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o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
l
e
ct
i
v
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
ec
t
r
i
c
d
r
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
g
o
a
l
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
’
s
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
l
it
y
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
p
u
t
s
i
d
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
f
l
i
c
k
e
r
,
s
w
e
l
l
,
a
n
d
s
a
g
i
n
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
w
h
i
l
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
A
F
E
C
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
d
u
al
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
a
teg
ies
with
(
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
PW
M
)
SVPW
M
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
lin
e
cu
r
r
en
t
q
u
ality
at
th
e
AC
in
p
u
t
s
u
p
p
ly
with
u
n
ity
PF
an
d
co
n
s
tan
t
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
I
M
d
r
iv
es.
I
n
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
en
d
d
ec
o
u
p
led
co
n
tr
o
l,
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
wo
r
k
s
b
etter
th
an
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
d
y
n
am
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
SVPW
M
s
ch
em
e
g
en
er
at
es
th
e
tr
ig
g
e
r
p
u
ls
es
f
o
r
I
GB
T
s
witch
es
in
th
e
AC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
to
h
av
e
to
tal
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD
)
,
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
DC
b
u
s
p
o
te
n
tial.
T
h
e
SVPW
M
s
witch
in
g
s
ch
em
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
with
r
eg
ar
d
t
o
th
e
5
-
ϕ
VSI
-
f
e
d
d
r
iv
e.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l u
s
es th
e
en
tire
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
DC
b
u
s
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t r
esp
o
n
s
es a
r
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
h
av
in
g
a
m
ar
g
in
ally
lo
we
r
o
r
d
er
T
HD.
2.
VO
L
T
AG
E
SAG
S O
N
V
SD
S
Un
wan
ted
tr
ip
p
in
g
o
f
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
b
o
th
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
p
h
ase
an
g
le
s
h
if
t.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
s
in
th
e
AC
in
p
u
t
s
u
p
p
ly
p
o
in
t
is
d
u
e
t
o
v
ar
io
u
s
f
au
lts
in
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
Vo
ltag
e
s
ag
class
if
icatio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
I
E
E
E
1
1
5
9
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
is
g
iv
en
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
VSD
co
m
p
r
is
es
a
f
r
o
n
t
e
n
d
co
n
v
er
ter
,
a
DC
b
u
s
a
n
d
a
n
in
v
er
te
r
.
Dif
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
es
o
f
s
ag
s
m
ay
ap
p
ea
r
in
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
an
d
it
will
d
is
tu
r
b
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
VSDs
[
2
1
]
.
VSD
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e,
s
o
f
twar
e
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
DC
li
n
k
m
ay
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
en
er
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
s
h
o
r
t
s
ag
s
,
b
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
lo
n
g
er
s
ag
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
d
u
ce
s
to
a
lo
wer
lev
el
an
d
it
ca
n
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
ly
t
h
e
en
e
r
g
y
.
So
,
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
will
tr
ip
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
its
m
itig
at
io
n
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
5
-
ϕ
I
M
d
r
iv
e
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Vo
ltag
e
s
ag
ca
teg
o
r
iz
atio
n
Ty
p
e
o
f
s
a
g
D
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
M
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
(
p
u
)
I
n
st
a
n
t
a
n
e
o
u
s
0
.
0
1
-
0
.
4
s
e
c
0
.
1
-
0
.
9
M
o
me
n
t
a
r
y
0
.
4
-
3
sec
0
.
1
-
0
.
9
Te
mp
o
r
a
r
y
3
-
1
mi
n
0
.
1
-
0
.
9
3.
ACTI
VE
F
RO
N
T
-
E
ND
CO
NVER
T
E
R
F
O
R
F
I
VE
-
P
H
ASE
I
M
DR
I
VE
Dec
o
u
p
led
co
n
t
r
o
l
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
,
s
im
ilar
to
DC
m
o
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l,
to
ac
h
iev
e
g
o
o
d
d
y
n
am
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
th
e
lin
e
s
id
e
o
f
an
AC
to
DC
co
n
v
e
r
ter
.
T
h
is
d
ec
o
u
p
led
c
o
n
tr
o
l
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
n
l
y
b
y
th
e
v
ec
t
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
v
ec
t
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
r
em
ai
n
s
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
3
-
ϕ
q
u
an
titi
es
in
to
2
-
ϕ
q
u
an
titi
es.
Her
e,
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
ts
i
a
,
i
b
i
c
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
i
q
an
d
i
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
R
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
is
r
eg
u
lated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
i
q
p
ar
am
eter
,
a
n
d
DC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
in
t
h
e
DC
lin
k
b
y
th
e
i
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
n
d
f
o
r
war
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
h
elp
to
o
b
tain
a
f
aster
d
y
n
am
i
c
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
ce
r
tain
p
o
wer
q
u
alit
y
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
t
o
a
d
ju
s
tab
le
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
es
wh
ic
h
n
ee
d
to
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
at
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
en
d
o
f
th
e
I
M
d
r
i
v
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
cir
c
u
it
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
b
asic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
a
3
-
ϕ
PF
C
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
a
5
-
ϕ
I
M
d
r
iv
e
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
d
u
al
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
i
n
clu
d
in
g
f
o
r
war
d
p
ath
,
f
ee
d
-
f
o
r
war
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
3
-
ϕ
q
u
a
n
titi
es a
r
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
to
2
-
ϕ
q
u
an
titi
es f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
d
ec
o
u
p
led
co
n
tr
o
l b
y
s
en
s
in
g
th
e
3
-
ϕ
c
u
r
r
en
ts
an
d
v
o
ltag
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
.
SVP
W
M
r
ec
eiv
es
th
e
α
β
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
g
ate
s
ig
n
als th
at
ar
e
f
ed
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
3
.
1
.
M
a
t
hema
t
ica
l r
epre
s
ent
a
t
io
n o
f
f
ro
nt
-
end c
o
nv
er
t
er
T
h
e
b
asic
cu
r
r
en
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
)
.
PW
M
co
n
v
er
ter
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
(
2
)
-
(
4
)
.
+
+
=
0
(
1
)
=
+
+
(
2
)
=
L
+
+
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
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8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
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3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1
13
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1
14
6
1134
=
L
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+
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4
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I
n
p
u
t lin
e
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es o
f
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ter
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iv
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as
(
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= [
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3
(
+
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(
5
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=
[
−
1
3
(
+
+
)]
(
6
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=
[
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3
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(
7
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T
h
e
3
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y
s
tem
v
o
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e
eq
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atio
n
u
n
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er
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8
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8
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[
]
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[
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+
[
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(
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I
n
ad
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itio
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f
o
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(
1
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.
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+
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1
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T
h
e
p
ar
k
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d
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ate
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a
n
s
f
o
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m
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is
u
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o
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tain
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y
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ch
r
o
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s
d
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q
co
o
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d
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ate
e
q
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atio
n
[
9
]
.
P =
2
3
[
c
os
θ
c
os
(
θ
−
2
π
3
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(
θ
+
2
π
3
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s
in
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s
in
(
θ
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(
θ
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π
3
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0
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5
0
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5
0
.
5
]
(
1
2
)
L
=
-
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1
3
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L
=
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+
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(
1
4
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C
=
3
2
(
+
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1
5
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W
h
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e
:
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s
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1
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1
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8
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1
9
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,
an
d
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ar
e
in
p
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t
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f
r
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ti
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ier
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s
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g
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s
r
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g
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in
ate,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
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,
,
ar
e
v
o
ltag
es
an
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
in
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
r
o
tatin
g
d
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q
co
o
r
d
in
ate,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
ω
is
th
e
an
g
u
lar
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
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n
g
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SS
N:
2252
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8
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2
F
u
z
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y
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g
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b
a
s
ed
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tellig
en
t c
o
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o
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ctive
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o
n
t e
n
d
co
n
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erter
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r
five
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h
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e
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(
C
.
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1135
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Activ
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
en
d
c
o
n
v
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ter
f
o
r
5
-
ϕ
I
M
d
r
iv
e
4.
CO
NT
RO
L
ST
R
AT
E
G
I
E
S
F
O
R
AF
E
C
Vo
ltag
e
an
d
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ir
tu
al
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b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
e
th
e
2
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
AFEC.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
v
o
ltag
e
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
PW
M
g
en
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
in
n
er
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
o
p
o
f
th
e
VOC
s
ch
em
e
is
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esig
n
ed
i
n
s
u
c
h
a
way
th
at
it sh
o
u
ld
g
iv
e
th
e
b
est s
tatic
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
i
n
ter
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l lo
o
p
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
r
ien
ted
d
-
q
co
o
r
d
in
ate
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
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n
,
in
th
at
t
h
e
AC
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
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en
t
i
L
is
d
iv
id
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in
to
i
L
=
[
i
Ld
,
i
Lq
]
,
two
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
i
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p
ar
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er
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ar
t d
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e
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la
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en
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h
e
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es
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n
ity
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o
wer
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itio
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u
r
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alig
n
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t
o
f
i
L
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v
L
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A
n
(
2
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an
d
(
2
1
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g
iv
es th
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic
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o
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el
o
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d
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q
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
f
r
am
e
v
o
ltag
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eq
u
atio
n
s
.
=
+L
+
−
(
2
0
)
=
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+
−
(
2
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ph
aso
r
d
iag
r
am
o
f
d
-
q
to
-
β
co
-
o
r
d
i
n
ates tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
VOC
Dec
o
u
p
led
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
th
e
AFEC
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
with
ac
cu
r
ate
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
[
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
f
lo
w
d
iag
r
am
o
f
s
u
c
h
a
d
ec
o
u
p
led
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
AFEC.
R
ea
l
p
o
wer
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
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ef
e
r
en
ce
f
r
am
e
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n
tr
o
ls
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
e
d
to
a
s
i
d
an
d
i
q
co
n
tr
o
ls
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
s
tead
in
ess
s
h
all
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
V
dc
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
as
well
as
th
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
b
y
th
e
r
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ctiv
e
p
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n
er
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r
r
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t c
o
n
tr
o
l lo
o
p
.
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2
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3
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Her
e,
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e
o
u
t
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u
t o
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cu
r
r
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t c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
is
as (
2
4
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an
d
(
2
5
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=
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4
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∗
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(2
5
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1
13
2
-
1
14
6
1136
Fro
m
(
2
4
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a
n
d
(
2
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,
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ely
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T
h
e
o
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s
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s
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ter
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o
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
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o
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p
led
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r
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e
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t c
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tr
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l f
o
r
f
r
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t
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d
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co
n
v
er
ter
4
.
1
.
F
uzzy
lo
g
ic
co
ntr
o
llers
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
FL
C
)
is
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
a
n
d
ad
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s
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n
tr
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g
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u
t
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u
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t
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
.
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e,
a
Ma
m
d
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ty
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e
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u
zz
y
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ased
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n
tr
o
l
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u
s
ed
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th
e
o
u
ter
co
n
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o
l
lo
o
p
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
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e
s
tead
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ess
,
an
d
an
in
n
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co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
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o
r
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to
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im
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o
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e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
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p
o
wer
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n
tr
o
l.
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n
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
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ar
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les
o
f
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
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o
ller
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s
e
a
5
×
5
tr
ian
g
u
lar
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
cti
o
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
well
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d
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in
ed
r
u
l
e
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ase
is
p
r
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in
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ab
le
2
.
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h
e
m
em
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er
s
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ip
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alu
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e
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e
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e
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t c
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ase
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n
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a
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l
e
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Er
r
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r
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r
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e’
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d
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d
e
’
ar
e
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e
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ts
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th
e
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n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
r
ee
FLC
ar
e
u
s
ed
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o
r
th
e
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ec
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u
p
led
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n
tr
o
l,
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e
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th
e
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o
ltag
e
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n
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o
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o
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o
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ter
DC
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th
e
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o
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o
r
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e
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wer
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n
tr
o
l
th
r
o
u
g
h
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ich
th
e
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d
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u
r
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
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r
r
e
n
t
in
in
p
u
t
c
an
b
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
with
th
e
tr
ian
g
u
lar
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
n
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u
s
ed
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ter
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l
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e
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o
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a
n
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n
er
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u
r
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en
t
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o
n
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o
l
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s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
4
an
d
5
,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
f
o
r
‘
e’
is
-
3
to
1
an
d
f
o
r
'
d
e'
is
-
0
.
3
to
0
.
1
5
,
wh
er
ea
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
u
tp
u
t,
it is
-
3
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3
0
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
ter
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l lo
o
p
.
T
h
e
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
'
e'
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s
-
0
.
6
to
3
.
5
an
d
f
o
r
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d
e'
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0
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2
to
0
.
2
,
wh
er
ea
s
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t,
it is
1
9
5
to
2
0
0
f
o
r
th
e
in
n
er
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
T
h
e
r
u
les
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
,
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
m
atr
ix
.
T
h
e
r
u
le
b
ase
o
f
FLC
s
y
s
tem
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
: I
f
‘
e(
t)
’
is
‘
PL’
a
n
d
‘
d
e(
t)
’
is
‘
Z
’
th
en
‘
c
’
is
‘
PS
’
.
e
=
V
dc
−
V
d
cr
ef
(2
6
)
de
=
e
k
−
e
k
−
1
(2
7
)
(
)
=
(
(
)
,
(
)
)
(
28
)
W
h
er
e
f
is
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
f
u
n
cti
o
n
th
at
r
elate
s
th
e
er
r
o
r
an
d
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
er
r
o
r
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
m
ax
-
m
in
in
f
e
r
en
ce
m
eth
o
d
is
u
tili
ze
d
(
29
)
to
m
ap
t
h
e
f
u
zz
if
i
ed
v
alu
es to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t f
u
zz
y
v
ar
iab
les c(
t)
o
u
t o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t in
f
er
en
ce
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
(
)
=
=
1
.
.
[
min
(
∝
,
(
)
)
]
(
29
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
b
a
s
ed
in
tellig
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l o
f a
ctive
fr
o
n
t e
n
d
co
n
v
erter
fo
r
five
p
h
a
s
e
…
(
C
.
K
a
l
a
iva
n
i
)
1137
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Gen
e
r
al
FLC
r
u
le
b
a
s
e
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
FLC m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
p
ee
d
er
r
o
r
(
e
)
an
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tate
s
p
ee
d
er
r
o
r
(
d
e)
5.
P
WM
T
E
CH
N
I
Q
UE
S
T
h
e
SVPW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
On
e
s
witch
in
g
cy
cle
is
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
8
s
tates
(V
0
to
V
7
)
o
u
t
o
f
wh
ich
6
ar
e
ac
tiv
e
(
V
1
u
p
to
V
6
)
an
d
2
ar
e
ze
r
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
V
0
an
d
V
7
)
.
T
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
ec
to
r
V
r
is
ca
lcu
lated
,
an
d
it
r
o
tates
o
v
er
3
6
0
d
eg
r
ee
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ec
to
r
s
.
V
r
tr
av
el
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an
g
le
ϴ
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
Her
e,
th
e
SVPW
M
is
u
s
ed
an
d
th
e
r
esp
o
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s
ib
ilit
ies ar
e
as f
o
llo
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˗
T
o
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s
tain
a
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tan
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d
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late
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1141
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th
at
th
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.