I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
4
~
1
5
8
0
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
7
.
i
3
.
p
p
1
5
6
4
-
1
5
8
0
1564
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
H
y
brid ac
tive fil
t
er c
o
ntrol
for ha
r
mo
nic reduc
tion i
n qua
dra
tic
bo
o
st
co
nv
erte
r
-
i
ntegra
ted
g
rid
sy
stems
S.
Venk
a
t
a
Ra
m
a
na
R
a
o
,
M
a
hib
a
n L
in
ds
a
y
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
H
i
n
d
u
s
t
a
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
2
4
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
J
u
l 3
0
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Au
g
1
4
,
2
0
2
6
Th
is
a
rti
c
le
e
x
a
m
in
e
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
-
in
teg
ra
l
(P
I)
a
n
d
fra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
-
o
r
d
e
r
p
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
-
i
n
teg
ra
l
-
d
e
riv
a
ti
v
e
(F
OPID)
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
rs
fo
r
a
q
u
a
si
-
b
u
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
rter
-
h
y
b
r
id
a
c
ti
v
e
fil
ter
(QBC
-
HA
F
)
to
imp
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
su
p
p
re
ss
io
n
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
o
f
a
h
y
b
ri
d
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
sy
ste
m
(HES
S
)
fe
d
to
th
e
g
ri
d
.
Th
is
sy
ste
m
u
se
s
a
h
i
g
h
-
g
a
in
QBC
,
w
h
ich
is
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
t
o
a
VSI
to
c
o
n
tro
l
t
h
e
DC
-
li
n
k
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
t
o
a
ll
o
w
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
e
n
e
rg
y
tra
n
sfe
r
fro
m
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
a
n
d
b
a
tt
e
ry
so
u
rc
e
s.
A
M
ATLAB/
S
imu
li
n
k
tes
t
b
e
d
a
n
d
h
a
rd
wa
re
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
we
re
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
to
v
a
li
d
a
te
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
th
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
sta
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
q
u
a
li
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
wa
v
e
fo
rm
s
fo
r
b
o
t
h
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
rs,
wit
h
th
e
F
OPI
D
p
ro
v
i
d
in
g
b
e
tt
e
r
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
su
p
p
re
ss
io
n
,
re
d
u
c
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
rre
n
t
t
o
tal
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
isto
r
ti
o
n
(
THD
)
fro
m
4
.
3
4
%
t
o
4
.
1
4
%
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
THD fr
o
m
4
.
7
5
%
to
4
.
4
2
%
.
T
h
e
sim
u
lati
o
n
re
su
lt
s
we
re
v
a
li
d
a
ted
u
sin
g
e
x
p
e
rime
n
ta
l
tes
ts,
sh
o
win
g
t
h
a
t
th
e
F
OPID
-
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
QBC
-
HA
F
sy
ste
m
is
su
it
a
b
le
fo
r
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
t
y
imp
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sta
b
il
iza
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ic p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
re
n
e
wa
b
le i
n
te
g
ra
ted
g
r
i
d
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Fra
ctio
n
al
-
o
r
d
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
teg
r
al
-
d
er
iv
ati
v
e
Hy
b
r
id
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
Po
wer
q
u
ality
Qu
ad
r
atic
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
te
r
T
o
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
S.
Ven
k
ata
R
am
an
a
R
ao
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Hin
d
u
s
tan
Un
iv
er
s
ity
R
ajiv
Gan
d
h
i Sala
i,
OM
R
,
Pa
d
u
r
,
C
h
en
n
ai,
T
am
il Na
d
u
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
v
r
am
an
o
r
@
h
in
d
u
s
tan
u
n
iv
.
ac
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Po
wer
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
n
o
w
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
as
m
o
d
er
n
p
o
wer
g
r
id
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
th
e
g
r
id
.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
f
ac
ed
a
lo
t
o
f
ch
allen
g
e
s
in
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
to
g
r
id
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
tab
ilit
y
,
lo
s
s
o
f
p
o
wer
q
u
ali
ty
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
an
d
m
u
c
h
m
o
r
e
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
is
s
u
es
,
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
ested
,
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
al
y
s
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
;
f
o
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
ad
a
p
tiv
e
n
eu
r
o
-
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
ANFI
S
)
an
d
in
cr
em
e
n
tal
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
(
I
C
)
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
s
in
s
u
p
p
r
ess
in
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
with
in
a
g
r
id
-
tied
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltai
c
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
C
SI
)
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
VSI
)
in
p
ar
allel
,
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
,
h
as
also
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
[
2
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
in
ter
m
itten
cy
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
les
an
d
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
with
th
e
g
r
id
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
(
HE
SS
)
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
[
3
]
.
New
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
e
v
iab
ilit
y
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
b
atter
ies
an
d
s
u
p
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
f
o
r
lo
n
g
er
o
p
er
atio
n
s
in
n
an
o
s
atellite
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
e
r
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
ten
s
i
v
ely
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
tab
ilizin
g
s
ev
er
al
ar
ea
s
o
f
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
with
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
in
s
o
lar
p
la
n
ts
[
6
]
,
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
er
s
[
7
]
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
p
o
wer
f
ilter
s
[
8
]
.
No
n
lin
ea
r
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
–
in
teg
r
al
(
NFOPI)
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t f
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
[
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hyb
r
id
a
ctive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
h
a
r
mo
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
q
u
a
d
r
a
tic
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
S
.
V
en
ka
ta
R
a
ma
n
a
R
a
o
)
1565
Har
m
o
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
ca
s
ca
d
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
h
av
e
b
ee
n
well
s
tu
d
ie
d
[
1
0
]
an
d
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
-
g
ai
n
q
u
ad
r
atic
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
o
f
f
er
s
im
p
r
o
v
ed
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
[
1
1
]
.
An
o
p
tim
izatio
n
-
b
ased
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
–
in
teg
r
al
–
d
er
i
v
ativ
e
(
FOPID)
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
p
o
wer
f
a
cto
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
tific
atio
n
in
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
1
2
]
,
an
d
a
h
y
b
r
id
f
u
zz
y
-
s
eismic
co
n
tr
o
l f
r
am
ewo
r
k
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
y
n
am
ic
s
tab
ilit
y
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
win
d
en
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
tem
is
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
wh
e
r
e
o
p
tim
al
tu
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
g
o
ld
en
ea
g
le
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
te
d
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
tatic
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
(
DSTA
T
C
OM
)
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
f
ilter
(
HAPF)
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
r
e
d
u
cin
g
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD
)
an
d
r
eg
u
latin
g
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
in
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
u
n
if
ied
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
co
n
d
itio
n
er
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
m
ic
r
o
g
r
i
d
[
1
6
]
,
an
d
m
o
d
u
lar
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
PV
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
an
d
d
u
al
u
n
i
f
ied
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
co
n
d
itio
n
er
(
UPQC
)
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
o
d
eled
u
s
in
g
s
m
all
-
s
ig
n
al
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
i
ch
led
to
a
d
etailed
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
8
]
,
an
d
d
u
al
u
n
if
ied
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
co
n
d
itio
n
er
–
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
UPQC
–
PV)
s
y
s
tem
s
with
n
o
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
o
d
eled
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
-
Su
g
en
o
m
eth
o
d
s
[
1
9
]
.
Stan
d
-
alo
n
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
with
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
UPQC
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
o
b
s
er
v
er
s
[
2
0
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
ts
o
f
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
p
o
wer
q
u
alit
y
is
s
u
es
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
[
2
1
]
,
r
en
ewa
b
le
-
in
teg
r
ated
UAPF
-
f
ed
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
s
wer
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
p
o
wer
f
l
o
w
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
2
2
]
.
C
ase
s
tu
d
ies
also
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
v
ital
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
in
to
d
ay
'
s
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
3
]
.
Ar
tific
ial
I
n
tellig
en
ce
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
,
s
u
ch
as
an
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
AN
N
)
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ased
UPQC
s
y
s
tem
,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
ee
n
as
a
g
r
ea
t
m
eth
o
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
PV
-
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
4
]
.
J
elly
f
is
h
s
ea
r
ch
a
n
d
p
a
r
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
tu
n
e
a
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
co
n
d
itio
n
er
s
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
em
p
h
asize
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
c
r
ea
tiv
e
d
esig
n
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
,
s
y
n
er
g
ies
b
etw
ee
n
h
y
b
r
id
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
in
tellig
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
to
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
r
eliab
le,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
F
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
was
id
e
n
tifie
d
,
an
d
t
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
in
v
esti
g
ated
eith
er
q
u
asi
-
b
u
ck
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
(
QB
C
s
)
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
s
(
HAFs
)
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tly
;
th
is
w
o
r
k
p
r
esen
ts
an
in
teg
r
ated
QB
C
–
HAF
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
r
eg
u
lat
ed
b
y
PI
an
d
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
latio
n
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
i
n
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
R
E
S
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
im
p
r
o
v
ed
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
m
itig
atio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
HAF
is
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
l
o
ad
s
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
elp
s
to
d
y
n
am
ic
ally
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
we
r
f
ac
to
r
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
m
ak
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
c
o
m
p
en
s
atio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
it
io
n
to
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
th
e
f
ilter
s
er
v
es
m
u
ltip
le
g
r
id
s
tab
ilit
y
u
s
es.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
d
am
p
en
in
g
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
th
at
co
u
l
d
o
th
e
r
wis
e
s
tr
ess
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
an
d
d
estab
ilize
th
e
g
r
id
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
f
ilter
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
is
d
esig
n
b
etter
av
o
id
s
wastin
g
en
e
r
g
y
,
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
s
u
p
p
ly
o
f
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
f
ilter
'
s
ab
ilit
y
t
o
s
m
o
o
t
h
p
ea
k
v
o
ltag
e
m
ak
e
s
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
b
y
s
h
r
in
k
in
g
th
e
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
with
p
ea
k
s
.
T
h
is
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
co
n
tr
o
l
at
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
lin
g
h
el
p
s
in
teg
r
ate
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Mo
d
er
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
o
wer
g
r
id
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
v
ar
io
u
s
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
s
lik
e
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
es
(
VSDs
)
,
lig
h
t
-
e
m
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
LED
)
lig
h
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
e
q
u
ip
m
en
t.
T
h
ese
d
ev
ices
ca
u
s
e
lar
g
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
ts
th
at
r
esu
lt
in
wav
ef
o
r
m
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t.
S
u
ch
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
to
o
v
er
h
ea
t,
tr
ip
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
,
a
n
d
ca
u
s
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ag
ein
g
o
f
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
Dis
to
r
ted
p
o
wer
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
esp
ec
ially
h
ar
m
f
u
l
to
s
en
s
itiv
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices
an
d
m
ay
ca
u
s
e
th
em
to
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
o
r
ev
e
n
b
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
tly
d
estro
y
e
d
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ess
,
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
h
av
e
o
th
er
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
i
cien
cy
,
s
u
ch
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
d
em
an
d
an
d
in
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
l
e
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
T
o
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
HAF
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
in
im
ize
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
en
h
an
ce
th
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
a
n
d
k
ee
p
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
o
wer
n
etwo
r
k
in
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
b
o
th
p
ass
iv
e
an
d
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
in
g
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
as
in
v
esti
g
ated
DC
–
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
s
with
m
ax
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
an
d
HAF
f
o
r
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
lim
ited
atten
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
g
iv
en
to
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ated
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
a
QB
C
with
an
HAF
u
n
d
er
a
d
v
an
ce
d
clo
s
e
d
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l.
E
x
is
tin
g
wo
r
k
s
m
ain
ly
f
o
cu
s
o
n
co
n
v
er
ter
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
m
itig
atio
n
s
ep
ar
ate
ly
,
wh
ile
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
i
es
co
m
b
in
in
g
b
o
th
o
b
jectiv
es
ar
e
s
ca
r
ce
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
b
etwe
en
PI
an
d
FOPID
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
f
o
r
QB
C
–
HAF
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
n
o
t b
ee
n
a
d
eq
u
ately
r
e
p
o
r
te
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1564
-
1
5
8
0
1566
2.
SYST
E
M
DE
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
B
lo
c
k
d
ia
g
ra
m
o
f
t
he
P
I
/FO
P
I
D
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p c
o
ntr
o
l sy
s
t
em
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
b
l
o
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
QB
C
-
f
e
d
HAF
s
y
s
te
m
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
is
m
o
d
e
le
d
i
n
cl
o
s
ed
l
o
o
p
t
o
r
e
g
u
la
te
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e.
T
h
e
P
I
co
n
t
r
o
ll
e
r
r
eg
u
l
ates th
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lt
a
g
e
to
tr
ac
k
its
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
a
n
d
i
n
t
eg
r
al
ac
t
io
n
s
,
w
h
il
e
th
e
F
OPI
D
c
o
n
t
r
o
ll
e
r
ad
d
s
f
r
a
cti
o
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
t
er
m
s
f
o
r
b
et
te
r
f
l
ex
ib
ilit
y
in
s
h
a
p
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
an
d
a
cc
u
r
a
cy
.
B
o
th
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
er
s
u
s
e
DC
-
l
in
k
v
o
lt
ag
e
f
e
ed
b
a
c
k
t
o
g
en
er
at
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als f
o
r
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
PI/FOPI
D
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
2
.
2
.
Circ
uit
s
chem
a
t
ic
o
f
t
he
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
P
I
/FO
P
I
D
co
ntr
o
l sy
s
t
em
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
it
s
c
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
o
f
t
h
e
cl
o
s
e
d
-
l
o
o
p
P
I
/FO
P
I
D
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
l
y
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
s
th
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
al
s
y
s
tem
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
p
u
t
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
th
is
er
r
o
r
,
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
twea
k
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
u
tp
u
t
m
o
v
es
t
o
war
d
s
th
e
p
r
e
-
s
et
v
alu
e.
T
h
is
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
h
elp
s
m
ain
tain
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
in
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ir
cu
it
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
PI/FOPI
D
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
2
.
3
.
Circ
uit
s
chem
a
t
ic
o
f
Q
B
C
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
QB
C
with
a
h
ig
h
-
g
ain
,
s
tep
-
u
p
co
n
v
e
r
ter
tar
g
etin
g
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
lar
g
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
b
o
o
s
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QB
C
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
s
in
g
l
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
witch
in
g
m
etal
-
o
x
id
e
-
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
f
i
eld
-
ef
f
ec
t
tr
a
n
s
is
to
r
(
MO
SF
E
T
)
(
M1
)
,
c
o
m
p
r
is
in
g
a
d
u
al
-
in
d
u
cto
r
,
d
u
al
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hyb
r
id
a
ctive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
h
a
r
mo
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
q
u
a
d
r
a
tic
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
S
.
V
en
ka
ta
R
a
ma
n
a
R
a
o
)
1567
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
th
r
ee
-
d
io
d
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
u
ty
c
y
cle,
d
e
n
o
ted
b
y
(
K)
,
g
o
v
e
r
n
s
th
e
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
in
ter
v
al
o
f
th
e
s
witch
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
r
atio
.
T
h
e
QB
C
,
o
p
er
atin
g
in
u
n
i
n
ter
r
u
p
ted
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e,
o
f
f
er
s
a
s
q
u
ar
e
-
wav
e
v
o
ltag
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
atio
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
cr
ea
s
ed
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
g
ain
r
elativ
e
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
QB
C
m
ak
es
it
h
ig
h
ly
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
b
atter
y
-
in
teg
r
ate
d
an
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
r
eliab
le
elev
ated
v
o
ltag
e
DC
lin
k
f
o
r
g
r
id
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
t
o
g
g
les
b
etwe
en
two
d
is
tin
ct
m
o
d
es
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tate
o
f
th
e
MO
S
FET
s
witch
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
o
d
e,
with
th
e
MO
S
FET
s
witch
in
th
e
o
n
s
tate,
en
ab
les
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
to
ch
ar
g
e
wh
ile
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
to
th
e
lo
ad
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
e,
th
e
o
n
s
tate
o
f
th
e
s
witch
i
s
r
ev
er
s
ed
,
an
d
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
r
e
lease
th
eir
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
io
d
es
to
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
l
o
ad
an
d
ch
ar
g
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QB
C
cir
cu
it is
co
m
p
ac
t a
n
d
id
ea
l
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
o
t
h
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
2
.
3
.
1
.
F
irst
o
pera
t
ing
m
o
d
e
o
f
Q
B
C
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QB
C
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e.
W
h
en
th
e
m
ain
s
witch
M1
is
en
er
g
iz
ed
,
d
io
d
es
D1
an
d
D
3
b
ec
o
m
e
r
ev
e
r
s
e
-
b
iased
,
wh
ile
d
io
d
e
D2
co
n
d
u
cts.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
is
in
ter
v
al
,
in
d
u
cto
r
L
1
s
to
r
es
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
.
W
h
er
ea
s
en
er
g
y
is
s
to
r
ed
in
in
d
u
cto
r
L
2
b
y
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
1
.
Simu
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
th
e
lo
ad
is
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
2
,
r
e
s
u
ltin
g
in
a
s
lig
h
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
its
v
o
ltag
e.
(
∆I
L1
)
On
=
1
(
1
)
(
∆I
L2
)
On
=
V
S
K
T
L
1
(
2
)
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
f
lo
win
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
y
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
.
(I
C1
)
On
=
-
I
L2
(
3
)
(I
C2
)
On
=
-
I
0
(
4
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ir
cu
it sch
em
atic
o
f
QB
C
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
QB
C
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
SW
s
witch
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
2
.
3
.
2
.
Seco
nd
o
pera
t
ing
mo
de
o
f
Q
B
C
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QB
C
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
p
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
e.
W
h
en
th
e
M1
s
witch
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
,
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
in
d
u
ct
o
r
s
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
i
o
d
es
D1
an
d
D3
to
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
C
1
an
d
C
2
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
.
I
n
d
u
cto
r
L
1
tr
an
s
f
er
s
e
n
er
g
y
to
L
2
,
wh
er
ea
s
L
2
s
u
p
p
li
es
p
o
wer
d
ir
ec
tly
to
th
e
lo
ad
.
Du
r
in
g
th
is
in
ter
v
al,
b
o
th
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
c
h
ar
g
e
d
,
wh
ile
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
v
o
ltag
es
r
e
v
er
s
e
p
o
lar
ity
as
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
(
∆I
L1
)
Off =
V
s
-
V
C1
(
1
-
K
)
T
L
1
(
5
)
(
∆I
L2
)
Off =
V
C1
-
V
0
(
1
-
K
)
T
L
2
(
6
)
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
ef
f
icien
cy
is
ev
alu
ated
as (
7
)
.
=
×
100%
(
7
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1564
-
1
5
8
0
1568
W
h
er
e
Pl
oss
=
P
_
{
M
OS
F
E
T
}
+
P
_
{
Diode
}
+
P
_
{
Ind
uc
tor
}
+
P
_
{
C
a
pa
c
itor
}
.
T
h
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
n
o
w
d
is
cu
s
s
es c
o
n
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es o
f
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
t
o
g
eth
er
with
d
io
d
e
c
o
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
es a
n
d
p
ass
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
esti
m
a
ted
co
n
v
er
ter
e
f
f
icien
cy
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
9
5
–
9
7
%,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
-
en
er
g
y
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
-
J
u
s
tific
atio
n
with
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
esig
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
h
ig
h
-
g
ai
n
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
QB
C
an
d
n
o
t
th
e
g
r
id
R
MS
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
v
o
ltag
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
ig
h
-
g
ai
n
q
u
a
d
r
atic
b
o
o
s
t to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
v
o
ltag
e
g
a
in
s
ar
e
as in
(
8
)
,
wh
er
e
D
d
e
n
o
tes th
e
d
u
ty
r
atio
.
=
=
1
(
1
−
)
2
(
8
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
QB
C
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
s
witch
SW
n
o
n
-
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
3.
SI
M
UL
A
T
E
D
P
E
RF
O
R
M
A
NCE ANA
L
YS
I
S
3
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
chem
a
t
ic
o
f
Q
B
C
-
H
AF
us
i
ng
a
P
I
co
ntr
o
ll
er
in
M
A
T
L
A
B
/S
im
uli
nk
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
QB
C
-
HAF
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
a
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
PI
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
e
g
u
lates
th
e
s
witch
in
g
ac
tio
n
to
m
ain
tain
a
s
tab
le
h
ig
h
-
g
ain
o
u
tp
u
t
e
v
en
d
u
r
in
g
l
o
ad
-
s
id
e
o
r
s
u
p
p
ly
-
s
id
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
ad
r
atic
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
with
HAF,
with
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
im
u
latio
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
ta
b
le
in
clu
d
es
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
ain
s
,
p
ass
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
v
alu
es,
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ice
r
ati
n
g
s
,
an
d
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sy
s
tem
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
QB
C
-
HA
F u
s
in
g
a
PI
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hyb
r
id
a
ctive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
h
a
r
mo
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
q
u
a
d
r
a
tic
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
S
.
V
en
ka
ta
R
a
ma
n
a
R
a
o
)
1569
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QB
C
an
d
HAF
s
y
s
tem
s
im
u
latio
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
K
p
0
.
5
C
4
1
0
0
µF
K
1
1
.
5
L
4
50
mH
K
D
0
.
0
1
8
M
O
S
F
ET
(
I
R
F
8
4
0
)
5
0
0
V
/
8
A
K
ʎ
1
D
i
o
d
e
2
3
0
V
/
1
A
C
1
5
0
0
µF
Lo
a
d
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
(
R
o)
2
0
0
Ω
L
1
5
.
0
mH
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
f
s)
5
K
H
z
C
2
10
µF
S
a
mp
l
i
n
g
t
i
me
1
µs
L
2
1
.
5
mH
P
V
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
48
V
C
3
20
µF
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
24
V
L
3
10
mH
3
.
1
.
1
.
O
utput
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
f
P
I
c
o
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
is
ar
o
u
n
d
4
6
0
0
V,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
o
p
er
ate
at
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
with
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
is
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
m
in
im
ized
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QB
C
-
HA
F
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
y
,
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
ea
r
ly
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
r
o
f
ile.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
h
o
wca
s
es
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
a
p
p
l
icatio
n
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
its
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
h
an
ce
d
p
o
wer
q
u
a
lity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
O
utput
v
o
lt
a
g
e
T
H
D
o
f
P
I
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
T
HD
o
f
t
h
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
is
ar
o
u
n
d
4
.
7
5
%.
T
h
is
lev
el
o
f
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
t
h
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
well
b
u
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
c
o
m
p
letely
r
em
o
v
e
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
er
T
HD
p
o
in
ts
o
u
t th
e
ch
allen
g
es o
f
PI
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
,
lik
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
b
etter
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ou
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Ou
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
T
HD
o
f
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1564
-
1
5
8
0
1570
3
.
1
.
3
.
O
utput
curr
ent
o
f
P
I
c
o
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
wit
h
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
in
t
h
e
PI
m
o
d
e,
wh
er
e
an
a
v
er
ag
e
lo
ad
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
1
3
.
2
A
is
s
u
p
p
lied
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
e
m
a
in
s
co
n
s
is
ten
t
ev
en
u
n
d
er
lo
ad
,
as
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
is
s
tead
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
eliv
er
y
.
T
h
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
,
h
o
we
v
er
,
also
r
ev
ea
ls
s
o
m
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
lim
itati
o
n
s
,
an
d
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
.
3
.
1
.
4
.
O
utput
curr
ent
T
H
D
o
f
P
I
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
T
HD
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
,
wh
ich
is
ar
o
u
n
d
4
.
3
4
%.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
b
etter
wav
e
f
o
r
m
q
u
ality
o
b
tain
ed
with
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
ac
t
iv
e
f
ilter
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
l
o
wer
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
at
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
PI
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
l
o
wer
T
HD
v
al
u
e
f
u
r
th
er
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
a
n
d
e
n
h
an
c
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
in
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Ou
t
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Ou
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
T
HD
o
f
PI
co
n
t
r
o
ller
3
.
1
.
5
.
Rea
l
p
o
wer
o
f
P
I
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
r
ea
l‑
p
o
wer
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
as
d
ep
i
cted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
,
i
n
d
icate
s
a
d
eliv
er
ed
p
o
wer
o
f
ab
o
u
t
8
.
3
2
5
MW.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
r
e
f
lects
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
ll
er
'
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w,
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
ab
le
to
s
u
p
p
ly
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
lo
ad
u
n
d
er
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
PI
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
r
ea
l
p
o
we
r
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
is
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le,
it
co
u
ld
s
till
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
h
ig
h
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
;
th
u
s
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
d
v
an
ce
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ellin
g
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
o
v
er
all
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hyb
r
id
a
ctive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
h
a
r
mo
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
q
u
a
d
r
a
tic
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
S
.
V
en
ka
ta
R
a
ma
n
a
R
a
o
)
1571
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
R
ea
l
p
o
wer
o
f
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
3
.
1
.
6
.
Rea
ct
iv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
P
I
c
o
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
p
r
o
f
ile
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
r
e
v
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
is
ab
o
u
t
3
.
9
8
MV
AR
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
co
n
tr
o
l
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
k
ee
p
th
e
p
o
wer
‑
q
u
ality
in
d
ices
with
in
th
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
an
g
e.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tead
y
r
ea
cti
v
e‑
p
o
we
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QB
C
‑
HA
F
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
in
d
y
n
am
ically
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
d
em
a
n
d
,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
tr
ess
o
n
th
e
g
r
id
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
3
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
chem
a
t
ic
o
f
Q
B
C
-
H
AF
us
i
ng
F
O
P
I
D
co
ntr
o
ller
us
ing
M
A
T
L
AB
/Si
m
uli
nk
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
QB
C
s
y
s
tem
co
u
p
led
with
th
e
HAF
th
at
is
r
eg
u
lated
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
cl
o
s
ed
‑
lo
o
p
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
.
Usi
n
g
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
co
n
tr
o
l
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
s
o
th
at
it
is
ab
le
to
r
ea
ch
an
d
m
ain
tain
s
tead
y
-
s
t
ate
v
alu
es
with
g
r
ea
te
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
a
tr
ad
it
io
n
al
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
wh
e
n
u
s
in
g
a
F
OPI
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
b
eh
av
i
o
r
o
f
v
o
lts
-
o
v
er
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
o
p
e
r
atin
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ca
n
b
e
s
h
a
p
ed
i
n
a
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
le
way
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
en
s
u
r
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
w
h
ile
ad
ju
s
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
th
at
th
e
QB
C
-
HA
F
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
f
er
s
to
en
h
an
ce
p
o
we
r
q
u
ality
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
s
y
s
tem
r
e
liab
ilit
y
in
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
R
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
o
f
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Sy
s
tem
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
QB
C
-
HAF
u
s
in
g
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
1564
-
1
5
8
0
1572
3
.
2
.
1
.
O
utput
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
f
F
O
P
I
D
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
in
s
tan
tan
e
o
u
s
wav
ef
o
r
m
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
ab
o
u
t
4
6
0
0
V.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
r
u
n
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
with
s
tab
le
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
f
ile
is
clo
s
e
to
s
in
u
s
o
id
al,
wh
ich
f
u
r
th
er
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
,
th
u
s
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QB
C
-
HA
F c
o
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
Ou
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
t
h
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
3
.
2
.
2
.
Sp
ec
t
ra
l
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
o
utput
v
o
lt
a
g
e
bef
o
re
m
it
ig
a
t
io
n us
ing
t
he
F
O
P
I
D
co
ntr
o
ller
B
ef
o
r
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wa
s
an
aly
ze
d
s
p
ec
tr
ally
,
a
n
d
th
e
T
HD
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
as
9
.
2
2
%
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
d
is
to
r
tio
n
lev
el
r
e
v
ea
ls
th
e
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
ef
o
r
e
f
ilter
in
g
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
g
iv
es
a
b
aselin
e
co
n
d
i
tio
n
o
n
wh
ich
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
Sp
ec
tr
al
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
b
ef
o
r
e
m
itig
atio
n
3
.
2
.
3
.
Sp
ec
t
ra
l
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
o
utput
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
f
t
er
m
it
i
g
a
t
io
n us
ing
t
he
F
O
P
I
D
co
ntr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
p
ec
t
r
al
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
af
ter
m
itig
atio
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
T
HD
is
m
in
im
ized
f
r
o
m
9
.
2
2
%
b
ef
o
r
e
m
itig
atio
n
to
4
.
4
2
%
af
ter
m
itig
atio
n
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
itig
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
e
f
o
r
m
,
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
,
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
u
p
p
lies
an
av
er
a
g
e
lo
a
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
3
.
2
A
u
n
d
er
FOPID
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
o
p
er
a
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Hyb
r
id
a
ctive
filt
er c
o
n
tr
o
l fo
r
h
a
r
mo
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
q
u
a
d
r
a
tic
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
S
.
V
en
ka
ta
R
a
ma
n
a
R
a
o
)
1573
3
.
2
.
4
.
O
utput
curr
ent
o
f
F
O
P
I
D
co
ntr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
f
o
r
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
at
ar
o
u
n
d
1
3
.
2
A
u
n
d
e
r
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
th
is
cu
r
r
e
n
t
b
y
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
ller
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
q
u
alit
y
.
B
etter
wav
e
f
o
r
m
q
u
ality
a
s
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
l f
u
r
th
er
v
alid
ates th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t o
f
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
Sp
ec
tr
al
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
f
ter
m
it
ig
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
Ou
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
F
OPI
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
3
.
2
.
5
.
Sp
ec
t
ra
l
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
o
utput
curr
ent
bef
o
re
m
i
t
ig
a
t
io
n us
ing
t
he
F
O
P
I
D
c
o
ntr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
1
8
d
is
p
lay
s
an
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
ata
b
ef
o
r
e
f
ilter
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
T
HD
is
1
0
.
1
3
%.
W
ith
o
u
t
a
f
ilter
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
c
o
n
tain
s
a
d
o
m
in
an
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt will h
elp
ass
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
f
o
r
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
u
r
r
e
n
t.
3
.
2
.
6
.
Sp
ec
t
ra
l e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
o
f
t
he
o
utput
curr
ent
a
f
t
er
m
it
i
g
a
t
io
n us
ing
t
he
F
O
P
I
D
co
ntr
o
ller
Fig
u
r
e
1
9
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
af
ter
m
itig
atio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
T
HD
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
1
0
.
1
3
%
b
ef
o
r
e
m
itig
atio
n
to
4
.
1
4
%
af
ter
m
itig
atio
n
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
al
ev
alu
a
tio
n
b
etwe
en
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
T
HD
f
o
r
th
e
QB
C
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
a
HAF
u
s
in
g
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.