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I
SS
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2252
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Vij
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ra
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a
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Dha
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ek
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r
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h K
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s E
n
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i
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C
EG
C
a
mp
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A
n
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n
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h
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n
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a
Art
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nfo
AB
S
T
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ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
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J
u
l 2
4
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Ap
r
1
0
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
9
,
2
0
2
6
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
a
d
e
si
g
n
o
f
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
n
d
a
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rte
r
(M
LI)
with
fe
w
q
u
a
n
ti
ti
e
s
o
f
sw
i
tch
is
p
re
se
n
ted
.
Th
e
str
u
c
tu
re
c
a
n
b
e
a
b
l
e
to
o
p
e
ra
te
with
b
o
th
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
a
n
d
a
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
so
u
rc
e
s.
Th
e
p
re
se
n
ted
m
o
d
e
l
is
c
a
p
a
b
le
o
f
p
ro
d
u
c
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t
lev
e
ls
o
f
1
5
wi
th
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
stru
c
tu
r
e
a
n
d
3
3
wit
h
a
sy
m
m
e
tri
c
str
u
c
tu
r
e
.
Th
e
ten
d
e
re
d
c
ircu
i
t
is
c
o
n
str
u
c
ted
wit
h
1
4
sw
it
c
h
e
s
a
n
d
7
s
o
u
rc
e
s.
T
h
e
p
re
se
n
ted
M
LI
c
a
n
b
e
p
lac
e
d
in
m
o
d
e
ra
te
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
su
c
h
a
s:
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
ri
v
e
s.
Th
e
c
ircu
it
'
s
swi
tch
in
g
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
a
re
fra
m
e
d
b
y
a
d
e
tailed
d
isc
u
ss
io
n
fro
m
it
s
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
In
M
ATLAB
/
S
imu
li
n
k
,
t
h
e
in
v
e
rter
is
sim
u
late
d
f
o
r
re
sistiv
e
,
re
sistiv
e
-
in
d
u
c
ti
v
e
,
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
lo
a
d
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
re
su
lt
s
a
re
p
o
rtray
e
d
.
Also
,
th
e
wo
rk
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
e
rter
is
m
o
n
it
o
re
d
i
n
term
s
o
f
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
p
re
se
n
c
e
in
t
h
e
lo
a
d
si
g
n
a
ls.
Ad
d
it
io
n
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
p
re
se
n
ted
M
LI
is
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
i
n
re
a
l
ti
m
e
t
o
e
v
a
lu
a
te
it
s
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
s.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
o
b
tain
e
d
fro
m
th
e
re
a
l
ti
m
e
in
v
e
rter
a
re
fo
u
n
d
sa
ti
sfa
c
to
ry
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Asy
m
m
etr
ic
I
n
v
er
ter
Mo
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es
Sy
m
m
etr
ic
Var
iab
le
lo
ad
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Vijay
ar
aja
L
o
g
an
ath
a
n
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Sri
S
air
am
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
C
o
lleg
e
W
est T
am
b
ar
am
,
C
h
en
n
ai,
T
a
m
il Na
d
u
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: v
ijay
ar
aja.
ee
e@
s
air
am
it.e
d
u
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Pre
s
en
t
d
ay
s
,
a
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
n
ee
d
s
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
.
B
esid
es,
f
ew
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
n
ee
d
m
e
d
iu
m
o
r
lo
w
p
o
wer
t
o
o
p
er
ate.
C
er
tain
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
lo
ad
s
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
a
lo
t
o
f
p
o
wer
m
ay
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
u
s
in
g
a
h
i
g
h
-
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
l
o
ad
s
m
ay
s
u
f
f
er
as
a
r
esu
lt.
Sin
ce
its
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
1
9
7
5
,
t
h
e
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
(
MLI
)
h
as
s
er
v
ed
as
a
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
an
d
m
ed
i
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
o
p
tio
n
.
I
n
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
an
d
m
ed
i
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
th
e
ML
I
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
as a
s
u
b
s
titu
te
[
1
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
en
h
an
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
,
t
h
e
ML
I
ar
e
p
o
p
u
lar
in
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
,
an
d
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
-
ch
allen
g
e
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
.
Als
o
,
th
e
ML
I
s
h
a
v
e
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ize
d
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
er
o
p
er
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
c
ap
ab
ilit
y
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
f
au
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
o
p
e
r
atio
n
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
Ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
u
lti
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
is
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
in
v
o
g
u
e
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es win
d
en
er
g
y
,
e
lectr
ic
v
eh
icle
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
a
n
d
s
o
lar
s
y
s
tem
s
.
A
v
ar
iety
o
f
cir
cu
it c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wh
ich
m
ak
es
ML
I
th
at
in
cl
u
d
es
s
witch
es,
d
io
d
es,
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
M
L
I
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
f
ew
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
v
er
two
-
le
v
el
in
v
er
ter
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
q
u
ality
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
,
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t.
Als
o
p
r
o
v
id
es
lo
w
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD
)
,
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
,
d
v
/d
t,
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
with
im
p
r
o
v
ed
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
ML
I
ca
n
also
o
p
er
ate
at
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
o
wer
lev
els [
4
]
.
An
in
v
er
ter
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
g
en
e
r
ate
twen
ty
o
n
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
with
less
s
w
itch
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
n
im
p
e
d
an
ce
lo
a
d
[
5
]
.
Pre
v
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
6
]
d
esig
n
ed
a
7
-
lev
el
in
v
er
te
r
with
a
d
u
al
s
tr
ateg
y
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
lev
el
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
[
7
]
d
esig
n
ed
a
1
-
k
W
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
-
b
ased
ML
I
with
b
i
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
es
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
1
5
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
at
th
e
lo
ad
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1
0
5
1
-
1
0
6
3
1052
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
[
8
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
ew
ty
p
e
o
f
in
v
er
ter
,
ca
lled
t
h
e
"WE"
in
v
er
ter
,
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
wo
r
k
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at,
o
p
er
atin
g
t
h
e
in
v
e
r
ter
with
lo
wer
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
g
iv
es
p
o
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
it is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
to
o
p
er
ate
th
e
in
v
er
ter
with
l
ar
g
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
v
alu
e.
Her
e,
a
f
lip
ML
I
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
wit
h
lad
d
er
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
1
1
lev
els
at
th
e
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
is
d
esig
n
ed
in
s
u
ch
a
way
;
it
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
u
n
if
o
r
m
m
an
n
e
r
to
g
et
b
alan
ce
in
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
9
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
1
0
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
ew
d
esig
n
f
o
r
a
3
-
p
h
ase,
7
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
m
ad
e
with
s
witch
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
es
en
ted
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
u
e
t
o
R
SC
,
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
t,
an
d
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
.
T
wo
d
if
f
er
en
t
ML
I
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ca
s
ca
d
ed
an
d
f
ly
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
co
m
b
in
ed
in
s
u
c
h
way
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
9
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
at
th
e
lo
ad
ter
m
in
al
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
[
1
1
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
1
2
]
d
es
ig
n
ed
a
n
in
e
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
er
atio
n
with
th
at
o
f
p
o
we
r
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
A
u
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
an
aly
ze
d
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
lo
ad
s
o
n
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
,
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
is
m
ad
e
o
n
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
wid
e
b
an
d
g
ap
d
ev
ices
o
n
ML
I
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
i
n
[
1
4
]
ev
al
u
ated
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
n
o
v
el
1
5
-
lev
el
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
(
ML
I
)
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
u
tili
ze
s
o
n
ly
two
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
lo
we
r
s
tan
d
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
R
iv
er
a
an
d
B
ab
ae
i
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
p
lace
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
lev
el
s
h
if
ter
s
to
m
i
n
im
ize
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
(
9
s
witch
es
an
d
3
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
)
wh
ile
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
.
A
1
3
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
in
v
er
ter
[
1
6
]
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
d
io
d
es,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
s
witch
es
an
d
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
s
with
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
3
,
1
,
1
2
an
d
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
W
ith
th
e
s
am
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
is
ab
le
to
g
iv
e
1
7
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
wh
en
th
e
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
o
p
e
r
ated
in
as
y
m
m
etr
ic
m
an
n
er
.
Fro
m
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
s
tu
d
y
,
it
is
d
ep
icted
th
at
d
esig
n
in
g
a
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
with
f
ewe
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
d
y
n
am
ic
l
o
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
is
ch
allen
g
e
o
n
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
in
[
1
7
]
a
ML
I
wh
ich
g
en
e
r
ates
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
a
d
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
s
in
g
1
4
p
o
w
er
s
witch
es
7
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
.
T
wo
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
cir
cu
it
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
k
n
o
wn
as
cir
c
u
it
-
1
an
d
cir
cu
i
t
-
2
,
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
8
]
an
d
i
t
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
n
i
n
e
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
els
at
th
e
lo
a
d
.
T
h
e
1
1
-
le
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
r
ea
ch
ed
a
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
4
5
V
with
a
T
HD
o
f
1
1
.
1
4
%.
Usi
n
g
asy
m
m
etr
ic
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
with
o
u
t
H
-
b
r
id
g
es,
an
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
in
[
1
9
]
ac
h
ie
v
es
a
2
5
-
lev
el
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
u
s
in
g
ju
s
t
elev
en
s
witch
es
in
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
.
A
n
ew
s
witch
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
o
d
u
le
[
2
0
]
is
p
r
esen
ted
th
at
elim
in
ates
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
b
lo
ck
in
g
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
witch
es
b
y
g
en
er
atin
g
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
in
v
er
ter
lev
els
with
o
u
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
es
.
R
ed
u
cin
g
s
ize
an
d
co
m
p
lex
ity
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
5
]
,
th
e
in
v
er
ter
'
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
is
f
u
r
th
er
o
p
tim
i
ze
d
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
o
v
el
p
u
l
s
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
,
it is
s
ee
n
th
at
d
es
ig
n
in
g
an
in
v
er
ter
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
f
ix
e
d
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
v
ar
iab
le
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ML
I
s
g
r
ea
tly
in
v
o
lv
e
a
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
witch
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
lead
in
g
t
o
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
n
ew
d
esig
n
s
with
f
ewe
r
s
witch
es.
Ma
jo
r
ity
r
esear
ch
o
n
ML
I
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
r
ed
u
cin
g
T
HD,
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
So
m
e
d
esig
n
s
u
s
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
s
o
u
r
c
es
with
o
u
t
H
-
b
r
id
g
es,
lev
er
ag
i
n
g
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
f
ewe
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
in
t
h
is
ar
ticle
,
a
n
o
v
el
DC
v
o
lta
g
e
clam
p
in
g
u
n
it
is
p
r
esen
ted
,
wh
ich
is
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
3
-
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
u
s
in
g
eq
u
al
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
a
n
d
it
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
g
en
er
atin
g
a
h
i
g
h
er
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
u
n
eq
u
al
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
e
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
in
th
is
ar
ticle
:
-
A
n
o
v
el
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
d
esig
n
ed
with
a
r
e
d
u
ce
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
witch
es
(
9
)
an
d
DC
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
3
)
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
an
d
asy
m
m
etr
ic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
-
Op
tim
ized
d
esig
n
en
ab
les
ef
f
icien
t
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
atin
g
h
ig
h
-
le
v
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
with
f
ewe
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
-
Utilizatio
n
o
f
an
ed
g
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
tr
i
g
g
er
i
n
g
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
r
el
iab
le
s
witch
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
-
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
-
b
ased
s
i
m
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ML
I
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t l
o
ad
s
:
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
s
,
R
L
lo
ad
s
,
an
d
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
lo
ad
s
.
-
Har
d
war
e
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
u
s
in
g
FP
GA
SP
AR
T
AN
6
co
n
t
r
o
ller
v
alid
ates
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
.
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
O
F
M
L
I
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
an
ML
I
d
esig
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
wh
ich
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
es
1
4
u
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
es
an
d
7
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
(
eq
u
al
v
o
ltag
e)
a
n
d
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
(
u
n
e
q
u
al
v
o
ltag
e)
s
etu
p
s
.
I
t
em
p
lo
y
s
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
tr
ig
g
er
in
g
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
o
u
tp
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
with
1
5
an
d
3
3
lev
els.
E
ac
h
s
witch
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it,
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l p
u
ls
es
ar
e
g
e
n
er
ate
d
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
a
s
in
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
with
lo
g
ic
-
b
ased
cir
cu
its
.
I
n
th
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
r
a
n
g
es
f
r
o
m
0
V
to
±
7
0
V,
wh
ile
th
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
s
etu
p
with
E
4
t
o
E
6
s
et
at
4
VDC
-
ex
ten
d
s
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
to
±
6
4
V.
T
h
e
in
v
e
r
ter
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
f
in
ely
s
tep
p
ed
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
witch
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
d
esig
n
wo
r
k
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
h
er
e.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ML
I
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
tio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
1
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f 1
5
/3
3
leve
l c
o
n
s
ta
n
t a
n
d
va
r
ia
b
le
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
in
ve
r
ter fo
r
…
(
V
ija
ya
r
a
ja
Lo
g
a
n
a
th
a
n
)
1053
s
witch
es
(
S1
-
S1
2
’
)
an
d
7
v
o
l
tag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
E
1
,
E
2
,
E
3
,
E
4
,
E
5
,
E
6
,
E
7
)
.
Her
e,
all
t
h
e
1
4
s
witch
es
ar
e
u
n
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
in
n
atu
r
e;
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
d
esig
n
cir
c
u
it
in
clu
d
es
an
id
en
tical
d
r
iv
er
cir
c
u
it
f
o
r
its
s
witch
e
s
.
A
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
PW
M
m
eth
o
d
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
was
u
tili
ze
d
to
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
ML
I
cir
cu
it
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
b
o
th
eq
u
al
an
d
u
n
eq
u
al
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
an
d
asy
m
m
etr
ic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
es
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
witch
es
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
a
s
in
e
wav
e
s
ig
n
al
as
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
,
alo
n
g
with
a
co
m
p
a
r
ato
r
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
wav
e
with
a
g
ain
,
an
d
a
r
elatio
n
al
an
d
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
it.
T
h
ese
f
o
u
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
a
s
illu
s
tr
ated
a
s
in
e
wav
e
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
wav
e'
s
am
p
litu
d
e
is
s
et
at
1
1
V
,
an
d
it
is
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
ze
r
o
l
ev
els
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
ML
I
.
T
h
is
r
ef
er
en
ce
wav
e
is
f
ed
in
to
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
,
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
ar
at
o
r
'
s
o
u
tp
u
t
is
th
en
s
en
t
to
th
e
r
elatio
n
al
an
d
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
it
b
lo
ck
s
.
Her
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
al
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
lev
els
th
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
elec
ted
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
le
v
el,
a
p
air
o
f
r
elatio
n
al
o
p
er
ato
r
s
a
n
d
an
AND
g
ate
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
p
u
ls
es
f
o
r
th
e
s
witch
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
1
5
/3
3
lev
el
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
/asy
m
m
etr
ic
MLI
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Gen
e
r
atio
n
o
f
s
witch
in
g
p
u
ls
e
(
c
o
n
tr
o
l c
ir
c
u
it)
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
m
a
n
n
e
r
o
f
1
5
l
e
v
e
l
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
)
a
n
d
3
3
l
e
v
e
l
as
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
M
L
I
i
s
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d
h
e
r
e:
-
Mo
d
e
1
–
Du
r
in
g
th
is
,
S1
,
S3
,
S6
,
S8
,
S1
1
,
an
d
S1
2
ar
e
t
u
r
n
ed
‘
o
n
’
an
d
th
is
p
ath
f
lo
w
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
an
y
v
o
lta
g
es si
n
ce
th
is
m
o
d
e
g
iv
es th
e
ze
r
o
lev
el
wh
ic
h
cr
ea
t
es 0
V
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lo
ad
.
-
Mo
d
e
2
–
Du
r
in
g
th
is
,
‘
S1
,
S
4
,
S6
,
S8
,
S1
1
,
an
d
S1
2
’
a
r
e
tu
r
n
ed
‘
o
n
’
an
d
t
h
e
p
ath
f
lo
w
i
n
clu
d
es
s
o
u
r
ce
s
E7
,
wh
ich
c
r
ea
te
1
0
V
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lo
ad
.
-
Mo
d
e
8
–
Du
r
in
g
th
is
,
S5
,
S2
,
S4
,
S7
,
S9
,
S1
0
,
S1
1
,
a
n
d
S
1
2
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
‘
o
n
’
an
d
t
h
e
p
at
h
f
lo
w
in
clu
d
es
s
o
u
r
ce
s
E
7
+
E
3
+
E
2
+
E
1
+
E
5
+
E
4
+
E
6
,
wh
ich
c
r
ea
te
7
0
V
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lo
ad
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
with
s
am
e
s
witch
in
g
co
n
ce
p
t
i
n
th
e
b
asic
u
n
it
with
tu
r
n
o
n
s
tate
S1
2
an
d
S1
1
’
.
A
l
s
o
,
as
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
v
o
l
ta
g
e
s
t
e
p
s
a
r
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
b
y
f
i
x
i
n
g
t
h
e
D
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
as
E
1
=
E2
=
E3
=
E7
=
VDC
,
E4
=
E5
=
E6
=
4
VDC.
T
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
s
witch
in
g
o
f
asy
m
m
etr
ic
in
v
er
ter
,
h
er
e
th
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
m
an
n
er
o
f
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
:
-
Mo
d
e
3
2
–
Du
r
in
g
th
is
,
‘
ON’
s
tate
s
witch
es
ar
e
S2
,
S4
,
S7
,
S9
,
S1
0
,
S1
1
,
S1
2
,
an
d
th
e
p
at
h
f
lo
w
in
clu
d
es
s
o
u
r
ce
s
E
7
+
E
6
+
E
2
+
E
1
+
E
5
+
E
4
,
wh
ic
h
cr
ea
te
-
6
0
V
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lo
ad
an
d
-
Mo
d
e
3
3
–
Du
r
in
g
th
is
,
S2
,
S
4
,
S5
,
S7
,
S9
,
S1
0
,
S1
2
,
a
n
d
S1
1
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
‘
o
n
’
a
n
d
th
e
p
ath
f
lo
w
in
clu
d
es
s
o
u
r
ce
s
E
7
+
E
3
+
E
6
+
E
2
+
E
1
+
E
5
+
E
4
,
wh
ich
c
r
ea
te
-
6
4
V
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lo
ad
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1
0
5
1
-
1
0
6
3
1054
I
n
th
e
d
esig
n
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
am
p
litu
d
es
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
E
1
=
..
=
E7
=
VDC,
n
≥
1
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est v
alu
e
o
f
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
lev
el
co
u
n
t is g
iv
en
as (
1
)
-
(
4
)
.
0
=
(
3
+
1
)
(
1
)
=
(
6
+
3
)
(
2
)
ℎ
=
(
5
+
4
)
(
3
)
=
(
5
+
4
)
(
4
)
F
o
r
t
h
e
a
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
t
h
e
D
C
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
r
e
u
n
e
q
u
a
l
a
s
E
1
=
E2
=
E3
=
E7
=
V
D
C
,
E
4
=
E5
=
E6
=
4
VDC
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est v
al
u
e
o
f
l
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
le
v
el
co
u
n
t is g
iv
en
as
(
5
)
-
(
8
)
.
0
=
(
12
−
8
)
(
5
)
=
(
24
−
15
)
(
6
)
ℎ
=
(
5
+
4
)
(
7
)
=
(
5
+
4
)
(
8
)
3.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
O
F
R
E
SU
L
T
S F
RO
M
SI
M
U
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
T
UDY
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
,
an
d
it
is
c
ap
ab
le
o
f
g
en
er
atin
g
1
5
o
u
tp
u
t
lev
els
wh
en
th
e
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
v
alu
es
ar
e
s
elec
ted
as
E
1
=
.
.
=
E7
=
1
0
V,
an
d
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
in
v
er
ter
is
tied
with
a
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
o
f
2
5
Ω
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
as
5
0
Hz.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
av
ef
o
r
m
f
o
r
R
lo
ad
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es 3
(
a)
an
d
3
(
b
)
,
an
d
it
is
s
ee
n
th
at
1
5
le
v
els
ar
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
o
b
tain
ed
is
7
0
V,
with
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
is
2
.
8
A
,
an
d
th
e
T
HD
o
b
tain
ed
is
6
.
6
0
%.
T
h
e
FF
T
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
th
e
R
lo
ad
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wh
ich
g
iv
e
s
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics p
r
esen
t in
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
FFT
-
15
-
lev
el
ML
I
-
R
lo
ad
:
(
a)
l
o
ad
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
(
b
)
l
o
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
FFT
-
15
-
lev
el
ML
I
-
R
lo
ad
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Dev
elo
p
men
t o
f 1
5
/3
3
leve
l c
o
n
s
ta
n
t a
n
d
va
r
ia
b
le
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
in
ve
r
ter fo
r
…
(
V
ija
ya
r
a
ja
Lo
g
a
n
a
th
a
n
)
1055
Similar
ly
,
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
wo
r
k
f
o
r
3
3
lev
el
in
v
er
te
r
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
ty
in
g
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
with
an
im
p
ed
an
ce
lo
a
d
o
f
R
=
2
5
Ω
,
L
=
8
0
m
H.
Fo
r
th
is
in
v
er
ter
,
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
as
E1
=
E2
=
E3
=
E7
=
4
V,
E
4
=
E5
=
E6
=
16
V.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
f
o
r
R
L
lo
ad
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es
5
(
a)
an
d
5
(
b
)
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
we
h
a
v
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
3
3
lev
els
,
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
o
b
tain
ed
i
s
6
4
V,
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
is
2
.
0
A
an
d
th
e
T
HD
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
o
b
tain
ed
is
3
.
3
9
%
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
FF
T
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
th
e
R
L
lo
a
d
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
wh
ich
g
iv
es th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics in
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
3
3
-
le
v
el
in
v
e
r
ter
is
tied
with
an
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
lo
ad
,
an
d
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
s
p
ec
if
ic
atio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
to
r
a
r
e
g
iv
e
n
in
T
a
b
le
1
,
wh
er
e
t
h
e
en
tire
m
ain
win
d
in
g
an
d
au
x
iliar
y
win
d
i
n
g
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
(
I
M)
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
is
a
4
p
o
l
e
m
ac
h
in
e
with
p
o
wer
r
atin
g
o
f
0
.
5
HP
,
an
d
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
ar
e
s
elec
ted
as
E
1
=
E2
=
E3
=
E7
=
20
V,
E
4
=
E5
=
E6
=
80
V.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
3
3
-
lev
el
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
+
3
2
0
V
at
th
e
lo
ad
ter
m
in
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3
1056
(
a)
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Fig
u
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.
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h
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m
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a)
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b
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
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[
1
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1
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ased
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m
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,
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b
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c
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d
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on
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h
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ter
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ize
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T
h
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p
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in
Fig
u
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9
(
d
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ev
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at
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e
p
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p
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s
ed
cir
c
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it
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h
iev
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o
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tim
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m
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ased
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ML
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
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n
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,
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1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1
0
5
1
-
1
0
6
3
1058
d
esig
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was
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alu
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a
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[
1
4
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1
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in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
,
as
o
u
tlin
ed
i
n
T
ab
le
2
an
d
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
es
9
(
a)
-
9(
d
)
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t u
s
ag
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
T
a
b
le
2
co
m
p
ar
es v
ar
io
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s
ML
I
d
esig
n
s
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ased
o
n
T
HD,
ef
f
icien
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,
T
SV,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ass
iv
e
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m
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o
n
en
ts
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e
d
,
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ch
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ap
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n
d
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i
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o
n
g
th
e
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ted
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e
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HD
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o
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s
er
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ed
in
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y
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8
8
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w
h
er
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s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
(
Pr
)
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
a
T
HD
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f
3
.
3
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%.
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we
v
er
,
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e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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v
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ter
e
x
ce
ls
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h
iev
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g
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h
e
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ig
h
est
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alu
e
o
f
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6
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ich
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s
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p
er
io
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t
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o
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er
d
esig
n
s
[
1
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n
d
[
1
6
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6
.
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I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
T
SV,
th
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
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er
ates
at
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lo
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lu
e
o
f
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9
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c,
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ci
n
g
th
e
v
o
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s
tr
ess
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
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n
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ts
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lik
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th
e
w
o
r
k
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in
[
1
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d
[
1
6
]
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
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ass
iv
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e
n
ts
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D
an
d
3
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&
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D,
r
esp
ec
tiv
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th
e
p
r
o
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o
s
ed
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esig
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id
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th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ex
tr
a
ca
p
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d
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io
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e
s
u
ltin
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im
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ler
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d
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ac
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
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h
is
m
ak
es
it
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
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an
d
ef
f
icien
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
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o
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n
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ter
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licatio
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w
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o
f
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ig
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ef
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o
f
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2
5
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th
e
p
r
o
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o
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ed
ML
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p
r
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ts
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
h
ig
h
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p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
alter
n
ativ
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to
ex
i
s
tin
g
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
4.
DIS
CU
SS
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O
N
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SU
L
T
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ated
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n
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o
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it
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6
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ein
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s
ed
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h
e
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n
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o
ller
is
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s
in
g
VHDL
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ased
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ith
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eth
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d
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h
e
in
p
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t
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ls
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ar
e
tak
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e
d
r
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it
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all
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h
e
h
ar
d
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im
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lem
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ta
tio
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le
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el
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m
etr
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t
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th
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ly
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r
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d
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am
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m
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ed
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n
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u
s
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g
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e
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n
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GB
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d
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3
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m
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4
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ric
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ct
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t
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l
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ter
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t
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lev
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a
n
d
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r
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n
t
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r
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r
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1
2
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r
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o
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