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tab
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d
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ch
em
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[
1
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.
E
f
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cr
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f
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[
2
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As
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[
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An
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1
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Fu
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tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices
(
I
E
Ds)
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
ialized
p
r
o
tectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
n
eg
ativ
e
-
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
(
ANSI
4
6
)
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
p
r
o
tectio
n
(
A
NSI
8
7
T
)
,
h
as
th
u
s
em
er
g
ed
as
th
e
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
s
elec
tiv
ity
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
th
er
m
al
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
u
n
d
er
h
ea
v
y
d
y
n
am
ic
l
o
ad
s
tr
ess
es [
1
4
]
.
W
h
ile
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
ex
t
en
s
iv
ely
co
v
e
r
s
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
v
er
cu
r
r
en
t
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
[
1
5
]
,
th
er
e
is
a
g
r
o
win
g
n
ee
d
to
an
aly
ze
f
au
l
t
-
lim
itin
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
g
r
id
im
p
ac
ts
u
s
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
[
1
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
p
la
n
n
in
g
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
is
o
lated
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
g
r
id
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
r
o
b
u
s
t
em
p
ir
i
ca
l
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
B
OFAL
E
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
n
etwo
r
k
,
m
o
v
in
g
b
ey
o
n
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
E
T
AP
s
im
u
latio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
c
o
v
er
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
f
au
lt
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
lies
in
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
th
e
n
o
n
-
co
m
p
lian
t
s
witch
g
ea
r
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
an
o
p
tim
ized
d
i
g
ital
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
e
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
r
ed
u
c
es
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
en
s
u
r
es
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
with
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
1
8
]
.
B
y
id
e
n
tify
in
g
cr
itical
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
v
u
ln
er
a
b
ilit
ies
an
d
d
e
p
lo
y
in
g
a
m
u
lti
-
lay
er
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
en
s
u
r
es
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
el
s
af
ety
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
f
er
a
r
ep
licab
le
b
lu
ep
r
in
t
f
o
r
u
p
g
r
ad
i
n
g
leg
a
cy
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
m
ee
t
m
o
d
er
n
s
af
ety
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
an
d
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
r
esil
ien
ce
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
f
ield
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
tectio
n
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
clar
ity
,
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
an
d
e
x
ac
t
r
ep
r
o
d
u
cib
ilit
y
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
o
wer
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
etails
th
e
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
an
d
m
ath
em
atica
l f
r
am
ewo
r
k
we
a
p
p
lied
to
th
e
m
o
d
ele
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n/a
pp
ro
a
ch
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
em
p
lo
y
a
d
et
er
m
in
is
tic,
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
to
ev
alu
ate
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
a
u
l
t
d
y
n
a
m
i
cs
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
i
z
e
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
h
e
a
v
y
-
d
u
t
y
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
ia
l
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
W
e
s
e
l
e
ct
e
d
a
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
a
s
it
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
at
e
a
n
d
n
e
c
es
s
a
r
y
t
o
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
o
u
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
;
it
en
ab
les
u
s
to
p
r
ec
is
ely
co
m
p
u
te
s
ev
er
e
asy
m
m
etr
ical
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
d
iter
ativ
ely
t
est
r
elay
s
elec
tiv
ity
u
n
d
er
e
x
tr
em
e
th
e
r
m
al
an
d
ele
ctr
o
d
y
n
a
m
ic
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
with
o
u
t je
o
p
ar
d
izin
g
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
2
.
2
.
M
a
t
er
ia
ls
/
da
t
a
s
o
urce
s
W
e
co
n
d
u
cted
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
3
3
k
V/0
.
4
k
V
elec
tr
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
u
p
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
B
OFAL
E
p
h
o
s
p
h
ate
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
lan
t.
W
e
d
ir
ec
tly
ac
q
u
ir
ed
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
d
iag
r
am
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ac
ilit
y
’
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ater
ials
an
d
d
atasets
we
u
tili
ze
d
co
m
p
r
is
e:
-
Up
s
tr
ea
m
g
r
id
:
A
m
ai
n
3
3
k
V
s
u
p
p
ly
s
o
u
r
ce
with
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
5
0
0
MV
Asc
an
d
an
X/R
r
atio
o
f
1
0
.
-
Po
wer
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
:
T
wo
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
tep
-
d
o
wn
u
n
its
(
T
2
:
4
0
0
0
k
VA,
Z
=
6
%;
T
4
:
6
3
0
k
VA)
.
Fo
r
b
o
th
u
n
its
,
we
u
tili
ze
a
Dy
n
1
1
v
ec
to
r
g
r
o
u
p
with
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
eu
tr
al
s
o
lid
ly
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
(
Yn
)
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
lo
w
ze
r
o
-
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
r
etu
r
n
p
ath
.
-
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
: D
o
wn
s
tr
ea
m
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
d
r
illi
n
g
m
o
to
r
s
,
wh
ich
we
m
o
d
eled
as a
lu
m
p
ed
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
2
.
5
MV
A
(
0
.
4
k
V,
co
s
Φ
=
0
.
8
5
,
I
L
R
/I
n
=
6
.
5
,
s
u
b
tr
an
s
ien
t r
ea
ctan
ce
Xd
'
'
=
1
6
.
7
%).
-
C
ab
les:
C
o
p
p
er
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
with
XL
PE
in
s
u
latio
n
(
3
×
2
4
0
m
m
²,
R
1
=
0
.
0
7
5
4
Ω
/
k
m
,
X1
=
0
.
0
7
2
0
Ω
/
k
m
)
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
is
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
b
aselin
e
d
ata,
we
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
o
u
r
elec
tr
ical
tr
an
s
ien
t
an
aly
ze
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
(
E
T
AP
)
m
o
d
el
ac
cu
r
ately
r
ef
lects
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
tech
n
i
ca
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
2
.
3
.
P
r
o
ce
du
re
s
/im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n ste
ps
W
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
l
ly
ex
ec
u
ted
o
u
r
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
:
-
Data
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
elin
g
: We c
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
th
e
B
OF
AL
E
n
etwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
with
in
th
e
E
T
AP
s
im
u
latio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
leg
ac
y
cir
c
u
it
b
r
ea
k
er
r
atin
g
s
an
d
ca
b
le
am
p
ac
ity
lim
its
.
-
L
o
ad
f
lo
w
a
n
aly
s
is
:
W
e
ex
ec
u
ted
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
p
o
wer
f
l
o
w
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
p
r
e
-
f
au
lt
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
n
o
m
in
al
cu
r
r
en
t f
l
o
ws ac
r
o
s
s
all
m
ed
iu
m
-
an
d
lo
w
-
v
o
ltag
e
b
u
s
b
ar
s
.
-
Stan
d
ar
d
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
s
im
u
latio
n
:
W
e
co
m
p
u
ted
in
itial
s
y
m
m
etr
ical,
asy
m
m
etr
ical,
an
d
p
ea
k
f
au
lt
lev
els
(
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
an
d
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
)
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tr
ict
I
E
C
6
0
9
0
9
g
u
i
d
elin
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
176
8
-
17
79
1770
-
Asy
m
m
etr
ical
f
au
lt
an
al
y
s
is
:
W
e
s
im
u
lated
an
o
p
en
-
p
h
ase
(
Ph
ase
A)
d
is
co
n
tin
u
ity
to
q
u
an
tify
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
v
o
ltag
e
im
b
alan
ce
s
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
-
s
eq
u
e
n
c
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
to
d
o
wn
s
tr
ea
m
m
o
to
r
lo
ad
s
.
-
Pro
tectio
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
: We c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
d
i
g
ital
in
tellig
en
t e
lectr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices
(
I
E
Ds)
u
tili
zin
g
I
E
C
s
tan
d
ar
d
in
v
er
s
e
-
tim
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
tim
e
in
ter
v
al
(
C
T
I
)
v
er
if
i
ca
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ec
h
n
ical
in
p
u
t p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
im
u
latio
n
d
at
a
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
D
e
si
g
n
/
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
U
p
st
r
e
a
m
g
r
i
d
N
o
mi
n
a
l
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
gri
d
)
3
3
k
V
S
h
o
r
t
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
p
o
w
e
r
(S
sc
)
5
0
0
M
V
A
X
/
R
r
a
t
i
o
10
M
a
i
n
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r
(
T
2
)
N
o
mi
n
a
l
a
p
p
a
r
e
n
t
p
o
w
e
r
(S
r
)
4
.
0
M
V
A
(
u
p
g
r
a
d
e
d
)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
a
t
i
o
(
V
pr
i
m
/V
s
e
c
)
3
3
k
V
/
0
.
4
k
V
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
-
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
i
mp
e
d
a
n
c
e
(Z
1
)
6
.
0
%
(
X
/
R
=
7
)
Ze
r
o
-
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
i
mp
e
d
a
n
c
e
(Z
0
)
5
.
1
%
(
X
/
R
=
7
)
V
e
c
t
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
/
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
D
y
n
1
1
P
r
i
mary
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
D
e
l
t
a
(
u
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
)
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
S
o
l
i
d
l
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
n
e
u
t
r
a
l
(Y
n
)
M
e
d
i
u
m
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
b
u
s
b
a
r
s
N
o
mi
n
a
l
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
3
3
k
V
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
5
0
H
z
Lo
w
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
b
u
sb
a
r
s
N
o
mi
n
a
l
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
0
.
4
k
V
(
4
0
0
V
)
(
B
u
s
1
& B
u
s
2
)
C
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
n
o
m
i
n
a
l
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
6
3
0
0
A
Lo
w
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
m
a
i
n
c
a
b
l
e
s
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
/
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
p
p
e
r
/
X
LP
E
C
r
o
ss
-
se
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
r
e
a
3
x
2
4
0
m
m²
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
(
R
1
)
0
.
0
7
5
4
Ω
/
k
m
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
r
e
a
c
t
a
n
c
e
(
X
1
)
0
.
0
7
2
0
Ω
/
k
m
D
o
w
n
s
t
r
e
a
m
a
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
To
t
a
l
l
u
m
p
e
d
l
o
a
d
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
2
.
5
M
V
A
D
r
i
l
l
i
n
g
m
o
t
o
r
s
N
o
mi
n
a
l
m
o
t
o
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
0
.
4
k
V
Lo
c
k
e
d
-
r
o
t
o
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
(I
LR
/
I
n
)
6
.
5
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
(
c
o
sΦ)
0
.
8
5
(
La
g
g
i
n
g
)
S
u
b
t
r
a
n
si
e
n
t
r
e
a
c
t
a
n
c
e
(
X
''
d
)
1
6
.
7
0
%
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
aselin
e
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
3
3
k
V/0
.
4
k
V
B
OFAL
E
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
eled
i
n
E
T
AP
2
.
4
.
M
o
dels
/
a
lg
o
rit
hm
s
/t
ec
hn
iqu
e
s
T
o
g
u
a
r
an
tee
th
e
f
u
ll
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
ib
ilit
y
o
f
o
u
r
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
we
b
ased
o
u
r
m
ath
em
atica
l
an
d
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ic
co
r
e
o
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
s
:
2
.
4
.
1
.
L
o
a
d
f
lo
w
pro
g
r
a
m
(
New
t
o
n
-
Ra
ph
s
o
n
m
et
ho
d)
W
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
t
h
e
p
r
e
-
f
a
u
lt
n
etwo
r
k
s
tate
v
a
r
iab
les
(
v
o
ltag
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
V
i
an
d
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
θ
i
)
b
y
s
o
lv
in
g
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
p
o
wer
b
ala
n
ce
eq
u
atio
n
s
.
Fo
r
a
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
N
b
u
s
es,
th
e
ac
tiv
e
(
P
i
)
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
(
Q
i
)
p
o
wer
in
jecte
d
at
b
u
s
i
ar
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
(
1
)
a
n
d
(
2
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
h
o
r
t
-
circu
it a
n
a
lysi
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
co
o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
o
f
a
3
3
k
V
p
h
o
s
p
h
a
te
p
la
n
t
…
(
C
h
eikh
a
n
i A
b
d
el
K
a
d
er
)
1771
=
∑
=
1
(
+
)
(
1
)
=
∑
=
1
(
−
)
(
2
)
W
e
m
ain
tain
ed
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
s
tr
ictly
b
elo
w
a
to
ler
an
ce
th
r
es
h
o
ld
o
f
0
.
0
0
1
MW/Mv
ar
.
2
.
4
.
2
.
Sh
o
rt
-
circ
uit
ca
lcula
t
i
o
n
(
I
E
C
6
0
9
0
9
)
W
e
ca
lcu
lated
th
e
in
itial
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
I
k
''
)
u
s
in
g
an
eq
u
iv
alen
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
at
th
e
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
,
as in
(
3
)
.
′′
=
√
3
|
|
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
c
is
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
ac
to
r
(
we
s
et
th
is
to
1
.
0
5
f
o
r
m
ax
i
m
u
m
f
a
u
lt
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tr
ess
an
d
0
.
9
5
f
o
r
m
in
im
u
m
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
)
,
Un
is
th
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
Z
k
is
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t sh
o
r
t
-
ci
r
cu
it im
p
ed
an
ce
.
T
o
ass
ess
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
y
n
am
ic
with
s
tan
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
witch
g
ea
r
,
we
d
ef
in
ed
th
e
p
ea
k
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it c
u
r
r
en
t (
i
p
)
as
(
4
)
.
=
√
2
′′
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
k
ap
p
a
is
th
e
p
ea
k
f
ac
to
r
,
wh
ich
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
R
/X
r
atio
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
etwo
r
k
b
r
an
ch
.
2
.
4
.
3
.
Dy
na
m
ic
m
o
t
o
r
co
ntr
i
bu
t
io
n
F
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
I
E
C
6
0
9
0
9
,
w
e
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
u
b
t
r
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
a
r
g
e
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
s
b
y
r
e
p
l
a
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
t
f
a
u
l
t
i
n
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
(
t
=
0
)
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
r
s
u
b
t
r
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
(
Z
M
)
,
a
s
i
n
(
5
)
.
=
1
/
×
2
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
I
LR
/I
r
is
th
e
lo
ck
ed
-
r
o
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
atio
,
Ur
M
is
th
e
r
a
ted
m
o
to
r
v
o
ltag
e,
a
n
d
SrM
is
th
e
r
ated
ap
p
ar
en
t
p
o
wer
.
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
is
s
u
b
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
ea
ctan
ce
i
n
to
th
e
f
au
lt
lo
o
p
is
ess
en
tial,
as
n
eg
lectin
g
d
y
n
am
ic
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
u
n
d
er
esti
m
ates th
e
p
ea
k
asy
m
m
et
r
ical
f
au
lt c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
2
.
4
.
4
.
I
nv
er
s
e
-
t
im
e
re
la
y
o
pe
ra
t
io
n
(
I
E
C
6
0
2
5
5
-
1
5
1
)
W
e
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
d
e
f
in
ed
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
e
(
t
)
o
f
o
u
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
d
ig
ital
o
v
er
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
ea
r
th
-
f
au
lt r
elay
s
as
(
6
)
.
=
×
(
(
/
)
−
1
)
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
tim
e
m
u
ltip
lier
s
ettin
g
(
TMS
)
,
I
is
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
t,
I
s
is
th
e
r
elay
p
ick
-
u
p
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
ettin
g
,
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
tan
ts
k
an
d
α
d
e
f
in
e
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
cu
r
v
atu
r
e.
T
o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
o
v
er
r
id
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
ag
n
etizin
g
in
r
u
s
h
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
d
h
an
d
le
h
e
av
y
m
o
t
o
r
s
tar
tin
g
tr
a
n
s
ien
ts
,
we
ap
p
lied
I
E
C
v
er
y
in
v
e
r
s
e
(
k
=
1
3
.
5
,
α
=
1
.
0
)
an
d
I
E
C
ex
t
r
em
ely
in
v
er
s
e
(
k
=
8
0
.
0
,
α
=
2
.
0
)
c
u
r
v
es.
Su
ch
cu
s
to
m
in
v
er
s
e
-
tim
e
s
ettin
g
s
ar
e
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
tig
h
t
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
m
ar
g
in
s
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
g
r
id
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
W
e
d
etail
th
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
ettin
g
s
f
o
r
o
u
r
p
r
im
ar
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
d
e
v
ices in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
ig
ital r
elay
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
R
e
l
a
y
I
D
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
C
T
r
a
t
i
o
C
u
r
v
e
t
y
p
e
(
I
EC
)
P
i
c
k
u
p
(
I
s
)
TM
S
/
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
l
I
n
st
.
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
(
I
>
>
)
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
R
e
l
a
y
2
(
T2
I
n
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ly
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ed
p
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e
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e
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t
ch
ar
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ter
is
tic
(
T
C
C
)
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
p
l
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ts
g
en
er
ate
d
v
ia
E
T
AP.
Fo
r
o
u
r
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alu
atio
n
cr
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ia,
we
m
an
d
ated
a
s
tr
ict
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T
I
o
f
0
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3
5
s
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etwe
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r
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d
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p
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m
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b
ac
k
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p
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p
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n
d
ev
ices
to
en
s
u
r
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ab
s
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te
s
elec
tiv
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d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
176
8
-
17
79
1772
p
r
ev
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s
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tain
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o
f
0
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3
5
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a
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r
ely
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lis
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ed
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er
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tan
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ar
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o
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in
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
is
tr
ib
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tio
n
s
y
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tem
s
[
2
4
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e,
we
ev
alu
ated
th
e
u
ltima
te
s
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o
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cir
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cu
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ig
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ict
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with
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C
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tan
d
ar
d
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2
.
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.
E
t
hica
l
c
o
ns
idera
t
io
ns
No
t
ap
p
licab
le.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
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elies
en
tire
ly
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n
th
e
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ete
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m
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is
tic
s
o
f
twar
e
s
im
u
latio
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in
d
u
s
tr
ial
elec
tr
ical
in
f
r
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ctu
r
e
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n
d
m
ath
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atica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
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I
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
v
o
l
v
e
h
u
m
an
s
u
b
ject
s
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an
im
al
test
in
g
,
o
r
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en
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itiv
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p
r
iv
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
clar
ity
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ad
d
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ess
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
th
e
B
OFAL
E
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
to
p
r
esen
t
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
d
ata
o
b
jectiv
el
y
,
f
o
ll
o
wed
b
y
a
d
etailed
th
e
o
r
etica
l
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
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d
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
E
T
AP
s
o
f
twa
r
e,
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
es
2
-
7
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
d
ata
ar
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
ized
in
T
ab
les
3
-
7
.
3
.
1
.
P
re
s
ent
a
t
i
o
n o
f
r
esu
lt
s
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
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y
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tem
atica
lly
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alu
ated
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3
3
k
V/0
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4
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V
n
etwo
r
k
ac
r
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s
s
m
u
ltip
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e
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tates to
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tify
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er
e
v
o
ltag
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s
ag
s
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t su
r
g
es.
3
.
1
.
1
.
Scena
rio
A:
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
m
a
x
im
um
f
a
ult
curr
ent
Un
d
er
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th
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ase
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r
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V
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OFAL
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s
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ar
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s
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ated
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,
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m
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atin
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th
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ter
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p
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ch
is
d
etailed
in
T
ab
les
3
(
a
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an
d
3
(
b
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.
3
.
1
.
2
.
Scena
rio
B
:
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ly
s
is
o
f
s
equence
im
peda
nce
a
nd
g
ro
un
d f
a
ult
beha
v
io
r
A
s
in
g
le
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lin
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to
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g
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o
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n
d
(
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f
au
lt
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im
u
latio
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,
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
y
ield
ed
an
in
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m
m
etr
ical
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MS
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r
r
en
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f
7
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.
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1
5
k
A
,
wh
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u
r
p
r
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g
ly
ex
ce
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th
e
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r
ee
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p
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ase
s
y
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m
etr
ical
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r
r
en
t
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f
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.
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5
9
k
A
at
th
e
s
am
e
lo
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tio
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.
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h
is
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s
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3
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s
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h
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en
ce
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n
ce
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atin
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th
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itio
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e
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u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
les 4
(
a)
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d
4
(
b
)
.
3
.
1
.
3
.
Scena
rio
C:
I
m
pa
ct
o
f
re
a
ct
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e
po
wer
co
m
pens
a
t
io
n
T
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
f
au
lt
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
els
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
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y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
as m
o
d
eled
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Simu
l
atio
n
r
esu
lts
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h
o
w
a
to
tal
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
f
au
lt c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
9
6
.
4
7
6
k
A.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
th
is
to
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
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al
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e
(
9
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.
5
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6
k
A)
,
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e
v
ar
iatio
n
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n
e
g
lig
ib
le,
co
n
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ir
m
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te
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atio
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ca
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ito
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cir
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a
p
ac
ity
,
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ich
is
d
etailed
in
T
a
b
les 5
(
a)
an
d
5
(
b
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sh
o
r
t
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is
o
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th
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4
k
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B
OFAL
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1
b
u
s
b
ar
:
m
ax
im
u
m
c
o
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ib
u
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
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4
S
h
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Dr
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ath
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atica
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ir
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r
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ch
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.
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h
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Scen
a
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ase
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it c
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th
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p
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itiv
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-
s
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u
en
ce
im
p
ed
an
ce
(
Z
1
):
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=
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√
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⋅
1
(
7
)
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
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s
in
g
le
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lin
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to
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r
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s
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im
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ed
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ce
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:
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S
L
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=
√
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c
⋅
U
n
Z
1
+
Z
2
+
Z
0
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
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h
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2
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r
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itio
n
f
o
r
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>
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3Φ
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ictates:
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3
⋅
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n
2
Z
1
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0
>
c
⋅
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n
√
3
⋅
Z
1
⇒
3
Z
1
>
2
Z
1
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Z
0
⇒
Z
1
>
Z
0
(
9
)
As
em
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ir
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y
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s
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itio
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illed
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u
r
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.
E
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illu
s
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ase
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.
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a
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3
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Co
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h
prev
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us
s
t
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s
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T
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f
in
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s
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t
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v
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n
ce
m
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in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
p
r
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n
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
ev
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o
ltag
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s
ag
s
an
d
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in
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[
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[
25
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W
h
ile
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,
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3
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4
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I
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ates
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B
OFAL
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f
ac
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[
1
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.
3
.
4
.
1
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E
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