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g
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
PS
O
s
ch
em
es
th
at
b
alan
ce
ex
p
lo
r
ati
o
n
–
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
an
d
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
E
v
e
n
s
o
,
m
u
ch
p
r
io
r
wo
r
k
em
p
h
asize
s
ef
f
icien
cy
o
r
co
s
t
o
b
jectiv
es wh
ile
g
iv
in
g
lim
ite
d
atten
tio
n
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ali
ty
[
2
2
]
.
Six
Sig
m
a
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
,
q
u
ality
-
o
r
ien
ted
len
s
u
s
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
ch
a
r
ts
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
C
p
k
)
to
r
ed
u
ce
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
e
n
f
o
r
ce
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
[
2
3
]
.
E
m
b
ed
d
i
n
g
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alties
in
to
t
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
b
jectiv
e
—
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
ch
as
u
p
p
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lim
it
(
UC
L
)
/
lo
wer
co
n
t
r
o
l
lim
it
(
L
C
L
)
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
n
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
—
ca
n
p
u
s
h
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
b
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
ef
f
icien
t
b
u
t
also
r
eliab
le
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
ally
s
tab
le,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
g
o
als
[
2
4
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alties
with
in
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
PS
O
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
r
em
ain
s
lim
ited
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
o
s
itio
n
s
its
n
o
v
elty
in
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
s
u
ch
a
m
o
d
el
to
clo
s
e
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
p
u
r
ely
tech
n
ical
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
an
d
q
u
ality
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
,
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
-
awa
r
e,
a
n
d
I
SO 5
0
0
0
1
-
alig
n
ed
en
e
r
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
2
5
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
d
esig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
b
u
ild
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
d
elled
b
y
co
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
th
e
m
ain
lo
a
d
s
,
n
am
ely
H
VAC
,
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
m
in
im
ize
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
en
er
g
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
q
u
ali
ty
th
r
o
u
g
h
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alties.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
c
o
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
a
i
n
s
t
a
g
e
s
:
i
)
d
a
t
a
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
i
i
)
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
o
d
e
l
l
i
n
g
,
i
i
i
)
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
GA
–
PS
O
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alties,
an
d
iv
)
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
a
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
a
b
u
ild
in
g
th
at
is
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
P
L
N,
wh
ich
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
n
ex
is
tin
g
b
u
ild
in
g
o
wn
s
ev
er
al
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
C
O
2
s
en
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
co
m
f
o
r
t,
a
3
-
p
h
ase
p
o
wer
m
eter
,
an
d
Mo
d
b
u
s
R
T
U
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
k
W
h
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
an
HVAC
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
a
lig
h
tin
g
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
ev
ices
th
at
th
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi
4
u
s
es
f
o
r
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
GA
-
PS
O
an
d
Six
Sig
m
a
,
as
well
as
an
RS
-
4
8
5
Gate
way
d
ev
ice,
w
h
er
ea
s
lev
el
s
tab
ilit
y
u
s
es
elec
tr
icity
u
s
in
g
an
MCB
with
a
ty
p
e
-
s
h
ield
ed
ca
b
le
s
ep
ar
ate
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
;
all
d
ev
ices
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
h
av
e
a
lr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
an
d
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
ca
lib
r
atio
n
.
G
A
–
PS
O
+
Six
S
ig
m
a
o
p
tim
izatio
n
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ch
an
g
es
th
e
s
et
-
p
o
in
t
b
u
t
o
p
er
ate
ac
tu
atio
n
o
n
th
e
d
ev
ice
elec
tr
o
n
ics
p
o
wer
o
n
th
e
s
id
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
an
d
lo
ad
s
s
u
ch
as
L
C
L
f
ilte
r
as
s
u
p
p
ly
,
HVAC
p
u
m
p
as
b
u
r
d
en
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
d
,
a
n
d
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
as
q
u
ality
p
o
wer
.
GA
–
PS
O
m
in
im
izes
(
en
er
g
y
,
C
O
2
,
co
s
t)
wh
ile
Six
Sig
m
a
en
f
o
r
ce
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
lim
its
(
co
m
f
o
r
t
an
d
q
u
ality
)
p
o
wer
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
en
altie
s
:
C
VR
,
,
T
HD,
s
witch
in
g
lim
its
,
an
d
r
ate
-
lim
i
ts
.
As
f
o
r
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
GA
-
PS
O
+
Six
Sig
m
a
o
p
tim
izatio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
o
p
tim
izatio
n
th
at
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
GA
-
PS
O
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
as in
T
ab
le
1
.
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
an
asy
m
m
etr
ic
b
u
ild
in
g
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
.
T
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
h
o
lis
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
s
ec
to
r
u
s
in
g
GA
an
d
PS
O
o
p
tim
izatio
n
.
T
h
e
Six
Sig
m
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
also
ap
p
lied
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
,
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
n
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Asy
m
m
etr
ic
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
u
s
in
g
GA
-
PS
O
an
d
Six
Sig
m
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
6
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4
Op
timiz
a
tio
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f h
yb
r
id
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P
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b
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ed
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t
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ix
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ig
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ti K
u
s
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2261
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
GA
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PS
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o
p
tim
izatio
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an
d
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+
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a
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izatio
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n
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d
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a
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e
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M
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a
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f
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a
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f
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d
a
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/
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t
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d
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En
t
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p
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a
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a
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C
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A
d
d
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M
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A
d
d
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a
l
:
v
a
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_
u
p
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u
a
l
i
t
y
(
C
p
,
C
p
k
)
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
s
o
urce
s
a
nd
re
s
ea
rc
h v
a
ria
bles
T
h
e
d
ata
u
s
ed
in
clu
d
es:
i)
B
u
ild
in
g
elec
tr
icity
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
il
es
;
ii)
Ho
u
r
ly
elec
tr
icity
r
ate
s
(
tim
e
-
of
-
u
s
e
/TO
U)
f
r
o
m
PLN
; iii)
C
ar
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
f
ac
to
r
s
(
k
g
C
O
2
/k
W
h
)
; a
n
d
iv
)
E
n
er
g
y
q
u
ality
lim
its
d
ef
in
ed
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
u
p
p
er
co
n
tr
o
l
lim
it
(
UC
L
)
an
d
lo
wer
co
n
tr
o
l
li
m
it
(
L
C
L
)
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
d
ec
is
io
n
v
ar
iab
les in
clu
d
e:
i)
HVAC o
p
er
atin
g
s
ch
ed
u
le
; ii)
L
i
g
h
tin
g
i
n
ten
s
ity
; a
n
d
iii)
E
q
u
ip
m
en
t
p
o
wer
s
ettin
g
s
.
R
o
ad
m
ap
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
r
esear
ch
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
:
i)
Dev
el
o
p
a
n
d
v
alid
ate
GA
-
PS
O
+
Six
Sig
m
a
m
o
d
els
b
ased
o
n
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ta
l
d
ata,
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
llectio
n
o
f
e
lectr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata,
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
GA
-
PS
O
m
o
d
els
an
d
GA
-
PS
O
+
Six
S
ig
m
a
m
o
d
els
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
an
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
f
o
r
lo
wer
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
an
d
CO
2
em
is
s
io
n
lev
els
;
i
i)
I
n
teg
r
ate
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
ch
as
I
o
T
Gate
way
,
with
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
im
u
latio
n
with
lo
a
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
d
y
n
am
ic
ea
ch
t
h
e
d
ay
;
iii)
Op
er
atin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
r
ea
l
tim
e
o
n
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
en
er
g
y
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
;
a
n
d
iv
)
Ma
k
e
GA
-
PS
O
+
Six
Sig
m
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
as
m
o
d
u
le
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
en
er
g
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
with
m
u
lti
-
lo
ca
tio
n
test
in
g
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
with
ex
ter
n
al
d
ata
an
d
lea
r
n
i
n
g
ad
a
p
tiv
e.
2
.
3
.
O
pti
m
iza
t
io
n
f
o
rm
ula
t
i
o
n
Sev
er
al
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
will b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
,
an
d
f
o
r
m
u
las will b
e
u
s
ed
to
c
o
n
d
u
ct
th
e
r
esear
c
h
.
2
.
3
.
1
.
O
bje
ct
iv
e
f
un
ct
io
n
T
h
e
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
tates
th
at
ω
1
is
th
e
weig
h
t
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
wh
ile
ω
2
is
th
e
we
ig
h
t u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
wh
er
e
ω
1
an
d
ω
2
m
u
s
t a
d
d
u
p
to
1
o
r
1
0
0
%.
T
h
is
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
in
(
1
).
M
min
x
1
:
T
F
(
x
)
=
ω
1
E
(
x
)
+
ω
2
C
(
x
)
+
λ
π
6σ
(
x
)
(
1
)
W
ith
E
(
x
)
=
∑
e
t
(
x
t
)
T
t
=
1
C
(
x
)
=
∑
c
t
(
x
t
)
T
t
=
1
=
γ
∑
e
t
(
x
t
)
T
t
=
1
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
E
is
to
tal
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
k
W
h
)
,
C
is
to
tal
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
(
k
g
C
O
₂
)
,
ω
1
.
ω
2
is
th
e
weig
h
t
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ea
ch
o
b
jectiv
e
,
an
d
π
6σ
is
th
e
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alty
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
C
p
k
)
.
2
.
3
.
2
.
Six
Sig
m
a
pena
lt
y
Pen
alties
ar
e
im
p
o
s
ed
if
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
r
esu
lts
f
all
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
et
UC
L
–
L
C
L
lim
its
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
o
p
tio
n
s
,
n
am
el
y
:
i)
C
o
n
tr
o
l c
h
ar
t
-
b
ased
p
en
alties
:
π
cc
(
x
)
=
∑
[
α
+
(
e
t
(
x
t
)
−
UC
L
t
)
+
2
+
α
−
(
LC
L
t
−
e
t
(
x
t
)
)
+
2
]
T
t
=
1
(
3
)
W
ith
(
z)
(+
)
=
m
ax
(
0
,
z
)
,
α
(±
)
> 0
.
ii)
Pen
alty
b
ased
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(C
pk
)
:
As
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
h
o
w
m
u
ch
v
ar
iat
io
n
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
its
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
lim
its
,
s
tatis
tical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
b
ased
o
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
f
er
i
n
-
d
ep
t
h
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
well
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
o
p
er
atin
g
an
d
wh
at
ac
tio
n
s
m
ay
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
ak
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
.
μ
(
x
)
=
1
T
∑
e
t
(
x
t
)
T
t
=
1
σ
(
x
)
=
√
1
T
∑
(
e
t
(
x
t
)
−
μ
(
x
)
)
2
T
t
=
1
(
4
)
I
n
d
ex
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2259
-
2
2
7
0
2262
C
pk
(
x
)
=
min
{
UC
L
−
μ
(
x
)
3σ
(
x
)
,
μ
(
x
)
−
L
C
L
3σ
(
x
)
}
(
5
)
C
p
k
co
n
s
id
er
s
h
o
w
ce
n
ter
ed
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
lim
its
.
A
h
ig
h
er
C
p
k
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
a
m
o
r
e
ca
p
a
b
le
an
d
ce
n
tr
ed
p
r
o
c
ess
.
L
ev
els in
C
p
k
v
alu
es:
C
p
k
<
1
: T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
in
ca
p
ab
le,
o
f
ten
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
o
u
t
p
u
t o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
lim
its
.
C
p
k
=
1
: T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ju
s
t c
ap
ab
le
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
well,
with
9
9
.
7
3
%
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t w
ith
in
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
lim
its
.
C
p
k
>
1
: T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
p
ab
le,
with
9
9
.
7
3
% o
f
o
u
tp
u
t w
ith
in
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
lim
its
.
C
p
k
≥
1
.
3
3
: T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
h
ig
h
ly
ca
p
ab
le,
with
9
9
.
9
9
% o
f
o
u
tp
u
t w
ith
in
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
lim
i
ts
.
Pen
alty
(
q
u
ad
r
atic
with
r
esp
ec
t to
q
u
ality
d
e
f
icien
cy
)
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
(
6
)
.
π
C
pk
(
x
)
=
β
(
C
pk
∗
−
C
pk
(
x
)
)
+
2
,
C
pk
∗
≥
1
.
33
(
6
)
W
e
ca
n
ch
o
o
s
e
o
n
e
o
f
(
π
6σ
=
π
cc
or
π
C
pk
)
.
Fo
r
s
m
o
o
th
d
er
i
v
ativ
es,
π
cc
is
ea
s
ier
(
d
if
f
er
en
tiab
l
e
alm
o
s
t
ev
er
y
wh
er
e
)
,
wh
ile
π
cc
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
an
d
lin
g
at
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
p
o
in
t.
2
.
4
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
io
n
o
f
s
ens
it
iv
it
y
,
pa
ra
m
et
ric
a
nd
co
nv
er
g
ence
dia
g
no
s
t
ics
Sen
s
itiv
ity
an
d
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
a
n
aly
s
es we
r
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
asp
ec
ts
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
:
a.
Par
am
eter
s
test
ed
in
clu
d
e
s
leep
o
b
jectiv
e:
ω
1
(
k
W
h
)
a
n
d
ω
2
(
C
O
2
)
,
p
en
alty
Six
Sig
m
a
,
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
d
ev
ices
lik
e
lig
h
ts
,
HVAC,
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
er
io
d
,
weig
h
t in
e
r
tia
(
PS
O)
,
an
d
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
(
GA)
.
b.
Dete
r
m
in
e
L
C
L
an
d
UC
L
with
L
C
L
=
µ
-
k
σ
an
d
UC
L
=
µ
+
k
σ
f
o
r
m
u
las.
c.
Per
tu
r
b
atio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
al,
s
u
ch
as b
u
ild
in
g
an
d
wea
th
er
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
.
d.
Sen
s
itiv
e
o
u
tp
u
t su
ch
as k
W
h
,
C
O
2
,
C
p
k
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ac
tu
ato
r
s
witch
in
g
/d
ay
.
e.
C
u
r
v
es a
n
d
k
e
y
in
d
icato
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
iter
atio
n
m
ax
im
u
m
.
2
.
5
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
a
nd
s
im
ula
t
io
n sta
g
es
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
e
th
e
s
tag
es o
f
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
:
2
.
5
.
1
.
Da
t
a
a
cquis
it
io
n a
nd
b
a
s
eline
co
ns
t
ruct
io
n
L
o
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
d
ata
wer
e
c
o
llected
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
f
o
r
2
4
h
p
e
r
d
ay
o
v
er
3
0
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
d
ay
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
ca
s
e
-
s
tu
d
y
b
u
ild
in
g
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
lo
ad
ca
teg
o
r
ies
co
m
p
r
is
ed
HVAC,
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
p
lu
g
lo
a
d
s
)
.
All
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
tim
e
-
s
tam
p
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
tem
p
o
r
al
alig
n
m
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ig
n
als.
W
h
en
av
ailab
le,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
a
l
v
ar
iab
les
s
u
ch
as
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
h
u
m
id
ity
,
an
d
o
cc
u
p
an
cy
p
r
o
x
y
we
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t c
o
n
s
tr
ain
t c
h
ec
k
in
g
o
r
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tar
y
an
al
y
s
is
.
Ou
tp
u
t o
f
th
is
s
tag
e:
a
3
0
-
d
a
y
b
aselin
e
d
atas
et
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
d
aily
d
em
a
n
d
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
at
ter
n
s
.
2
.
5
.
2
.
Da
t
a
pre
-
pro
ce
s
s
ing
a
nd
no
rm
a
liza
t
io
n
Prio
r
to
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
th
e
d
ata
s
et
was
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
n
u
m
e
r
ical
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
iab
les.
First,
s
ig
n
al
s
wer
e
r
esam
p
led
to
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
in
ter
v
al
(
Δ
t)
an
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ized
b
y
tim
estam
p
.
Seco
n
d
,
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
was
a
p
p
lied
s
o
t
h
at
o
p
tim
izatio
n
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
o
b
jectiv
e
ter
m
s
wer
e
m
ap
p
e
d
to
a
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
s
ca
le.
T
h
ir
d
,
b
asel
in
e
s
tatis
tic
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
S
ix
Sig
m
a
lay
er
wer
e
estab
lis
h
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
3
0
-
d
ay
d
ataset
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
in
itial
co
n
tr
o
l
lim
its
an
d
t
o
en
a
b
le
s
tab
ilit
y
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Ou
tp
u
t o
f
th
is
s
tag
e:
a
n
o
r
m
alize
d
d
ataset
an
d
b
aselin
e
s
tatis
tics
(
μ
,
σ
)
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
-
lim
it c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
2
.
5
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
r
a
t
iv
e
o
ptim
iza
t
io
n
s
ce
na
rio
s
Op
tim
i
z
atio
n
was
ex
ec
u
ted
u
s
in
g
f
o
u
r
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
q
u
an
tify
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
a
n
d
Six
Sig
m
a
s
tab
ilit
y
co
n
t
r
o
l:
p
u
r
e
GA,
p
u
r
e
PS
O,
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
PS
O
with
o
u
t
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alty
,
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
GA
–
PS
O
with
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alty
.
Fo
r
e
ac
h
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
o
p
tim
izer
g
en
er
ated
ca
n
d
id
ate
o
p
er
atin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
s
ch
ed
u
les
o
r
s
et
-
p
o
in
ts
f
o
r
HVAC
,
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
co
n
t
r
o
l)
th
at
m
in
im
ize
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
an
d
ass
o
ciate
d
ca
r
b
o
n
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
,
wh
ile
r
esp
ec
tin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
O
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
is
s
tag
e:
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
tr
ac
es f
o
r
ea
c
h
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
2
.
5
.
4
.
Alg
o
rit
hm
pa
r
a
m
e
t
er
iza
t
io
n
a
nd
ca
lib
ra
t
io
n
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
f
air
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
,
GA
an
d
PS
O
p
ar
am
eter
s
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
itial
tr
ials
an
d
t
h
en
f
ix
ed
f
o
r
all
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
r
u
n
s
.
GA
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
clu
d
ed
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
s
ize,
c
r
o
s
s
o
v
er
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
,
m
u
tatio
n
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
s
/iter
atio
n
s
.
PS
O
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
clu
d
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticles,
in
er
tia
weig
h
t,
ac
c
eler
atio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
(
c
1
,
c
2
)
,
an
d
iter
atio
n
co
u
n
t.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
GA
–
PS
O
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
ad
d
itio
n
ally
s
p
ec
if
ied
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
r
u
le
(
e.
g
.
,
GA
f
o
r
ex
p
l
o
r
atio
n
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
PS
O
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f h
yb
r
id
GA
–
P
S
O
-
b
a
s
ed
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
w
ith
S
ix
S
ig
ma
… (
N
u
r
w
ija
ya
n
ti K
u
s
u
ma
)
2263
r
ef
in
em
en
t
o
r
in
ter
leav
ed
u
p
d
ates)
,
an
d
th
e
Six
Sig
m
a
s
ce
n
ar
io
ac
tiv
ated
a
p
en
alty
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
wh
en
s
tab
ilit
y
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
v
io
lated
.
Ou
t
p
u
t
o
f
th
is
s
tag
e:
a
lo
ck
ed
p
ar
am
et
er
s
et
u
s
ed
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ac
r
o
s
s
all
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
.
2
.
5
.
5
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
ev
a
lua
t
io
n m
et
rics a
nd
m
ulti
-
run pro
t
o
co
l
All
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
wer
e
ev
al
u
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
etr
i
cs:
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
k
W
h
)
,
c
ar
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
(
k
g
C
O₂)
,
a
v
er
ag
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
tim
e
(
p
e
r
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
r
u
n
)
,
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
(
iter
atio
n
s
/time
to
r
ea
ch
b
est
f
itn
ess
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
ce
th
r
esh
o
ld
)
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
C
p
k
)
(
s
tab
ilit
y
in
d
icato
r
)
,
an
d
m
u
lti
-
r
u
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
(
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
r
u
n
s
m
ee
ti
n
g
th
e
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
ed
ac
ce
p
tan
c
e
cr
iter
ia,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tab
ilit
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
)
.
A
m
u
lti
-
r
u
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
was
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
to
ch
asti
c
b
ias
in
h
er
en
t
i
n
p
o
p
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
m
etah
eu
r
is
tics
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
s
tatis
tics
(
e.
g
.
,
m
ea
n
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
)
wer
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
r
u
n
s
.
Ou
tp
u
t
o
f
th
is
s
tag
e:
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
tab
le
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
/q
u
ality
ass
ess
m
en
t f
o
r
ea
ch
m
eth
o
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
G
A
–
PS
O
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
with
Six
Sig
m
a
s
tab
ilit
y
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
en
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
em
is
s
io
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
tar
ts
wi
th
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
(
HVAC,
lig
h
tin
g
,
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
lo
ad
s
,
o
p
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal/o
cc
u
p
an
c
y
s
ig
n
als)
an
d
em
is
s
io
n
-
f
ac
to
r
d
ef
in
itio
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
PS
O
o
p
tim
izer
g
en
er
ates
ca
n
d
id
ate
o
p
er
at
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
les/
s
et
-
p
o
in
ts
an
d
e
v
alu
ates
th
em
u
s
in
g
a
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
t
h
at
jo
in
t
ly
m
in
im
izes
en
er
g
y
u
s
e
a
n
d
c
ar
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
A
Six
Sig
m
a
co
n
tr
o
l
la
y
er
th
en
ass
es
s
es
s
tab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
t
r
o
l
lim
its
(
UC
L
/LCL)
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
C
p
k
)
;
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
t
h
at
v
i
o
late
lim
its
o
r
y
ield
<
1
.
33
ar
e
p
en
al
ized
to
g
u
id
e
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
t
o
war
d
s
tab
le,
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
le
p
o
licies.
T
h
e
f
in
al
d
ec
is
io
n
la
y
er
d
is
p
atch
es
HVAC,
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
e
q
u
ip
m
en
t
s
et
-
p
o
in
ts
,
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
c
h
ed
u
le
with
im
p
r
o
v
ed
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
r
e
d
u
ce
d
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
s
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
(
≥
1
.
33
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
O
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2259
-
2
2
7
0
2264
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
q
u
an
titati
v
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
s
im
u
l
atio
n
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
.
T
h
e
b
u
ild
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
d
elled
b
y
co
n
s
id
e
r
in
g
th
e
m
ain
lo
a
d
s
,
n
am
ely
H
VAC
,
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
m
in
im
ize
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
en
e
r
g
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
q
u
ality
th
r
o
u
g
h
Six
S
ig
m
a
p
en
alties.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
b
u
ild
in
g
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
ellin
g
,
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
GA
–
PS
O
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
with
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alties,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
r
esear
ch
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
b
u
ild
i
n
g
elec
tr
icity
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ile:
d
aily
/h
o
u
r
ly
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
d
ata
f
o
r
HVAC,
lig
h
tin
g
,
a
n
d
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
l
o
ad
s
,
h
o
u
r
l
y
elec
tr
i
city
r
ates
(
tim
e
-
of
-
u
s
e
/TO
U)
f
r
o
m
PLN,
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
f
ac
to
r
s
(
k
g
C
O
2
/k
W
h
)
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
q
u
ality
lim
its
d
ef
in
ed
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
u
p
p
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lim
its
(
UC
L
)
an
d
lo
wer
co
n
tr
o
l
lim
its
(
L
C
L
)
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
d
ec
is
io
n
v
a
r
iab
les
ar
e
th
e
HVA
C
o
p
er
atin
g
s
ch
ed
u
le,
lig
h
tin
g
in
ten
s
ity
,
an
d
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
p
o
w
er
s
ettin
g
s
.
A
d
er
i
v
ativ
e
eq
u
at
io
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
HVAC
m
o
d
el
o
n
th
e
p
en
alty
d
er
i
v
ativ
e.
T
h
e
d
er
iv
at
iv
e
o
f
F with
r
esp
ec
t to
x
t,
b
ec
au
s
e
C
(
x
)
=
γ
E
(
x
)
.
∂
F
∂
x
t
=
(
ω
1
+
γ
ω
2
)
∂
e
t
∂
x
t
+
λ
∂
Π
6σ
∂
x
t
(
7
)
∂
et
/
∂
xt
'
s
d
er
iv
ativ
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
et
,
s
u
ch
as a
s
im
p
le
n
o
n
-
l
in
ea
r
HVAC m
o
d
el:
e
t
(
x
t
)
=
p
f
a
n
|
x
t
a
ir
|
1
+
p
ch
(
Θ
t
−
Θ
t
s
e
t
)
(
8
)
d
er
iv
ativ
e
o
f
th
e
Π
cc
p
en
alty
co
n
tr
o
l c
h
ar
t,
f
o
r
ea
ch
t
:
∂
π
6σ
∂
x
t
{
2
α
+
(
e
t
−
UCL
t
)
∂
e
t
∂
x
t
,
e
t
>
UCL
t
,
−
2
α
−
(
L
C
L
t
−
e
t
)
∂
e
t
∂
x
t
,
e
t
>
L
C
L
t
,
0
,
othe
r
s
(
9
)
Me
an
wh
ile,
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
en
alty
d
e
r
iv
ativ
e
C
pk
:
∂
μ
∂
x
t
=
1
T
∂
e
t
∂
x
t
(
1
0
)
f
o
r
σ
(
x
)
>
0
:
∂
σ
∂
x
t
=
1
T
σ
(
e
t
−
μ
)
∂
e
t
∂
x
t
(
1
1
)
C
u
=
UC
L
−
μ
3σ
,
C
l
=
μ
−
L
C
L
3σ
,
C
pk
=
min
{
C
u
,
C
l
}
(
1
2
)
If
C
u
<
C
l
(
b
in
d
in
g
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
)
,
t
h
e
n
C
pk
=
C
u
a
n
d
,
∂
C
pk
∂
x
t
=
∂
C
u
∂
x
t
=
1
3
[
−
1
σ
∂
μ
∂
x
t
+
UC
L
−
μ
σ
2
∂
σ
∂
x
t
]
(
1
3
)
If
C
l
<
C
u
(
b
in
d
in
g
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
)
,
th
e
n
C
pk
=
C
l
a
n
d
,
∂
C
pk
∂
x
t
=
∂
C
1
∂
x
t
=
1
3
[
1
σ
∂
μ
∂
x
t
−
μ
−
L
C
L
σ
2
∂
σ
∂
x
t
]
(
1
4
)
T
h
e
d
er
iv
ativ
e
o
f
th
e
p
en
alty
π
C
pk
,
if
π
C
pk
<
π
C
∗
pk
,
th
en
:
∂
Π
C
pk
∂
x
t
=
−
2β
(
C
pk
⋆
−
C
pk
)
∂
C
pk
∂
x
t
(
1
5
)
a
n
d
if
π
C
pk
≥
π
C
∗
pk
,
th
en
∂μ
,
∂σ
ar
e
r
e
p
lace
d
b
y
∂
e
t
/
∂
x
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
m
o
d
el
.
3
.
1
.
I
nitia
l
s
im
ula
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
b
u
ild
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
p
r
o
f
ile
d
ata
o
v
e
r
3
0
d
a
y
s
with
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
HVAC
lo
ad
,
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
elec
tr
ical
e
q
u
ip
m
en
t.
Fo
u
r
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
c
en
ar
io
s
wer
e
test
ed
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f h
yb
r
id
GA
–
P
S
O
-
b
a
s
ed
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
w
ith
S
ix
S
ig
ma
… (
N
u
r
w
ija
ya
n
ti K
u
s
u
ma
)
2265
n
am
ely
p
u
r
e
GA,
p
u
r
e
PS
O,
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
PS
O
with
o
u
t
p
en
alt
y
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
PS
O
with
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alty
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
ar
am
eter
s
we
r
e
s
et
with
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
o
f
5
0
,
a
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
o
f
2
0
0
,
a
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
0
.
8
,
a
m
u
tatio
n
o
f
0
.
1
(
f
o
r
GA)
,
a
n
d
an
in
er
tia
weig
h
t
o
f
0
.
7
a
n
d
a
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
–
s
o
cial
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
1
.
5
(
f
o
r
PS
O)
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
f
o
r
ea
ch
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
GA
–
PS
O
in
teg
r
atio
n
is
ca
p
a
b
le
lo
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
av
er
a
g
e
en
e
r
g
y
u
p
to
5
.
1
%
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
u
r
e
GA
an
d
3
.
5
%
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
u
r
e
PS
O.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alty
in
cr
ea
s
es
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
,
with
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
o
f
7
.
5
%
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
GA
an
d
6
.
6
%
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
PS
O
.
A
t th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
in
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
way
.
I
f
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
s
id
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
h
y
b
r
id
m
eth
o
d
GA
-
PS
O
+
Six
Sig
m
a
is
s
ee
n
th
at
u
s
e
lo
wes
t
k
W
h
/d
ay
en
er
g
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
m
eth
o
d
o
th
er
s
,
s
o
th
at
i
f
co
n
v
er
ted
to
in
r
u
p
iah
it
r
ea
lly
af
f
ec
ts
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
e
co
s
t
u
s
e
elec
tr
icity
p
er
m
o
n
th
an
d
m
o
r
e
lo
w
u
s
e
en
er
g
y
s
o
th
e
m
o
r
e
lo
w
-
lev
el
CO
2
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
h
y
b
r
id
m
eth
o
d
GA
-
PS
O
+
Six
Sig
m
a
in
s
id
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
g
u
ar
d
C
p
k
≥
1
.
3
3
le
v
el
co
m
f
o
r
t
u
s
er
s
b
u
ild
i
n
g
g
u
ar
an
teed
.
Nee
d
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
p
lu
s
co
m
f
o
r
t
with
d
is
p
lay
k
W
h
an
d
C
O
2
u
s
ag
e
v
s
b
aselin
e
an
d
C
p
k
l
e
v
el
p
e
r
zo
n
e
with
d
ec
is
io
n
th
r
esh
o
l
d
as
f
o
llo
ws:
I
f
C
p
k
<
1
.
3
3
f
o
r
>
2
c
o
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
h
o
u
r
s
→
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
m
f
o
r
t
s
etp
o
in
t
(
au
to
m
atic)
,
o
r
s
witch
to
b
alan
ce
d
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
if
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
f
ee
<
5
%
f
o
r
7
d
ay
s
→
r
ed
u
ce
ag
g
r
ess
iv
en
ess
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
e
n
er
g
y
c
h
ea
p
≈
n
o
t w
o
r
th
it).
T
ab
le
2
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
en
er
g
y
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
En
e
r
g
y
(
k
W
h
/
d
a
y
)
CO
2
e
m
i
ssi
o
n
s (
k
g
)
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
(
s)
S
u
c
c
e
ss
r
a
t
e
(
%)
C
p
k
(
≥
1
.
3
3
t
a
r
g
e
t
)
P
u
r
e
G
A
1
4
2
.
8
9
8
.
7
1
2
.
3
7
6
.
7
1
.
0
8
P
u
r
e
P
S
O
1
3
9
.
5
9
6
.
2
1
0
.
4
8
1
.
3
1
.
1
5
GA
–
P
S
O
h
y
b
r
i
d
1
3
5
.
6
9
3
.
1
1
4
.
2
8
8
.
5
1
.
2
5
GA
–
P
S
O
+
S
i
x
σ
h
y
b
r
i
d
1
3
0
.
2
8
9
.
8
1
5
.
7
9
3
.
4
1
.
4
1
3
.
2
.
Co
nv
er
g
ence
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
c
u
r
v
e
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
u
r
e
PS
O
h
as
a
h
ig
h
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
in
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
5
0
iter
atio
n
s
,
b
u
t
ten
d
s
to
s
tag
n
ate
af
ter
war
d
s
an
d
is
p
r
o
n
e
to
g
ettin
g
s
tu
c
k
at
lo
ca
l
o
p
tim
a
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
p
u
r
e
GA
is
s
lo
wer
b
u
t
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
in
ex
p
lo
r
i
n
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
G
A
–
PS
O
r
esu
lt
s
in
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
,
with
f
aster
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
th
a
n
GA,
b
u
t w
ith
o
u
t lo
s
in
g
f
i
n
al
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
o
p
tim
is
ed
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ev
er
al
r
u
n
s
.
T
h
e
GA
an
d
PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
till
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
ex
ce
e
d
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lim
its
(
UC
L
an
d
L
C
L
)
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
PS
O
with
S
ix
Sig
m
a
r
em
ain
s
s
tab
le
with
in
th
ese
lim
i
ts
,
with
v
alu
es
clo
s
e
to
th
e
tar
g
et.
T
h
e
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alty
also
s
m
o
o
th
s
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
p
ath
b
y
p
e
n
alis
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lim
its
an
d
r
ed
ir
ec
tin
g
th
em
to
war
d
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
le
r
eg
io
n
th
at
s
atis
f
ies th
e
en
er
g
y
q
u
al
ity
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Op
tim
izatio
n
r
esu
lts
:
(
a)
c
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
r
esu
lts
cu
r
v
e
an
d
(
b
)
Six
Sig
m
a
co
n
tr
o
l c
h
ar
t
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
(
C
p
k
)
is
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ag
ai
n
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
lim
its
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
p
u
r
e
GA
an
d
PS
O
o
n
l
y
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k
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2
,
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ich
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ea
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th
at
en
er
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n
s
u
m
p
tio
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iatio
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is
s
till
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ite
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ig
h
an
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o
f
te
n
e
x
ce
ed
s
th
e
tar
g
et.
T
h
e
GA
–
PS
O
h
y
b
r
i
d
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
to
1
.
2
5
,
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
r
ea
c
h
ed
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
q
u
ality
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
alu
e
o
f
≥
1
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3
3
af
ter
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o
m
b
in
ed
with
th
e
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alty
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C
p
k
=
1
.
4
1
)
.
T
h
is
p
r
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v
es
th
at
th
e
Six
Sig
m
a
p
en
alty
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
i
n
s
tab
ilizin
g
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
n
o
t o
n
ly
ef
f
icien
t b
u
t a
ls
o
r
eliab
le.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2259
-
2
2
7
0
2266
Fig
u
r
e
5
co
m
p
a
r
es
f
o
u
r
m
eta
h
eu
r
is
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en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
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atter
n
s
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
o
n
ly
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
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O
+
S
ix
Sig
m
a
m
eth
o
d
is
b
etwe
en
t
h
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UC
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d
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lin
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wh
ile
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ch
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g
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h
e
g
r
e
en
T
ar
g
et
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e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
also
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s
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ates
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e
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jectiv
e
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u
n
ctio
n
v
alu
e
ac
h
iev
ed
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y
th
e
h
y
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r
id
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+
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Sig
m
a
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
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g
ze
r
o
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
h
y
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r
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GA
-
PS
O
+
Six
Sig
m
a
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
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west
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
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e
an
d
f
astes
t
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
c
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
GA,
PS
O
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
GA
-
PS
O.
T
h
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
Six
Sig
m
a
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
p
tim
izati
o
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
b
y
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r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
m
o
r
e
o
p
tim
al
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Six
Sig
m
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ch
ar
t f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
cu
r
v
es o
f
4
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
Usi
n
g
a
co
n
to
u
r
p
lo
t
g
r
a
p
h
w
ill
s
h
o
w
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e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
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n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
k
W
h
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d
em
is
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io
n
s
th
r
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g
h
o
u
t
th
e
iter
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n
s
.
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ef
o
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e
o
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tim
izatio
n
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r
e
d
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e
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a
lu
es
ar
e
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ig
h
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d
m
o
r
e
s
ca
tter
ed
.
W
ith
h
y
b
r
id
GA
–
PS
O
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
g
r
ee
n
)
,
k
W
h
an
d
em
is
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io
n
s
ar
e
r
ed
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ce
d
,
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h
ile
o
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tim
izatio
n
u
s
in
g
Six
Sig
m
a
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b
l
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e)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
m
o
r
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s
tab
le
r
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lts
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n
d
f
alls
with
in
s
tr
icter
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u
ality
lim
its
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
i
l
e
,
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
i
s
a
b
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
c
o
m
p
a
r
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n
g
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
k
W
h
a
n
d
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
.
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e
f
o
r
e
o
p
t
i
m
iz
at
i
o
n
,
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o
t
h
w
e
r
e
a
t
t
h
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r
h
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g
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e
s
t
l
e
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el
s
.
T
h
e
G
A
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O
h
y
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r
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d
s
i
g
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i
f
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c
a
n
tly
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e
d
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c
e
d
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n
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i
s
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o
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,
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n
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a
d
d
i
t
i
o
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f
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x
S
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g
m
a
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o
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t
r
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f
u
r
t
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e
r
i
m
p
r
o
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e
d
s
t
a
b
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it
y
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n
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
d
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
t
a
r
g
e
ts
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p
k
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3
3
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.
F
i
g
u
r
e
9
i
s
a
3
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s
u
r
f
a
ce
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lo
t
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s
tr
atin
g
h
o
w
k
W
h
an
d
em
is
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io
n
s
ev
o
lv
e
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o
p
tim
izatio
n
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atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
b
ec
o
m
es
f
latter
as
o
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tim
izatio
n
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r
o
g
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ess
es,
in
d
ic
atin
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n
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er
g
en
ce
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d
s
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m
o
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io
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e
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atin
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o
in
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Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Dis
tr
ib
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tio
n
o
f
k
W
h
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d
e
m
is
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io
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
iter
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n
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
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a
g
r
a
p
h
s
h
o
win
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e
r
elatio
n
s
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ip
b
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en
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n
s
,
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er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
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n
(
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W
h
)
,
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d
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r
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is
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io
n
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wh
er
e
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e
r
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e
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
y
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r
id
GA
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PS
O
+
Six
Sig
m
a
m
eth
o
d
.
As
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e
,
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ich
s
h
o
ws
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e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
e
n
iter
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n
s
,
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
k
W
h
)
,
a
n
d
em
i
s
s
io
n
s
u
s
in
g
h
y
b
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m
a
o
p
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izatio
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.
T
h
e
r
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e
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
an
d
co
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tr
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lled
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m
p
ar
e
d
to
u
s
in
g
h
y
b
r
id
GA
-
PS
O
o
p
t
im
izatio
n
alo
n
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f h
yb
r
id
GA
–
P
S
O
-
b
a
s
ed
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
w
ith
S
ix
S
ig
ma
… (
N
u
r
w
ija
ya
n
ti K
u
s
u
ma
)
2267
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Av
e
r
ag
e
k
W
h
a
n
d
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
b
ef
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ter
o
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tim
i
z
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
3
D
s
u
r
f
ac
e:
i
ter
atio
n
v
s
.
k
W
h
v
s
.
e
m
is
s
io
n
(
h
y
b
r
i
d
GA
-
PS
O)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
3
D
s
u
r
f
ac
e:
iter
atio
n
v
s
.
k
W
h
v
s
.
em
is
s
io
n
(
h
y
b
r
i
d
GA
-
PS
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+
Six
Sig
m
a)
3
.
3
.
Relia
bil
it
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c
o
m
f
o
rt
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a
nd
qu
a
lity
m
et
rics e
nv
iro
nm
e
nt
I
n
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o
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in
g
at
t
h
e
co
m
f
o
r
t
lev
el
n
ee
d
to
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ay
atten
tio
n
to
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VR
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
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p
k
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o
o
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te
m
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er
atu
r
e
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d
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h
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tem
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ay
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g
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ig
h
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asic
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n
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u
m
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ty
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el
o
f
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H
≤
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R
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an
d
C
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k
R
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Fo
r
s
y
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tem
r
eliab
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to
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u
n
t
th
e
MT
B
F/MT
T
R
o
f
th
e
k
ey
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e
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ice
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eter
,
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ay
,
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n
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o
ller
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e
r
r
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r
,
s
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ch
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im
u
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n
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–
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%,
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en
s
o
r
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
5
–
1
0
m
in
,
ac
tu
ato
r
d
en
ial,
m
ea
s
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r
in
g
KPI
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
a
n
d
tim
e
r
ec
o
v
er
y
,
with
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
p
er
a
tio
n
al
C
VR
≤
5
%,
C
p
k
≥
1
.
3
3
ar
o
u
n
d
≥
9
0
% o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
.
3
.
4
.
Co
nf
o
rm
it
y
wit
h sta
nd
a
rd
Ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t e
n
er
g
y
in
r
esear
ch
th
is
u
s
e
Six
Sig
m
a
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
n
a
m
ely
DM
AI
C
[
2
8
]
,
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
u
s
e
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
,
ca
n
in
te
g
r
ate
L
ea
n
Six
Sig
m
a
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
with
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
y
s
tem
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
I
SO 5
0
0
0
1
[
2
9
]
,
wh
ich
im
p
lem
e
n
ts
p
lan
,
d
o
,
c
h
ec
k
,
an
d
ac
t
(
PDC
A)
c
y
cle
o
f
f
r
am
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r
k
I
SO
wo
r
k
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
e
f
f
icien
cy
en
er
g
y
o
n
g
o
in
g
m
e
asu
r
ab
le,
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
[
3
0
]
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
tar
g
et
i
n
k
W
h
s
av
in
g
s
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
tly
r
e
d
u
ce
C
O₂
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
v
alid
ated
en
er
g
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
,
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
to
o
ls
,
th
en
f
o
llo
wed
u
p
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tio
n
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
a
l
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
s
o
th
at
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
ac
h
iev
ed
as
well
as
awa
r
en
ess
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
DM
AI
C
↔
PD
C
A
in
I
SO 5
0
0
0
1
:
a.
Def
in
e
↔
Plan
:
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
b
aselin
e
s
co
p
e,
g
o
al
s
,
s
av
in
g
s
tar
g
ets,
an
d
alig
n
ed
C
O₂
r
ed
u
ctio
n
tar
g
ets
an
d
p
o
licy
en
er
g
y
.
b.
Me
asu
r
e
↔
Do
:
i
m
p
lem
en
t
p
lan
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
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t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.