is
a
n
o
th
er
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
th
at
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
c
o
r
e
h
eig
h
t
p
lay
s
a
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
to
tal
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
r
e
m
ater
ial,
wh
ic
h
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
’
s
o
v
er
all
s
ize
an
d
weig
h
t.
As
th
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial,
th
e
co
r
e
h
eig
h
t
in
cr
e
ases
a
s
well.
At
6
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
co
r
e
is
1
.
0
0
S.
T
h
is
h
eig
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
tead
ily
to
1
.
2
7
S
at
3
0
0
0
k
V
A
at
6
k
V
.
At
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
e
l
ev
els
o
n
th
e
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
id
e
,
th
e
co
r
e
h
eig
h
t
also
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
at
3
3
k
V
,
th
e
co
r
e
h
eig
h
t in
c
r
ea
s
es f
r
o
m
1
.
0
4
S a
t 6
0
0
k
V
A
to
1
.
3
6
S a
t 3
0
0
0
k
V
A.
Fig
u
r
es
1
6
-
1
8
p
r
esen
t
th
e
c
o
r
e
g
eo
m
et
r
y
(
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
an
d
h
eig
h
t
)
f
o
r
H0
c
o
r
e
m
ater
ials
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
y
in
g
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
(
6
0
0
k
V
A,
1
2
0
0
k
V
A,
1
8
0
0
k
V
A,
2
4
0
0
k
V
A,
an
d
3
0
0
0
k
V
A)
an
d
at
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
im
ar
y
-
s
id
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els:
6
k
V
,
1
5
k
V
,
a
n
d
3
3
k
V
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
an
d
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
ar
e
g
en
e
r
ally
s
lig
h
tly
lar
g
er
th
a
n
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
M4
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
at
co
m
p
ar
a
b
le
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
an
d
v
o
ltag
es,
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
th
e
H
0
m
ater
ial
m
ay
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
lig
h
tl
y
m
o
r
e
m
ater
ial
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
s
am
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
its
d
if
f
er
en
t m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
H0
g
en
er
ally
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
lig
h
tly
lar
g
er
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
s
at
ea
ch
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
M4
co
r
e.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
at
6
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
H0
c
o
r
e’
s
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
s
tar
ts
at
2
0
9
cm
²
at
6
k
V
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
2
0
2
cm
²
f
o
r
th
e
M4
co
r
e.
At
3
0
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
H0
c
o
r
e
r
ea
ch
es
7
6
1
c
m
²
at
3
3
k
V
,
clo
s
ely
m
atch
in
g
th
e
M4
c
o
r
e'
s
ar
ea
b
u
t
with
a
m
ar
g
in
ally
h
ig
h
e
r
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
at
all
p
o
wer
le
v
els.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
s
in
th
e
H
0
an
d
M4
m
ater
ia
ls
m
ay
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
eir
in
h
er
e
n
t
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
wh
ich
m
ay
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
f
lu
x
h
an
d
lin
g
.
T
h
e
H0
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
also
ex
h
ib
its
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
co
r
e
h
eig
h
t
with
r
is
in
g
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
.
At
6
0
0
k
V
A,
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
co
r
e
is
1
.
0
0
S.
T
h
is
h
eig
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
tead
ily
to
1
.
2
6
5
S
at
3
0
0
0
k
V
A
at
6
k
V
.
At
h
ig
h
e
r
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
o
n
th
e
h
ig
h
-
v
o
l
tag
e
s
id
e,
th
e
co
r
e
h
eig
h
t
also
in
cr
ea
s
es.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
at
3
3
k
V
,
th
e
co
r
e
h
eig
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
es f
r
o
m
1
.
0
4
S a
t 6
0
0
k
V
A
to
1
.
3
6
S a
t 3
0
0
0
k
V
A.
Fig
u
r
e
1
9
p
r
esen
ts
an
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
es
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
f
o
r
M4
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
s
m
aller
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
e
is
r
ated
f
o
r
4
0
0
k
V
A,
wh
ile
th
e
lar
g
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
e
is
r
ated
f
o
r
1
2
0
0
k
V
A.
B
o
th
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
a
3
3
/0
.
4
k
V
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
e
d
d
y
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es,
b
o
th
co
r
es
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
lam
in
ated
s
teel,
with
th
eir
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
s
.
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