I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
7
~
1
7
5
4
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
7
.
i
3
.
p
p
1
7
4
7
-
1
7
5
4
1747
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
H
euris
tic
-
ba
sed
optimiza
tion
for s
ma
rt
ho
me en
ergy
ma
na
g
ement w
it
h
renewable
int
eg
ra
tion a
nd
energy
stora
g
e sy
stems
M
.
J
.
Su
g
a
ny
a
1
,
Y.
Su
k
hi
2
,
J
.
C.
Vinitha
3
,
J.
Su
m
it
hra
2
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
P
a
n
i
m
a
l
a
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
R
M
K
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
R
a
j
a
l
a
k
s
h
mi
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
4
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s a
n
d
C
o
m
mu
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
R
M
D
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
No
v
2
2
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
Au
g
3
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Au
g
1
4
,
2
0
2
6
T
h
e
r
a
p
i
d
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
e
n
e
r
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
i
n
u
r
b
a
n
a
r
e
a
s
e
m
p
h
a
s
i
z
e
s
t
h
e
n
e
c
e
ss
i
t
y
o
f
e
f
f
i
c
ie
n
t
d
e
m
a
n
d
-
s
i
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(
D
S
M
)
s
t
ra
t
e
g
i
e
s
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
-
b
a
se
d
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
a
p
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
s
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
(
R
S
ER
s
)
a
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s (
ES
S
s
)
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
s
t
o
m
i
n
im
i
z
e
t
h
e
e
lec
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
c
o
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
e
a
k
-
to
-
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
r
a
t
i
o
(
P
A
R
)
w
h
i
le
sa
t
i
s
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
se
r
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
.
T
h
r
e
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
(G
A
)
,
b
i
n
a
r
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
sw
a
rm
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
B
P
S
O
)
,
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
W
DO
)
,
a
re
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
e
d
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
r
e
e
sc
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
:
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
i
t
h
RS
E
R
s
,
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
b
o
t
h
R
S
E
R
s
a
n
d
E
S
S
s
.
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
B
P
S
O
h
a
s
th
e
l
o
w
e
s
t
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
i
t
y
c
o
s
t
a
n
d
c
a
r
b
o
n
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
,
w
h
i
l
e
W
D
O
h
a
s
a
f
a
s
t
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
c
e
s
p
e
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
P
A
R
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
.
R
S
E
R
a
n
d
E
S
S
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
h
a
s
a
m
a
j
o
r
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
g
r
i
d
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
g
i
v
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
s
t
o
c
h
o
o
s
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
t
o
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
,
a
n
d
u
s
e
r
-
c
e
n
t
r
ic
s
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ma
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
Sm
ar
t g
r
id
Sm
ar
t h
o
m
e
So
lar
en
er
g
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
M.
J
.
Su
g
an
y
a
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Pan
i
m
alar
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
C
o
lleg
e
B
an
g
alo
r
e
T
r
u
n
k
R
o
ad
,
Var
ad
h
ar
ajap
u
r
a
m
,
Po
o
n
am
allee
,
C
h
en
n
ai
-
6
0
0
1
2
3
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
s
u
g
i.m
j@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
ap
i
d
u
r
b
a
n
i
za
ti
o
n
i
n
s
o
m
e
ar
ea
s
h
as
ca
u
s
e
d
a
n
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
r
esi
d
e
n
ti
al
b
u
i
ld
in
g
s
.
S
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
es
(
SHs
)
wit
h
s
m
ar
t
m
et
er
in
g
i
n
f
r
ast
r
u
ct
u
r
e
,
s
m
ar
t
co
n
t
r
o
ll
er
s
,
a
n
d
au
t
o
m
at
e
d
a
p
p
li
an
ce
s
ar
e
k
e
y
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
n
d
em
an
d
s
i
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
em
en
t
(
DSM
)
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
t
em
s
ar
e
ab
le
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
l
o
a
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
u
s
i
n
g
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
el
ec
t
r
ic
it
y
p
r
i
ci
n
g
,
d
em
a
n
d
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
(
DR
)
s
i
g
n
als
,
an
d
l
o
ca
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
v
ai
la
b
il
it
y
[
1
]
-
[
5
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
t
h
e
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
at
io
n
o
f
r
e
n
ew
a
b
le
a
n
d
s
u
s
t
ai
n
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
(
R
S
E
R
s
)
s
u
ch
as
s
o
l
ar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
ai
c
(
PV
)
s
y
s
t
em
s
wit
h
e
n
er
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
E
SS
s
)
e
n
h
a
n
c
es
t
h
e
ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
ld
s
t
o
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
g
r
id
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
y
,
o
p
e
r
a
t
io
n
al
c
o
s
ts
,
a
n
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
i
o
n
s
[
6
]
-
[
8
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ef
f
icien
t
ap
p
lian
ce
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
in
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
es
is
s
till
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
task
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
s
to
ch
asti
c
n
atu
r
e
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
l
e
g
en
er
atio
n
,
tim
e
-
v
ar
y
in
g
ele
ctr
icity
tar
if
f
s
,
an
d
u
s
er
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
is
in
h
er
e
n
tly
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
,
co
m
b
in
at
o
r
ial
,
an
d
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e,
s
o
tr
ad
i
tio
n
al
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icien
t
t
o
f
in
d
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
tim
e
[
9
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
174
7
-
1
7
5
4
1748
DSM
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
lim
ited
i
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
b
y
p
o
o
r
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
lead
to
h
i
g
h
p
ea
k
d
em
an
d
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
elec
tr
icity
co
s
t,
an
d
u
s
er
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t
[
1
3
]
-
[
1
4
]
.
Heu
r
is
tic
an
d
m
et
a
-
h
eu
r
is
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
wid
el
y
ad
o
p
ted
to
o
v
e
r
c
o
m
e
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es,
d
u
e
to
th
eir
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
an
d
ab
ilit
y
t
o
s
o
lv
e
co
m
p
lex
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Gen
etic
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
GA)
an
d
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
PS
O)
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
ed
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
elec
tr
icity
co
s
t
an
d
p
ea
k
-
to
-
av
er
ag
e
r
atio
(
PAR
)
in
r
esi
d
en
tial
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
8
]
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
J
u
n
io
r
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
a
n
d
B
h
ar
at
h
i
et
a
l
.
[
9
]
r
ep
o
r
ted
r
em
ar
k
a
b
le
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
lo
a
d
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
u
s
in
g
GA
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
.
L
ik
ewise,
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
PS
O
an
d
b
in
ar
y
p
a
r
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
B
PS
O)
f
o
r
d
is
cr
ete
ap
p
lian
ce
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
was
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
Me
n
o
s
-
Aik
ater
in
iad
is
et
a
l.
[
3
]
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
win
d
-
d
r
iv
e
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
W
DO)
an
d
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
a
d
v
an
ce
d
h
eu
r
is
tic
tech
n
i
q
u
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
f
o
r
th
eir
en
h
an
ce
d
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
u
n
d
er
d
y
n
am
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
lo
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
th
at
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
f
o
cu
s
es
m
o
s
tly
o
n
s
im
p
lifi
ed
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
els
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
m
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
s
.
R
en
ewa
b
le
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
u
s
er
co
m
f
o
r
t
cr
iter
ia
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
o
v
e
r
lo
o
k
ed
o
r
o
v
er
s
im
p
lifie
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
t
f
o
r
u
p
d
ated
an
d
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
is
f
u
r
th
er
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ted
b
y
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
8
]
ar
e
n
o
t
a
d
ap
tab
le
to
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
etu
p
s
.
Desp
ite
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
till
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
esear
ch
g
ap
s
.
First,
th
er
e
a
r
en
'
t
m
an
y
u
n
if
ied
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
ass
ess
v
ar
io
u
s
h
eu
r
is
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
in
a
m
eth
o
d
ical
m
an
n
e
r
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
am
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
S
ec
o
n
d
,
n
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
o
n
h
o
w
R
SERs
an
d
E
SS
s
to
g
eth
e
r
af
f
ec
t
DSM
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
s
ettin
g
s
[
2
9
]
-
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
ir
d
,
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
o
f
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
is
lim
ited
b
y
th
eir
in
ad
eq
u
ate
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
u
s
er
co
m
f
o
r
t,
d
ela
y
to
ler
an
ce
,
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
b
est
o
p
tim
izati
o
n
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
is
lim
ited
b
y
th
e
lack
o
f
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
c
r
ea
tes
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
h
eu
r
is
tic
-
b
ased
DSM
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
f
ill in
th
ese
g
ap
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
e
th
is
wo
r
k
'
s
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
:
-
T
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
m
u
lti
-
o
b
je
ctiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
r
ed
u
ce
PAR
an
d
elec
tr
icity
co
s
ts
wh
ile
pr
eser
v
in
g
u
s
er
co
m
f
o
r
t
.
-
T
h
r
ee
h
e
u
r
is
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es a
r
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
a
n
d
ev
al
u
ated
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
: WDO,
B
PS
O,
an
d
GA.
-
T
h
r
ee
r
ea
lis
tic
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ar
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
:
i)
with
o
u
t
R
SER/
E
SS
,
ii)
with
R
SER
s
,
an
d
iii)
with
b
o
t
h
R
SERs
an
d
E
SS
s
.
-
T
h
e
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
m
a
n
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
u
s
er
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t,
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
PA
R
,
an
d
p
o
we
r
co
s
t
.
-
E
x
am
in
in
g
ea
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d
f
r
a
m
ew
o
r
k
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
c
al
a
n
d
u
s
e
f
u
l w
a
y
t
o
m
a
x
i
m
i
z
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
u
s
e
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
il
i
t
y
,
l
o
w
e
r
s
p
e
a
k
d
e
m
a
n
d
,
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
b
y
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
w
ith
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
n
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
[
2
6
]
-
[
3
0
]
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
i
o
n
e
r
s
c
a
n
c
h
o
o
s
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
ti
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
f
o
r
D
S
M
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
h
e
l
p
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
ti
v
e
i
n
s
i
g
h
ts
g
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
al
s
o
e
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
t
h
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
e
l
li
g
e
n
t
,
s
ca
l
a
b
l
e
,
a
n
d
u
s
e
r
-
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
lu
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
s
m
a
r
t
g
r
i
d
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
F
O
R
H
E
URI
ST
I
C
-
B
A
SE
D
AP
P
L
I
ANCE S
CH
E
DU
L
I
NG
I
N
S
M
AR
T
H
O
M
E
S
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
tr
o
l
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
en
er
g
y
u
n
d
er
DSM,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
.
Su
b
ject
t
o
u
s
er
co
m
f
o
r
t
li
m
its
,
th
e
g
o
al
is
to
s
ch
e
d
u
le
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
ap
p
lian
ce
s
as
ef
f
icien
tly
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
wh
ile
m
in
im
izin
g
elec
tr
icity
co
s
ts
an
d
PAR
.
Un
d
er
t
h
e
s
am
e
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
r
ee
h
eu
r
is
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
a
n
d
ass
ess
ed
:
B
PS
O,
W
DO,
a
n
d
GA.
T
h
e
E
SS
s
,
r
en
ewa
b
le
an
d
R
SERs
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
r
e
ev
alu
ate
d
u
s
in
g
a
s
ce
n
ar
io
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
r
ee
h
e
u
r
is
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
(
HOT
s
)
a
r
e
u
s
ed
t
o
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
o
p
tim
izatio
n
pr
o
b
lem
:
B
PS
O,
W
D
O,
an
d
GA
.
T
o
f
in
d
n
ea
r
-
o
p
tim
al
s
ch
ed
u
les,
ea
ch
m
eth
o
d
en
c
o
d
es
th
e
ap
p
lian
ce
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
m
at
r
ix
,
iter
ativ
ely
ass
ess
e
s
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
s
elec
tio
n
,
m
u
tatio
n
,
o
r
v
elo
city
u
p
d
ates.
W
DO
u
s
es
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
v
elo
city
d
y
n
am
ics
to
r
ep
l
icate
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
p
ar
ticle
m
o
v
em
en
t,
B
PS
O
m
im
ics
s
o
cial
m
o
v
em
en
t
p
atter
n
s
,
an
d
GA
m
im
ics
b
io
lo
g
ical
ev
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
alg
o
r
i
th
m
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
ca
n
s
o
lv
e
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e,
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
,
a
n
d
co
n
s
t
r
ain
ed
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
ar
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
i
n
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
en
er
g
y
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
.
T
o
g
u
a
r
an
tee
a
f
air
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
,
all
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
s
am
e
ap
p
lian
ce
r
estrictio
n
s
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
L
astl
y
,
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
ct
o
f
R
SER
a
n
d
E
SS
in
te
g
r
ati
o
n
is
e
v
al
u
at
ed
b
y
t
esti
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
G
A,
B
PS
O
,
a
n
d
W
DO
i
n
th
r
e
e
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
itu
ati
o
n
s
.
R
e
n
e
wa
b
l
e
en
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
ar
e
n
o
t
u
s
e
d
i
n
s
ce
n
a
r
i
o
1
;
r
e
n
ewa
b
l
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Heu
r
is
tic
-
b
a
s
ed
o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
fo
r
s
ma
r
t h
o
me
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t wi
th
…
(
M.
J.
S
u
g
a
n
ya
)
1749
en
er
g
y
is
u
s
e
d
i
n
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
2
;
an
d
b
o
th
r
e
n
e
wa
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
an
d
E
SS
ar
e
u
s
e
d
in
s
ce
n
a
r
i
o
3
.
Fo
r
e
v
e
r
y
s
ce
n
a
r
i
o
,
m
et
r
i
cs
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
el
ec
t
r
i
cit
y
c
o
s
t
,
PAR
,
u
s
er
p
a
in
,
a
n
d
c
ar
b
o
n
e
m
is
s
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
ca
l
cu
lat
e
d
.
Plo
t
ti
n
g
th
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
w
ell
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
,
h
o
w
it
c
o
n
v
er
g
es,
a
n
d
h
o
w
it
g
ets
b
ett
er
wit
h
tim
e
f
r
o
m
s
ce
n
a
r
i
o
1
to
s
ce
n
a
r
i
o
3
.
As
ill
u
s
t
r
at
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
t
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
ica
l
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
i
n
te
g
r
ati
n
g
r
e
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
wit
h
h
e
u
r
is
tic
o
p
ti
m
iz
ati
o
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ili
ty
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
i
ci
en
cy
o
f
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
es
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Heu
r
is
tic
-
b
ased
ap
p
l
ian
ce
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
i
n
s
m
ar
t h
o
m
es
2
.
1
.
G
enet
ic
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(
G
A)
T
h
e
g
en
etic
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
b
eg
in
s
b
y
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
g
e
n
er
atin
g
a
n
in
itial
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
a
p
p
lian
ce
s
ch
ed
u
les.
E
ac
h
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
o
n
e
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
ch
ed
u
le.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ev
alu
ates
ea
ch
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
elec
tr
icity
c
o
s
t,
PAR
,
u
s
er
co
m
f
o
r
t,
a
n
d
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
T
o
u
r
n
am
e
n
t
s
elec
tio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
id
en
tify
th
e
f
ittes
t
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
Mu
lti
-
p
o
in
t
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
a
n
d
a
d
ap
tiv
e
m
u
t
atio
n
g
en
e
r
ate
n
ew
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tin
u
es u
n
til th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
s
is
r
ea
ch
ed
o
r
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
is
ac
h
iev
ed
.
2
.
2
.
B
ina
ry
p
a
rt
icle
s
wa
rm
o
ptim
iza
t
io
n (
B
P
SO
)
T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
PS
O
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
ex
ten
d
e
d
to
b
in
ar
y
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
es
b
y
B
PS
O.
E
ac
h
p
ar
ticle
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
p
o
ten
tial sch
ed
u
le
an
d
u
s
es a
s
ig
m
o
id
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
a
v
elo
city
u
p
d
ate
r
u
le
to
u
p
d
ate
its
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
v
el
o
city
u
p
d
ate
ca
n
b
e
wr
itten
as
(
1
)
:
v
t
+
1
=
+
1
1
+
(
+
)
+
2
2
(
−
)
(
1
)
an
d
th
e
s
ig
m
o
i
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
as sh
o
wn
in
(
2
)
.
(
)
=
1
1
+
−
(
2
)
2
.
3
.
Wind
-
driv
en
o
ptim
iza
t
i
o
n (
WDO
)
W
DO
s
im
u
lates
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
m
o
tio
n
,
in
wh
ic
h
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
a
r
ticles
ar
e
s
u
b
ject
to
C
o
r
io
lis
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
,
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
an
d
g
r
a
v
ity
.
Stro
n
g
g
lo
b
al
s
ea
r
c
h
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
ar
e
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
t
h
is
p
h
y
s
ics
-
b
ased
b
eh
av
io
r
,
wh
ich
en
h
a
n
ce
s
en
er
g
y
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
b
y
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
s
t,
PAR
,
an
d
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
=
(
1
−
)
−
⋅
+
⋅
|
1
−
1
|
⋅
(
−
)
+
⋅
ℎ
(
3
)
3.
P
E
RF
O
RM
A
NCE
M
E
T
R
I
C
S
3
.
1
.
Co
s
t
s
a
v
ing
T
h
e
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
'
s
o
v
er
all
co
s
t
f
o
r
g
r
id
en
e
r
g
y
u
s
ag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
h
o
r
izo
n
is
ass
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
elec
tr
icity
co
s
t
m
etr
ic.
T
h
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ately
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
f
in
an
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
as we
ll a
s
its
ca
p
ac
ity
to
tak
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
lo
w
-
co
s
t tim
es a
n
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
174
7
-
1
7
5
4
1750
=
∑
(
(
)
⋅
Δ
⋅
(
)
)
=
1
(
4
)
c
o
s
t Sav
in
g
=
−
×
100
%
(
5
)
3
.
2
.
P
AR
re
du
ct
io
n
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
ea
k
elec
tr
icity
d
em
an
d
in
r
elatio
n
to
av
er
a
g
e
u
s
ag
e
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
PAR
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
Sm
o
o
th
er
lo
a
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
lo
wer
PAR
v
alu
es,
wh
ich
les
s
en
g
r
id
s
tr
ess
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
PAR
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
.
=
m
ax
∈
(
(
)
)
1
∑
=
1
(
)
(
6
)
PAR
R
ed
u
ctio
n
=
−
*
1
0
0
(
7
)
3
.
3
.
E
m
is
s
io
n r
educt
io
n
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
b
y
wh
ic
h
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
f
o
ll
o
win
g
o
p
tim
izatio
n
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
is
s
tatis
t
ic.
Gr
ea
ter
r
ed
u
ctio
n
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
es
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
en
e
r
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
tem
's
ef
f
icien
t
ut
ilizatio
n
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
r
elian
ce
o
n
th
e
g
r
id
,
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
to
tal
ca
r
b
o
n
em
is
s
io
n
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
as:
=
∑
(
(
)
⋅
Δ
⋅
)
=
1
(
8
)
E
m
is
s
io
n
R
ed
u
ctio
n
=
−
*
1
0
0
(
9
)
4.
PE
R
FORMA
N
C
E
C
O
M
PA
R
ISO
N
O
F
G
A
, B
PS
O
, A
N
D
WD
O
FOR S
MAR
T
H
O
ME
E
N
E
R
G
Y
O
PT
IM
IZA
T
IO
N
T
h
r
ee
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
co
n
tr
asted
in
th
e
tab
le
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
c
o
s
t,
PAR
,
em
i
s
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e.
W
DO
o
p
er
ates
at
th
e
f
aste
s
t
r
ate,
wh
er
ea
s
B
PS
O
ac
h
iev
es
th
e
lo
we
s
t
co
s
t
an
d
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
As
T
ab
le
1
illu
s
tr
ates,
GA
an
d
W
DO
ex
h
ib
it
th
e
s
am
e
co
s
t
an
d
PAR
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
s
im
ilar
o
p
tim
izatio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
u
n
d
er
t
h
ese
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
GA,
B
PS
O,
an
d
W
DO
S
l
.
n
o
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
(
a
l
g
o
)
C
o
s
t
P
A
R
Emi
ssi
o
n
s
Ti
me
(
s)
1
GA
2
.
2
2
4
.
3
7
8
1
5
.
3
4
7
.
2
0
2
B
P
S
O
2
.
2
0
4
.
4
5
1
1
5
.
0
9
7
.
6
5
3
W
D
O
2
.
2
2
4
.
3
7
8
1
5
.
3
4
6
.
2
1
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
5
.
1
.
Co
nv
er
g
ence
curv
e
co
mp
a
riso
n
Du
r
in
g
a
p
p
lian
ce
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
cu
r
v
e
ass
ess
es
h
o
w
well
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
(
GA,
B
PS
O,
an
d
W
DO
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
id
ea
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
itn
e
s
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
'
s
v
ar
iatio
n
o
v
er
iter
atio
n
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
f
itn
ess
v
alu
e
o
f
all
th
r
ee
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
h
o
ws
a
s
tead
y
d
ec
lin
in
g
tr
en
d
,
in
d
i
ca
tin
g
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
lly
r
eso
lv
in
g
th
e
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
DSM
is
s
u
e.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
p
h
y
s
ics
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wh
ich
g
u
ar
a
n
tees
a
b
etter
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
,
W
DO
ex
h
ib
its
th
e
f
astes
t
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
am
o
n
g
th
em
,
at
tain
in
g
s
tab
ilit
y
in
f
ewe
r
iter
atio
n
s
.
GA,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
co
n
v
e
r
g
es
m
o
r
e
s
lo
wly
b
ec
au
s
e
its
s
to
ch
asti
c
c
r
o
s
s
o
v
er
an
d
m
u
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
m
ay
p
o
s
tp
o
n
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
wh
ile
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
ea
r
ch
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
.
B
PS
O
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
m
o
d
e
r
ately
a
n
d
b
en
e
f
its
f
r
o
m
s
war
m
in
tellig
en
ce
,
alth
o
u
g
h
,
as
F
ig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates,
it
o
cc
asio
n
ally
h
as p
r
em
atu
r
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
.
5
.
2
.
M
et
ric
co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
G
A,
B
P
SO
a
nd
WDO
Fo
u
r
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
th
r
ee
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
in
th
is
b
ar
g
r
ap
h
:
p
o
wer
c
o
s
t,
p
ea
k
-
to
-
av
er
a
g
e
r
atio
(
PAR
)
,
em
is
s
i
o
n
s
,
an
d
u
s
er
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t.
Plo
t
tin
g
th
ese
n
u
m
b
er
s
s
id
e
b
y
s
id
e
m
ak
es
it
ea
s
y
to
s
ee
wh
ich
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
f
er
s
b
etter
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
p
lay
m
ak
es
it
ea
s
y
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
an
d
illu
s
tr
ates
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
s
ac
r
o
s
s
m
etr
ics.
As
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
b
est
h
eu
r
is
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
d
e
m
an
d
-
s
id
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
m
ar
t h
o
m
e
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Heu
r
is
tic
-
b
a
s
ed
o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
fo
r
s
ma
r
t h
o
me
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t wi
th
…
(
M.
J.
S
u
g
a
n
ya
)
1751
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
cu
r
v
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Me
tr
ic
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
GA
,
B
PS
O
,
an
d
W
DO
5
.
3
.
G
rid v
s
s
o
la
r
ener
g
y
T
h
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
PV
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
g
r
id
en
e
r
g
y
u
s
ag
e
o
v
er
a
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
p
er
io
d
i
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
m
ak
es
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
,
lo
wer
in
g
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
cy
o
n
th
e
g
r
id
.
A
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
r
en
ew
ab
le
en
er
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
p
ea
k
s
u
n
lig
h
t
h
o
u
r
s
,
wh
ich
lo
wer
s
p
o
wer
p
r
ices
an
d
em
is
s
io
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eli
es
o
n
g
r
id
p
o
we
r
at
n
ig
h
t
o
r
at
tim
es
wh
en
s
o
lar
g
en
er
ati
o
n
is
m
in
im
al,
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
(
E
SS
s
)
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
e
n
er
g
y
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
y
.
Op
ti
m
ized
ap
p
lian
ce
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
a
n
d
s
o
lar
in
teg
r
atio
n
wo
r
k
to
g
et
h
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
ea
k
d
em
an
d
a
n
d
s
m
o
o
th
th
e
lo
a
d
p
r
o
f
ile.
Du
r
in
g
ap
p
lian
ce
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
c
u
r
v
e
co
n
tr
a
s
ts
th
e
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
with
wh
ich
GA,
B
PS
O,
an
d
W
DO
ar
r
iv
e
at
id
ea
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
g
r
a
p
h
d
is
p
lay
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
tab
ilit
y
,
s
ea
r
ch
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
tr
en
d
s
b
y
ch
ar
t
in
g
th
e
o
p
tim
al
f
itn
ess
v
alu
e
o
v
er
iter
atio
n
s
.
A
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
is
in
d
ica
ted
b
y
f
aster
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
ea
ch
h
eu
r
is
tic
tech
n
iq
u
e
ar
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
in
th
is
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
aid
s
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
wh
ic
h
alg
o
r
ith
m
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
s
t,
PAR
,
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t t
h
e
b
est.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
174
7
-
1
7
5
4
1752
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Gr
id
v
s
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
All
th
r
ee
h
eu
r
is
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
(
GA,
B
P
SO,
an
d
W
DO
)
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
lo
wer
th
e
f
itn
ess
v
alu
e
o
v
er
iter
atio
n
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
s
tu
d
y
.
W
DO
h
as
b
etter
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
c
ap
ab
ilit
ies
f
o
r
ap
p
lian
ce
s
ch
e
d
u
lin
g
,
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
in
g
m
o
r
e
q
u
ic
k
ly
an
d
r
ea
ch
in
g
a
lo
wer
f
itn
ess
v
alu
e.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
is
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
m
etr
ic
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
,
w
h
ich
s
h
o
ws
th
at
W
DO
h
as
th
e
lo
west
elec
tr
icity
co
s
t,
PAR
,
em
is
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
u
s
er
d
is
c
o
m
f
o
r
t,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
B
PS
O
an
d
GA.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
im
p
ly
th
at
W
DO
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
b
alan
ce
d
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
en
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
i
n
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
es.
T
h
e
l
o
ad
s
h
if
tin
g
cu
r
v
e
,
wh
er
e
t
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
ile
s
h
o
ws
f
ewe
r
p
ea
k
s
an
d
a
s
m
o
o
th
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
a
y
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
DSM.
T
h
is
ch
an
g
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
en
er
g
y
co
s
ts
u
n
d
er
tim
e
-
of
-
u
s
e
p
r
icin
g
an
d
less
en
s
th
e
s
tr
ain
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
id
.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
s
o
lar
v
e
r
s
u
s
g
r
id
en
er
g
y
g
r
a
p
h
s
h
o
ws
th
at
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
m
ak
es
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ay
,
lo
wer
i
n
g
r
elian
ce
o
n
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
h
eu
r
is
tic
o
p
tim
izatio
n
co
m
b
i
n
ed
with
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
im
p
r
o
v
es c
o
s
t e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
,
lo
wer
s
p
ea
k
d
em
an
d
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
s
m
ar
t h
o
m
es.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
was
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
o
r
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
th
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
with
o
u
t
f
in
an
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
an
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ag
e
n
cy
,
p
r
iv
ate
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
o
r
o
th
er
f
u
n
d
in
g
b
o
d
y
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
M.
J
.
Su
g
an
y
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Y.
Su
k
h
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
J
.
C
.
Vin
ith
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
J
.
Su
m
ith
r
a
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
th
e
y
h
av
e
n
o
k
n
o
wn
co
m
p
etin
g
f
i
n
an
cial
in
ter
ests
,
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
o
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
th
at
co
u
ld
h
av
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
th
e
wo
r
k
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
No
p
o
liti
ca
l,
r
elig
io
u
s
,
id
eo
lo
g
ical,
ac
ad
e
m
ic,
o
r
in
t
ellec
tu
al
co
n
f
licts
ar
e
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
th
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
th
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
i
n
ter
est.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Heu
r
is
tic
-
b
a
s
ed
o
p
timiz
a
tio
n
fo
r
s
ma
r
t h
o
me
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t wi
th
…
(
M.
J.
S
u
g
a
n
ya
)
1753
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
R
aw
d
ata
is
n
o
t p
u
b
licly
av
ail
ab
le
d
u
e
to
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
estrictio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
N
.
Jav
a
i
d
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
h
y
b
r
i
d
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
w
i
n
d
d
r
i
v
e
n
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
d
e
m
a
n
d
si
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
sm
a
r
t
g
r
i
d
,
”
En
e
r
g
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
3
1
9
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
0
0
3
0
3
1
9
.
[
2
]
H
.
A
l
g
h
a
md
i
,
L
.
-
G
.
H
u
a
,
G
.
H
a
f
e
e
z
,
S
.
M
u
r
a
w
w
a
t
,
I
.
B
o
u
a
z
z
i
,
a
n
d
B
.
A
l
g
h
a
m
d
i
,
“
O
p
t
i
ma
l
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
b
a
s
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
l
o
a
d
s
u
s
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
i
n
smar
t
g
r
i
d
,
”
PLO
S
O
N
E
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
.
e
0
3
0
7
2
2
8
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
.
p
o
n
e
.
0
3
0
7
2
2
8
.
[
3
]
C
.
M
e
n
o
s
-
A
i
k
a
t
e
r
i
n
i
a
d
i
s,
I
.
La
m
p
r
i
n
o
s
,
a
n
d
P
.
S
.
G
e
o
r
g
i
l
a
k
i
s
,
“
P
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
sw
a
r
m
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
d
e
ma
n
d
-
s
i
d
e
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
:
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
sc
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
ms
f
o
r
d
e
ma
n
d
r
e
sp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
.
2
2
1
1
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
5
0
6
2
2
1
1
.
[
4
]
J.
A
g
n
e
e
ss
e
n
s
,
T
.
V
a
n
d
o
o
r
n
,
B
.
M
e
e
r
sman
,
a
n
d
L.
V
a
n
d
e
v
e
l
d
e
,
“
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
b
i
n
a
r
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
sw
a
r
m
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
a
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
i
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
s
y
st
e
m,”
i
n
I
ET
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
P
o
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
ra
t
i
o
n
(
RPG
2
0
1
1
)
,
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
P
3
2
–
P
3
2
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
c
p
.
2
0
1
1
.
0
2
2
8
.
[
5
]
N
.
Tu
t
k
u
n
,
A
.
B
u
r
g
i
o
,
M
.
Ja
si
n
sk
i
,
Z.
Le
o
n
o
w
i
c
z
,
a
n
d
E.
Jas
i
n
sk
a
,
“
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
sc
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
o
f
sm
a
r
t
h
o
m
e
a
p
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
c
o
n
si
d
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
a
n
d
p
e
a
k
-
to
-
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
r
a
t
i
o
i
n
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
h
o
mes
,
”
En
e
rg
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
4
,
p
.
8
5
1
0
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
4
2
4
8
5
1
0
.
[
6
]
G
.
R
.
H
e
ma
n
t
h
,
S
.
C
h
a
r
l
e
s
R
a
j
a
,
J.
J
.
D
.
N
e
s
a
ma
l
a
r
,
a
n
d
J
.
S
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
“
C
o
s
t
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
b
y
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
d
e
ma
n
d
s
i
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
l
a
sses
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
l
o
a
d
s,”
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
Bu
i
l
d
i
n
g
E
n
e
r
g
y
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
–
1
7
0
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
7
5
1
2
5
4
9
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
7
5
2
7
9
9
.
[
7
]
C
.
B
a
l
a
s
u
b
r
a
ma
n
i
a
n
a
n
d
R
.
L
.
R
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
I
o
T
-
b
a
s
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
i
n
sm
a
r
t
g
r
i
d
u
n
d
e
r
p
r
i
c
e
b
a
se
d
d
e
ma
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
se
b
a
se
d
o
n
h
y
b
r
i
d
F
H
O
-
R
E
R
N
N
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,”
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
1
,
p
.
1
2
2
8
5
1
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
a
p
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
2
2
8
5
1
.
[
8
]
L.
C
.
S
.
J
u
n
i
o
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
D
e
ma
n
d
-
si
d
e
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
u
si
n
g
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
ms
:
a
c
a
se
st
u
d
y
,
”
En
e
rg
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
.
1
4
6
3
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
7
0
6
1
4
6
3
.
[
9
]
C
.
B
h
a
r
a
t
h
i
,
D
.
R
e
k
h
a
,
a
n
d
V
.
V
i
j
a
y
a
k
u
mar,
“
G
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
b
a
s
e
d
d
e
m
a
n
d
si
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
f
o
r
s
mart
g
r
i
d
,
”
W
i
re
l
e
ss
Pe
rso
n
a
l
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
8
1
–
5
0
2
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
1
2
7
7
-
0
1
7
-
3
9
5
9
-
z.
[
1
0
]
Q
.
Z
h
u
,
Y
.
Li
,
a
n
d
J
.
S
o
n
g
,
“
D
S
M
a
n
d
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
mu
l
t
i
h
o
p
s
mart
g
r
i
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m,”
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
N
e
u
ro
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
0
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
5
/
2
0
2
2
/
5
3
5
4
3
2
6
.
[
1
1
]
L.
K
o
n
g
,
X
.
Li
,
a
n
d
H
.
H
a
y
a
t
i
,
“
S
mart
h
o
m
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
:
A
n
a
me
n
d
e
d
sp
a
r
r
o
w
se
a
r
c
h
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
g
r
i
d
st
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
c
o
s
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
0
,
p
.
1
3
6
9
4
4
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
2
0
2
5
.
1
3
6
9
4
4
.
[
1
2
]
M
.
A
n
z
a
r
,
R
.
I
q
r
a
,
A
.
K
o
u
sar
,
S
.
Ej
a
z
,
M
.
S
.
A
l
v
a
r
e
z
-
A
l
v
a
r
a
d
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
K
.
Z
a
f
a
r
,
“
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
o
me
e
n
e
r
g
y
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
st
e
m
i
n
s
mart
g
r
i
d
f
o
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
d
e
ma
n
d
si
d
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
”
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
2
0
1
7
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
En
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
I
R
S
E
C
2
0
1
7
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
R
S
EC
.
2
0
1
7
.
8
4
7
7
2
5
5
.
[
1
3
]
S
.
A
z
n
a
v
i
,
P
.
F
a
j
r
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
s
r
a
r
i
,
“
S
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
r
i
c
i
n
g
o
f
p
l
u
g
-
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
,
”
2
0
1
8
I
E
E
E
E
n
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
C
o
n
g
r
e
s
s
a
n
d
E
x
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
,
E
C
C
E
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
6
7
–
7
2
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
E
C
C
E
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
5
5
7
3
6
3
.
[
1
4
]
M
.
I
.
E
l
-
A
f
i
f
i
,
B
.
E.
S
e
d
h
o
m
,
A
.
A
.
El
a
d
l
,
M
.
El
g
a
mal
,
a
n
d
P
.
S
i
a
n
o
,
“
D
e
m
a
n
d
s
i
d
e
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
f
o
r
smar
t
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
u
si
n
g
mu
l
t
i
-
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
R
e
su
l
t
s
i
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
i
n
e
n
g
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
2
2
6
5
.
[
1
5
]
H
.
Y
o
u
ss
e
f
,
S
.
K
a
me
l
,
a
n
d
M
.
H
.
H
a
s
san
,
“
M
e
t
a
-
h
e
u
r
i
st
i
c
-
b
a
se
d
h
o
me
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
s
t
e
m f
o
r
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
i
n
g
smar
t
a
p
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
sch
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
c
o
st
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
e
s,”
N
e
u
r
a
l
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
,
n
o
.
3
6
,
p
p
.
2
3
0
7
7
–
2
3
1
0
2
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
0
0
5
2
1
-
0
2
4
-
1
0
2
7
5
-
2.
[
1
6
]
Z.
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
o
f
h
o
me
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
(
H
E
M
C
)
u
s
i
n
g
h
e
u
r
i
st
i
c
o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
”
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
1
3
7
8
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
su
1
5
0
2
1
3
7
8
.
[
1
7
]
B
.
H
.
J
a
s
i
m
,
A
.
M
.
J
.
A
l
-
A
a
r
a
g
e
e
,
A
.
A
.
A
.
A
l
a
w
s
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
.
D
a
k
h
i
l
,
“
A
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
h
o
m
e
a
p
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
s
,
”
B
u
l
l
e
t
i
n
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
6
–
1
2
6
6
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
e
e
i
.
v
1
2
i
3
.
3
9
8
9
.
[
1
8
]
S
.
M
.
D
a
r
a
g
m
e
h
,
A
.
T
.
K
a
r
l
s
e
n
,
a
n
d
I
.
A
.
H
a
m
e
e
d
,
“
H
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
f
o
r
r
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
l
d
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n
C
o
u
n
c
i
l
f
o
r
M
o
d
e
l
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
E
C
M
S
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
2
2
-
M
a
y
,
p
p
.
2
5
4
–
2
6
1
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
7
1
4
8
/
2
0
2
2
-
0
2
5
4
.
[
1
9
]
M
.
S
.
B
a
k
a
r
e
,
A
.
A
b
d
u
l
k
a
r
i
m,
M
.
Z
e
e
sh
a
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
N
.
S
h
u
a
i
b
u
,
“
A
c
o
mp
r
e
h
e
n
si
v
e
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
n
d
e
m
a
n
d
si
d
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
smar
t
g
r
i
d
s
:
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s,
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
En
e
rg
y
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
4
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
4
2
1
6
2
-
0
2
3
-
0
0
2
6
2
-
7.
[
2
0
]
S
.
B
a
l
a
s
u
b
r
a
ma
n
i
y
a
n
,
P
.
D
u
r
a
i
p
a
n
d
y
,
N
.
K
a
l
y
a
n
i
,
P
.
S
h
a
n
m
u
g
a
r
a
j
a
,
D
.
S
h
o
b
a
n
a
,
a
n
d
M
.
V
i
m
a
l
a
,
“
C
o
mp
a
r
i
s
o
n
o
f
r
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
2
S
i
x
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
-
S
M
AC
(
I
o
T
i
n
S
o
c
i
a
l
,
M
o
b
i
l
e
,
An
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
l
o
u
d
)
(
I
-
S
MA
C
)
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
7
2
8
–
7
3
3
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
-
S
M
A
C
5
5
0
7
8
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
9
8
6
5
0
4
.
[
2
1
]
E.
S
h
i
r
a
z
i
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
d
i
d
,
“
O
p
t
i
ma
l
r
e
si
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
d
y
n
a
mi
c
p
r
i
c
i
n
g
sc
h
e
me
v
i
a
H
E
M
D
A
S
,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Bu
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
3
,
p
p
.
4
0
–
4
9
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
b
u
i
l
d
.
2
0
1
5
.
0
1
.
0
6
1
.
[
2
2
]
T.
Ta
g
e
sse,
S
.
A
r
u
l
k
u
mar
,
A
.
S
a
r
a
v
a
n
a
n
,
C
.
V
i
b
h
a
k
a
r
,
D
.
S
h
o
b
a
n
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
C
h
o
k
k
a
l
i
n
g
a
m,
“
A
I
-
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
sy
st
e
ms
f
o
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s,”
i
n
2
0
2
4
N
i
n
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
(
I
C
O
N
S
T
E
M)
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
O
N
S
TEM
6
0
9
6
0
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
5
6
8
5
8
4
.
[
2
3
]
L.
Y
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
D
e
e
p
r
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
e
me
n
t
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
smar
t
h
o
m
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
ma
n
a
g
e
men
t
,
”
I
EE
E
I
n
t
e
rn
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
5
1
–
2
7
6
2
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JI
O
T.
2
0
1
9
.
2
9
5
7
2
8
9
.
[
2
4
]
Y
.
W
a
n
g
,
L
.
H
a
n
,
X
.
D
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
H
.
G
a
o
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
sc
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
o
f
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
l
d
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
sy
s
t
e
ms
f
o
r
i
mp
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
c
o
mf
o
r
t
w
i
t
h
l
o
w
c
o
st
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
9
,
p
.
1
1
5
2
2
9
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
b
u
i
l
d
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
1
5
2
2
9
.
[
2
5
]
J.
H
a
n
,
Y
.
F
a
n
g
,
Y
.
Li
,
E.
D
u
,
a
n
d
N
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
O
p
t
i
ma
l
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
mu
l
t
i
-
mi
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
s
y
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
s
h
a
r
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
st
o
r
a
g
e
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
l
e
a
si
n
g
a
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
h
a
r
i
n
g
,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
S
m
a
r
t
G
ri
d
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
–
3
1
,
Jan
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TSG
.
2
0
2
4
.
3
4
5
2
0
6
4
.
[
2
6
]
N
.
A
l
a
s
k
e
r
,
A
.
K
h
a
s
a
w
n
e
h
,
a
n
d
E
.
R
a
d
w
a
n
,
“
E
n
e
r
g
y
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
h
o
m
e
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
A
I
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
”
i
n
2
0
2
5
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
(
I
C
B
I
T
I
)
,
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
1
–
7
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
B
I
TI
6
5
5
2
7
.
2
0
2
5
.
1
1
5
0
1
0
6
6
.
[
2
7
]
A
.
A
.
A
d
e
b
i
y
i
a
n
d
M
.
H
a
b
y
a
r
i
ma
n
a
,
“
S
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
met
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
f
o
r
smar
t
h
o
m
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
sy
st
e
ms
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
9
,
p
.
5
2
6
2
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
8
1
9
5
2
6
2
.
[
2
8
]
A
.
I
b
r
a
h
i
m
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
H
y
b
r
i
d
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
o
f
r
e
si
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
4
7
8
6
4
5
1
.
2
0
2
6
.
2
6
5
3
3
2
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
174
7
-
1
7
5
4
1754
[
2
9
]
M
.
E
b
e
e
d
,
S
.
H
a
s
sa
n
,
S
.
K
a
me
l
,
L.
N
a
sr
a
t
,
A
.
W
.
M
o
h
a
me
d
,
a
n
d
A
.
-
R
.
Y
o
u
ss
e
f
,
“
S
m
a
r
t
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
w
i
t
h
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
s a
n
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
st
e
ms u
si
n
g
a
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
w
e
i
g
h
t
e
d
mea
n
o
f
v
e
c
t
o
r
s
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m,
”
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
Re
p
o
r
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
4
7
3
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
s
4
1
5
9
8
-
024
-
7
9
7
8
2
-
5.
[
3
0
]
S
.
S
.
R
e
k
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
D
e
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
t
r
a
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
mart
g
r
i
d
u
s
i
n
g
s
e
c
u
r
e
d
p
o
s
t
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
,
”
R
e
su
l
t
s
i
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
p
.
1
0
5
7
6
7
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
i
n
e
n
g
.
2
0
2
5
.
1
0
5
7
6
7
.
[
3
1
]
J.
C
.
V
i
n
i
t
h
a
,
J
.
S
u
mi
t
h
r
a
,
M
.
J.
S
u
g
a
n
y
a
,
P
.
A
.
S
.
D
h
a
s,
B
.
R
a
ma
l
i
n
g
a
m,
a
n
d
S
.
P
u
sh
p
a
r
a
j
,
“
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
s
mart
g
r
i
d
d
e
ma
n
d
r
e
sp
o
n
se
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
D
ri
v
e
S
y
st
e
m
s (I
J
PED
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
1
6
2
8
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
e
d
s.
v
1
6
.
i
3
.
p
p
1
6
2
8
-
1
6
3
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
.
J
.
S
u
g
a
n
y
a
is
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
a
t
P
a
n
i
m
a
lar
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
,
In
d
ia.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
A
n
n
a
m
a
lai
Un
iv
e
rsity
a
n
d
h
e
r
M
.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
in
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s
fro
m
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
T
iru
n
e
lv
e
li
,
in
2
0
0
8
a
n
d
2
0
1
0
,
re
sp
e
c
t
iv
e
l
y
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
se
rv
in
g
a
s
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
P
a
n
ima
lar
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
C
o
ll
e
g
e
,
I
n
d
ia,
si
n
c
e
2
0
1
7
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
m
o
to
r
d
ri
v
e
s,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
a
rti
ficia
l
in
tell
ig
e
n
c
e
,
in
telli
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tro
l,
a
n
d
d
i
g
it
a
l
li
b
ra
ries
.
Sh
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
su
g
i.
m
j@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
D
r
.
Y
.
S
u
k
h
i
i
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
a
p
ro
f
e
s
so
r
in
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
in
g
a
t
R
M
K
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
.
S
h
e
jo
in
e
d
th
e
i
n
s
ti
tu
t
io
n
o
n
M
a
y
1
9
,
1
9
9
7
,
a
n
d
h
o
l
d
s
a
B
.
E
.
d
e
g
r
e
e
(
f
i
r
st
c
la
s
s
)
,
a
n
M
.
E
.
d
e
g
r
e
e
(
f
ir
s
t
c
l
a
s
s
)
,
a
n
d
a
P
h
.
D
.
i
n
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
tr
o
n
i
c
s
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
.
Wi
th
2
3
y
e
a
r
s
a
n
d
8
m
o
n
th
s
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
in
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
,
a
lo
n
g
w
i
th
1
y
e
a
r
a
n
d
1
m
o
n
th
o
f
in
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
,
sh
e
h
a
s
c
o
n
t
r
ib
u
t
e
d
t
o
in
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
th
ro
u
g
h
p
u
b
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
io
n
s.
S
h
e
i
s
a
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
d
P
h
.
D
.
s
u
p
e
rv
i
so
r
in
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
u
n
d
e
r
A
n
n
a
Un
iv
e
r
s
it
y
a
n
d
h
a
s
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
g
u
id
e
d
f
o
u
r
d
o
c
t
o
r
a
l
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
s
a
n
d
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
m
a
s
t
e
r
'
s
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
e
d
a
t
e
m
a
i
l:
su
k
h
ir
m
k
0
3
@
y
a
h
o
o
.
c
o
m
.
J
.
C.
Vin
it
h
a
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
wo
r
k
in
g
a
s
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Ra
jala
k
sh
m
i
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
C
o
ll
e
g
e
,
C
h
e
n
n
a
i,
I
n
d
ia.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
t
h
e
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Ro
a
d
a
n
d
Tran
s
p
o
rt
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ero
d
e
,
In
d
ia,
a
n
d
h
e
r
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
s
fro
m
S
AST
RA
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
T
h
a
n
jav
u
r,
I
n
d
ia
,
a
n
d
a
P
h
.
D.
fro
m
An
n
a
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i,
I
n
d
ia
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
m
o
re
th
a
n
1
9
y
e
a
rs
o
f
tea
c
h
in
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
a
n
d
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
fiv
e
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
a
p
e
rs
in
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls
a
n
d
p
re
se
n
ted
a
p
a
p
e
r
i
n
th
e
IOP
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
S
e
ries
:
M
a
teria
ls
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
S
h
e
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
IE
E
E
P
o
we
r
&
En
e
r
g
y
S
o
c
iet
y
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
v
i
n
it
h
a
.
jc@
ra
jala
k
sh
m
i.
e
d
u
.
in
.
D
r
.
J
.
S
u
m
ith
r
a
is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
R.
M
.
D.
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Co
l
leg
e
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Ve
lam
m
a
l
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
h
e
r
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
a
p
p
li
e
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
fro
m
Dr.
M
.
G
.
R.
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
R
e
se
a
rc
h
In
stit
u
te.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
u
n
d
e
r
An
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
i
n
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s.
S
h
e
h
a
s
a
ro
u
n
d
2
3
y
e
a
rs
o
f
tea
c
h
in
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
a
n
d
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
re
se
a
rc
h
a
rti
c
les
in
S
CI
-
a
n
d
S
c
o
p
u
s
-
in
d
e
x
e
d
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
st
a
b
il
it
y
,
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s,
a
n
d
in
te
rc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s.
Sh
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
f
b
l
@e
n
e
rg
y
.
a
a
u
.
d
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.