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tr
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2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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4
I
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Dr
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,
Vo
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1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
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b
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20
2
6
:
1885
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1886
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DC
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DC
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[
6
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ter
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k
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ily
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s
im
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latio
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o
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em
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[
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[
5
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[
1
0
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.
T
wo
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s
tag
e
ar
ch
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r
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tain
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at
co
m
p
licate
s
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tem
atic
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d
o
p
tim
izatio
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[
6
]
,
[
8
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,
[
9
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R
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ig
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d
e‑
v
o
ltag
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ese
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
p
r
esen
t
th
eir
o
wn
d
esig
n
‑
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
ch
alle
n
g
es:
cir
cu
latin
g
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
d
ev
ice‑
s
tr
ess
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ac
cu
r
ately
p
r
ed
icted
with
o
u
t
d
etailed
m
u
lti‑v
ar
iab
le
m
o
d
elin
g
,
a
n
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
is
o
f
ten
tr
e
ated
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
f
r
o
m
r
eso
n
a
n
t‑
tan
k
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
r
s
m
all‑
s
ig
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tab
ilit
y
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
d
esig
n
d
o
m
ai
n
s
tan
k
,
m
ag
n
etics,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
lim
its
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
g
en
er
ate
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t,
en
d
‑
to
‑
en
d
d
esig
n
r
u
les
f
o
r
E
V
APMs.
L
L
C
‑
f
am
ily
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
h
av
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
g
ain
ed
p
r
o
m
in
en
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
th
eir
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
‑
g
ain
r
elatio
n
s
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
Z
VS/ZCS
o
p
er
a
tio
n
,
an
d
c
o
m
p
ac
t
m
ag
n
etic
d
esig
n
[
6
]
,
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
6
]
.
Yet,
d
esp
ite
th
eir
ad
v
a
n
tag
es,
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
p
r
i
m
ar
ily
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
L
L
C
d
esig
n
p
r
o
b
lem
in
f
r
ag
m
en
ts
:
r
eso
n
an
t‑
tan
k
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
g
ain
s
h
ap
in
g
in
is
o
latio
n
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
tr
ea
ted
as
a
s
ep
ar
ate
m
ag
n
etics
task
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
6
]
co
n
tr
o
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
PI
o
r
L
ADRC
)
ex
am
in
ed
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tly
f
r
o
m
tan
k
‑
p
ar
am
eter
s
el
ec
tio
n
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
;
E
V‑
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
(
wid
e
in
p
u
t,
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
,
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
)
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
q
u
alitativ
ely
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
ed
o
n
ly
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
C
o
m
p
lem
e
n
tar
y
e
f
f
o
r
ts
s
u
ch
as
SIM
O
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
,
cu
r
r
en
t
‑
d
o
u
b
ler
r
ec
tifi
er
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
r
ec
tific
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies f
o
r
AHB co
n
v
er
ter
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
‑
lev
el
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
b
u
t d
o
n
o
t r
eso
lv
e
th
e
co
r
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
g
ap
:
h
o
w
to
d
er
iv
e
r
eso
n
an
t‑
ta
n
k
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
an
d
s
m
all‑
s
ig
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
ain
s
in
o
n
e
c
o
h
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
g
u
ar
a
n
tees
s
tab
ilit
y
,
s
o
f
t
s
witch
in
g
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
E
V
APMs
[
6
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
Ap
p
lic
atio
n
n
o
tes
an
d
is
o
lated
m
o
d
el
in
g
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
l
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
b
u
t
s
to
p
s
h
o
r
t
o
f
a
f
u
ll
an
aly
tical
d
esig
n
‑
to
‑
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
p
ip
elin
e
[
5
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
[
2
8
]
-
[
3
1
]
.
T
ab
le
1
in
d
icate
s
th
at
ex
is
tin
g
E
V
APM
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
v
ar
i
o
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
d
esig
n
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
a
n
aly
tical
m
o
d
elin
g
,
co
n
tr
o
l
d
esig
n
,
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
al
u
atio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
ese
asp
ec
ts
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
t
r
ea
ted
s
ep
ar
ately
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
a
m
o
r
e
in
teg
r
ated
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
ay
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
V
APM
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
at
g
a
p
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
i
n
g
a
u
n
if
i
e
d
a
n
al
y
t
i
ca
l
d
esi
g
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
a
h
al
f
‑
b
r
i
d
g
e
L
L
C
r
es
o
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
t
ail
o
r
e
d
t
o
E
V
APM
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
wo
r
k
f
l
o
w
i
n
cl
u
d
es
(
i
)
A
s
p
e
ci
f
ic
ati
o
n
‑
d
r
i
v
e
n
r
es
o
n
a
n
t
‑
t
an
k
s
ele
cti
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
t
h
at
u
s
es
n
o
r
m
ali
ze
d
g
a
in
–
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
m
a
p
s
t
o
d
e
te
r
m
in
e
an
d
w
h
il
e
s
t
ay
in
g
wit
h
i
n
s
o
f
t‑
s
wi
tc
h
i
n
g
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
;
(
ii
)
A
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
i
zi
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
c
o
r
e
g
e
o
m
et
r
y
,
f
l
u
x
li
m
i
ts
,
a
n
d
lo
s
s
c
o
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
;
an
d
(
iii
)
A
s
m
a
l
l‑
s
i
g
n
al
‑
b
as
ed
P
I
tu
n
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
t
h
a
t
e
x
p
lic
itl
y
ac
c
o
u
n
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
L
L
C
p
la
n
t
’
s
in
h
er
en
t
i
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
ets
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
m
ar
g
i
n
s
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
l
y
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
f
l
o
w
is
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
ed
an
d
v
ali
d
ate
d
i
n
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
l
in
k
a
n
d
P
L
E
C
S
u
n
d
e
r
E
V
‑
r
el
ev
a
n
t
o
p
e
r
ati
n
g
r
a
n
g
es
t
o
v
er
i
f
y
th
a
t
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
ti
ca
l
s
te
p
s
t
r
a
n
s
late
in
to
p
r
e
d
i
cta
b
l
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
i
n
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
B
y
li
n
k
in
g
t
h
ese
t
h
r
ee
d
o
m
ai
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
ed
a
n
al
y
s
is
p
a
th
,
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
r
e
d
u
ce
s
r
el
ia
n
c
e
o
n
ite
r
ati
v
e
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
d
u
c
es
a
co
n
v
e
r
te
r
wh
o
s
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
v
o
l
ta
g
e
r
eg
u
l
ati
o
n
,
t
r
a
n
s
ie
n
t
b
e
h
av
io
r
,
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
cie
n
c
y
is
v
ali
d
a
te
d
ac
r
o
s
s
E
V‑
r
e
le
v
a
n
t
o
p
er
ati
n
g
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
c
o
n
s
o
l
id
at
es
f
r
a
g
m
e
n
t
ed
d
esi
g
n
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
s
ca
t
te
r
e
d
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
l
ite
r
a
tu
r
e
[
1
]
–
[
3
1
]
i
n
to
a
s
i
n
g
le
,
r
e
p
ea
t
ab
le
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
u
it
ab
l
e
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
‑
co
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
E
V
A
PM
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
E
V
APM
co
n
v
e
r
ter
an
aly
tic
al
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
R
e
f
.
F
o
c
u
s/
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
F
u
l
l
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
d
e
s
i
g
n
P
I
v
i
a
sm
a
l
l
-
s
i
g
n
a
l
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
e
v
a
l
[
1
6]
T
-
t
y
p
e
LL
C
Y
e
s
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
[
25
]
LLC
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s/
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
(
EV
)
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
No
[
10
]
P
S
F
B
v
s
LL
C
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
Y
e
s
[1
9
]
G
a
N
LL
C
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
Y
e
s
[1
7
]
Th
r
e
e
-
l
e
g
LLC
O
B
C
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
[
2
0
]
F
u
l
l
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
LLC
c
h
a
r
g
e
r
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
No
[
23
]
LA
D
R
C
v
s PI
f
o
r
L
LC
c
h
a
r
g
e
r
s
No
Y
e
s
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
[
24
]
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
-
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
me
t
h
o
d
s fo
r
LL
C
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
Y
e
s
[
8]
H
a
l
f
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
+
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
d
o
u
b
l
e
r
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
[1
2
]
C
F
D
A
B
u
l
t
r
a
-
h
i
g
h
-
g
a
i
n
A
P
M
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
Y
e
s
[
5
]
Tw
o
-
st
a
g
e
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
D
C
-
D
C
A
P
M
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
[
2
1
]
LLC
L
C
n
o
t
c
h
r
e
so
n
a
n
t
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
[2
7
]
A
sy
mm
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
h
a
l
f
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
[
18
]
LLC
h
i
g
h
g
a
i
n
w
i
t
h
a
u
x
LC
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
No
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
a
lytica
l d
esig
n
,
m
o
d
ellin
g
a
n
d
s
imu
la
tio
n
o
f
a
n
LL
C
r
eso
n
a
n
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
Mo
h
a
m
a
d
A
f
fa
n
Mo
h
d
N
o
h
)
1887
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
aly
tical
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
with
a
d
esig
n
e
x
am
p
le
o
f
a
h
al
f
-
b
r
id
g
e
L
L
C
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
wh
er
e
t
h
e
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
is
f
o
r
E
V
APM.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ex
am
p
le
is
m
o
d
elled
a
n
d
an
aly
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
an
d
PLE
C
S
s
im
u
la
tio
n
s
u
n
d
er
E
V
-
r
elev
a
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
2
3
5
–
2
6
5
V
in
p
u
t,
1
0
–
1
0
0
%
lo
ad
)
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
p
ea
k
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
9
8
.
1
%,
av
er
ag
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
ar
o
u
n
d
9
0
%,
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
with
in
±
1
%,
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
AHB
d
esig
n
b
y
u
p
to
4
.
4
1
%.
T
h
e
ty
p
ical
cir
cu
it to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
a
h
alf
-
b
r
id
g
e
L
L
C
r
eso
n
an
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
y
p
ical
h
alf
-
b
r
id
g
e
L
L
C
r
eso
n
an
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
L
L
C
re
s
o
na
nt
a
na
ly
t
ica
l c
a
lcula
t
io
ns
(
des
ig
n a
ux
ilia
ry
co
m
po
nents)
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
ca
lcu
latio
n
wa
s
ap
p
lied
to
d
esig
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
c
-
d
c
L
L
C
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
with
t
h
e
d
esig
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
T
ab
le
2
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
E
V
lo
ad
ty
p
ical
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
an
d
in
f
e
r
r
ed
f
r
o
m
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
L
L
C
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
f
o
r
E
V
lo
ad
s
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
f
[
9
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
lo
w
o
f
an
al
y
tical
s
tep
s
to
d
esig
n
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
co
n
v
er
ter
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
is
s
im
p
lifie
d
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Desig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
D
C
I
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
V
in
2
3
5
–
2
6
5
V
N
o
mi
n
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
_
2
5
0
V
R
a
t
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
,
P
out
3
0
0
W
N
o
mi
n
a
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
_
2
4
V
R
a
t
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
,
I
o
1
2
.
5
A
R
i
p
p
l
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
≤
1
%
O
u
t
p
u
t
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
i
p
p
l
e
≤
1
%
Ex
p
e
c
t
e
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
≥
9
0
%
(
=
9
5
%)
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
70
–
1
5
0
k
H
z
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
tep
s
f
o
r
an
L
L
C
r
eso
n
an
t
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1885
-
1
9
0
1
1888
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t‑
tan
k
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
b
eg
in
s
with
e
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
tu
r
n
s
r
atio
at
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
wh
er
e
(
1
)
.
=
×
_
/
2
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
u
n
if
ied
,
d
im
en
s
io
n
less
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
L
L
C
co
n
v
er
ter
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
elate
s
to
its
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
th
e
r
eb
y
e
n
ab
lin
g
s
i
m
p
lifie
d
an
aly
tical
d
esig
n
,
u
n
iv
er
s
al
g
ain
‑
cu
r
v
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
o
p
er
atin
g
‑
r
eg
i
o
n
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
(
b
u
c
k
,
b
o
o
s
t,
o
r
r
eso
n
an
t
)
,
s
o
f
t‑
s
witch
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
ef
f
icien
t su
p
p
o
r
t f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
,
s
im
u
latio
n
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
=
|
×
2
[
(
+
1
)
×
2
−
1
]
+
[
(
2
−
1
)
×
×
×
]
|
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
is
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
an
d
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
0
.
T
h
e
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
e
s
er
ies
r
eso
n
an
t
cir
cu
it
i
s
th
e
r
atio
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
tan
k
t
o
th
e
en
er
g
y
d
is
s
ip
ated
p
er
cy
cle
at
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
=
√
/
(
3
)
A
s
m
all
in
d
u
ctio
n
r
atio
wh
er
e
th
e
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
m
a
g
n
etizin
g
in
d
u
ctan
ce
is
s
m
aller
th
an
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
in
d
u
ctan
ce
en
h
an
c
es
Z
VS
b
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
lo
s
s
e
s
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
e
r
m
ag
n
etizin
g
cu
r
r
en
t,
wh
ile
a
s
m
all
lik
ewise
r
aise
s
lo
s
s
e
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
r
an
g
es
o
f
an
d
h
av
e
to
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
.
T
h
e
an
d
ca
n
b
e
p
r
ed
icted
b
y
p
l
o
ttin
g
th
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
ag
ain
s
t
as
d
ep
icted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
c
h
o
s
en
s
ets
f
o
r
t
h
e
is
1
,
3
,
5
,
6
,
8
an
d
1
0
wh
ile
th
e
is
{0
,
0
.
2
,
0
.
3
,
0
.
4
,
0
.
5
,
0
.
7
,
1
,
1
.
2
,
1
0
}
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
,
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
,
ar
e
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
o
r
th
e
lo
a
d
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
R
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
p
ea
k
o
f
ea
ch
cu
r
v
e
,
ar
e
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
r
eg
io
n
wh
er
e
i
s
th
e
Z
VS
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
attain
ab
le
g
ain
,
is
esti
m
ated
to
b
e
1
%
less
th
an
,
to
en
s
u
r
e
Z
VS.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
f
o
r
,
less
th
an
,
,
th
e
lo
a
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
Hen
ce
,
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
p
lo
tted
cu
r
v
es
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
t
h
e
cu
r
v
e
s
b
elo
w
th
e
r
ed
d
o
tted
lin
e
a
r
e
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
in
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
an
d
b
ec
au
s
e
,
less
th
an
,
.
Nex
t,
th
e
,
ag
ain
s
t
is
p
lo
tted
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wh
er
e
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
is
ch
o
s
en
s
u
ch
th
at
,
>
,
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
to
o
s
m
al
l,
as
th
is
wo
u
ld
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
m
ag
n
etizin
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
,
lead
in
g
to
h
i
g
h
er
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
to
o
s
m
all
to
a
v
o
id
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
=
5
an
d
=
0
.
53367
ar
e
s
ele
cted
as
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
wh
er
e
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
b
etwe
en
th
e
,
an
d
,
.
Nex
t,
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
a
n
e
q
u
iv
al
en
t
ac
r
esis
tan
ce
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
f
(
4
)
.
=
8
×
2
2
×
(
4
)
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
r
e
s
o
n
an
t c
ir
cu
it c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
(
5
)
-
(
7
)
.
=
1
2
0
(
5
)
=
1
(
2
)
2
×
(
6
)
=
(
7
)
Nex
t,
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
v
alu
es
f
o
r
r
eso
n
an
ce
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
v
er
if
ied
b
y
r
ep
ea
tin
g
th
e
s
am
e
s
tep
f
r
o
m
(
5
)
to
(
7
)
,
a
n
d
th
e
.
T
h
e
u
p
d
ated
c
u
r
v
e
v
s
as
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
is
p
lo
tted
.
T
h
is
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
,
less
th
an
,
an
d
s
atis
f
ies
th
e
an
d
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
ci
r
cu
it
d
esig
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
,
an
d
,
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
b
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
s
w
itch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
is
d
eter
m
in
e
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
a
lytica
l d
esig
n
,
m
o
d
ellin
g
a
n
d
s
imu
la
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ter
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ated
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I
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N
:
2
0
8
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4
I
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t J Po
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3
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
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lec
&
Dr
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s
t
I
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N:
2088
-
8
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4
A
n
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m
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(
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d
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,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1885
-
1
9
0
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1892
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4
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1
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ize
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m
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t w
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d
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e
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u
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10
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Fig
u
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10
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f
o
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th
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s
f
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is
(
2
2
)
,
δ
=
√
,
µ
(
2
2
)
an
d
µ
is
th
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
o
f
c
o
p
p
er
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
b
r
ea
d
th
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
h
alf
th
e
win
d
i
n
g
wid
th
an
d
t
h
e
win
d
in
g
leg
d
iam
eter
.
On
ce
t
h
e
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
,
th
e
is
b
u
n
ch
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wir
es
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
/
ℎ
is
(
2
3
)
.
/
ℎ
=
4
δ
2
2
(
2
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
a
lytica
l d
esig
n
,
m
o
d
ellin
g
a
n
d
s
imu
la
tio
n
o
f
a
n
LL
C
r
eso
n
a
n
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
Mo
h
a
m
a
d
A
f
fa
n
Mo
h
d
N
o
h
)
1893
2
.
3
.
Co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
L
L
C
co
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
[
9
]
is
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
,
wh
er
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
-
to
-
v
o
ltag
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
cti
o
n
is
(
2
4
)
,
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
=
2
2
+
2
+
1
(
2
4
)
wh
er
e
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
s
m
all
-
s
ig
n
al
g
ain
.
=
=
−
8
(
2
5
)
=
2
2
co
s
−
1
[
+
2
(
1
−
2
)
]
2
≈
2
4
(
2
6
)
=
2
√
(
2
7
)
T
h
e
B
o
d
e
p
lo
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
an
d
with
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
At
th
e
n
atu
r
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
(
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
r
e
s
o
n
an
t f
r
eq
u
en
cy
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ilter
)
,
,
is
(
2
8
)
.
=
√
(
2
8
)
T
h
e
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
Q
is
(
2
9
)
.
=
√
(
2
9
)
T
h
e
n
eg
ativ
e
s
m
all
-
s
ig
n
al
g
ain
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
an
i
n
h
er
en
t
1
8
0
°
p
h
ase
in
v
er
s
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
p
lan
t
ex
h
ib
its
−2
3
.
2
5
d
B
g
ai
n
at
th
e
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
r
eg
io
n
,
r
e
q
u
ir
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
h
ase
an
d
g
ain
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
lo
o
p
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
0
d
B
s
tab
ilit
y
co
n
d
itio
n
.
A
PI
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
s
elec
ted
an
d
tu
n
ed
s
o
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
en
s
ated
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
r
em
ain
s
well
b
el
o
w
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
s
atis
f
y
in
g
th
e
Ny
q
u
is
t stab
ilit
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t.
2
.
4
.
Ro
bu
s
t
nes
s
a
nd
a
na
ly
s
i
s
T
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
L
L
C
co
n
v
er
te
r
was
ev
alu
a
ted
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
h
o
w
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
tan
k
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
in
p
u
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
v
a
r
i
atio
n
s
an
d
lo
ad
ch
an
g
es.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
was sim
u
lated
at
2
3
5
V,
2
5
0
V
,
an
d
2
6
5
V
to
ex
am
in
e
ch
a
n
g
es
in
r
es
o
n
an
t
-
tan
k
v
o
ltag
e
,
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
a
n
d
s
witch
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
allo
win
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
ain
tain
s
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
in
t
u
n
d
er
o
f
f
-
n
o
m
in
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
in
p
u
t
lev
el,
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
am
p
litu
d
e
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
wer
e
an
al
y
ze
d
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
tan
k
b
eh
av
io
r
f
o
l
lo
ws
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
an
aly
tical
tr
en
d
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
wer
e
th
en
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
v
er
if
y
th
at
th
e
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
wer
e
m
et,
an
d
th
e
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
was
v
alid
ated
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
s
witch
in
g
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
th
e
Simu
lin
k
an
d
PLE
C
S m
o
d
els.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
E
V
-
r
elev
an
t lo
ad
r
an
g
e
was f
u
r
th
er
ass
es
s
ed
b
y
s
wee
p
in
g
th
e
lo
ad
f
r
o
m
1
0
%
to
1
0
0
%
an
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
u
s
in
g
PL
E
C
S
s
im
u
latio
n
s
to
cr
o
s
s
-
v
alid
ate
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
Simu
lin
k
.
L
o
ad
-
t
r
an
s
ien
t
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
was
ev
al
u
ated
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
s
u
d
d
en
s
tep
c
h
an
g
es,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
s
ettlin
g
tim
e
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
to
c
o
n
f
ir
m
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
’
s
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
was
co
m
p
ar
e
d
ag
ain
s
t
th
at
o
f
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
AHB
to
p
o
lo
g
y
to
q
u
an
tify
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ad
v
a
n
tag
es,
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
etwe
en
MA
T
L
AB
an
d
PLE
C
S r
esu
lts
en
s
u
r
ed
r
el
iab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
an
d
its
an
aly
tical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
q
u
a
n
titi
es
f
o
r
th
e
L
L
C
co
n
v
er
ter
wh
ic
h
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
aly
tical
d
esig
n
as
d
ep
icted
in
th
e
f
lo
w
ch
a
r
t
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
B
o
d
e
p
l
o
t
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
at
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
p
r
o
v
id
es
h
i
g
h
d
c
g
ain
wh
ile
th
e
p
lan
t
e
x
h
ib
its
n
eg
ativ
e
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
g
ain
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
p
en
-
lo
o
p
r
esp
o
n
s
e
with
a
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
n
ea
r
2
0
4
r
ad
/s
an
d
ad
eq
u
ate
PI
-
t
y
p
e
s
tab
ilit
y
m
ar
g
in
as
all
cu
r
v
es
r
o
ll
o
f
f
s
m
o
o
th
ly
at
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
A
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
t
u
n
ed
an
d
in
Simu
lin
k
an
d
PLE
C
S
(
Fig
u
r
es
8
an
d
1
1
)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
n
ea
r
ly
id
en
tical
s
witch
in
g
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
)
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
co
r
r
e
ct
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1885
-
1
9
0
1
1894
Nex
t,
f
o
r
th
e
an
aly
tical
d
esig
n
of
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
as
d
ep
icte
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
th
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
q
u
an
titi
es
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
4
.
T
h
e
ar
r
an
g
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
win
d
in
g
a
n
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
win
d
i
n
g
b
ased
o
n
E
T
D4
4
b
o
b
b
in
win
d
i
n
g
wid
th
,
win
d
in
g
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
ac
tu
al
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
s
h
o
ws
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
r
aises
th
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
f
r
o
m
ab
o
u
t
9
3
k
Hz
at
2
3
5
V
to
1
3
0
k
Hz
a
t
2
5
0
V,
wh
ich
r
em
ain
s
wh
ich
s
atis
f
ies
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
.
Ho
wev
er
,
at
2
6
5
V
,
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
r
is
es
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
7
5
k
Hz,
ex
ce
e
d
in
g
th
e
allo
wa
b
le
lim
it,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
eq
u
ir
es r
ef
i
n
em
en
t to
k
ee
p
th
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
with
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
o
p
er
atin
g
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
-
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
n
o
r
m
alize
d
g
ain
–
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
s
y
n
th
esis
f
o
r
tan
k
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
an
aly
tical
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
esig
n
(
E
T
D4
4
/
3
C
9
0
with
Δ
B
=
1
0
6
.
6
m
T
<
2
0
0
m
T
)
,
an
d
s
m
all
-
s
ig
n
al
-
b
ased
PI
tu
n
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
h
er
en
t
d
esig
n
wh
o
s
e
Simu
lin
k
an
d
PLE
C
S
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
m
atch
in
s
witch
in
g
p
atter
n
s
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
ts
(
Fig
u
r
es
8
-
1
4
)
.
T
h
is
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
v
alid
a
tes
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
c
lo
s
e
s
im
ilar
ity
b
etwe
en
th
e
M
AT
L
AB
Simu
lin
k
an
d
PLE
C
S
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
m
o
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