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K
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:
An
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Gr
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San
d
alb
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a
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CC B
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C
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s
p
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A
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r
:
Ay
o
n
g
Hien
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Dep
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T
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p
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Un
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Pro
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H.
Had
ar
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Stre
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h
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u
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an
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
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O
N
B
if
ac
ial
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV
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tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
r
ec
eiv
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wi
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g
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tio
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h
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tp
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th
an
th
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m
o
n
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f
ac
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co
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n
ter
p
ar
ts
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
As
b
if
ac
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PV
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
atu
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ts
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p
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m
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s
tem
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ca
tio
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tal
co
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itio
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to
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s
in
f
lu
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in
clu
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s
u
r
f
ac
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r
ef
lectiv
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(
alb
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o
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,
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
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,
am
b
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t
tem
p
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atu
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tilt
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An
a
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o
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tilt
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p
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d
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f
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s
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in
Detr
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it,
U
n
ited
S
tates
[
3
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.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
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f
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d
th
at
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b
if
ac
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Dr
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N:
2088
-
8
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4
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n
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2059
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r
a
te
s
an
d
e
lev
a
ted
g
r
o
u
n
d
alb
ed
o
)
,
t
il
te
d
in
s
ta
ll
at
io
n
s
w
it
h
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
d
v
er
ti
ca
lly
m
o
u
n
te
d
b
if
a
ci
al
PV
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
p
t
im
ize
en
er
g
y
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
e
tu
r
n
o
n
in
v
e
s
tm
en
t
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
s
o
lar
t
r
ac
k
in
g
en
h
an
c
e
s
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
a
ti
o
n
b
y
m
ax
im
iz
in
g
i
r
r
ad
i
an
c
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
o
n
b
o
th
p
an
e
l
s
u
r
f
ac
e
s
.
M
ea
n
wh
i
le,
v
er
ti
ca
l
in
s
ta
l
la
tio
n
s
o
f
f
er
d
i
s
tin
ct
ad
v
an
t
ag
e
s
f
o
r
m
i
t
i
g
at
in
g
s
o
i
l
in
g
l
o
s
s
e
s
wh
i
le
s
u
s
t
ain
in
g
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
.
An
o
th
er
r
el
at
ed
s
tu
d
y
[
7
]
a
l
s
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
te
d
th
a
t
v
er
ti
ca
l
b
if
a
ci
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
s
r
ed
u
c
ed
s
o
il
in
g
-
in
d
u
c
ed
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
d
eg
r
ad
a
tio
n
b
y
9
.
2
%
a
n
d
s
u
r
p
a
s
s
ed
in
cl
in
ed
in
s
t
al
la
tio
n
s
u
n
d
er
s
p
e
ci
f
i
c
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
B
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
r
e
b
e
t
te
r
t
h
an
m
o
n
o
f
a
c
i
a
l
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
at
i
o
n
s
i
n
s
n
o
w
y
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t
s
o
w
i
n
g
to
e
n
h
an
c
ed
s
n
o
w
-
s
h
ed
d
in
g
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
[
8
]
.
A
s
t
u
d
y
u
n
d
e
r
C
a
n
a
d
i
an
c
l
i
m
a
t
i
c
co
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
[
9
]
r
ev
e
a
l
ed
th
a
t
f
r
o
n
t
-
s
u
r
f
ac
e
s
n
o
w
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
en
e
r
g
y
y
i
e
ld
b
y
u
p
to
8
0
%
,
r
en
d
er
i
n
g
th
e
r
e
ar
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
t
h
e
ex
c
lu
s
i
v
e
c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
t
o
r
t
o
p
o
w
er
g
en
e
r
a
ti
o
n
d
u
r
in
g
s
u
c
h
e
v
en
t
s
.
V
e
r
ti
c
a
l
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
io
n
s
f
u
r
th
e
r
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
e
s
i
l
i
en
c
e
b
y
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
in
g
s
n
o
w
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
r
ed
u
c
in
g
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
r
i
s
k
s
f
r
o
m
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
ia
l
s
n
o
w
l
o
ad
s
.
Ad
d
i
t
io
n
a
l
ly
,
an
o
p
t
i
m
iz
e
d
in
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
s
n
o
w
s
h
ad
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
[
1
0
]
r
e
s
u
l
te
d
in
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
b
if
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
e
n
e
r
g
y
g
en
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
u
p
to
4
.
3
%
.
I
n
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
in
teg
r
ated
with
ag
r
iv
o
ltaic
p
r
ac
tices
en
ab
le
s
y
n
er
g
is
tic
d
u
al
lan
d
u
s
e
f
o
r
co
n
cu
r
r
en
t
e
n
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
c
r
o
p
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
e
n
h
an
cin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
en
er
g
y
y
ield
s
wh
ile
p
r
o
m
o
t
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e.
A
s
tu
d
y
o
n
UK
p
o
tato
f
ar
m
lan
d
s
[
1
2
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
lo
ca
tio
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
th
e
ag
r
iv
o
ltaic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Similar
ly
,
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
in
B
o
s
to
n
,
U
n
ited
S
tates
[
1
3
]
,
s
h
o
wed
th
at
b
i
f
ac
ial
PV
ar
r
ay
s
in
ag
r
iv
o
ltaic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
o
o
s
ted
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
lan
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
.
Simi
lar
to
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
g
r
ass
lan
d
s
(
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ized
as
o
p
en
-
ca
n
o
p
y
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
with
h
er
b
ac
eo
u
s
v
eg
e
tatio
n
,
m
in
im
al
tr
ee
co
v
er
,
an
d
h
ig
h
s
o
lar
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e)
also
o
f
f
er
f
av
o
r
ab
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
b
if
ac
ial
PV
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
d
u
e
to
h
ig
h
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
m
o
d
er
ate
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
lb
ed
o
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
o
p
tim
al
en
e
r
g
y
y
ield
is
ty
p
ically
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
tilt
ed
in
s
tallatio
n
s
o
r
e
lev
ated
m
o
u
n
tin
g
to
m
ax
im
ize
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
ca
p
tu
r
e
[
1
4
]
.
C
o
astal
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
e
x
h
ib
it
d
is
tin
ct
alb
ed
o
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
r
elativ
e
to
h
ig
h
-
r
ef
lectiv
ity
z
o
n
es
s
u
ch
as
d
eser
ts
o
r
s
n
o
w
-
co
v
e
r
ed
ar
ea
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
co
astal
alb
ed
o
v
alu
es
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
lo
we
r
,
th
ese
r
eg
io
n
s
p
r
esen
t
u
n
iq
u
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
in
ter
p
lay
b
etwe
en
s
a
n
d
a
n
d
wate
r
s
u
b
s
tr
ates.
San
d
y
s
u
r
f
ac
es
g
en
e
r
ally
h
av
e
m
o
d
e
r
ate
alb
ed
o
(
0
.
3
-
0
.
4
)
,
ex
ce
ed
i
n
g
g
r
ass
lan
d
r
ef
le
ctan
ce
b
u
t
r
em
ain
in
g
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
b
elo
w
s
n
o
w
alb
ed
o
[
1
5
]
.
No
tab
ly
,
d
r
y
s
an
d
alb
ed
o
r
em
ain
s
s
tab
le
ac
r
o
s
s
s
o
lar
elev
atio
n
an
g
les
b
u
t
is
s
e
n
s
itiv
e
to
m
o
is
tu
r
e
co
n
ten
t
[
1
6
]
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
wate
r
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
v
ar
ies
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
with
s
o
lar
altitu
d
e:
lo
w
an
g
les
(
e.
g
.
,
s
u
n
r
is
e/su
n
s
et)
in
ten
s
if
y
s
p
ec
u
lar
r
ef
lectio
n
[
1
7
]
,
p
o
ten
tial
ly
en
h
an
cin
g
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
in
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
o
as
tal
r
eg
io
n
s
f
u
r
th
er
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
elev
ated
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
,
wh
ich
en
h
an
ce
c
o
n
v
ec
tiv
e
p
an
el
co
o
lin
g
.
T
h
is
g
iv
es
a
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
PV
o
p
er
atin
g
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
in
s
tallatio
n
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
ca
r
ef
u
l
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
elev
ate
d
m
o
u
n
tin
g
m
itig
ates
s
an
d
ac
c
u
m
u
l
atio
n
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ates
p
ass
iv
e
co
o
lin
g
v
ia
air
f
l
o
w,
wh
ile
tilt
an
g
le
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
ex
p
lo
it
wate
r
-
s
u
r
f
ac
e
r
ef
lec
tio
n
s
to
m
ax
im
ize
en
er
g
y
y
ield
in
n
ea
r
-
s
h
o
r
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
in
h
u
m
id
c
o
astal
zo
n
es
ca
p
italize
o
n
d
if
f
u
s
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
f
r
o
m
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
m
o
is
tu
r
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
en
a
b
les
co
n
s
is
ten
t
lig
h
t
ca
p
tu
r
e
o
n
b
o
th
p
an
el
s
u
r
f
ac
es
u
n
d
er
o
v
er
ca
s
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
a
n
d
h
e
n
ce
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
m
o
r
e
s
tab
l
e
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
clea
r
-
s
k
y
-
d
o
m
in
ated
ar
id
r
eg
io
n
s
.
E
x
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
p
r
ed
o
m
in
a
n
tly
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
m
id
-
latitu
d
e
r
eg
io
n
s
(
1
5
-
40
N/S),
with
lim
ited
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
in
s
tallatio
n
s
b
elo
w
5
latitu
d
e.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
n
o
t
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
a
n
el
o
r
ien
tatio
n
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
b
i
f
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
y
ield
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
alb
ed
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
at
a
lo
w
-
latitu
d
e
co
astal
s
ite.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
lo
ca
tio
n
was
a
co
astal
ar
ea
in
T
em
aju
k
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
2
.
0
5
5
8
N,
1
0
9
.
6
2
5
1
E
)
.
C
r
itical
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
az
i
m
u
th
,
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
,
am
b
ie
n
t
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
an
d
b
if
ac
iality
co
ef
f
icien
t,
wer
e
t
ak
en
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
r
ee
c
o
astal
s
ites
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
d
is
tin
ct
alb
ed
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
:
i
)
d
r
y
wh
ite
s
an
d
s
,
ii
)
wet
wh
ite
s
an
d
s
,
an
d
iii
)
w
h
ite
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
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6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2058
-
2
0
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2060
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
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So
la
r
ra
dia
t
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
o
n
t
h
ly
av
er
ag
e
d
aily
s
o
lar
r
ad
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n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
J
ap
an
Me
teo
r
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lo
g
ical
Ag
e
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’
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Hi
m
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i
s
atellite.
T
h
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atas
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ch
ar
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y
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ig
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s
p
atial
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o
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ter
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ased
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el
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d
y
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t
h
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s
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r
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p
ar
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eter
s
ar
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s
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er
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m
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ce
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d
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
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t
f
o
r
b
if
ac
ial
PV in
s
tallatio
n
s
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
n
o
r
m
al
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
(
DNI
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p
ea
k
s
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r
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Ap
r
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J
u
ly
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ax
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m
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ity
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er
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u
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ith
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al
m
in
im
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m
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s
e
h
o
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izo
n
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r
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r
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ely
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im
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le
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s
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ip
ex
is
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d
th
e
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in
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lar
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n
J
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n
e
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ly
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wh
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th
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is
m
ax
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th
e
DHI
r
ea
c
h
es
its
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ad
ir
as
m
in
im
al
s
ca
tter
in
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o
cc
u
r
s
.
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h
e
g
lo
b
al
h
o
r
iz
o
n
tal
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
(
GHI
)
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
to
t
al
in
cid
en
t
s
o
lar
r
ad
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n
,
ac
h
iev
es
its
m
ax
im
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m
in
Ma
r
ch
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d
Ap
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il
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n
d
e
r
cl
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s
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ies.
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e
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v
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cc
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r
f
r
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m
No
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u
a
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atten
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a
tin
g
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m
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g
s
o
l
ar
r
ad
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n
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
an
n
u
al
av
er
ag
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
s
f
o
r
DNI
,
DHI
,
an
d
GHI
ar
e
2
.
8
7
,
2
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8
2
,
a
n
d
4
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8
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2
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tem
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er
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4
C
.
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atter
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s
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
th
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in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
en
ce
o
f
s
o
lar
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ad
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n
c
o
m
p
o
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e
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ts
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atic
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n
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itio
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.
2
.
2
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Sy
s
t
e
m
co
nfig
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io
n
T
h
e
b
if
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PV
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
r
is
es
two
b
if
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an
els
in
s
tall
ed
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illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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ac
h
p
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e
l
m
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s
u
r
es
2
.
0
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n
g
th
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n
d
1
.
2
1
2
m
in
wid
th
,
with
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etailed
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ar
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eter
s
p
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ed
in
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ab
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.
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h
e
PV
p
a
n
els
ar
e
m
o
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ted
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iatio
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itch
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h
e
p
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len
g
t
h
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er
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lar
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h
e
r
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w
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ir
ec
tio
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is
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en
o
ted
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L
.
2
.
3
.
M
a
t
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t
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m
o
del
A
b
if
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PV
m
o
d
el
s
im
u
lates
th
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en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
b
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s
o
lar
p
an
els
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
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g
f
r
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n
t
-
a
n
d
r
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r
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s
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d
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r
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d
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a
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y
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v
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n
m
e
n
t
a
l p
a
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e
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r
s
t
o
p
r
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d
i
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y
s
t
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p
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r
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m
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n
c
e
.
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h
e
m
o
d
e
l
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
s
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
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a
r
i
r
r
a
d
ia
n
c
e
o
n
e
a
c
h
s
i
d
e
:
f
r
o
n
t
-
s
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d
e
ir
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
r
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d
i
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c
t
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i
f
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n
d
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e
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l
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wh
ile
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is
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o
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f
u
s
e
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
r
ef
lecte
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lig
h
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as seen
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
So
lar
r
ad
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n
d
ata
T
ab
le
1
.
B
if
ac
ial
PV d
ata
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
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l
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e
M
a
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i
m
u
m
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e
r
(
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e
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r
(
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3
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%
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l
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)
4
5
.
9
C
B
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
(
)
0
.
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
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n
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2061
Fig
u
r
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2
.
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if
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s
tem
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f
ig
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atio
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T
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f
r
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h
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ir
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Her
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ith
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ied
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[
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ep
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en
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i
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lated
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.
,
=
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.
1
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s
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W
h
er
e
ρ
g
d
en
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tes
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g
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n
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o
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n
ce
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ef
in
e
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as
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lar
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n
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r
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m
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r
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e.
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e
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r
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f
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.
=
,
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h
e
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ea
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d
if
f
u
s
e
s
k
y
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r
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ad
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diffuse,
rear
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is
(
6
)
.
,
=
.
1
−
co
s
(
)
2
(
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
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6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
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s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2058
-
2
0
6
9
2062
T
h
e
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r
g
r
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ir
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y
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.
,
=
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1
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s
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)
2
.
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T
h
e
v
iew
f
ac
to
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F
view
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is
th
e
f
r
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tio
n
o
f
g
r
o
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n
d
v
is
ib
le
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th
e
r
ea
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s
id
e
[
2
0
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)
.
=
1
2
.
(
1
+
(
)
)
.
(
1
−
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2
+
2
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(
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W
h
er
e
β
,
H
an
d
D
is
th
e
PV
p
an
el
tilt
an
g
le,
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
a
n
ce
h
eig
h
t
an
d
r
o
w
s
p
ac
in
g
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
to
tal
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
(
G
total
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co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
b
y
f
r
o
n
t
-
s
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e
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d
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ea
r
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s
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e
ir
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ad
ia
n
ce
s
is
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itten
as
(
9
)
.
=
+
.
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
b
if
ac
iality
f
ac
t
o
r
,
a
m
etr
ic
th
at
q
u
an
tifie
s
th
e
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
t
h
e
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
a
b
if
ac
ial
PV
p
a
n
el
r
elativ
e
to
its
f
r
o
n
t
s
id
e
u
n
d
er
i
d
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tical
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r
ad
ian
ce
.
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h
e
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
b
if
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ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
is
th
en
ca
lcu
lated
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s
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g
th
e
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o
l
lo
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elatio
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[
2
1
]
:
=
.
.
.
(
1
+
.
(
−
,
)
)
.
(
1
+
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(
1
0
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Her
e,
P
MP
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th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
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o
wer
at
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
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MPP
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s
th
e
p
an
el
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cy
at
th
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m
a
x
im
u
m
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i
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t u
n
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e
r
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/m
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ce
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r
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atu
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e
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e
x
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r
ess
ed
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%/
C
)
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c,
STC
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2
5
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is
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e
ce
ll
tem
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e
at
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c
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e
ce
ll
tem
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e
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n
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er
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atin
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n
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itio
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s
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d
D
f
is
th
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im
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io
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ati
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t
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r
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h
ich
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co
u
n
ts
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o
r
r
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-
s
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e
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r
a
d
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ce
lo
s
s
es c
au
s
ed
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y
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ac
k
in
g
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r
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b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
.
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h
e
T
c
is
ty
p
ically
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
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a
an
d
ca
n
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ated
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1
1
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=
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,
−
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1
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h
er
e
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a
is
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e
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ien
t
tem
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e
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n
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er
o
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atin
g
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o
n
d
it
io
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s
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C
)
;
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c,
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th
e
ce
ll
tem
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er
atu
r
e
at
wh
ich
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
o
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atin
g
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
NOCT)
is
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
(
C
)
;
T
a,
NOCT
=
2
0
C
is
th
e
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
u
n
d
er
NOCT;
an
d
G
NOCT
=
8
0
0
W
/m
2
is
th
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
at
NOCT.
T
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
MPP
,
,
an
d
T
c,
NOCT
ar
e
ty
p
ically
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
i
n
th
e
p
a
n
el
d
atash
ee
t.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ev
alu
ates
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
t
em
s
at
th
r
ee
co
astal
s
ite
s
in
T
em
aju
k
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
ea
ch
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
b
y
u
n
iq
u
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
alb
ed
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
:
wh
ite
d
r
y
s
an
d
s
,
wh
ite
wet
s
an
d
s
,
an
d
wh
ite
s
an
d
s
in
ter
s
p
er
s
ed
with
g
r
an
it
e
r
o
ck
in
cl
u
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
alb
ed
o
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
ese
s
u
r
f
ac
es
ar
e
0.
3
6
f
o
r
wh
ite
d
r
y
s
an
d
s
,
0.
3
0
f
o
r
wh
ite
s
an
d
s
with
g
r
an
ite
r
o
c
k
i
n
clu
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
0.
2
4
f
o
r
wh
ite
wet
s
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
o
f
PV
p
a
n
e
l
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
tl
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
s
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
[
2
2
]
;
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
r
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e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
(
p
o
r
t
r
a
i
t
a
n
d
l
a
n
d
s
c
a
p
e
)
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
.
I
n
th
e
p
o
r
t
r
a
i
t
o
r
ie
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
p
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n
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l
s
a
r
e
m
o
u
n
t
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d
wi
t
h
t
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e
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r
s
h
o
r
t
s
i
d
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p
a
r
a
ll
e
l
t
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t
h
e
g
r
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u
n
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,
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
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n
t
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e
l
a
n
d
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c
ap
e
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n
t
a
t
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n
,
t
h
e
l
o
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g
s
i
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e
is
a
l
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n
e
d
p
a
r
a
l
l
el
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
(
a
s
s
e
e
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
PV p
a
n
el
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
E
n
erg
y
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f b
ifa
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l
p
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to
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ystems
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ien
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…
(
A
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o
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g
Hien
d
r
o
)
2063
3
.
1
.
I
nfluence
o
f
t
ilt
a
ng
le
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
te
s
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
t
il
t
an
g
le
o
n
th
e
an
n
u
al
e
le
ctr
ic
al
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
b
if
a
ci
al
PV
s
y
s
t
em
,
ac
co
u
n
t
in
g
f
o
r
s
i
te
-
s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
a
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ed
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d
p
an
e
l
o
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ien
t
at
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n
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t
im
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s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
i
s
ac
h
iev
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a
t
a
l
o
w
t
il
t
an
g
le
w
ith
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s
o
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th
-
f
ac
in
g
o
r
ie
n
t
at
i
o
n
,
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
th
a
t
m
ax
im
i
ze
s
s
o
l
ar
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
c
ap
tu
r
e
in
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w
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la
t
itu
d
e
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
n
o
r
th
er
n
h
em
i
s
p
h
er
e
[
2
3
]
.
A
s
d
ep
ic
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
t
h
e
l
an
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
i
en
t
ed
b
if
ac
ia
l
PV
s
y
s
t
em
ac
h
iev
es
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i
g
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er
en
er
g
y
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r
o
d
u
c
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n
s
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
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o
r
t
r
a
it
-
o
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c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
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tio
n
u
n
d
e
r
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en
ti
ca
l
ti
lt
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g
le
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d
al
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ed
o
co
n
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it
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n
s
.
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h
is
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f
o
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m
a
n
ce
d
i
s
p
ar
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t
y
ar
is
e
s
p
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im
ar
i
ly
f
r
o
m
g
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m
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d
ir
r
ad
i
an
c
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
e
f
f
e
ct
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
v
er
t
ica
l
p
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il
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s
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ap
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el
s
m
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ig
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te
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f
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en
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m
en
a
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th
e
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
a
ce
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ea
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th
e
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al
le
r
a
s
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ec
t
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p
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tr
a
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t
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n
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ig
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r
at
i
o
n
in
d
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ce
s
m
u
tu
al
s
h
ad
in
g
b
e
tw
ee
n
ad
j
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en
t
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an
el
s
,
p
ar
ti
cu
l
ar
ly
a
t
lo
w
t
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t
a
n
g
le
s
.
Su
ch
s
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ad
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g
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im
in
is
h
e
s
in
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id
en
t
ir
r
ad
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n
ce
o
n
r
ea
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-
s
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l
s
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e
n
ce
r
e
d
u
cin
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
a
t
io
n
.
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n
co
n
tr
a
s
t
,
th
e
l
an
d
s
c
ap
e
o
r
i
en
t
at
io
n
p
r
e
s
er
v
es
u
n
if
o
r
m
r
ea
r
-
s
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l
u
m
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t
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y
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im
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o
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s
tr
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.
Fu
r
t
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o
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th
e
ti
lt
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in
d
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ce
d
v
er
t
ic
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e
ig
h
t
r
ed
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ct
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in
th
e
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d
s
ca
p
e
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n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
p
o
s
i
t
io
n
s
th
e
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
a
ce
clo
s
er
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
th
er
e
b
y
au
g
m
en
ti
n
g
th
e
v
ie
w
f
a
cto
r
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
x
im
it
y
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
el
s
to
h
ar
n
es
s
r
ef
lec
ted
l
ig
h
t.
C
o
ll
ec
tiv
ely
,
th
e
s
e
g
eo
m
etr
ic
ad
v
an
t
ag
e
s
in
s
h
ad
in
g
a
v
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n
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t
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d
a
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g
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l
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ep
ti
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o
f
d
if
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u
s
e
an
d
r
ef
l
ec
ted
l
ig
h
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
o
f
th
e
l
an
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
b
if
a
ci
al
P
V
s
y
s
t
em
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Var
iatio
n
s
o
f
an
n
u
al
en
er
g
y
with
tilt
an
g
le:
(
a)
p
o
r
t
r
ait
o
r
ien
tatio
n
a
n
d
(
b
)
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
W
h
ile
b
o
th
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
ac
h
ie
v
e
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
at
lo
w
tilt
an
g
les,
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
attain
s
a
lo
wer
o
p
tim
al
t
ilt
an
g
le
th
an
th
e
p
o
r
tr
ait
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
Hig
h
er
tilt
an
g
les
o
r
ien
t
th
e
p
an
els
awa
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
ze
n
ith
,
th
er
e
b
y
r
ed
u
c
in
g
f
r
o
n
t‑
s
id
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
ca
p
tu
r
e.
At
lo
w
latitu
d
es,
t
h
e
s
m
all
s
o
lar
ze
n
ith
an
g
l
e
ca
u
s
es
g
r
o
u
n
d
‑
r
ef
lecte
d
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
to
s
tr
ik
e
th
e
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
at
s
h
allo
w
in
cid
en
ce
an
g
les;
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
ar
r
an
g
em
e
n
t
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
m
o
r
e
f
av
o
r
a
b
ly
alig
n
ed
to
in
te
r
ce
p
t
th
ese
r
ef
lectio
n
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
p
o
r
tr
ait
o
r
ien
tatio
n
ex
h
i
b
its
lim
ited
r
e
ar
‑
s
id
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
at
lo
w
tilt
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
r
ea
r
ce
lls
ar
e
p
o
s
it
io
n
ed
clo
s
er
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
m
ay
b
e
s
h
ad
e
d
b
y
ad
jace
n
t r
o
ws.
Alb
ed
o
p
la
y
s
a
cr
iti
ca
l
r
o
le
i
n
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
to
tal
i
r
r
a
d
i
an
ce
in
c
id
e
n
t
o
n
t
ilt
ed
s
u
r
f
ac
es
.
As
ill
u
s
tr
at
ed
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
an
n
u
a
l
o
p
ti
m
al
t
ilt
a
n
g
le
e
x
h
ib
its
a
p
o
s
it
iv
e
c
o
r
r
ela
ti
o
n
wi
th
al
b
ed
o
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
l
an
d
s
ca
p
e
-
an
d
p
o
r
t
r
ait
-
o
r
i
e
n
te
d
b
i
f
ac
ial
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
l
a
n
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ie
n
te
d
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
,
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
t
ilt
an
g
l
e
i
n
c
r
e
ases
f
r
o
m
2
.
5
t
o
3
.
5
as
al
b
ed
o
r
is
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
2
4
t
o
0
.
3
6
.
Si
m
i
la
r
l
y
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
o
r
tr
ait
-
o
r
ie
n
t
ed
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
,
t
h
e
o
p
tim
al
tilt
an
g
l
e
i
n
c
r
e
ases
f
r
o
m
4
.
5
to
6
.
5
o
v
er
th
e
s
a
m
e
al
b
ed
o
r
a
n
g
e
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
c
o
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
a
n
al
y
s
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
la
n
d
s
c
a
p
e
-
o
r
ie
n
te
d
b
i
f
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
t
e
m
ac
h
i
ev
es
a
n
n
u
al
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
u
t
p
u
t
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
ts
o
f
2
.
3
%
,
2
.
9
%
,
a
n
d
3
.
3
%
r
ela
ti
v
e
to
t
h
e
p
o
r
tr
ait
-
o
r
ie
n
t
ed
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ati
o
n
u
n
d
er
al
b
ed
o
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
o
f
0
.
2
4
,
0
.
3
0
,
a
n
d
0
.
3
6
,
r
es
p
e
cti
v
e
ly
,
wh
e
n
t
ilt
a
n
g
les
a
r
e
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
tl
y
o
p
tim
iz
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
r
i
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
.
T
h
is
tr
en
d
a
r
is
es
b
ec
au
s
e
ele
v
a
te
d
a
lb
ed
o
am
p
l
if
ies
an
n
u
al
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
r
ef
le
cte
d
i
r
r
a
d
i
an
c
e,
t
h
er
eb
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
o
t
al
in
ci
d
e
n
t
s
o
l
ar
r
ad
iat
io
n
[
2
4
]
.
Ad
d
i
ti
o
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
b
i
f
a
c
ia
l
PV
s
y
s
t
em
r
e
ce
iv
es
g
r
ea
t
er
to
t
al
i
n
ci
d
en
t
s
o
la
r
r
a
d
iat
io
n
i
n
th
e
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ie
n
t
e
d
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
ti
o
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
t
h
e
p
o
r
t
r
ait
-
o
r
i
e
n
te
d
o
n
e
u
n
d
er
o
p
t
im
a
l t
ilt
a
n
g
les
a
n
d
id
e
n
ti
ca
l
a
l
b
e
d
o
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
I
nfluence
o
f
g
r
o
un
d c
lea
ra
nce
heig
ht
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
a
n
ce
h
eig
h
t
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
b
if
ac
ial
PV sy
s
tem
s
was in
v
esti
g
ated
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
h
eig
h
t
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
alb
ed
o
wh
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
all
o
th
e
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
at
th
eir
o
p
tim
ized
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
r
ea
r
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2058
-
2
0
6
9
2064
s
id
e
en
er
g
y
y
ield
e
x
h
ib
its
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
o
n
b
o
th
clea
r
an
ce
h
eig
h
t
an
d
alb
ed
o
,
with
m
ax
im
u
m
o
u
t
p
u
t
ac
h
iev
ed
u
n
d
er
h
ig
h
-
al
b
ed
o
s
u
r
f
ac
es
co
m
b
in
e
d
with
el
ev
ated
m
o
u
n
tin
g
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
clea
r
an
ce
h
eig
h
t
an
d
an
n
u
al
en
er
g
y
y
iel
d
f
o
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th
e
s
ite
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
alb
ed
o
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
p
an
el
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
E
n
e
r
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
in
itially
in
cr
ea
s
es
with
h
eig
h
t
d
u
e
to
e
n
h
an
c
ed
v
ie
w
f
ac
to
r
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
,
wh
ich
en
lar
g
es
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
ar
ea
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
r
ef
l
ec
ted
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
ca
p
tu
r
e.
B
ey
o
n
d
a
cr
itical
h
ei
g
h
t
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
h
o
wev
er
,
en
e
r
g
y
g
ain
p
latea
u
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
atu
r
atio
n
wh
er
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
elev
atio
n
y
ield
s
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
r
etu
r
n
s
.
T
h
is
tr
e
n
d
alig
n
s
with
th
e
m
ax
im
ized
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
f
ield
o
f
v
iew
f
o
r
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
c
o
llectio
n
at
g
r
ea
ter
h
eig
h
ts
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Var
iatio
n
s
o
f
an
n
u
al
en
er
g
y
with
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
an
ce
h
eig
h
t:
(
a)
p
o
r
tr
ait
o
r
ien
tatio
n
an
d
(
b
)
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
a
n
ce
h
eig
h
t
f
o
r
th
e
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
te
m
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
p
o
in
t
b
ey
o
n
d
wh
ich
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
e
n
er
g
y
g
ai
n
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fo
r
th
e
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
in
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
ly
with
m
o
u
n
tin
g
h
eig
h
ts
u
p
to
1
.
5
-
2
.
0
m
ac
r
o
s
s
all
alb
ed
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
E
lev
atin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
m
to
2
.
0
m
en
h
an
ce
s
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
4
.
7
-
6
.
8
%,
co
n
tin
g
en
t
o
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e
alb
ed
o
.
E
m
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
6
]
id
e
n
tify
2
.
0
m
as
th
e
o
p
tim
al
h
eig
h
t
f
o
r
m
ax
im
izin
g
an
n
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
b
alan
cin
g
r
ea
r
-
s
i
d
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
d
i
m
in
is
h
in
g
r
etu
r
n
s
at
g
r
ea
ter
elev
atio
n
s
.
Similar
ly
,
f
o
r
p
o
r
t
r
ait
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
,
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
im
p
r
o
v
es
with
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
a
n
ce
h
ei
g
h
ts
u
p
to
2
.
5
-
2
.
9
m
,
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
alb
e
d
o
.
R
aisi
n
g
th
e
h
eig
h
t f
r
o
m
0
.
5
m
to
2
.
9
m
s
im
ilar
ly
am
p
lifi
es e
n
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t b
y
6
.
6
-
9
.
6
%,
with
2
.
9
m
ac
h
iev
in
g
o
p
tim
al
an
n
u
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
h
eig
h
t
-
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
alig
n
s
with
f
ield
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
[
2
6
]
,
wh
er
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
elev
atio
n
ex
p
an
d
s
th
e
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
f
ield
o
f
v
iew
f
o
r
r
e
f
lecte
d
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
t
h
at
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
u
n
tin
g
h
eig
h
t
to
2
.
9
m
wo
u
l
d
r
esu
lt
in
elev
ated
win
d
lo
ad
s
o
n
th
e
PV p
an
els,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
a
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
s
u
b
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
tab
ilit
y
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
r
tr
ait
-
o
r
ien
ted
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
in
co
astal
r
eg
io
n
s
i
s
n
o
t
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
d
u
e
to
th
ese
h
eig
h
ten
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
to
th
e
p
o
r
tr
ait
o
r
ien
tatio
n
in
th
e
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
at
eq
u
iv
alen
t
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
a
n
ce
h
eig
h
ts
.
T
h
is
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
m
itig
ate
v
er
tical
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
g
r
a
d
ien
t
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
p
an
el
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
en
s
u
r
in
g
m
o
r
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
-
r
e
f
lecte
d
lig
h
t
alo
n
g
th
e
p
a
n
el
wid
th
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ien
te
d
p
an
els
en
l
ar
g
es
th
e
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
f
ield
o
f
v
iew,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
alb
ed
o
ca
p
tu
r
e
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
a
g
r
ea
ter
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
d
i
f
f
u
s
e
a
n
d
s
p
ec
u
lar
r
ef
le
ctio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
es.
Su
ch
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
an
d
alb
ed
o
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
a
x
im
izes b
if
a
cia
l e
n
er
g
y
g
ain
.
E
lev
ated
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
an
ce
h
ei
g
h
t
ex
e
r
ts
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
b
if
ac
ial
PV
en
er
g
y
y
i
eld
in
h
ig
h
-
alb
ed
o
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Sy
s
tem
s
with
h
ig
h
-
alb
ed
o
s
u
r
f
ac
es
ac
h
iev
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
g
r
ea
ter
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
th
a
n
lo
w
-
alb
ed
o
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
ts
[
2
7
]
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
i
n
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
alb
ed
o
in
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
h
eig
h
t
-
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
g
ain
s
.
C
o
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
s
im
u
latio
n
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
s
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
:
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ien
te
d
s
y
s
tem
s
ex
h
ib
it
an
n
u
al
y
ield
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
o
f
0
.
3
%,
0
.
4
%,
an
d
0
.
5
%
r
elativ
e
to
p
o
r
tr
ait
o
r
ien
tatio
n
at
alb
ed
o
v
alu
es
o
f
0
.
2
4
,
0
.
3
0
,
a
n
d
0
.
3
6
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
w
h
en
clea
r
an
ce
h
eig
h
t is in
d
e
p
e
n
d
en
tly
o
p
tim
ized
p
e
r
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
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&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
E
n
erg
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n
a
lysi
s
o
f b
ifa
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p
h
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lta
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(
A
y
o
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g
Hien
d
r
o
)
2065
3
.
3
.
I
nfluence
o
f
g
r
o
un
d c
o
v
er
a
g
e
ra
t
i
o
T
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
co
v
er
a
g
e
r
atio
(
GC
R
)
,
a
v
ital
d
esig
n
p
a
r
am
eter
in
a
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
to
tal
PV
p
an
el
a
r
e
a
to
t
h
e
o
cc
u
p
ied
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
r
ea
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
h
a
r
n
ess
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
f
r
o
m
r
ef
lecte
d
an
d
d
if
f
u
s
e
lig
h
t,
GC
R
o
p
tim
izatio
n
d
ir
ec
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
b
alan
cin
g
in
te
r
-
r
o
w
s
h
a
d
in
g
l
o
s
s
es
an
d
alb
ed
o
-
d
r
iv
en
g
ain
s
.
T
h
e
GC
R
f
o
r
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
is
m
ath
em
atica
lly
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
p
an
el
len
g
th
(
L
)
to
th
e
r
o
w
-
to
-
r
o
w
p
itch
(
R
)
(
i.e
.
,
GC
R
=
L
/
R
)
.
A
lo
wer
GC
R
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
g
r
ea
ter
in
ter
-
r
o
w
s
p
ac
in
g
(
R
)
,
wh
ich
r
ed
u
ce
s
m
u
tu
al
s
h
ad
in
g
b
u
t
in
c
r
ea
s
es
lan
d
u
s
e,
wh
ile
a
h
ig
h
er
GC
R
in
ten
s
if
ies s
h
ad
in
g
ef
f
ec
ts
,
th
er
e
b
y
lim
itin
g
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
illu
m
in
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
GC
R
o
n
th
e
an
n
u
al
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
s
ite
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
alb
ed
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
PV
p
an
el
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
,
wh
i
le
h
o
ld
in
g
all
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
co
n
s
tan
t
at
th
eir
o
p
tim
ized
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
with
a
lo
wer
GC
R
f
ea
tu
r
es
a
lar
g
er
r
o
w
s
p
ac
in
g
(
D
)
th
an
t
h
o
s
e
with
a
h
ig
h
er
GC
R
.
A
r
ed
u
ce
d
GC
R
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
av
ailab
le
g
r
o
u
n
d
ar
ea
,
th
er
eb
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
alb
ed
o
-
d
r
i
v
en
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
r
ef
lectio
n
o
n
to
th
e
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
ac
es
o
f
th
e
PV
p
an
els.
T
h
is
ef
f
ec
t
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
u
n
d
er
h
ig
h
er
alb
ed
o
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
am
p
lifie
s
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
g
ai
n
s
,
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
d
ata
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
h
ig
h
er
GC
R
v
alu
es
d
im
in
is
h
an
n
u
al
en
e
r
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
d
u
e
to
in
ter
-
r
o
w
s
h
ad
in
g
lo
s
s
e
s
,
as
in
ten
s
if
ied
m
u
tu
al
s
h
ad
in
g
b
etwe
en
ad
jace
n
t
PV
ar
r
ay
s
r
estricts
in
cid
en
t
li
g
h
t
r
ea
ch
in
g
th
e
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
p
an
els
[
2
8
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
GC
R
b
elo
w
0
.
5
o
p
tim
izes r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
o
d
if
f
u
s
e
an
d
r
ef
lecte
d
r
ad
iat
io
n
,
alig
n
i
n
g
with
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies o
n
b
if
ac
ial
PV p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
y
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
co
v
er
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
[
2
9
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Var
iatio
n
s
o
f
an
n
u
al
en
er
g
y
with
GC
R
: (
a)
p
o
r
tr
ait
o
r
ien
tatio
n
an
d
(
b
)
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
s
an
o
p
tim
al
GC
R
o
f
0
.
2
2
f
o
r
th
e
b
if
a
cial
PV
s
y
s
tem
,
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
PV
p
an
el
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
(
p
o
r
tr
ait
o
r
lan
d
s
ca
p
e)
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
alig
n
s
clo
s
ely
with
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
[
3
0
]
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
GC
R
o
f
0
.
2
to
m
a
x
im
ize
b
o
th
en
er
g
y
g
en
e
r
atio
n
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
etu
r
n
s
.
No
n
eth
eless
,
ac
r
o
s
s
all
alb
ed
o
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
ex
h
ib
its
a
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
h
ig
h
e
r
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
th
an
t
h
e
p
o
r
t
r
ait
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
y
s
tem
wh
en
b
o
th
ar
e
o
p
tim
ized
to
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
GC
R
v
alu
es.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
ac
h
iev
es
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
with
a
r
o
w
s
p
ac
in
g
o
f
4
.
3
m
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
p
o
r
tr
ait
o
r
ien
tatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
wid
er
s
p
ac
in
g
o
f
7
.
5
m
to
m
itig
ate
in
ter
-
r
o
w
s
h
ad
in
g
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
p
ac
in
g
r
eq
u
i
r
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
p
an
els
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
ei
r
s
h
o
r
ter
p
an
el
le
n
g
th
,
wh
ic
h
m
in
im
izes
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
s
h
ad
in
g
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
lo
wer
GC
R
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
ls
a
m
ar
k
ed
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
d
ec
lin
e
in
an
n
u
al
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
as
th
e
GC
R
in
c
r
ea
s
es
f
o
r
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
r
aisi
n
g
th
e
GC
R
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
0
to
0
.
2
2
r
ed
u
ce
s
a
n
n
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
0
.
6
9
%,
wh
ile
f
u
r
th
er
in
cr
em
en
ts
f
r
o
m
0
.
2
2
to
0
.
3
0
an
d
0
.
3
0
to
0
.
4
0
r
esu
lt
in
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
o
f
1
.
1
0
%
an
d
1
.
7
1
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
No
tab
ly
,
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
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GC
R
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o
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5
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a
s
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o
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h
ig
h
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h
tin
g
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o
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lin
ea
r
r
elat
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s
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ip
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R
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d
en
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y
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er
f
o
r
m
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ce
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ia
l
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s
y
s
t
em
s
.
T
h
is
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
s
u
g
g
ests
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at
s
h
a
d
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g
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d
r
ea
r
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id
e
ir
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ad
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lo
s
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ten
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d
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p
r
o
p
o
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tio
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tely
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ig
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er
GC
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A
s
tu
d
y
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n
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
an
d
en
er
g
y
o
f
b
if
ac
ial
P
V
s
y
s
tem
s
[
3
1
]
s
h
o
wed
th
at
b
o
th
en
er
g
y
y
ield
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
en
ef
its
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
wi
t
h
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
GC
R
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an
d
th
e
m
a
r
g
in
al
r
ed
u
ctio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
less
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
in
h
ig
h
GC
R
r
eg
im
es (
e.
g
.
,
GC
R
>0
.
3
0
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2058
-
2
0
6
9
2066
3
.
4
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B
if
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o
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m
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ce
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ic
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e
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t
ag
e
in
cr
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e
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ef
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ec
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ce
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s
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u
ctio
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)
o
f
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y
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tem
s
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m
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o
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ial
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u
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ter
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ar
ts
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c
o
u
n
tin
g
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o
th
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lan
e
o
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ar
r
ay
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POA)
f
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n
t
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ad
ia
n
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d
POA
r
ea
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ir
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ad
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s
ted
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y
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iality
f
ac
t
o
r
(
)
.
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h
is
g
ain
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
b
if
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ial
PV
p
an
els
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h
ar
n
ess
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
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cid
en
t
o
n
b
o
th
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
an
d
r
ea
r
s
u
r
f
ac
es,
th
er
eb
y
au
g
m
en
tin
g
to
tal
en
er
g
y
y
ield
.
T
h
is
m
etr
ic
is
p
iv
o
ta
l
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
b
if
ac
ial
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
as
it
q
u
an
tifie
s
t
h
e
s
y
n
er
g
is
tic
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
alb
ed
o
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s
y
s
tem
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
an
d
s
ite
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
As
d
elin
ea
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
,
cr
itical
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
s
ite
alb
ed
o
,
GC
R
,
tilt
an
g
l
e,
g
r
o
u
n
d
co
v
er
ag
e
h
eig
h
t,
a
n
d
r
o
w
s
p
a
cin
g
.
Fo
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
o
p
ti
m
ized
with
a
b
if
ac
iality
f
ac
to
r
o
f
0
.
7
,
th
e
p
o
r
tr
ait
-
o
r
ien
ted
PV
b
if
ac
ial
s
y
s
tem
ex
h
ib
its
h
ig
h
er
P
OA
f
r
o
n
t
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
th
an
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
y
s
tem
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
b
y
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
r
ee
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
d
ay
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
i
en
ted
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
ac
h
iev
es
g
r
ea
ter
POA
r
ea
r
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
tr
an
s
i
en
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
,
th
e
an
n
u
a
l
b
i
f
ac
ial
g
ain
f
o
r
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ien
te
d
s
y
s
tem
(
1
8
.
6
4
%)
s
lig
h
tly
ex
ce
ed
s
th
at
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
tr
ait
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
y
s
tem
(
1
8
.
2
3
%),
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
m
ar
g
in
al
l
o
n
g
-
te
r
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
d
is
p
ar
ity
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
ta
tio
n
r
e
d
u
ce
d
in
ter
-
r
o
w
s
h
ad
in
g
an
d
en
h
an
c
ed
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
ca
p
t
u
r
e
,
attr
ib
u
tab
le
to
its
s
h
o
r
ter
PV
p
an
el
len
g
th
an
d
l
o
wer
r
o
w
s
p
ac
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
in
lo
w
-
latitu
d
e
r
eg
io
n
s
[
3
2
]
,
wh
ich
r
ep
o
r
t
b
if
ac
ial
g
ai
n
s
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
0
%
to
3
0
%,
co
n
tin
g
en
t
o
n
s
ite
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
ar
iab
les
s
u
ch
as
g
r
o
u
n
d
alb
e
d
o
,
in
s
tallatio
n
h
eig
h
t,
an
d
s
h
ad
in
g
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
g
ain
s
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
all
with
in
th
is
r
an
g
e,
f
u
r
th
er
v
ali
d
atin
g
th
e
in
ter
p
lay
b
etwe
en
d
esig
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
in
co
astal tr
o
p
ical
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Op
tim
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
P
o
r
t
r
a
i
t
-
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
La
n
d
sc
a
p
e
-
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
A
z
i
m
u
t
h
S
o
u
t
h
(
1
8
0
)
S
o
u
t
h
(
1
8
0
)
G
r
o
u
n
d
a
l
b
e
d
o
(
ρ
g
)
W
h
i
t
e
d
r
y
sa
n
d
s (
0.
36)
W
h
i
t
e
d
r
y
sa
n
d
s (
0.
36)
Ti
l
t
a
n
g
l
e
(
β
)
6
.
5
3
.
5
G
r
o
u
n
d
c
l
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
h
e
i
g
h
t
(
H
)
2
.
9
m
2
.
0
m
G
C
R
0
.
2
2
0
.
2
2
R
o
w
s
p
a
c
i
n
g
(
D
)
7
.
5
m
4
.
3
m
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
POA
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
an
d
b
if
ac
ial
g
ain
: (
a)
p
o
r
t
r
ait
o
r
ien
tatio
n
an
d
(
b
)
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
v
alu
ates
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
b
if
ac
ial
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltai
c
s
y
s
tem
s
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
s
o
il
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
in
s
tallatio
n
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
in
a
n
ea
r
-
eq
u
ato
r
ial
co
astal
r
eg
io
n
o
f
T
em
aj
u
k
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
B
y
an
aly
zin
g
an
n
u
al
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
b
i
f
ac
ial
g
ain
,
th
is
wo
r
k
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
b
if
ac
ial
PV
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
in
lo
w
-
latitu
d
e
co
astal
zo
n
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
e
v
ea
l
th
at
o
p
tim
al
b
if
ac
ial
PV
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
in
s
u
ch
r
e
g
io
n
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
l
y
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
s
o
il
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
in
s
tallatio
n
o
r
ien
tat
io
n
s
.
C
r
itical
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
s
u
ch
as
tilt
an
g
le,
g
r
o
u
n
d
clea
r
an
ce
h
ei
g
h
t
,
GC
R
,
an
d
r
o
w
s
p
ac
in
g
,
also
af
f
ec
t
an
n
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
b
if
ac
ial
g
ai
n
.
Un
d
er
o
p
tim
ized
p
ar
am
eter
s
a
n
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est alb
ed
o
s
u
b
s
tr
ates (
wh
ite
d
r
y
s
an
d
s
)
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
E
n
erg
y
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f b
ifa
cia
l
p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
s
ystems
o
n
d
iffer
en
t so
ils
a
n
d
o
r
ien
ta
tio
n
s
…
(
A
y
o
n
g
Hien
d
r
o
)
2067
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
-
o
r
ien
te
d
b
if
ac
ial
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
ex
h
ib
ited
a
0
.
7
0
%
h
ig
h
er
an
n
u
al
en
er
g
y
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u
tp
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t
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d
an
1
8
.
6
4
%
b
if
ac
ial
g
ain
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
p
o
r
tr
ait
-
o
r
ien
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
p
ar
ity
is
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
i
en
tatio
n
'
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
r
ea
r
-
s
id
e
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
ter
-
r
o
w
s
h
ad
i
n
g
,
wh
ich
ar
e
d
i
r
ec
t
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
its
s
h
o
r
ter
p
an
e
l
len
g
th
an
d
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
in
r
o
w
s
p
ac
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
ity
o
f
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
f
o
r
b
if
a
cial
PV
in
s
tallatio
n
s
in
lo
w
-
la
titu
d
e
co
astal
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
g
lo
b
al
tr
en
d
s
in
b
if
ac
i
al
PV
o
p
tim
izatio
n
b
u
t
em
p
h
asize
th
e
cr
itical
in
f
lu
en
c
e
o
f
m
icr
o
clim
atic
f
ac
to
r
s
in
tr
o
p
ical
co
astal
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
p
o
s
s
ess
e
s
in
h
er
en
t
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
a
n
aly
s
is
is
ess
en
tial.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
ac
ilit
ates
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
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RE
F
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R
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
S
.
G
h
a
f
i
r
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M
.
D
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.
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b
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.
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3
]
M
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f
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EEE
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4
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A
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.
[
5
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R
.
A
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smai
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3
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me
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,
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Ph
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.
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