I
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f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
8
8
3
~
89
3
I
SS
N:
2252
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8
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1
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,
DOI
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1
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.
1
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v
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.
i
3
.
pp
883
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9
3
883
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ities
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d
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lo
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[
1
]
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[
2
]
.
Ho
wev
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,
th
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s
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to
r
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h
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ly
v
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in
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[
3
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[
4
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.
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[
4
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On
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Or
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Ma
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Dec
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1
9
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[
8
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Gu
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v
alu
ab
le
to
o
l
in
to
u
r
is
m
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
I
ts
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
d
ata
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
cr
iter
ia
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
ad
v
a
n
tag
eo
u
s
f
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
with
in
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
s
ec
to
r
[
1
0
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
GI
S
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
r
o
b
u
s
t f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
to
u
r
is
m
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
with
s
p
atial
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
[
1
1
]
.
I
t h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
tili
ze
d
to
o
ls
f
o
r
s
p
atial
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
t
h
e
f
ield
s
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
an
d
b
ig
d
ata
an
aly
tics
.
GI
S'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
tex
t
-
b
ased
d
ata
in
to
ea
s
ily
i
n
ter
p
r
etab
le
s
p
a
tial
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
en
h
an
ce
s
its
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
r
esear
ch
,
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
ly
in
to
u
r
is
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
jects
in
v
o
lv
in
g
m
ajo
r
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
.
W
h
en
in
t
eg
r
ated
with
b
ig
d
ata
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia,
th
ese
c
ap
ab
ilit
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
is
s
u
e.
I
n
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
to
u
r
is
t
attr
ac
tio
n
s
,
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
e
r
s
an
d
p
lan
n
er
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
d
ata
o
n
v
is
ito
r
s
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
,
b
ased
o
n
b
ig
d
ata.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
o
f
f
er
s
s
ev
er
al
ad
v
an
tag
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
v
is
ito
r
ar
r
iv
als
b
y
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
’
s
n
atio
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
ac
t,
an
d
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ic
m
ar
k
etin
g
in
itiativ
es
b
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
ar
g
u
m
en
t
is
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
s
ec
to
r
.
B
ig
d
ata
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
a
n
d
d
ec
i
s
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
en
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
lan
n
in
g
in
t
h
e
to
u
r
is
m
s
ec
to
r
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
s
o
c
ial
m
ed
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
allo
ws
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
o
b
tain
d
ee
p
er
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
v
is
ito
r
b
eh
av
io
r
a
n
d
to
u
r
is
t
ac
tiv
ities
at
to
u
r
is
m
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
tr
av
el
p
atter
n
s
an
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
k
ey
c
h
allen
g
e
lies
in
h
o
w
b
ig
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
ely
ap
p
lied
to
to
u
r
is
m
-
r
elate
d
an
al
y
s
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
en
tim
en
t a
n
aly
s
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
g
e
o
s
p
atial
d
ata.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
i
g
d
ata
in
to
u
r
is
m
p
r
esen
ts
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
v
al
id
ity
,
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
its
in
teg
r
atio
n
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
ed
b
y
th
e
Un
ited
Natio
n
s
W
o
r
ld
T
o
u
r
is
m
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
UNWTO
)
d
u
e
to
its
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
lar
g
e
an
d
c
o
m
p
l
ex
d
atasets
b
ey
o
n
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
.
W
h
en
co
m
b
in
ed
with
GI
S,
b
ig
d
ata
en
ab
les
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
p
atial
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
teg
r
ates
f
ield
s
u
r
v
ey
d
ata
o
n
to
u
r
is
t
o
r
ig
in
s
with
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
b
ig
d
ata
f
r
o
m
X
to
ex
am
in
e
to
u
r
is
m
p
atter
n
s
in
Gu
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l.
So
cial
m
ed
ia
d
ata
also
o
f
f
er
s
p
atial
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
eo
ta
g
g
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
o
f
GI
S
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
an
aly
s
is
an
d
ma
n
ag
em
en
t.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
b
ig
d
ata
en
ab
les
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
u
s
er
s
[
1
1
]
,
th
er
e
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
d
ee
p
e
r
an
d
m
o
r
e
v
al
u
ab
l
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
in
teg
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
b
ig
d
at
a
an
d
g
eo
s
p
atial
an
aly
s
is
to
ex
am
in
e
to
u
r
is
t
b
eh
av
io
r
a
n
d
ev
a
lu
ate
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
o
n
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
,
an
a
r
e
a
s
till
r
ar
ely
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
T
o
u
r
is
m
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
wo
r
ld
'
s
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
an
d
r
ap
id
l
y
ev
o
lv
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
T
h
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
s
ec
to
r
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
d
to
r
u
r
al
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
b
y
en
h
a
n
cin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
in
co
m
e
lev
els,
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
g
r
o
wth
[
2
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
an
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
th
e
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
g
r
o
wth
in
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
s
ec
to
r
s
[
1
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
m
o
m
en
tu
m
a
n
d
in
itiativ
es
aim
ed
at
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
to
u
r
i
s
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
er
a
is
h
ig
h
ly
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
,
as
t
h
e
s
ec
to
r
’
s
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
co
u
l
d
s
er
v
e
as
a
c
ataly
s
t
f
o
r
b
r
o
a
d
er
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
r
ec
o
v
er
y
[
1
7
]
.
No
n
e
th
eless
,
a
we
ll
-
d
esig
n
ed
b
lu
ep
r
in
t f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t is ess
en
tia
l
to
g
u
i
d
e
th
e
s
ec
to
r
i
n
p
u
r
s
u
in
g
a
g
r
o
wth
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
n
o
t
o
n
ly
g
e
n
er
ates
f
in
a
n
cial
r
etu
r
n
s
b
u
t
also
p
r
o
m
o
tes
b
r
o
ad
e
r
s
o
cieta
l
well
-
b
ein
g
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
an
d
its
c
o
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
[
1
8
]
.
A
d
ee
p
e
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
d
esti
n
atio
n
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
is
ess
en
tial
to
g
ain
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
v
iew
o
f
h
o
w
to
u
r
is
m
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
s
ar
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
ted
[
1
9
]
.
Pre
v
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
to
u
r
is
m
d
esti
n
atio
n
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
h
av
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
o
n
h
o
w
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
ar
e
m
an
ag
ed
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
d
[
2
0
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
t
o
f
u
r
th
er
a
d
v
an
ce
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
C
T
as
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
o
d
esti
n
atio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
alter
n
ativ
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t stra
teg
y
is
ar
g
u
ab
ly
n
ec
ess
ar
y
[
2
1
]
.
2
.
1
.
So
cia
l
ex
cha
ng
e
t
heo
r
y
a
nd
s
o
cia
l net
wo
rk
t
he
o
ry
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
s
o
cial
ex
ch
an
g
e
th
eo
r
y
a
n
d
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
cl
o
s
ely
ass
o
ciate
d
with
to
u
r
is
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
lo
ca
l
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
S
o
cia
l m
ed
ia
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
o
n
d
e
s
tin
a
tio
n
d
is
p
ers
io
n
to
p
r
ed
ict
to
u
r
is
t b
eh
a
vio
r
…
(
N
in
d
yo
C
a
h
yo
K
r
esn
a
n
to
)
885
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
[
2
2
]
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
to
u
r
is
m
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
in
g
lo
ca
l
n
etwo
r
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
with
in
f
o
r
m
al
l
ea
d
er
s
wh
o
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
to
u
r
is
m
ac
tiv
ities
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
h
as
ev
o
lv
ed
in
to
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
s
o
cial
ch
a
n
g
e
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
to
u
r
is
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
s
im
p
lem
en
ti
n
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
m
an
ag
em
en
t
b
ased
o
n
s
o
cial
ex
ch
an
g
e
t
h
eo
r
y
an
d
s
o
cial
n
etw
o
r
k
t
h
eo
r
y
p
r
in
ci
p
les.
So
cial
m
ed
ia
ca
n
also
f
a
cilitate
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
s
tr
en
g
th
en
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
em
a
n
d
–
s
u
p
p
ly
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
th
er
e
b
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ti
n
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
to
u
r
is
m
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
esti
n
atio
n
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t.
2
.
2
.
G
eo
g
r
a
ph
i
c
info
rm
a
t
io
n sy
s
t
em
,
big
da
t
a
,
a
nd
t
o
uris
m
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
a
n
d
s
ch
o
lar
s
in
m
an
y
co
u
n
tr
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
h
av
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
ad
o
p
ted
GI
S
f
o
r
t
o
u
r
is
m
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
2
3
]
.
Sev
er
al
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
o
w
GI
S
is
u
tili
ze
d
in
to
u
r
is
m
p
lan
n
in
g
as
an
in
te
g
r
al
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
4
]
.
GI
S'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
m
an
ag
e
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
d
ata
m
ak
es
it
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
to
o
l
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
v
is
ito
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
[
2
5
]
,
id
en
tify
in
g
p
o
ten
tial to
u
r
is
m
attr
ac
tio
n
s
[
2
6
]
,
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
an
d
ev
alu
atin
g
th
ese
attr
ac
tio
n
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
to
u
r
is
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
o
f
d
esti
n
atio
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
B
ig
d
ata
r
ef
er
s
to
v
ast
q
u
an
titi
es
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
th
at
ar
e
co
m
p
le
x
,
d
iv
e
r
s
e,
an
d
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
s
to
r
e,
an
aly
ze
,
a
n
d
p
r
esen
t
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
r
d
ec
i
s
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
[
2
7
]
.
Sev
er
al
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
ig
d
ata
t
o
ass
ess
v
is
ito
r
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
[
2
8
]
,
to
u
r
i
s
m
f
lo
ws
[
2
9
]
,
an
d
to
u
r
is
m
d
em
an
d
[
3
0
]
,
o
f
ten
with
in
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
o
n
th
e
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
th
e
h
o
s
p
itality
an
d
to
u
r
is
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
A
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
o
n
h
a
r
n
ess
in
g
b
ig
d
ata
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
Destin
atio
n
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
O
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
(
DM
Os)
,
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
ased
o
n
Fo
n
s
ec
a
'
s
th
esis
,
wh
ich
id
en
tifie
d
“c
r
awlin
g
”
as
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
co
llectin
g
b
i
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
la
tf
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as
X
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
also
o
f
f
e
r
s
s
ev
er
al
ad
v
an
tag
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
an
d
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
to
ac
ce
s
s
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
d
ata
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
it
en
ab
les
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
is
s
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
to
u
r
is
t
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
s
p
atio
-
tem
p
o
r
al
p
atter
n
s
o
f
to
u
r
is
t a
ctiv
ity
with
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
[
1
4
]
.
2
.
3
.
So
cia
l
m
edia
eng
a
g
em
e
nt
in t
o
uris
m
So
cial
m
ed
ia
u
n
d
o
u
b
ted
ly
p
la
y
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
as
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
an
d
at
tr
ac
tin
g
to
u
r
is
ts
.
So
cial
m
ed
ia
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
b
ased
o
n
u
s
er
-
g
e
n
er
ated
co
n
te
n
t
h
as
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
wo
r
d
-
of
-
m
o
u
t
h
b
eh
a
v
io
r
th
at
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
c
u
s
to
m
er
lo
y
alty
in
th
e
h
o
s
p
itality
,
tr
av
el,
an
d
t
o
u
r
is
m
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
[
3
2
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
icate
th
at
ad
v
er
tis
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
in
f
lu
en
ce
r
s
p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
ec
ts
v
is
ito
r
s
’
tr
av
el
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
in
to
u
r
is
m
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
an
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
m
ar
k
etin
g
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
o
n
t
h
e
to
u
r
is
m
in
d
u
s
tr
y
h
as
r
ec
en
tly
em
er
g
ed
as
a
cr
itical
a
r
ea
o
f
s
ch
o
lar
ly
in
q
u
ir
y
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
c
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
d
esti
n
atio
n
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
Desp
ite
its
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
to
u
r
is
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
s
tu
d
ies
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
to
u
r
is
m
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
an
d
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
al
v
ar
iab
les
r
em
ain
r
elativ
el
y
s
ca
r
ce
,
esp
ec
ially
with
in
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
co
n
tex
t.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
lo
w
is
illu
s
tr
ate
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
m
b
in
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
a
n
d
X
d
ata
cr
awlin
g
to
ex
am
in
e
to
u
r
is
t
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
G
u
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l.
Su
r
v
ey
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
,
wh
ile
X
cr
awlin
g
g
ath
er
ed
to
u
r
is
m
-
r
elate
d
u
s
er
co
n
ten
t.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
in
teg
r
ated
s
p
atial
an
d
s
en
tim
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
g
e
o
s
p
atial
m
ap
p
in
g
,
th
em
atic
m
ap
s
,
b
u
f
f
er
a
n
aly
s
is
,
to
u
r
is
t
o
r
ig
in
m
ap
p
in
g
,
an
d
s
en
tim
en
t
class
if
icatio
n
in
to
p
o
s
itiv
e,
n
eu
tr
al,
an
d
n
eg
ati
v
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
ed
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
to
u
r
is
m
p
atter
n
s
,
to
u
r
is
t
b
eh
av
io
r
,
an
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
in
G
u
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l
.
3
.
1
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
f
r
o
m
Feb
r
u
ar
y
to
Ma
y
2
0
2
2
at
s
e
v
er
al
to
u
r
is
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
in
G
u
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l
R
eg
en
cy
.
Data
co
llectio
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
two
m
eth
o
d
s
:
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
ey
s
an
d
X
-
b
ased
b
ig
d
ata
cr
awlin
g
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
in
v
o
lv
ed
5
0
4
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ir
ec
t
in
te
r
v
i
ews
an
d
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
to
u
r
is
ts
wh
o
h
a
d
v
is
ited
Gu
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l
d
esti
n
at
io
n
s
.
So
cial
m
e
d
ia
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
f
r
o
m
twee
ts
m
e
n
tio
n
in
g
s
ix
m
ajo
r
attr
ac
tio
n
s
:
Ng
lan
g
g
er
an
,
B
u
k
it
B
in
tan
g
,
Heh
a
Sk
y
View,
Dr
in
i
B
ea
ch
,
I
n
d
r
a
y
an
ti
B
ea
ch
,
an
d
Sep
a
n
jan
g
Be
ac
h
.
Data
cr
awlin
g
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
API
f
u
n
cti
o
n
in
Or
an
g
e
s
o
f
twar
e
with
e
ig
h
t
to
u
r
is
m
-
r
elate
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
:
#
g
u
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l,
#
wis
ata,
#
p
an
taiin
d
r
a
y
an
ti,
#
p
an
taid
r
in
i,
#
p
a
n
tais
ep
an
jan
g
,
#
h
e
h
ask
y
,
#
n
g
lan
g
g
er
an
,
an
d
#
b
u
k
itb
in
t
an
g
.
A
to
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Af
ter
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I
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N
:
2
2
5
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8
8
1
4
I
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v
Ap
p
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,
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1
5
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3
,
Sep
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b
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2
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2
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:
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u
r
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1
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2
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f
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e
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le
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ap
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r
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aly
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cGI
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alize
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atter
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r
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ata
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ated
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u
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wh
ile
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if
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ata
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ip
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2
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RE
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D
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I
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4
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1
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ield su
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ased
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icate
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with
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n
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ig
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ce
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Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
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at
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.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a
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p
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m
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ile
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g
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ates
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ap
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icate
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ated
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ests
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at
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to
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d
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o
p
en
s
p
ac
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an
d
s
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en
ic
v
iews.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
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4
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I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
6
:
883
-
8
9
3
888
4
.
2
.
Da
t
a
cr
a
wling
(
s
ent
im
ent
a
na
ly
s
is
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
cr
awlin
g
m
eth
o
d
o
n
X
was
c
o
n
d
u
cted
a
t
s
ix
to
u
r
is
m
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
i
n
G
u
n
u
n
g
k
id
u
l
R
eg
en
cy
:
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a
Sk
y
View,
Dr
in
i
B
ea
ch
,
I
n
d
r
ay
an
ti
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ea
ch
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Sep
an
jan
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ch
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g
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er
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n
d
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u
k
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g
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h
e
cr
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m
eth
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s
p
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ically
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n
d
u
cted
to
id
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tif
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w
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o
m
m
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ly
th
e
to
u
r
is
m
lo
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tio
n
s
ar
e
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is
cu
s
s
ed
o
n
X,
as
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v
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r
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ativ
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n
d
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tr
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e
x
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y
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s
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s
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to
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m
d
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s
.
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d
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g
to
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
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f
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o
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ated
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.
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r
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d
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with
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t
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(
<5
,
0
0
0
)
ar
e
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er
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;
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e
g
r
o
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p
with
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ed
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m
r
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(
1
9
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0
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,
0
0
0
)
in
clu
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es
Dr
in
i
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ch
,
I
n
d
r
ay
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n
ti
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ch
,
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d
Sep
an
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g
B
ea
ch
;
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d
th
e
d
esti
n
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n
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
wee
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0
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0
0
0
)
is
Heh
a
Sk
y
View.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
cr
awl
in
g
r
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,
n
eu
tr
al
s
en
tim
en
t w
as th
e
m
o
s
t d
o
m
in
an
t,
f
o
llo
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b
y
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o
s
itiv
e
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en
tim
en
t,
with
n
eg
ativ
e
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en
tim
en
t
b
ein
g
th
e
last
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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tio
n
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
s
en
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ac
r
o
s
s
ea
ch
d
esti
n
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is
n
o
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
t.
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en
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t
av
er
ag
e
d
3
5
.
0
4
%,
n
eu
tr
al
s
en
tim
en
t
6
3
.
3
6
%,
a
n
d
n
eg
ati
v
e
s
en
tim
en
t
o
n
ly
1
.
5
9
%.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
less
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
i
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
r
e
p
o
r
ti
n
g
t
h
at
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
en
tim
en
t
to
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m
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n
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o
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ea
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ed
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il
e
n
eg
ativ
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s
en
tim
en
t
ac
co
u
n
t
ed
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o
r
1
0
%
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
n
e
u
tr
al
s
en
tim
en
t
m
ay
in
d
icate
t
h
at
t
o
u
r
is
ts
'
ex
p
er
ien
ce
r
elate
d
to
cu
ltu
r
al
item
s
o
r
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
o
n
ly
m
ee
ts
b
asic
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
s
u
c
h
ca
s
es,
th
er
e
is
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
th
ese
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
to
ea
s
ily
ch
an
g
e
i
n
to
eith
er
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ativ
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o
r
p
o
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itiv
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en
tim
en
ts
,
wh
ich
war
r
an
ts
atten
tio
n
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
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o
f
th
is
s
en
tim
en
t
an
aly
s
is
s
u
g
g
est
th
a
t
to
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r
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ts
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er
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iv
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th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
as a
d
eq
u
ate
b
u
t n
o
t e
x
tr
ao
r
d
in
ar
y
[
3
8
]
.
4
.
3
.
I
nte
g
ra
t
ed
a
na
ly
s
is
(
po
pu
la
r
des
t
ina
t
io
n,
o
rig
in o
f
t
o
uris
t
s
,
a
nd
g
eo
s
pa
t
ia
l lo
ca
t
i
o
n)
Field
d
ata
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d
cr
awlin
g
r
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u
lt
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ata
ar
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en
u
s
ed
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ete
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esti
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ar
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ac
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s
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h
e
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r
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o
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atasets
r
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ield
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ata
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d
cr
awlin
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Data
f
r
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m
f
ield
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r
v
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r
ef
lect
d
i
r
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t
ex
p
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d
s
atis
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ac
tio
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[
3
9
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,
wh
ile
c
r
awlin
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ata
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e
p
r
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in
d
ir
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t
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ata
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d
th
e
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p
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r
ien
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o
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o
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er
to
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4
0
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C
o
r
r
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in
g
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ter
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ec
tio
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o
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esti
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ield
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ata
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d
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ata
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icate
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h
ig
h
ly
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r
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esti
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s
th
at
ar
e
r
eg
u
lar
ly
m
e
n
tio
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o
n
X
[
4
1
]
.
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in
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ch
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ar
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n
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ea
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n
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e
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o
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o
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atio
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ased
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n
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ield
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ata,
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ile
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a
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in
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ti
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d
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wer
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id
en
tifie
d
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
in
th
e
cr
awlin
g
d
ata
r
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B
ase
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o
n
th
ese
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ata,
th
r
ee
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y
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ter
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m
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d
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ter
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co
n
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is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
to
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m
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esti
n
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n
s
:
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a
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k
y
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Dr
in
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an
d
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ay
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n
ti
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ea
ch
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as
s
h
o
wn
in
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u
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ased
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atter
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ap
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s
s
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ea
ch
(
Fig
u
r
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5
(
a)
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,
Heh
a
Sk
y
View
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
)
,
I
n
d
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y
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ea
ch
(
Fig
u
r
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5
(
c)
)
,
B
u
k
it
B
in
ta
n
g
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
d
)
)
,
an
d
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lan
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(
Fig
u
r
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5
(
e)
)
.
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a
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e
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est
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ity
o
n
X
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d
attr
ac
ted
v
is
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r
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f
r
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m
b
r
o
a
d
er
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ig
in
s
.
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h
ese
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
ev
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u
s
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
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g
th
at
s
o
cial
m
ed
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e
n
g
ag
em
e
n
t
c
o
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
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n
p
o
p
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ity
an
d
im
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g
e
f
o
r
m
atio
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[
4
2
]
.
So
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s
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tio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
[
4
3
]
,
[
4
4
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
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(
e
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
o
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t o
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ig
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esti
n
atio
n
attr
ac
tiv
e
n
ess
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
la
r
ity
o
f
o
p
e
n
s
p
ac
es
in
b
o
th
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
an
d
r
ec
r
ea
t
io
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies
is
ev
id
en
t,
as
th
r
ee
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
h
ig
h
est
-
r
ated
s
ce
n
es
ar
e
o
p
en
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
v
iews.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
v
ar
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o
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tu
d
ies,
wh
ich
h
av
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o
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n
d
th
at
p
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p
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to
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as
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ea
c
h
es
as
th
eir
m
o
s
t
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
v
ie
ws
[
4
6
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
p
eo
p
le
p
r
ef
er
o
p
e
n
s
p
ac
es
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e
ca
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s
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th
ey
o
f
f
er
g
r
ea
ter
r
ec
r
e
atio
n
al
v
alu
e
[
4
7
]
.
T
h
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
Ap
p
leto
n
'
s
(
1
9
7
5
)
"Ha
b
itat
th
eo
r
y
,
"
wh
ich
p
o
s
its
th
at
h
u
m
a
n
s
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n
c
o
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s
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s
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lex
es
th
at
d
r
iv
e
th
em
to
lo
o
k
f
o
r
s
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r
v
iv
al
-
en
h
a
n
cin
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
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t
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r
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T
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e
s
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r
v
ey
f
in
d
in
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alig
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with
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at
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est
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s
was
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v
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th
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ce
an
an
d
th
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s
h
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e,
wh
ile
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ce
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e
wi
th
th
ir
d
-
h
ig
h
est r
atin
g
s
f
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e
d
a
tin
y
ar
tific
ial
p
o
n
d
in
t
h
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
[
4
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Po
p
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lar
to
u
r
is
t lo
ca
tio
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b
ased
o
n
a
to
p
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r
ap
h
ical
m
ap
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
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is
s
tu
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y
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em
o
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tr
ates
th
at
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ig
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to
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ased
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Nev
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ap
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p
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t
c
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ti
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p
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with
th
e
ter
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s
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e
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s
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ata
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p
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p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
N
o
o
r
i
p
o
o
r
,
M
.
K
h
o
sr
o
w
j
e
r
d
i
,
H
.
R
a
st
e
g
a
r
i
,
Z
.
S
h
a
r
i
f
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
B
i
j
a
n
i
,
“
Th
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
t
o
u
r
i
sm
i
n
r
u
r
a
l
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
:
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
f
r
o
m I
r
a
n
,
”
G
e
o
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
8
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
5
–
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7
1
9
,
A
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g
.
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1
,
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o
i
:
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0
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1
0
0
7
/
s1
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7
0
8
-
020
-
1
0
1
5
3
-
z.
[
2
]
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
T
o
u
r
i
sm
a
n
d
r
u
r
a
l
i
n
c
o
me
i
n
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
:
e
m
p
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r
i
c
a
l
e
v
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d
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
C
h
i
n
a
,
”
C
u
rr
e
n
t
I
ssu
e
s
i
n
T
o
u
r
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s
m
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
–
1
7
0
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
3
6
8
3
5
0
0
.
2
0
2
1
.
2
0
1
0
6
7
4
.
[
3
]
T.
B
a
u
m
a
n
d
N
.
T.
T
.
H
a
i
,
“
H
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
,
t
o
u
r
i
sm,
h
u
ma
n
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g
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t
s
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n
d
t
h
e
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mp
a
c
t
o
f
C
O
V
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D
-
1
9
,
”
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n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
n
t
e
m
p
o
r
a
ry
H
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
7
–
2
4
0
7
,
M
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y
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
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0
.
1
1
0
8
/
I
JC
H
M
-
03
-
2
0
2
0
-
0
2
4
2
.
[
4
]
G
.
D
.
S
h
a
r
ma,
A
.
Th
o
m
a
s,
a
n
d
J.
P
a
u
l
,
“
R
e
v
i
v
i
n
g
t
o
u
r
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sm
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n
d
u
s
t
r
y
p
o
s
t
-
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
:
a
r
e
s
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l
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e
n
c
e
-
b
a
s
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
”
T
o
u
ri
sm
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Pe
rs
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
,
v
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l
.
3
7
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
t
m
p
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
0
7
8
6
.
[
5
]
R
.
A
r
e
z
k
i
a
n
d
H
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
“
N
o
v
e
l
c
o
r
o
n
a
v
i
r
u
s
h
u
r
t
s
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h
e
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l
e
Ea
s
t
a
n
d
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o
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t
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A
f
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c
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t
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m
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y
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h
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n
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