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p
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Desig
n of an in
teg
ra
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sting
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nd scheduling
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a
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R
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Dec
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u
l 2
5
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e
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teg
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ti
o
n
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w
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b
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rg
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rc
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c
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s
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d
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d
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re
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tes
c
h
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ll
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r
p
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sy
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it
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li
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d
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e
to
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term
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c
h
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ra
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teristics
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n
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ra
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li
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rid
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p
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o
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e
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n
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win
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s
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d
a
ta
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c
o
ll
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ted
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o
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se
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24
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r
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d
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se
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AIC
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d
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lu
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ti
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,
ARI
M
A
(2
,
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2
)
a
n
d
ARIMA
(1
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)
we
re
se
lec
ted
f
o
r
so
lar
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e
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n
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sp
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re
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stin
g
,
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sp
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ti
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h
e
fo
re
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a
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su
lt
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AP
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lu
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n
d
sp
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.
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e
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a
ste
d
re
n
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le
o
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t
p
u
ts
we
re
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teg
ra
ted
i
n
t
o
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g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
m
o
d
e
l,
wh
e
re
g
e
o
t
h
e
rm
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l
p
o
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ra
ted
a
s
a
b
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se
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lo
a
d
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n
it
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n
d
h
y
d
ro
p
o
we
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a
c
ted
a
s
a
b
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lan
c
i
n
g
so
u
rc
e
.
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h
e
p
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o
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d
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h
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d
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li
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g
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teg
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s
e
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lu
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ted
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g
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2
4
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r
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wto
n
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Ra
p
h
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n
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d
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w
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latio
n
.
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su
lt
s
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o
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h
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t
sy
ste
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p
o
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ss
e
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re
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in
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e
l
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w
2
%
a
n
d
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u
s
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g
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tain
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d
with
in
a
c
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tab
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s,
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m
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stra
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li
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r
c
o
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d
it
i
o
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
AR
I
MA
Fo
r
ec
asti
n
g
Sch
ed
u
lin
g
So
lar
W
in
d
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sy
af
ii
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
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ee
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in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
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n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
An
d
alas
L
im
au
Ma
n
is
,
Pad
an
g
2
5
1
6
3
,
W
est Su
m
atr
a,
I
n
d
o
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esia
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m
ail:
s
y
af
ii@
en
g
.
u
n
an
d
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
le
ct
r
ic
it
y
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
t
al
co
m
p
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m
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d
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li
f
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u
p
p
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ti
n
g
r
esi
d
e
n
ti
al
,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
,
an
d
e
co
n
o
m
ic
a
cti
v
i
ties
.
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o
wev
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,
c
o
n
ti
n
u
e
d
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
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f
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s
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f
u
el
-
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as
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g
en
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o
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t
r
i
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u
tes
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ig
n
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f
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is
s
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
cli
m
at
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
[
1
]
.
C
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
tl
y
,
m
a
n
y
c
o
u
n
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n
cl
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t
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o
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r
a
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d
wi
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p
o
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[
2
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–
[
4
]
.
Alt
h
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l
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p
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we
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s
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s
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m
o
p
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r
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[
5
]
.
S
o
la
r
an
d
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n
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p
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g
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n
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r
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ti
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etw
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d
d
em
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.
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s
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lit
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a
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f
f
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n
t
g
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n
e
r
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to
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d
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p
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T
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f
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r
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b
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d
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r
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[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
H
y
d
r
o
p
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we
r
p
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an
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d
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at
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[
8
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.
M
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g
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m
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th
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2088
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R
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s
tem
s
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies.
Var
io
u
s
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
wid
ely
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tatis
tical
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
m
o
d
els s
u
ch
as ARIM
A
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
p
ar
allel,
r
esear
c
h
o
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
h
as
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
o
p
tim
izin
g
g
e
n
er
ato
r
d
is
p
atch
i
n
s
y
s
tem
s
with
h
ig
h
p
e
n
etr
atio
n
o
f
in
ter
m
itten
t
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
s
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
c
h
as
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
p
atch
,
u
n
it
co
m
m
it
m
en
t,
an
d
h
eu
r
is
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
1
4
]
.
S
ev
er
al
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
s
tu
d
ies
also
co
n
tin
u
e
to
r
ely
o
n
d
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
o
r
p
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
r
en
ewa
b
le
g
e
n
er
atio
n
d
ata
f
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
al
an
aly
s
is
[
1
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
i
n
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
[
1
6
]
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
m
o
d
els
t
h
at
co
m
b
in
e
m
u
ltip
le
p
r
ed
ic
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
1
7
]
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
in
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
tem
p
o
r
al
p
atter
n
s
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
v
alu
ab
le
to
o
ls
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
d
esp
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
,
s
ev
er
al
cr
itical
g
ap
s
r
em
ain
in
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e.
First,
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
s
till
tr
ea
t
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
an
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
as
s
ep
ar
ate
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
lack
o
f
in
teg
r
ated
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
s
th
at
ca
n
d
ir
ec
tly
tr
an
s
late
f
o
r
ec
ast
o
u
tp
u
ts
in
to
p
r
ac
tical
d
is
p
atch
d
ec
is
io
n
s
f
o
r
b
ala
n
cin
g
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Seco
n
d
,
m
a
n
y
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
co
n
tin
u
e
t
o
r
el
y
o
n
d
ete
r
m
in
i
s
tic
o
r
p
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
in
p
u
t
d
ata,
wh
ich
d
o
n
o
t
a
d
eq
u
ately
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
in
h
er
en
t
in
s
o
lar
a
n
d
win
d
g
en
er
a
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
ir
d
,
o
n
ly
a
lim
ite
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
im
p
ac
t
o
f
f
o
r
ec
ast
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
o
n
o
v
er
all
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
ter
m
s
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
es
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
ese
li
m
itatio
n
s
in
d
icate
th
at
ex
is
tin
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
n
o
t
y
e
t
f
u
lly
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e,
d
ata
-
d
r
i
v
en
d
e
cisi
o
n
-
m
ak
in
g
in
r
en
ew
ab
le
-
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
e
v
elo
p
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
in
teg
r
ates f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
an
aly
s
is
with
in
a
u
n
if
i
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
m
o
d
er
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
er
e
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
p
r
ed
o
m
in
an
tly
in
ter
f
ac
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
e
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
ated
o
p
er
atio
n
a
l sch
ed
u
lin
g
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
s
ev
er
al
cr
itical
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
s
r
em
ain
.
First,
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
s
till
tr
ea
t
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
an
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
as
s
ep
ar
ate
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
r
es
u
ltin
g
in
a
lack
o
f
in
teg
r
ated
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
d
ir
ec
tly
tr
an
s
late
f
o
r
ec
ast
o
u
tp
u
ts
in
to
d
is
p
atch
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
m
a
n
y
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
co
n
tin
u
e
to
r
ely
o
n
d
ete
r
m
in
is
tic
r
en
ewa
b
le
g
en
er
atio
n
d
ata
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
ad
e
q
u
ately
r
ep
r
esen
t
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ir
d
,
o
n
ly
lim
ited
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ev
alu
ated
th
e
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
f
o
r
ec
ast
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
ter
m
s
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
ese
g
ap
s
m
o
tiv
ate
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
in
teg
r
ate
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
an
d
l
o
ad
f
lo
w
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
th
is
wo
r
k
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
is
wo
r
k
a
d
d
r
ess
es
th
ese
g
ap
s
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
AR
I
MA
-
b
ased
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
with
h
y
d
r
o
-
g
eo
th
er
m
al
g
en
e
r
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
d
is
p
atch
s
tr
ateg
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
New
to
n
–
R
ap
h
s
o
n
lo
ad
f
lo
w
an
aly
s
is
with
in
a
u
n
if
ied
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
th
ese
n
ee
d
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
d
esig
n
a
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l
m
o
d
el
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
b
alan
cin
g
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
in
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
to
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
in
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
em
p
lo
y
s
th
e
AR
I
MA
m
eth
o
d
to
p
r
ed
ict
h
o
u
r
ly
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ia
n
ce
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
u
s
in
g
th
r
e
e
d
ay
s
o
f
h
is
to
r
ical
wea
th
er
d
ata,
wh
ich
a
r
e
th
e
n
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
r
ec
asts
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
an
d
win
d
p
o
we
r
p
lan
ts
.
T
h
ese
f
o
r
ec
asts
f
o
r
m
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
a
g
en
er
ato
r
d
is
p
atch
s
ch
ed
u
le,
wh
er
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
ac
t
as
lo
ad
-
f
o
llo
wer
s
a
n
d
g
e
o
th
er
m
al
p
lan
ts
s
er
v
e
as
s
tab
le
b
ase
-
lo
ad
u
n
its
o
p
e
r
atin
g
at
4
0
%
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
r
elev
a
n
t
to
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
,
w
h
er
e
a
b
u
n
d
an
t
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
an
d
g
eo
th
er
m
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
tab
le
g
en
er
atio
n
to
c
o
m
p
le
m
en
t
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
in
ter
m
itten
t
s
o
l
ar
an
d
win
d
en
er
g
y
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
a
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
lo
a
d
f
l
o
w
s
im
u
latio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e
to
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
an
d
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
in
teg
r
at
io
n
o
f
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
,
th
e
wo
r
k
estab
lis
h
es
a
clo
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
-
i
n
teg
r
ated
p
o
we
r
s
y
s
tem
an
aly
s
is
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
elev
an
t
f
o
r
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
-
b
ased
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
is
wo
r
k
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
in
teg
r
ated
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
AR
I
MA
-
b
ased
r
en
e
wab
le
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
b
alan
ci
n
g
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
an
d
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
lo
a
d
f
lo
w
v
alid
atio
n
with
in
a
s
in
g
le
wo
r
k
f
lo
w.
Un
lik
e
r
ec
en
t
in
teg
r
ate
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
co
m
m
o
n
ly
em
p
lo
y
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
o
r
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
em
p
h
asizes
a
s
im
p
l
e,
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ci
b
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
d
ir
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tly
tr
a
n
s
lates
r
en
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o
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ec
asts
in
to
d
is
p
atch
d
ec
is
io
n
s
an
d
ev
alu
ates
th
eir
im
p
ac
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
s
tem
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el
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ad
f
lo
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a
n
aly
s
is
.
R
ath
er
th
an
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
n
ew
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
is
wo
r
k
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
teg
r
ated
with
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
a
n
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
-
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2112
-
2
1
2
6
2114
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
wo
r
k
ad
o
p
ts
an
in
teg
r
ated
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
-
b
ased
g
en
e
r
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
-
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
v
o
lv
es
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
d
ata
u
s
in
g
a
SEM
2
2
8
A
p
y
r
a
n
o
m
eter
a
n
d
a
VM
S
-
3000
-
FS
J
T
-
N0
1
an
em
o
m
eter
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
R
asp
b
er
r
y
Pi
3
Mo
d
el
B
+
s
y
s
tem
,
with
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
at
h
o
u
r
ly
i
n
ter
v
als o
v
e
r
7
2
h
o
u
r
s
an
d
s
to
r
e
d
in
C
SV f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
d
ataset,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
tem
p
o
r
al
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
is
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
tim
estam
p
alig
n
m
e
n
t
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
ch
ec
k
s
b
ef
o
r
e
b
e
in
g
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ata,
s
tan
d
ar
d
tech
n
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
an
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
as
we
ll
as
a
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
e
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
l
o
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
ty
p
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
e
m
an
d
p
atter
n
s
,
ar
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
ed
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
u
tili
ze
s
Py
th
o
n
f
o
r
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
AR
I
MA
m
o
d
e
lin
g
,
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
f
o
r
g
en
er
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
an
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
f
twar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
New
to
n
–
R
ap
h
s
o
n
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
l
o
ad
f
lo
w
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
ated
d
e
s
ig
n
is
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
ten
d
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
g
ap
in
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
tr
ea
t
f
o
r
e
ca
s
tin
g
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
s
ep
ar
ately
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
b
o
th
with
i
n
a
u
n
if
i
ed
,
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
cib
le,
an
d
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
ally
lig
h
tweig
h
t
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
lo
w
-
co
s
t
s
en
s
in
g
h
ar
d
war
e
,
s
tatis
tical
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
a
n
d
wid
ely
av
ailab
le
s
o
f
twar
e
t
o
o
ls
m
ak
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
p
r
a
ctica
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
in
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
-
co
u
n
tr
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
ed
as
a
s
eq
u
en
tial
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
d
ata
a
cq
u
is
itio
n
,
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
im
e
-
s
er
ies
f
o
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
AR
I
MA
m
o
d
el,
wi
th
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
eter
m
in
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tatio
n
ar
ity
test
in
g
(
ADF)
an
d
AC
F/P
AC
F
an
aly
s
is
,
to
g
en
er
ate
24
-
h
o
u
r
-
ah
ea
d
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
icted
v
ar
ia
b
les
ar
e
th
en
c
o
n
v
er
te
d
in
to
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
ts
u
s
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
an
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
m
o
d
els
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
ch
as
r
ated
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
cu
t
-
in
/c
u
t
-
o
u
t
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
A
r
u
le
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
a
p
p
lied
to
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
t,
wh
er
e
g
eo
t
h
er
m
al
g
en
er
atio
n
o
p
e
r
ates
as
a
b
ase
-
lo
ad
u
n
it
,
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
d
y
n
am
ically
co
m
p
en
s
ates
f
o
r
r
esid
u
al
d
em
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
d
is
p
atch
is
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
lo
ad
f
lo
w
an
aly
s
is
o
n
a
1
4
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
New
to
n
–
R
ap
h
s
o
n
m
eth
o
d
t
o
ass
ess
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
es.
Valid
atio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
s
tatis
tical
an
d
tech
n
ical
ev
alu
atio
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
AI
C
an
d
B
I
C
f
o
r
m
o
d
el
ad
eq
u
ac
y
,
wh
ile
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
ass
es
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
lim
its
(
ty
p
ic
ally
with
in
±
5
%
o
f
n
o
m
i
n
al
v
alu
es),
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
m
ain
tain
s
u
p
p
ly
–
d
em
an
d
b
ala
n
ce
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
at
ed
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
–
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
–
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
clea
r
an
d
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
cib
le
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
d
ir
ec
t
ly
lin
k
s
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
p
r
ed
ictio
n
with
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
v
alid
atio
n
.
2
.
1
.
F
o
re
ca
s
t
ing
o
f
re
newa
ble e
nerg
y
o
utput
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
in
v
o
lv
es
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
b
ased
o
n
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
wea
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
wo
p
r
im
ar
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
v
ar
iab
les
,
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
n
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
d
u
e
to
th
eir
d
ir
ec
t
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
an
d
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
g
en
er
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
So
la
r
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
W
/m
²)
d
eter
m
in
es th
e
en
e
r
g
y
r
ec
ei
v
ed
p
er
u
n
it a
r
ea
o
n
a
s
o
lar
p
an
el,
wh
ile
win
d
s
p
ee
d
(
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
in
m
/s
)
g
o
v
er
n
s
t
h
e
k
in
etic
e
n
er
g
y
av
ailab
le
to
d
r
iv
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
b
lad
es
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
u
s
in
g
a
p
y
r
a
n
o
m
eter
an
d
an
a
n
em
o
m
eter
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
in
s
talled
in
th
e
f
ield
f
o
r
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
r
ec
o
r
d
r
ea
d
in
g
s
at
r
e
g
u
lar
i
n
ter
v
als,
en
ab
lin
g
ac
cu
r
ate
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
tim
e
s
er
ies m
o
d
elin
g
.
T
h
e
h
a
r
d
war
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
b
ased
o
n
a
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
3
M
o
d
el
B
+,
a
co
m
p
ac
t
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
s
in
g
le
-
b
o
ar
d
co
m
p
u
ter
well
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
d
e
v
ice
is
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
with
th
e
p
y
r
an
o
m
eter
an
d
an
e
m
o
m
eter
v
ia
GPI
O
an
d
s
er
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
.
T
h
e
p
y
r
a
n
o
m
eter
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
is
th
e
SEM
2
2
8
A,
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ated
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u
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eq
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
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t
I
SS
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2088
-
8
6
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4
Desig
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2115
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1
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Sch
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3
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T
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e
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u
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t
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g
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f
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eter
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alu
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ce
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h
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ac
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asts
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ev
alu
ated
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s
in
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s
tan
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ar
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tatis
t
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ch
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th
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Ak
aik
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I
n
f
o
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m
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C
r
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(
AI
C
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d
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ay
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I
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f
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m
atio
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C
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(
B
I
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,
wh
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s
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n
b
y
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en
alizin
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v
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f
itti
n
g
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
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I
MA
is
s
elec
ted
as
a
b
aselin
e
s
tatis
tical
f
o
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ec
asti
n
g
m
o
d
el
d
u
e
t
o
its
s
im
p
licity
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in
ter
p
r
etab
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,
an
d
lo
w
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m
p
u
tatio
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al
co
s
t.
Alth
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g
h
m
o
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ap
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ch
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s
m
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m
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s
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b
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ep
o
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ted
in
t
h
e
li
ter
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th
is
w
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f
o
c
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s
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o
n
a
lig
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t
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eth
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tim
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al
s
ch
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lin
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with
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ata
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ailab
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.
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co
m
p
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im
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f
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tu
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k
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o
b
u
s
tn
ess
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d
co
m
p
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al
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f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
is
esti
m
ated
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ased
o
n
a
lin
ea
r
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
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to
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p
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elatio
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s
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er
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ar
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test
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itio
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s
.
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h
e
s
im
p
lifie
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co
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m
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ass
u
m
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tan
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tem
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m
a
k
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it su
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ly
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a
s
ex
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r
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ed
in
(
2
)
[
2
4
]
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=
{
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if
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(
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t
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am
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h
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d
etaile
d
PV p
er
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o
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m
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b
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tp
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t
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m
o
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s
in
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ased
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in
,
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ate
d
,
an
d
cu
t
-
o
u
t
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
,
as d
ef
in
ed
in
(
3
)
[
2
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2112
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2116
=
{
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o
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is
ten
t b
asis
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
s
tatis
tical
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
u
s
in
g
AR
I
MA
,
an
d
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
to
elec
tr
ical
p
o
wer
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
te
p
in
th
is
r
esear
c
h
:
g
en
er
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
o
f
b
ala
n
cin
g
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
icted
p
o
wer
p
r
o
f
iles
o
f
PV
a
n
d
win
d
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
s
er
v
e
as
p
r
im
ar
y
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
d
is
p
atch
p
lan
n
in
g
,
wh
e
r
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
an
d
g
eo
t
h
er
m
al
u
n
its
ar
e
allo
ca
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
to
m
ain
tai
n
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
2
.
2
.
G
ener
a
t
io
n
s
cheduli
ng
ba
s
ed
o
n f
o
re
ca
s
t
ed
o
utput
On
ce
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
f
o
r
ec
asts
f
o
r
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
p
o
wer
o
u
t
p
u
t
ar
e
o
b
tain
e
d
,
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
in
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
in
v
o
l
v
es
d
eter
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
ch
e
d
u
le
o
f
th
e
b
alan
cin
g
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
,
n
a
m
ely
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
an
d
th
e
g
eo
th
er
m
al
p
o
wer
p
lan
t.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
ati
o
n
m
e
ets
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
s
y
s
tem
d
em
a
n
d
r
eliab
ly
a
n
d
e
f
f
icien
tly
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
ec
asted
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
an
d
win
d
p
o
wer
p
la
n
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
as
v
a
r
iab
l
e,
n
o
n
-
d
is
p
atch
ab
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
is
u
s
ed
as
a
f
lex
ib
le,
d
is
p
atch
ab
le
u
n
it
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ad
ap
tin
g
to
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
r
ea
l
tim
e,
wh
ile
th
e
g
eo
th
er
m
al
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
is
s
ch
ed
u
led
as
a
b
ase
-
lo
ad
g
en
er
ato
r
o
p
er
atin
g
s
tead
ily
at
4
0
%
o
f
its
m
ax
im
u
m
ca
p
a
city
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
t
h
e
b
alan
cin
g
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ca
n
r
esp
o
n
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iat
ely
to
th
e
r
esid
u
al
d
em
an
d
th
a
t
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
m
et
b
y
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
in
ten
d
ed
as
a
p
r
o
o
f
-
of
-
co
n
ce
p
t
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
al
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
an
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
,
r
ath
er
th
an
to
r
ep
lace
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
o
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
is
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
t
ask
,
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
is
u
s
ed
as
a
p
r
ac
tical
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
t
o
o
l.
R
ath
er
th
an
s
er
v
in
g
as
an
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
,
E
x
ce
l
was
s
elec
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
t,
l
o
w
-
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
an
d
ea
s
ily
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
le
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
I
ts
tab
u
lar
f
o
r
m
at
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
ca
lcu
latio
n
m
ak
e
it
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
lan
n
in
g
in
ea
r
ly
-
s
tag
e
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
E
x
ce
l
s
h
ee
t
is
o
r
g
an
ized
wit
h
2
4
co
lu
m
n
s
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
ea
c
h
h
o
u
r
o
f
th
e
d
ay
,
a
n
d
r
o
ws
allo
ca
ted
f
o
r
ea
ch
g
e
n
er
atio
n
u
n
it:
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
,
win
d
,
g
e
o
th
er
m
al,
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
v
o
lv
es
e
n
ter
in
g
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
f
o
r
ec
asted
p
o
we
r
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
PV
an
d
win
d
p
l
an
ts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
AR
I
M
A
-
b
ased
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
g
eo
t
h
er
m
al
p
la
n
t
is
ass
ig
n
ed
a
co
n
s
tan
t
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
4
0
%
o
f
its
r
ated
ca
p
ac
ity
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
b
ase
-
lo
a
d
o
p
er
ati
o
n
.
A
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
aily
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
h
is
t
o
r
ical
s
y
s
tem
d
ata
is
th
en
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
in
v
o
l
v
es
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
lo
ad
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
c
o
v
er
ed
b
y
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
la
n
t.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
s
u
b
tr
ac
tin
g
th
e
to
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic,
win
d
,
an
d
g
e
o
th
er
m
al
p
la
n
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
at
ea
ch
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
co
n
s
tr
ain
t,
w
h
ich
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
to
tal
g
en
er
atio
n
m
ee
ts
s
y
s
tem
d
em
an
d
at
e
v
er
y
tim
e
s
tep
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
is
d
e
f
in
ed
in
(
4
)
:
L
oa
d
De
ma
n
d
=
PV
Out
put
+
W
in
d
Out
put
+
G
e
othe
r
m
a
l
Output
+
Hyd
r
op
ow
e
r
Output
(
4
)
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
v
alu
es
d
ete
r
m
in
e
th
e
ex
ac
t
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
p
o
wer
t
h
at
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
m
u
s
t
s
u
p
p
ly
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ain
tain
a
b
ala
n
ce
d
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
eq
u
atio
n
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
r
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
u
s
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
,
wh
er
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
is
ad
ju
s
ted
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
th
e
r
esid
u
al
d
em
an
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
g
en
er
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
le
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
let
e
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
lan
t
h
at
alig
n
s
g
en
er
atio
n
with
d
e
m
an
d
o
n
a
n
h
o
u
r
ly
b
asis
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
x
ce
l
allo
ws
f
o
r
r
a
p
id
iter
atio
n
,
ea
s
y
u
p
d
ates,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
t
in
s
p
e
ctio
n
o
f
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
b
eh
av
io
r
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
r
a
m
p
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
l
an
t
to
r
esp
o
n
d
to
r
en
ewa
b
le
in
ter
m
itten
cy
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
le
clea
r
ly
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
s
u
r
p
lu
s
o
r
d
ef
icit
in
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
g
e
n
er
atio
n
an
d
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
d
is
p
atch
a
b
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
W
h
ile
th
is
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
,
it
estab
lis
h
es
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
e
n
h
an
ce
d
with
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es
in
f
u
t
u
r
e
wo
r
k
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tag
e
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
th
e
d
is
p
atch
lev
els
o
f
ea
ch
g
en
er
ato
r
,
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
p
h
ase,
wh
er
e
a
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
s
im
u
latio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
d
u
le
a
n
d
ass
es
s
tech
n
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
d
icato
r
s
s
u
ch
as v
o
lta
g
e
lev
el
s
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f a
n
in
te
g
r
a
ted
fo
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
a
n
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
mo
d
el
fo
r
p
o
w
er p
la
n
ts
to
b
a
la
n
ce
…
(
S
ya
fii
)
2117
2
.
3
.
P
o
wer
s
y
s
t
em
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n us
ing
lo
a
d f
lo
w
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tag
e
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
’
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
tem
's
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
lo
ad
f
lo
w
an
aly
s
is
,
aim
ed
at
test
in
g
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
ec
ast
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
.
L
o
a
d
f
lo
w
an
aly
s
is
is
ess
en
tia
l
f
o
r
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
es,
p
o
wer
f
lo
ws,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
lo
s
s
es,
u
n
d
er
g
iv
en
g
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er
atio
n
a
n
d
lo
a
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
a
1
4
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
n
etwo
r
k
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
all
r
elev
an
t
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
g
en
er
atio
n
u
n
its
,
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
,
a
n
d
lo
a
d
ce
n
ter
s
.
T
h
is
n
etwo
r
k
s
er
v
es
as
a
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
m
o
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el
to
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th
e
h
o
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r
ly
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ch
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p
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f
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m
d
if
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n
t
g
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atio
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ca
n
b
e
tech
n
ically
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m
m
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ated
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th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
v
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an
d
cu
r
r
en
t lim
its
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
y
d
ef
i
n
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g
th
e
to
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g
y
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n
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
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ch
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tr
ical
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m
p
o
n
en
t.
T
h
e
b
u
s
es
ar
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
d
to
r
ep
r
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t
d
if
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er
e
n
t
lo
ad
an
d
g
e
n
er
atio
n
n
o
d
es,
wh
ile
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
ar
e
m
o
d
ele
d
b
ased
o
n
ass
u
m
ed
o
r
ty
p
ical
im
p
ed
an
ce
s
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
m
e
d
iu
m
-
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
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s
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s
tem
s
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
to
s
im
u
late
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
tr
an
s
iti
o
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
l
o
wer
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els.
E
ac
h
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
ass
ig
n
ed
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
u
s
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ac
tical
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
o
in
t
s
,
with
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o
u
r
ly
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
ts
d
ef
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
r
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lts
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r
o
m
th
e
f
o
r
e
ca
s
tin
g
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
s
tag
es.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
an
d
win
d
p
o
we
r
p
lan
ts
ar
e
m
o
d
eled
with
tim
e
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v
ar
y
i
n
g
p
o
we
r
in
jectio
n
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wh
ile
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eo
t
h
er
m
al
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o
wer
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lan
t
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et
to
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r
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n
s
tan
t
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t'
s
g
en
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atio
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ad
ju
s
ted
h
o
u
r
ly
to
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alan
ce
th
e
n
et
lo
a
d
,
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ti
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g
as
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d
is
p
atch
ab
le
u
n
it.
A
n
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
m
o
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eled
s
y
s
tem
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
i
s
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
w
h
ich
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
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r
am
(
SLD)
o
f
th
e
14
-
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u
s
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y
s
tem
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
1
4
-
b
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
r
e
p
r
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ts
a
s
im
p
lifie
d
tr
an
s
m
is
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io
n
–
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
d
e
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ig
n
ed
to
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p
tu
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e
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e
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en
tial
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ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
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r
en
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b
le
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in
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r
ated
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
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le
v
el
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ates
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e
win
d
p
o
we
r
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lan
t,
g
eo
th
er
m
al
p
lan
t,
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t,
an
d
a
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
ad
,
w
h
ile
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
lev
el
in
clu
d
es
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
an
d
s
ev
er
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
l
o
ad
b
u
s
es.
T
h
is
s
im
p
lifie
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
en
a
b
les
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ated
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
p
o
we
r
tr
an
s
f
er
b
etwe
en
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
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k
s
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
ef
f
icien
t
test
s
y
s
tem
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
ad
o
p
ted
ele
ctr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
lin
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
s
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
r
atin
g
s
,
an
d
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
b
ases
,
wer
e
k
ep
t
c
o
n
s
tan
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
all
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sin
g
le
-
li
n
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
14
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
es
r
u
n
n
in
g
2
4
s
ep
ar
ate
lo
ad
f
lo
w
an
aly
s
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o
n
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
h
o
u
r
o
f
th
e
d
ay
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
f
o
r
ec
ast
an
d
d
is
p
atch
s
ch
ed
u
le.
Fo
r
ev
er
y
s
im
u
latio
n
,
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
es,
lin
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
ws,
an
d
r
ea
l
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
New
to
n
-
R
ap
h
s
o
n
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ic
h
o
f
f
e
r
s
h
ig
h
a
cc
u
r
ac
y
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
e
s
etu
p
also
in
clu
d
es
s
y
s
tem
-
wid
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
u
ch
as
v
o
ltag
e
lim
it
s
(
ty
p
ically
±
5
%
f
r
o
m
n
o
m
in
al
v
o
ltag
e)
,
t
h
er
m
al
lim
its
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es,
an
d
g
en
er
ato
r
o
p
e
r
atin
g
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ie
s
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ar
e
em
b
e
d
d
ed
with
in
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
ea
ch
h
o
u
r
’
s
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
r
em
a
in
s
with
in
s
af
e
a
n
d
f
ea
s
ib
le
lim
its
.
B
y
au
to
m
atin
g
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
all
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
,
a
f
u
ll
-
d
ay
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
p
r
o
f
ile
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
eled
s
y
s
tem
,
en
ab
l
in
g
f
u
r
t
h
er
ev
al
u
atio
n
in
later
s
tag
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2112
-
2
1
2
6
2118
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
s
et
u
p
,
atte
n
t
i
o
n
is
g
iv
en
t
o
m
ai
n
t
ain
in
g
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
b
et
we
en
th
e
f
o
r
ec
ast
-
s
ch
ed
u
l
e
d
ata
an
d
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
p
u
ts
.
A
ll
g
e
n
e
r
a
to
r
c
ap
a
citi
es,
t
im
e
-
s
er
ies
o
u
tp
u
ts
,
a
n
d
lo
a
d
v
al
u
es
a
r
e
p
r
e
p
r
o
c
ess
e
d
i
n
E
x
c
el
a
n
d
as
i
n
p
u
t
d
a
ta
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
f
o
r
ac
c
u
r
a
cy
an
d
t
r
a
ce
ab
ilit
y
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
all
b
u
s
es
a
r
e
la
b
e
le
d
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
i
ze
d
s
y
s
te
m
at
ic
all
y
t
o
t
r
a
ck
th
ei
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
cr
o
s
s
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
ti
m
e
in
t
er
v
als.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
r
es
u
lts
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
es
ar
e
n
o
t
i
n
t
er
p
r
et
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
s
ec
t
io
n
,
t
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
a
t
s
u
f
f
i
cie
n
t
d
at
a
is
g
en
e
r
at
ed
f
o
r
a
n
a
l
y
zi
n
g
k
e
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
et
r
ics
i
n
th
e
n
e
x
t
p
h
as
e
o
f
th
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
e
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ta
k
e
n
i
n
th
is
m
o
d
eli
n
g
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
s
ta
g
e
e
n
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
te
c
h
n
ica
l
v
al
id
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
ec
as
t
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
s
ch
ed
u
l
e
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
in
s
t
an
d
a
r
d
p
o
we
r
s
y
s
t
em
p
r
ac
tic
es
an
d
r
e
f
le
cts
r
ea
l
is
ti
c
o
p
e
r
a
ti
n
g
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
o
f
re
newa
ble e
nerg
y
f
o
re
c
a
s
t
ing
a
nd
co
nv
er
s
io
n t
o
po
wer
o
utput
T
h
e
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
ti
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
b
e
g
i
n
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
a
c
q
u
i
s
it
i
o
n
o
f
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
,
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
ca
l
l
y
s
o
la
r
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
,
u
s
i
n
g
a
c
u
s
t
o
m
-
b
u
i
l
t
m
e
as
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
t
em
.
R
e
a
l
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els.
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6
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u
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4
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ay
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d
(
b
)
h
is
to
r
ical
wi
n
d
s
p
ee
d
T
ab
le
1
.
AI
C
an
d
B
I
C
v
alu
es f
o
r
AR
I
MA
m
o
d
els
: (
a)
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
(
b
)
win
d
s
p
ee
d
(
a)
M
o
d
e
l
A
I
C
B
I
C
A
R
I
M
A
(
1
,
0
,
1
)
5
3
1
,
5
2
7
3
5
3
8
,
1
8
1
6
A
R
I
M
A
(
1
,
1
,
1
)
5
2
1
,
0
5
8
1
5
2
5
,
9
7
0
9
A
R
I
M
A
(
2
,
0
,
1
)
5
1
6
,
7
2
3
4
5
2
5
,
0
4
1
2
A
R
I
M
A
(
1
,
0
,
2
)
5
3
1
,
7
5
0
3
5
4
0
,
0
6
8
1
A
R
I
M
A
(
2
,
0
,
2
)
5
1
8
,
6
3
3
6
5
2
8
,
6
1
5
0
A
R
I
M
A
(
2
,
1
,
1
)
5
1
6
,
8
5
8
4
5
2
3
,
4
0
8
7
A
R
I
M
A
(
1
,
1
,
2
)
5
2
2
,
9
3
9
5
5
2
9
,
4
8
9
8
A
R
I
M
A
(
2
,
1
,
2
)
5
1
0
,
3
1
6
7
5
1
8
,
5
0
4
6
(
b
)
M
o
d
e
l
A
I
C
B
I
C
A
R
I
M
A
(
1
,
0
,
1
)
2
6
3
,
1
6
0
2
2
7
2
,
2
6
6
8
A
R
I
M
A
(
1
,
1
,
1
)
2
6
1
,
6
8
8
5
2
6
8
,
4
7
6
6
A
R
I
M
A
(
2
,
0
,
1
)
2
6
4
,
6
2
4
0
2
7
6
,
0
0
7
3
A
R
I
M
A
(
1
,
0
,
2
)
2
6
4
,
7
2
3
5
2
7
6
,
1
0
6
8
A
R
I
M
A
(
2
,
0
,
2
)
2
6
6
,
3
0
6
9
2
7
9
,
9
6
6
9
A
R
I
M
A
(
2
,
1
,
1
)
2
6
3
,
1
9
9
7
2
7
2
,
2
5
0
4
A
R
I
M
A
(
1
,
1
,
2
)
2
6
3
,
2
9
9
7
2
7
2
,
3
5
0
4
A
R
I
M
A
(
2
,
1
,
2
)
2
6
4
,
9
8
3
5
2
7
6
,
2
9
6
9
T
o
ev
al
u
ate
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
th
e
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
r
esu
lts
wer
e
v
alid
ate
d
u
s
in
g
a
h
is
to
r
ical
v
alid
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
c
o
m
p
a
r
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
ec
asted
v
alu
es
wit
h
th
e
last
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
d
ata.
Fo
r
ec
asti
n
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
was a
s
s
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
m
ea
n
ab
s
o
lu
te
er
r
o
r
(
MA
E
)
,
r
o
o
t m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
e
r
r
o
r
(
R
MSE
)
,
an
d
m
ea
n
ab
s
o
lu
te
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
e
r
r
o
r
(
MA
PE)
.
Fo
r
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
t
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
MA
E
an
d
R
MSE
v
alu
es
wer
e
1
1
2
.
7
5
W
/m
²
an
d
1
8
5
.
6
5
W
/m
²,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
with
a
MA
PE
v
alu
e
o
f
1
8
.
4
3
%.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
MA
E
an
d
R
MSE
v
alu
es
o
f
0
.
9
0
m
/s
an
d
1
.
0
3
m
/s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
with
a
MA
P
E
v
alu
e
o
f
1
4
.
1
2
%.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
AR
I
MA
m
o
d
els
wer
e
ca
p
ab
l
e
o
f
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
tem
p
o
r
al
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
with
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
f
o
r
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
f
o
r
e
ca
s
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
ar
tifi
cial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
ANN)
,
lo
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
m
em
o
r
y
(
L
STM
)
,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
ig
h
er
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
f
o
r
lar
g
e
an
d
h
ig
h
ly
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
d
atasets
,
th
e
AR
I
MA
m
o
d
el
was
in
ten
tio
n
ally
a
d
o
p
ted
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
av
ailab
le
d
ataset
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
o
n
ly
th
r
ee
d
a
y
s
o
f
h
o
u
r
ly
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
Un
d
e
r
s
u
ch
lim
ited
d
ata
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
AR
I
MA
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
im
p
le,
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
e
f
f
icien
t,
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
wh
ile
s
till
ac
h
iev
in
g
ac
ce
p
tab
le
p
r
ed
ictio
n
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
as
in
d
i
ca
ted
b
y
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
MA
E
,
R
MSE
,
an
d
MA
PE
v
alu
es.
Sin
ce
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
in
teg
r
ate
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
lin
k
in
g
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
,
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
an
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
,
th
e
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
AR
I
MA
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
n
d
lo
a
d
f
lo
w
a
n
aly
s
es.
A
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
s
im
p
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
2112
-
2
1
2
6
2120
b
aselin
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
u
ch
as th
e
p
er
s
is
ten
ce
m
o
d
el,
was n
o
t in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t w
o
r
k
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
was to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
–
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
r
ath
er
th
a
n
to
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
f
o
r
e
ca
s
tin
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
Su
ch
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
will
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
co
m
p
a
r
es
th
e
h
is
to
r
ical
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
an
d
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
AR
I
MA
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
win
d
s
p
ee
d
o
v
er
th
e
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
p
r
ed
ictio
n
h
o
r
iz
o
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
His
to
r
ical
an
d
p
r
e
d
icted
wea
th
er
: (
a)
s
o
lar
i
r
r
ad
iati
o
n
an
d
(
b
)
win
d
s
p
ee
d
All
f
ig
u
r
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
with
p
r
o
p
er
ly
lab
ele
d
ax
es
an
d
u
n
its
to
en
s
u
r
e
clar
ity
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
h
is
to
r
ical
an
d
f
o
r
ec
asted
p
r
o
f
iles
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tly
co
m
p
ar
ed
u
s
in
g
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
o
v
er
lay
s
to
illu
s
tr
ate
tem
p
o
r
al
alig
n
m
en
t
b
etwe
en
p
r
ed
icted
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
alu
es.
Alth
o
u
g
h
n
o
r
m
alize
d
er
r
o
r
p
lo
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
e
x
p
licitly
in
clu
d
ed
,
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
q
u
an
titativ
ely
ev
al
u
ated
u
s
in
g
MA
E
,
R
MSE
,
an
d
MA
PE
m
etr
ics,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
p
r
ed
ictio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
f
o
r
ec
asts
wer
e
th
en
co
n
v
e
r
ted
in
to
elec
t
r
ical
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
u
s
in
g
a
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
d
escr
ib
e
d
in
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
Ass
u
m
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
STC)
with
G
STC
=
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²
an
d
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
s
y
s
tem
with
Pm
ax
=
2
MW,
ea
ch
h
o
u
r
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t
was
s
ca
led
lin
ea
r
ly
b
y
th
e
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
r
atio
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ass
u
m
es
co
n
s
tan
t
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
n
ea
r
STC
with
co
n
s
tan
t
PV
ef
f
icien
cy
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
a
tio
n
p
er
io
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
PV
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
r
ec
ast
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
m
ax
im
u
m
g
en
er
ati
o
n
n
ea
r
m
id
d
a
y
an
d
n
ea
r
-
ze
r
o
o
u
tp
u
t
d
u
r
in
g
ev
e
n
in
g
a
n
d
n
i
g
h
ttime
h
o
u
r
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
win
d
p
o
wer
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
p
la
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
wer
e
u
s
ed
:
a
r
ated
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
5
MW,
cu
t
-
in
s
p
ee
d
o
f
3
m
/s
,
r
ated
s
p
ee
d
o
f
1
2
m
/s
,
an
d
cu
t
-
o
u
t
s
p
ee
d
o
f
2
5
m
/s
.
W
in
d
s
p
ee
d
s
b
elo
w
3
m
/s
an
d
ab
o
v
e
2
5
m
/s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
n
o
n
-
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al,
wh
ile
s
p
ee
d
s
b
etwe
e
n
3
m
/s
an
d
1
2
m
/s
s
ca
le
lin
ea
r
ly
to
t
h
e
r
ated
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
ec
asted
win
d
s
p
ee
d
s
p
r
ed
o
m
in
an
tly
f
ell
with
in
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
r
an
g
e,
allo
win
g
th
e
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
to
d
eli
v
er
v
ar
iab
le
o
u
t
p
u
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
p
r
ed
ic
ted
p
o
wer
o
u
t
p
u
t
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
tem
p
o
r
al
v
ar
iati
o
n
o
f
win
d
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
h
o
r
izo
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
His
to
r
ical
an
d
p
r
e
d
icted
p
o
wer
: (
a
)
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
o
u
t
p
u
t
an
d
(
b
)
win
d
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
o
f a
n
in
te
g
r
a
ted
fo
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
a
n
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
mo
d
el
fo
r
p
o
w
er p
la
n
ts
to
b
a
la
n
ce
…
(
S
ya
fii
)
2121
T
h
e
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
r
esu
lts
an
d
co
n
v
er
ted
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
ts
wer
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
u
s
ed
as
in
p
u
ts
f
o
r
th
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
s
t
ag
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
a
t
th
e
AR
I
MA
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
tem
p
o
r
al
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
f
o
r
ec
asts
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
an
d
s
y
s
tem
ev
alu
atio
n
s
tag
es,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
p
r
o
ac
t
iv
e
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
b
etwe
en
in
te
r
m
itten
t
r
en
ewa
b
le
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
d
is
p
atch
ab
le
p
o
wer
p
la
n
ts
.
T
h
is
o
u
tc
o
m
e
d
ir
ec
tly
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
ap
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
lim
ited
in
teg
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
a
n
d
o
p
er
a
tio
n
al
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
3
.
2
.
G
ener
a
t
io
n
s
cheduli
ng
re
s
ults
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
o
r
ec
asted
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
taic
an
d
win
d
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
,
a
24
-
h
o
u
r
g
en
er
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
was
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
g
en
e
r
atio
n
an
d
lo
a
d
d
em
an
d
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
o
u
tp
u
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
g
eo
th
e
r
m
al
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
was
tr
ea
ted
a
s
a
b
ase
-
lo
ad
u
n
it,
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
a
f
ix
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
4
0
%
o
f
its
ca
p
ac
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
ay
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
was
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
as
a
b
alan
cin
g
g
e
n
er
ato
r
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
f
o
r
th
e
m
is
m
atch
b
etwe
en
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
u
p
p
ly
a
n
d
d
em
an
d
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
s
h
ee
t
was
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
a
tab
u
la
r
f
o
r
m
at,
d
i
s
p
lay
in
g
h
o
u
r
ly
v
alu
es
f
o
r
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
,
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
p
lan
t
,
an
d
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t.
T
h
is
E
x
ce
l
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
as
a
s
im
p
l
if
ied
to
o
l
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
a
n
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ep
r
esen
t
a
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
n
ap
s
h
o
t
o
f
th
e
E
x
ce
l
-
b
ased
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
m
atr
ix
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
ea
ch
g
en
er
ato
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes to
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
d
em
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
ile.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Gen
e
r
atio
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
E
x
ce
l
T
h
e
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
llo
ws
a
ty
p
ical
d
aily
d
em
an
d
cu
r
v
e,
with
m
o
d
er
at
e
d
em
an
d
d
u
r
in
g
ea
r
ly
m
o
r
n
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
,
a
s
h
ar
p
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
ar
o
u
n
d
m
id
d
ay
,
a
n
d
a
g
r
ad
u
al
d
ec
lin
e
in
th
e
ev
en
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
ec
asted
g
en
er
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
PV
an
d
win
d
p
lan
ts
,
wh
ile
s
u
b
s
tan
tial,
is
in
ter
m
itten
t
an
d
u
n
ab
le
to
m
ee
t
p
ea
k
lo
ad
o
n
its
o
wn
.
T
h
e
g
eo
th
e
r
m
al
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
co
n
s
is
ten
t
o
u
tp
u
t,
b
u
t
it
is
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
f
ill
th
e
s
h
o
r
tf
all
d
u
r
in
g
h
ig
h
-
d
em
a
n
d
p
er
io
d
s
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
m
u
s
t
ad
ju
s
t
its
o
u
tp
u
t
d
y
n
a
m
ically
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
em
an
d
-
g
e
n
er
atio
n
b
alan
ce
is
m
ain
tain
ed
at
e
ac
h
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
s
ch
e
d
u
led
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
we
r
o
u
tp
u
t w
as c
o
m
p
u
ted
b
y
s
u
b
tr
ac
tin
g
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
’
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
to
ta
l h
o
u
r
ly
d
em
an
d
.
T
o
v
is
u
alize
th
e
o
v
er
all
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
a
s
tack
ed
ar
ea
c
h
ar
t
was
cr
ea
t
ed
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
h
o
u
r
ly
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
g
e
n
er
ato
r
an
d
th
e
to
tal
s
y
s
tem
d
em
a
n
d
.
T
h
is
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
wh
er
e
th
e
d
em
an
d
cu
r
v
e
is
o
v
er
laid
wit
h
th
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
cu
r
v
es
o
f
th
e
PV,
win
d
,
g
e
o
th
er
m
al,
an
d
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
T
h
e
ch
a
r
t
clea
r
ly
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
n
atu
r
e
o
f
s
o
lar
an
d
win
d
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
th
e
s
tead
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
eo
th
er
m
al
p
la
n
t,
an
d
th
e
c
o
m
p
en
s
ato
r
y
r
o
le
p
lay
ed
b
y
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
la
n
t,
wh
ich
r
a
m
p
s
u
p
an
d
d
o
wn
as
n
ee
d
ed
to
f
ill th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
d
em
an
d
a
n
d
a
v
ailab
le
r
en
ewa
b
le
g
en
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
e
h
o
u
r
l
y
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
b
etwe
e
n
r
en
ewa
b
le
an
d
d
is
p
atch
a
b
le
g
en
er
atio
n
u
n
its
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
d
em
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
b
alan
cin
g
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
cr
u
cial
d
u
r
in
g
ea
r
ly
m
o
r
n
i
n
g
an
d
late
ev
en
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
wh
e
n
s
o
lar
g
en
er
atio
n
is
ab
s
en
t,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
f
lex
ib
le
g
en
e
r
a
tio
n
in
co
m
p
e
n
s
atin
g
f
o
r
r
en
e
wab
le
in
ter
m
itten
cy
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
also
s
h
o
w
th
at
ac
cu
r
ate
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
s
tr
ateg
y
,
s
in
ce
th
e
d
is
p
atch
p
lan
d
ep
en
d
s
d
ir
ec
tly
o
n
p
r
e
d
icted
r
en
ewa
b
le
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
s
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
teg
r
ated
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
n
m
ai
n
tain
g
e
n
er
atio
n
-
d
em
an
d
b
alan
ce
d
y
n
am
ically
,
th
er
e
b
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.