I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
9
4
4
~
9
5
3
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijaas
.
v
1
5
.
i
3
.
pp
944
-
9
5
3
944
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
a
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Effec
t
of
po
st
-
wel
d
hea
t
treatme
nt
a
nd
co
o
ling
techn
iques
on
mecha
nica
l
per
forma
nce
of
AH
3
6
steel
for
ma
rine
s
truct
u
res
Ahm
a
d
F
irdha
us
1
,
B
lin
k
a
H
er
na
wa
n
P
ra
s
et
y
a
2
,
M
uh
a
mm
a
d
Adna
n
Riv
a
ldi
1
,
P
a
rlind
un
g
a
n
M
a
nik
1
,
T
us
wa
n
1
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
of
N
a
v
a
l
A
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
of
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
D
i
p
o
n
e
g
o
r
o
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
S
e
mara
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
of
C
i
v
i
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
of
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
D
i
p
o
n
e
g
o
r
o
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
S
e
mara
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
16
,
2
0
2
5
R
ev
is
ed
May
25
,
2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
17
,
2
0
2
6
Th
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
p
ro
p
e
rt
ies
of
str
u
c
tu
ra
l
ste
e
ls
u
se
d
in
m
a
rin
e
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts
a
re
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
a
ffe
c
ted
by
we
l
d
in
g
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
re
s.
T
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
e
x
a
m
in
e
s
th
e
imp
a
c
t
of
v
a
rio
u
s
c
o
o
li
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
c
o
u
p
led
with
p
o
st
-
we
ld
h
e
a
t
trea
tme
n
t
(P
WHT
)
,
on
t
h
e
stre
n
g
th
a
n
d
d
u
c
ti
li
ty
of
AH
3
6
ste
e
l
we
ld
e
d
v
ia
sh
ield
e
d
m
e
tal
a
rc
w
e
ld
in
g
(S
M
AW)
.
He
a
t
trea
tm
e
n
ts
we
re
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
at
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
s
of
4
5
0
°
C,
6
0
0
°
C,
a
n
d
7
5
0
°
C.
Oil
q
u
e
n
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
n
o
rm
a
li
z
in
g
we
re
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
as
th
e
two
c
o
o
li
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s.
Ten
sile
stre
n
g
t
h
,
e
las
ti
c
m
o
d
u
l
u
s,
e
l
o
n
g
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
imp
a
c
t
to
u
g
h
n
e
ss
we
re
m
e
a
su
re
d
th
ro
u
g
h
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
tes
ti
n
g
.
Th
e
fin
d
in
g
s
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
th
a
t
o
il
q
u
e
n
c
h
in
g
a
fter
trea
tme
n
t
at
4
5
0
°
C
y
iel
d
s
t
h
e
m
o
st
fa
v
o
ra
b
le
ten
si
le
stre
n
g
th
a
n
d
e
lo
n
g
a
ti
o
n
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s,
su
rp
a
ss
in
g
e
sta
b
li
sh
e
d
sa
fe
ty
sta
n
d
a
rd
s.
C
o
n
v
e
rse
ly
,
in
c
re
a
sin
g
th
e
trea
tme
n
t
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
to
6
0
0
°
C
a
n
d
7
5
0
°
C
re
d
u
c
e
s
stre
n
g
th
a
n
d
d
u
c
ti
li
ty
,
p
re
su
m
a
b
l
y
d
u
e
to
g
ra
i
n
c
o
a
rse
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
icr
o
stru
c
tu
ra
l
we
a
k
e
n
in
g
.
Im
p
a
c
t
to
u
g
h
n
e
ss
is
su
b
sta
n
ti
a
ll
y
im
p
ro
v
e
d
by
n
o
rm
a
li
z
in
g
,
e
sp
e
c
ially
at
600
°
C,
wh
ich
o
ffe
rs
th
e
b
e
st
b
a
lan
c
e
of
str
e
n
g
th
a
n
d
to
u
g
h
n
e
ss
.
Th
e
se
fin
d
i
n
g
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
P
WHT
at
6
0
0
°C
fo
l
lo
we
d
by
n
o
rm
a
li
z
in
g
m
a
rk
e
d
ly
imp
ro
v
e
s
th
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
of
A
H3
6
ste
e
l,
e
n
su
rin
g
d
e
p
e
n
d
a
b
le
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
in
h
a
rsh
m
a
rin
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts.
T
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
h
e
lp
s
imp
ro
v
e
we
ld
q
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
th
e
sa
fe
ty
of
m
a
rin
e
stru
c
tu
re
s
by
c
a
re
fu
ll
y
se
lec
ti
n
g
h
e
a
t
trea
tme
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
o
li
n
g
p
ro
c
e
d
u
re
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
L
o
w
-
ca
r
b
o
n
s
teel
No
r
m
alizin
g
Po
s
t
-
weld
h
ea
t tr
ea
tm
en
t
Qu
en
ch
in
g
Sh
ield
ed
m
etal
ar
c
weld
in
g
T
h
is
is
an
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC
BY
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ah
m
ad
Fird
h
a
u
s
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
of
Nav
al
Ar
ch
itec
tu
r
e,
Facu
lty
of
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Dip
o
n
eg
o
r
o
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
T
ek
n
ik
Per
k
a
p
alan
B
u
ild
in
g
,
T
em
b
alan
g
,
Sem
a
r
an
g
,
5
0
2
7
5
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
af
ir
d
h
au
s
@
lectu
r
er
.
u
n
d
ip
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Ma
r
in
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
ar
e
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ch
allen
g
in
g
en
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
jects,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
m
ater
ial
s
th
at
can
en
d
u
r
e
h
ar
s
h
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
th
e
co
r
r
o
s
iv
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
of
s
ea
wate
r
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ch
an
g
es,
an
d
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
f
o
r
ce
s
cr
ea
ted
by
wav
es
an
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
teels
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
m
ar
in
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
AH3
6
s
teel
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
c
r
u
cial
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
s
h
i
p
h
u
lls
,
o
f
f
s
h
o
r
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
wate
r
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e,
p
r
im
ar
il
y
d
u
e
to
it
s
f
av
o
r
ab
le
co
m
b
in
atio
n
of
s
tr
en
g
t
h
,
to
u
g
h
n
ess
,
a
n
d
weld
ab
ilit
y
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
atio
n
“
AH3
6
”
s
ig
n
if
ies
a
h
ig
h
-
s
tr
en
g
th
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
teel
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
y
ield
s
tr
en
g
th
of
355
MPa
(
3
6
K
s
i)
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
ee
t
th
e
s
tr
in
g
e
n
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
of
m
a
r
in
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
u
s
e
of
AH3
6
s
teel
in
m
ar
in
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
is
at
tr
ib
u
tab
le
to
its
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
ad
h
e
r
en
ce
to
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
of
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
m
ar
itime
class
if
icatio
n
s
o
cie
ties
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
teel
g
r
ad
e
is
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
j
o
in
in
g
s
h
ip
p
lates
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
wate
r
r
e
p
air
wo
r
k
,
th
er
eb
y
attr
ac
tin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
ffect
o
f p
o
s
t
-
w
eld
h
ea
t trea
t
men
t a
n
d
c
o
o
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es o
n
mec
h
a
n
ic
a
l
…
(
A
h
ma
d
F
ir
d
h
a
u
s
)
945
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
esear
ch
atten
tio
n
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
of
m
a
r
in
e
weld
in
g
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
’
s
d
e
s
ig
n
is
in
ten
d
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
b
alan
ce
of
s
tr
en
g
t
h
an
d
to
u
g
h
n
ess
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
s
af
e
o
p
er
atio
n
in
m
ar
in
e
s
ettin
g
s
,
wh
er
e
a
b
r
ittl
e
f
ailu
r
e
co
u
ld
h
av
e
s
er
io
u
s
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
W
eld
in
g
AH3
6
s
teel
in
m
ar
in
e
s
ettin
g
s
p
o
s
es
d
is
tin
c
t
ch
allen
g
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
d
itio
n
s
en
co
u
n
ter
e
d
in
s
tan
d
ar
d
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
weld
in
g
.
Sh
ield
e
d
m
etal
ar
c
weld
in
g
(
SMAW),
th
e
p
r
ed
o
m
in
an
t
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
tech
n
iq
u
e,
em
p
lo
y
s
an
elec
tr
ic
ar
c
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
elev
ated
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
f
u
s
e
th
e
b
ase
m
etal
w
ith
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
ab
le
elec
tr
o
d
e.
In
ch
allen
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
SMAW
’
s
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
r
ef
lects
its
lead
in
g
s
tatu
s
,
as
s
ee
n
in
its
u
s
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
an
d
h
ea
v
y
m
ac
h
i
n
e
r
y
s
ec
to
r
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
W
eld
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
m
ar
in
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
Statis
t
ical
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
weld
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
y
ield
s
tr
en
g
t
h
an
d
ch
em
ical
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
wate
r
SMAW
of
AH
3
6
s
teel
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
en
s
itiv
ity
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
ea
s
o
n
al
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
c
h
an
g
es
can
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
t
th
e
q
u
ality
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
of
m
ar
in
e
weld
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
is
r
eq
u
ir
es
f
lex
i
b
le
weld
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
weld
tr
ea
tm
e
n
ts
.
Po
s
t
-
weld
h
ea
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
(
PW
HT
)
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
el
y
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
as
a
b
e
n
ef
icial
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
of
weld
ed
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
by
m
itig
atin
g
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
lev
els
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
Ne
v
er
t
h
eless
,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
of
PW
HT
on
AH3
6
s
teel
with
in
m
ar
in
e
s
ettin
g
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
p
lex
ities
an
d
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
th
at
r
em
ain
u
n
d
er
-
in
v
esti
g
ated
in
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
.
Un
d
e
r
wate
r
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
d
u
ctio
n
h
e
atin
g
,
ap
p
lied
p
o
s
t
-
weld
,
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
lo
wer
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
h
ea
t
-
a
f
f
ec
ted
zo
n
e
(
HAZ
)
h
a
r
d
n
ess
b
en
ea
th
th
e
AW
S
C
lass
A
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
s
h
ip
s
teel
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
,
th
er
e
b
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
p
r
ac
ticality
of
u
n
d
er
wate
r
HAZ
-
s
o
f
te
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
o
r
m
a
r
in
e
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
wh
er
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
f
u
r
n
a
ce
-
b
ased
PW
HT
is
not
f
ea
s
ib
le.
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
s
tu
d
ies
on
o
th
er
h
ig
h
-
s
tr
en
g
th
s
teels
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
PW
HT
can
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
of
th
e
HAZ
an
d
weld
m
etal
[
1
1
]
.
F
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
PW
HT
ap
p
lied
to
lin
e
p
ip
e
/API
X7
0
s
teels
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
r
o
p
er
ties
af
ter
ex
ten
d
ed
tem
p
e
r
in
g
in
r
ep
o
r
ted
tr
ials
[
1
2
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
PW
HT
d
ep
e
n
d
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
on
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
,
in
clu
d
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
h
ea
t
ap
p
licatio
n
d
u
r
atio
n
,
an
d
c
o
o
li
n
g
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
co
o
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
af
ter
PW
HT
is
of
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
,
ex
er
tin
g
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
on
th
e
u
ltima
te
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
of
th
e
weld
ed
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
R
esear
ch
co
m
p
ar
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
s
teel
g
r
ad
es
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
co
o
lin
g
m
e
d
iu
m
a
n
d
q
u
en
ch
in
g
v
elo
city
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
af
f
ec
t
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
h
ar
d
n
ess
an
d
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
.
W
h
ile
wate
r
or
o
il
q
u
en
c
h
in
g
f
o
llo
win
g
tem
p
er
in
g
can
e
n
h
a
n
ce
b
o
t
h
h
ar
d
n
ess
an
d
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
,
it
m
ay
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
d
im
in
is
h
to
u
g
h
n
ess
,
co
n
tin
g
e
n
t
u
p
o
n
th
e
s
teel
’
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
of
th
e
PW
HT
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
of
co
o
lin
g
m
e
d
iu
m
is
esp
ec
ially
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
m
a
r
in
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
wh
er
e
s
ea
wate
r
is
o
f
ten
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ea
d
ily
av
ailab
le.
H
o
wev
er
,
s
y
s
tem
atic
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
of
co
o
lin
g
m
e
d
ia
af
ter
PW
HT
ar
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
ten
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
s
tu
d
ies
of
s
teels
o
th
er
th
an
AH3
6
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
lack
of
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
p
o
s
es
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
o
b
s
tacle
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
of
r
e
f
in
ed
PW
HT
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
AH3
6
s
teel
in
m
ar
in
e
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
co
o
lin
g
r
ate
p
lay
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
d
et
er
m
in
in
g
th
e
s
teel
’
s
u
ltima
te
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
,
th
er
eb
y
i
m
p
ac
tin
g
its
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
attr
ib
u
tes,
in
clu
d
in
g
h
ar
d
n
ess
,
s
tr
en
g
th
,
an
d
to
u
g
h
n
ess
.
E
lev
ated
co
o
lin
g
r
ates
o
f
ten
c
o
r
r
elate
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
h
ar
d
n
e
s
s
an
d
s
tr
en
g
t
h
;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
e
y
can
also
d
im
in
is
h
to
u
g
h
n
ess
an
d
h
eig
h
ten
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
cr
ac
k
in
g
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
more
g
r
a
d
u
al
co
o
lin
g
r
at
es
u
s
u
ally
en
h
an
ce
d
u
ctility
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
y
m
ay
p
o
ten
tially
u
n
d
e
r
m
in
e
th
e
r
eq
u
i
s
ite
s
tr
en
g
th
.
AH3
6
s
teel
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
s
ed
in
m
ar
itime
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
PW
HT
i
s
e
s
s
en
tial;
h
o
wev
er
,
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tr
ea
tm
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
.
Mu
ch
of
th
e
r
esear
ch
on
AH3
6
we
ld
in
g
h
as
r
ep
o
r
te
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
h
ar
d
n
ess
p
r
o
f
iles
,
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
,
an
d
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
but
f
ew
h
av
e
u
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
lled
PW
HT
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
o
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
PW
HT
r
ec
ip
es
f
o
r
AH3
6
in
m
ar
in
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
not
ag
r
ee
d
u
p
o
n
.
An
o
th
er
r
esear
c
h
g
ap
is
th
e
lack
of
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
tu
d
ies
on
co
o
lin
g
m
ed
ia.
Alth
o
u
g
h
co
o
lin
g
m
ed
ia
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ev
er
al
s
teel
g
r
ad
es,
d
ata
on
AH3
6
ar
e
lim
ited
,
m
ak
in
g
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
o
p
tim
al
m
ar
in
e
co
o
lin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
.
Ma
r
in
e
s
ettin
g
s
m
ay
m
ak
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
o
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
im
p
r
ac
tical
or
u
n
a
v
a
ilab
le,
m
ak
in
g
t
h
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
ex
tr
em
ely
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
b
e
h
av
io
r
of
PW
HT
-
tr
ea
ted
AH3
6
weld
s
in
m
ar
in
e
s
er
v
ice
is
p
o
o
r
ly
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
o
d
,
leav
in
g
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
s
h
o
r
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
x
am
in
es
th
e
m
e
ch
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
of
m
a
r
itime
b
u
ild
i
n
g
m
ater
ial
AH3
6
s
teel
af
ter
PW
HT
an
d
co
o
lin
g
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
g
o
al
is
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
PW
HT
s
ettin
g
s
an
d
co
o
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
af
f
ec
t
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
of
AH3
6
s
teel
weld
jo
in
ts
.
T
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
will
in
clu
d
e
weld
in
g
h
ea
t
-
in
p
u
t
p
r
o
f
iles
th
at
s
im
u
late
f
ield
r
ep
air
s
,
PW
HT
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
an
d
co
o
lin
g
m
ed
ia
s
u
ch
as
air
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
an
d
d
r
u
m
o
il
q
u
en
ch
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
will
ev
alu
ate
C
h
ar
p
y
to
u
g
h
n
ess
an
d
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
to
d
ev
elo
p
PW
HT
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
AH3
6
s
teel
th
at
m
ee
t
m
ar
in
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
C
las
s
if
icatio
n
B
u
r
ea
u
(
B
KI
)
s
h
ip
class
if
icatio
n
an
d
m
ater
ial
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
is
cr
u
ci
al
f
o
r
s
h
ip
b
u
ild
in
g
an
d
o
f
f
s
h
o
r
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
tab
ilit
y
,
wh
er
e
weld
in
g
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
es
can
ca
u
s
e
f
atig
u
e
c
r
ac
k
in
g
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
er
v
ice
life
u
n
d
er
wav
e
lo
a
d
s
an
d
in
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
g
o
es
b
e
y
o
n
d
ac
ad
em
ic
in
ter
ests
;
o
p
tim
izin
g
PW
HT
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
AH3
6
s
teel
co
u
ld
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
life
s
p
a
n
of
m
ar
itime
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
6
:
944
-
9
5
3
946
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
er
ia
l
prepa
ra
t
io
ns
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
on
AH3
6
s
teel,
a
h
ig
h
-
s
tr
en
g
th
s
teel
with
lo
w
ca
r
b
o
n
co
n
te
n
t,
ty
p
ically
less
th
an
0
.
3
%.
T
h
is
s
teel
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
in
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
h
ip
h
u
lls
,
m
ar
in
e
p
lates,
an
d
o
il
tan
k
s
.
T
ab
le
1
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
of
AH3
6
s
teel.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
AH3
6
s
teel
s
p
ec
im
en
s
f
o
r
m
ec
h
an
ical
test
in
g
T
ab
le
1.
Ma
ter
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
of
AH3
6
s
teel
El
e
m
e
n
t
s
C
o
m
p
o
si
t
i
o
n
(
%)
I
r
o
n
(
F
e
)
98
M
a
n
g
a
n
e
se
(
M
n
)
0
.
9
S
u
l
f
u
r
(S)
0
.
0
3
5
C
a
r
b
o
n
(
C
)
0
.
1
8
S
i
l
i
c
o
n
(
S
i
)
0
.
5
0
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
(P)
0
.
0
3
5
C
h
r
o
mi
u
m
(
C
r
)
0
.
2
0
N
i
c
k
e
l
(
N
i
)
0
.
4
0
T
h
e
weld
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
llo
wed
AW
S
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
SMAW
was
u
s
ed
,
with
a
d
i
r
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
elec
tr
o
d
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
(
DC
+)
p
o
lar
ity
.
T
h
e
1G
p
o
s
itio
n
was
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
a
s
in
g
le
V
-
g
r
o
o
v
e
b
u
tt
jo
in
t
with
an
i
n
clu
d
ed
an
g
le
of
60
°
,
u
s
in
g
E
7
0
1
8
elec
tr
o
d
es
.
T
a
b
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ess
en
tial
w
eld
in
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
an
g
e,
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
tr
av
el
s
p
ee
d
.
To
ev
alu
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
of
t
h
er
m
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
on
AH3
6
s
teel,
th
e
PW
HT
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
p
ec
im
en
s
wer
e
estab
lis
h
ed
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3.
Sp
ec
im
en
A,
wh
ich
was
ca
lled
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
r
ec
eiv
ed
no
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t.
Af
ter
t
h
e
weld
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
p
ec
im
en
s
B,
C,
an
d
D
wer
e
h
ea
ted
to
450
°C
,
6
0
0
°C
,
an
d
750
°C
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
h
eld
at
th
o
s
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
f
o
r
1
h
o
u
r
.
Af
ter
all
of
th
e
an
im
als
wer
e
h
ea
ted
,
th
ey
wer
e
co
o
led
in
two
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
way
s
.
As
a
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
,
r
e
g
u
latin
g
co
o
ls
th
in
g
s
d
o
wn
s
lo
wly
with
air
u
n
til
t
h
ey
r
ea
ch
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
.
Qu
e
n
ch
in
g
is
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
way
.
It
u
s
es
a
wate
r
m
ed
iu
m
m
ix
ed
with
Dr
o
m
u
s
Oil
in
a
1
:1
0
r
atio
.
T
ab
le
2.
W
eld
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
El
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
t
y
p
e
E7
0
1
8
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
1
5
0
–
200
A
(
D
C
+
)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
26
–
29
V
Tr
a
v
e
l
s
p
e
e
d
8
–
12
c
m/
m
i
n
Jo
i
n
t
g
e
o
met
r
y
60
°
S
i
n
g
l
e
V
-
g
r
o
o
v
e
El
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
t
y
p
e
E7
0
1
8
T
ab
le
3.
Sp
ec
im
en
s
’
v
ar
iatio
n
S
p
e
c
i
me
n
P
W
H
T
Te
mp
.
(
°
C
)
C
o
o
l
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
N
o
r
mal
i
z
i
n
g
Q
u
e
n
c
h
i
n
g
A
No
0
No
No
As
-
w
e
l
d
e
d
st
a
t
e
B
Y
e
s
4
5
0
Y
e
s
No
S
u
b
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
n
e
a
l
i
n
g
r
a
n
g
e
No
Y
e
s
C
Y
e
s
6
0
0
Y
e
s
No
I
n
t
e
r
-
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
g
i
o
n
No
Y
e
s
D
Y
e
s
7
5
0
Y
e
s
No
F
u
l
l
a
u
st
e
n
i
t
i
z
i
n
g
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
No
Y
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
ffect
o
f p
o
s
t
-
w
eld
h
ea
t trea
t
men
t a
n
d
c
o
o
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es o
n
mec
h
a
n
ic
a
l
…
(
A
h
ma
d
F
ir
d
h
a
u
s
)
947
2
.
2
.
M
ec
ha
nica
l
t
est
Fo
llo
win
g
SMAW
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
h
ea
t
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
of
th
e
s
p
ec
im
en
s
,
ten
s
ile
test
s
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
Nav
al
Ar
ch
itectu
r
e
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
at
Dip
o
n
eg
o
r
o
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
of
th
ese
ten
s
ile
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
was
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
-
s
tr
ain
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
am
p
le.
T
h
e
ten
s
ile
test
was
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
elastic
m
o
d
u
lu
s
.
T
h
e
test
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
ASTM
E
8
/E8
M
-
1
3
a
[
1
6
]
,
wh
ich
was
f
o
llo
wed
in
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ten
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
im
en
s
wer
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
tat
iv
en
ess
of
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ch
em
atic
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
v
iews
o
f
ten
s
ile
te
s
t
s
p
ec
im
en
s
f
o
r
SMAW
-
weld
ed
AH3
6
s
teel
af
ter
h
ea
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
a
d
r
awi
n
g
of
th
e
ten
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
im
e
n
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
its
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
g
au
g
e
len
g
th
(
G)
ex
ten
d
e
d
60
mm
b
e
y
o
n
d
th
e
weld
wid
th
,
an
d
t
h
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
s
ec
tio
n
len
g
th
(
A)
was
b
ased
on
ac
tu
al
s
p
ec
im
en
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
im
en
s
h
ad
a
wid
th
(
W
)
of
25
mm
an
d
a
th
ick
n
ess
(
T
)
of
6
m
m
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
en
d
s
of
th
e
s
p
ec
im
en
s
h
ad
a
f
illet
r
ad
iu
s
(
R
)
of
25
mm.
O
v
er
all
len
g
th
(
L
)
was
200
mm,
a
n
d
g
r
i
p
s
ec
tio
n
s
h
ad
a
wid
th
(
C
)
of
40
mm
an
d
len
g
th
(
B
)
of
50
m
m
.
Ph
o
to
g
r
ap
h
s
of
th
e
f
a
b
r
icate
d
ten
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
im
en
s
,
d
esig
n
ated
as
1,
2,
3,
an
d
4
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
each
PW
HT
co
n
d
itio
n
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
ese
im
ag
es
s
er
v
e
as
v
is
u
al
d
o
cu
m
en
tat
io
n
of
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
am
p
les
af
ter
weld
in
g
an
d
h
ea
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t,
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
ir
co
n
s
is
ten
t
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
b
ef
o
r
e
test
in
g
co
m
m
en
ce
d
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2.
Sch
em
atic
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
v
iews
of
ten
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
i
m
en
s
f
o
r
SMAW
-
weld
ed
AH3
6
s
teel
af
ter
h
ea
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
f
o
r
(
a)
illu
s
tr
atio
n
of
s
p
ec
im
en
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
ten
s
ile
test
b
ased
on
ASTM
E
8
/E8
M
-
13a
s
tan
d
ar
d
an
d
(
b
)
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
s
of
s
p
ec
im
en
s
lab
elled
1
–
4
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
PW
HT
co
n
d
itio
n
s
Nex
t,
th
e
im
p
ac
t
test
was
r
u
n
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
m
ater
ials
’
n
o
tc
h
ed
to
u
g
h
n
ess
.
In
g
en
er
al,
im
p
ac
t
test
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
class
if
ied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
p
ec
im
e
n
’
s
g
r
o
o
v
e
s
h
ap
e
an
d
t
h
e
lo
a
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e,
s
u
c
h
as
p
en
d
u
l
u
m
s
tr
ik
in
g
or
lo
ad
in
g
with
a
f
allin
g
weig
h
t.
T
h
e
C
h
ar
p
y
im
p
ac
t
test
,
as
p
ar
t
of
th
i
s
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
,
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
at
th
e
Ma
ter
ial
an
d
Sh
ip
Stre
n
g
th
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
of
Dip
o
n
eg
o
r
o
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
u
t
ilizin
g
a
JB
-
300B
C
h
ar
p
y
im
p
ac
t
test
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
test
s
p
ec
im
en
s
w
er
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
in
ac
co
r
d
a
n
ce
with
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
ASTM
E
2
3
-
1
6
b
,
wh
ic
h
g
o
v
er
n
s
C
h
ar
p
y
im
p
ac
t
test
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
m
ater
ials
[
1
7
]
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ch
em
atic
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
v
iews
o
f
im
p
ac
t
test
s
p
ec
im
en
s
f
o
r
SMAW
-
weld
ed
AH3
6
s
teel
a
f
ter
h
ea
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
.
A
s
ch
em
atic
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
of
th
e
im
p
ac
t
test
s
p
ec
im
en
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
,
wh
ich
d
elin
ea
tes
th
e
cr
itical
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
th
e
V
-
n
o
tch
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
in
teg
r
al
to
C
h
ar
p
y
im
p
ac
t
test
in
g
.
T
h
is
d
iag
r
am
id
en
tifie
s
th
e
o
v
er
all
le
n
g
th
(L),
wid
th
(
W
)
,
n
o
tch
d
ep
th
(
D)
,
a
n
d
n
o
tc
h
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
(
N)
,
all
of
wh
i
ch
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
ass
ess
m
en
t
of
a
m
ater
ial
’
s
im
p
ac
t
r
es
is
tan
ce
,
as
s
tip
u
lated
by
th
e
ASTM
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
Ph
o
to
g
r
ap
h
s
of
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
im
p
ac
t
test
s
p
ec
im
en
s
,
d
e
s
ig
n
ated
as
1,
2,
3,
an
d
4
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
each
PW
HT
co
n
d
itio
n
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
.
T
h
ese
im
ag
e
s
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
am
p
les
p
o
s
t
-
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
th
eir
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
f
o
r
m
,
n
o
tc
h
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
a
n
d
s
u
r
f
ac
e
f
in
is
h
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
co
m
m
en
ce
m
e
n
t
of
th
e
im
p
ac
t
test
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3.
Sch
em
atic
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
v
iews
of
im
p
ac
t
test
s
p
ec
im
en
s
f
o
r
SMAW
-
weld
ed
AH3
6
s
teel
af
ter
h
ea
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
f
o
r
(
a)
illu
s
tr
atio
n
of
s
p
ec
im
en
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
ac
t
test
an
d
(
b
)
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
s
of
s
p
ec
im
en
s
lab
elled
1
–
4
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
PW
H
T
co
n
d
itio
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
6
:
944
-
9
5
3
948
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
T
ens
ile
s
t
re
ng
t
h
T
en
s
ile
test
in
g
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
t
h
e
Sh
ip
Stru
ctu
r
e
an
d
Stre
n
g
t
h
L
a
b
o
r
ato
r
y
of
Dip
o
n
eg
o
r
o
Un
iv
er
s
ity
in
Sem
ar
an
g
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
of
th
e
ten
s
ile
test
in
clu
d
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ess
,
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ain
,
an
d
elastic
m
o
d
u
lu
s
,
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
of
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
of
AH3
6
s
teel
p
o
s
t
-
weld
in
g
v
ia
SMAW
with
v
ar
y
in
g
q
u
en
ch
in
g
an
d
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
h
ea
t
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
es.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
lo
ad
r
e
s
u
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
can
be
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
s
tr
ess
f
o
r
m
u
la,
wh
er
e
=
0
So
th
at
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
of
each
s
p
ec
im
en
is
o
b
tain
ed
,
wh
er
e
is
th
e
u
ltima
te
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
(
UT
S)
(
MPa)
,
is
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
lo
ad
b
ef
o
r
e
f
ailu
r
e
(
N)
,
an
d
0
is
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
.
All
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
alu
es
we
r
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
s
af
ety
r
e
q
u
i
r
em
en
t
of
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
es
tab
lis
h
ed
by
th
e
B
KI
,
as
in
d
icate
d
by
th
e
r
e
d
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
lin
e
in
Fig
u
r
e
4.
T
h
e
s
af
ety
th
r
esh
o
ld
is
b
ased
on
490
MPa
[
1
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4.
T
e
n
s
ile
s
tr
ess
r
esp
o
n
s
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
test
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
T
h
e
b
ase
m
o
d
el,
M
o
d
el
A,
wi
th
PW
HT
at
0
°C
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
as
-
weld
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
with
o
u
t
th
er
m
al
s
tr
ess
r
elief
,
d
eliv
er
in
g
UT
S
v
alu
es
of
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
6
2
0
MPa
af
ter
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
a
n
d
6
1
0
MPa
af
te
r
q
u
en
ch
i
n
g
,
b
o
th
of
w
h
ich
c
o
m
f
o
r
ta
b
ly
ex
ce
e
d
th
e
B
KI
s
af
ety
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t.
T
h
is
b
aselin
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
estab
lis
h
es
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
u
n
t
r
ea
ted
weld
m
en
ts
,
wh
e
r
e
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
m
ar
g
in
al
s
tr
en
g
th
ad
v
an
tag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
r
ad
u
al
co
o
lin
g
t
h
at
m
in
im
izes
d
is
to
r
tio
n
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
q
u
en
c
h
in
g
in
tr
o
d
u
c
es
s
lig
h
t
h
ar
d
e
n
in
g
,
but
th
is
ef
f
ec
t
is
lim
ited
by
t
h
e
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
es
in
h
er
en
t
to
th
e
weld
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
v
ar
ia
n
ts
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
Mo
d
el
B
with
P
W
HT
at
450
°C
,
wh
er
e
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
y
ield
s
a
UT
S
of
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
660
MPa,
a
n
d
q
u
en
ch
in
g
r
aises
it
to
o
v
er
7
8
0
MPa,
in
d
icatin
g
an
o
p
tim
al
b
alan
ce
of
s
tr
ess
r
elief
an
d
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
g
ain
in
q
u
en
ch
e
d
s
p
ec
im
en
s
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
p
ar
tial
a
u
s
ten
itizatio
n
f
o
llo
wed
by
r
ap
i
d
o
il
co
o
lin
g
,
wh
ic
h
p
r
o
m
o
tes
a
r
ef
in
ed
m
ar
ten
s
itic
p
h
ase
th
at
d
is
tr
ib
u
tes
cy
clic
lo
a
d
s
m
o
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
l
y
,
th
e
r
eb
y
d
elay
in
g
cr
ac
k
in
itiatio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
a
g
at
io
n
u
n
d
er
r
ep
ea
ted
m
ar
in
e
lo
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
wav
e
-
in
d
u
ce
d
s
tr
ess
es
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
te
n
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
s
ac
r
o
s
s
s
p
ec
im
en
s
ex
ce
ed
th
e
ASTM
A1
3
1
r
eq
u
i
r
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
AH3
6
s
teel
by
19
%
–
3
1
%,
f
av
o
r
ab
ly
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
i
n
g
ag
ain
s
t
s
im
ilar
SMAW
-
weld
ed
lo
w
-
ca
r
b
o
n
s
teels
in
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
y
ield
s
tr
en
g
t
h
s
,
s
u
r
p
ass
in
g
ASTM
A1
3
1
m
i
n
im
u
m
y
ield
,
c
o
r
r
el
ate
with
PW
HT
-
in
d
u
ce
d
f
e
r
r
ite
-
p
ea
r
lite
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t
at
450
–
600
°C
,
r
ed
u
ci
ng
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
es
an
d
en
h
an
c
in
g
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
as
p
er
AB
S
r
u
les
f
o
r
m
ater
ials
an
d
w
eld
in
g
;
q
u
e
n
ch
in
g
p
r
o
m
o
tes
m
ar
te
n
s
ite
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
UT
S,
wh
ile
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
f
av
o
r
s
d
u
ctility
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
lo
wer
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
r
ep
o
r
ted
c
o
r
r
el
atio
n
s
in
AW
S
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
weld
in
teg
r
ity
in
m
a
r
in
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
2
1
]
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
least
f
av
o
r
ab
l
e
o
u
tco
m
e
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Mo
d
el
D
with
P
W
HT
at
750
°C
,
y
ield
in
g
UT
S
v
alu
es
of
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
595
MPa
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
an
d
6
5
0
MPa
u
n
d
er
q
u
e
n
ch
in
g
,
r
ef
lectin
g
o
v
er
-
tem
p
er
in
g
an
d
g
r
ain
c
o
ar
s
en
in
g
t
h
at
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
in
teg
r
ity
,
d
esp
ite
s
till
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
B
KI
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t.
E
lev
ated
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
at
th
is
lev
el
lead
to
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
ca
r
b
id
e
co
alescen
ce
an
d
s
o
f
ten
in
g
in
th
e
HAZ
,
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
th
e
b
en
ef
its
of
b
o
th
co
o
l
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
r
esu
ltin
g
in
t
h
e
lo
west
s
tr
en
g
th
r
eten
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
er
ies.
Su
ch
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
r
is
k
s
of
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
PW
H
T
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l
to
p
r
ev
en
t
d
etr
im
en
tal
e
f
f
ec
ts
on
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
of
weld
ed
lo
w
-
ca
r
b
o
n
s
teel
in
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Mod
el
A
Mod
el
B
Mod
el
C
Mod
el
D
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Te
nsile Str
en
gth
(M
Pa
)
Specime
nt
Norm
alizing
Que
nch
ing
BK
I
Safet
y
R
equi
rem
ent
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
ffect
o
f p
o
s
t
-
w
eld
h
ea
t trea
t
men
t a
n
d
c
o
o
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es o
n
mec
h
a
n
ic
a
l
…
(
A
h
ma
d
F
ir
d
h
a
u
s
)
949
3
.
2
.
M
o
du
lus
of
ela
s
t
icit
y
a
n
d
s
t
ra
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tr
ess
-
s
tr
ain
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
AH3
6
s
teel
in
Mo
d
el
A,
wh
ich
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
b
aselin
e
with
o
u
t
PW
HT
.
It
d
em
o
n
s
tr
at
es
a
lin
ea
r
elastic
r
eg
io
n
,
wh
er
ein
s
tr
ess
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
s
tr
ain
up
to
a
s
tr
ess
of
r
o
u
g
h
ly
3
5
5
MPa
an
d
a
m
o
d
u
lu
s
of
elasticity
of
ar
o
u
n
d
2
0
0
GPa.
T
h
is
is
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
by
p
last
ic
d
ef
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
by
s
tr
ain
h
ar
d
e
n
in
g
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
an
UT
S
of
490
–
620
MPa,
f
o
llo
wed
by
n
ec
k
in
g
an
d
f
r
ac
tu
r
e
at
an
elo
n
g
atio
n
of
25
%
–
2
8
%,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
co
n
s
id
er
a
b
le
d
u
ctility
.
T
h
ese
b
eh
av
io
r
s
alig
n
wi
th
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
on
u
n
tr
ea
ted
AH3
6
s
teel.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ab
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
teels,
s
u
ch
as
ASTM
A3
6
,
ex
h
ib
it
s
im
ilar
p
r
o
f
iles
,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
is
tin
ct
elastic
an
d
p
last
ic
p
h
ases
,
an
d
m
ee
t
s
h
ip
b
u
ild
in
g
el
o
n
g
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
L
iter
atu
r
e
on
AH3
6
co
n
f
ir
m
s
h
ig
h
d
u
ctility
an
d
a
m
o
d
u
lu
s
n
ea
r
200
GPa
at
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
th
e
a
b
s
en
ce
of
PW
HT
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
its
ap
p
licatio
n
in
m
ar
in
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
to
u
g
h
n
ess
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
ASTM
A1
3
1
s
p
e
cif
icatio
n
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
by
weld
in
g
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
atio
of
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
an
o
b
ject
’
s
len
g
th
to
its
in
itial
len
g
th
is
th
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
of
s
tr
a
in
.
T
en
s
ile
s
tr
ain
ar
is
es
wh
en
th
e
r
o
d
is
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
p
u
llin
g
f
o
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
can
be
u
tili
z
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
ain
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
:
=
∆
0
100%
,
wh
er
e
∆
is
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
len
g
th
,
wh
ile
0
is
th
e
len
g
th
of
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
p
ec
im
en
.
Fig
u
r
e
5.
Stre
s
s
-
s
tr
ain
cu
r
v
es
of
AH3
6
s
teel
Mo
d
el
A
as
b
as
elin
e
m
o
d
el
In
ter
m
s
of
s
tr
ain
,
t
h
e
g
r
a
p
h
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ate
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
d
ec
lin
e
as
PW
HT
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
es,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
er
v
a
lu
es
of
a
b
o
u
t
25
%
–
2
8
%
in
Mo
d
el
A
an
d
d
e
cr
ea
s
in
g
to
a
r
o
u
n
d
20
%
–
22%
in
Mo
d
el
D.
No
tab
ly
,
q
u
en
ch
i
n
g
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
y
ield
s
lo
wer
s
tr
ain
v
alu
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
at
each
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
lev
el,
in
d
icatin
g
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
u
ctility
u
n
d
er
r
ap
i
d
co
o
lin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
wh
er
e
f
aster
co
o
lin
g
m
ay
en
h
an
ce
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
but
at
th
e
ex
p
en
s
e
of
elo
n
g
atio
n
.
In
m
ar
in
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
is
tr
an
s
lates
in
to
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
r
esis
tan
ce
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
with
PW
HT
-
o
p
tim
ized
weld
s
ex
h
ib
itin
g
r
e
d
u
ce
d
p
o
r
o
s
ity
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
i
n
ter
g
r
a
n
u
l
ar
co
h
esio
n
[
2
3
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
m
o
d
u
lu
s
of
elasticity
,
th
e
v
alu
es
ex
h
ib
it
r
elativ
e
s
tab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
m
o
d
els,
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
0
0
–
210
GPa.
T
h
er
e
is
a
s
u
b
tle
d
o
wn
w
ar
d
tr
e
n
d
with
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
PW
HT
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
m
an
if
esti
n
g
as
m
in
o
r
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
s
(
less
th
an
1
0
%)
f
r
o
m
Mo
d
el
A
to
Mo
d
el
D,
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
of
th
e
co
o
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
h
ig
h
er
PW
HT
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
ex
er
t
o
n
ly
a
lim
ited
in
f
lu
en
ce
on
th
e
m
ater
ial
’
s
elastic
s
tiff
n
ess
p
o
s
t
-
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
All
s
tr
ain
f
in
d
in
g
s
m
ee
t
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
s
af
ety
s
tan
d
ar
d
of
22
mm
estab
lis
h
ed
by
t
h
e
B
KI
[
1
6
]
,
as
in
d
icate
d
by
t
h
e
r
ed
lin
e.
T
h
e
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
with
elev
ate
d
P
W
HT
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
an
d
th
e
in
f
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
er
q
u
e
n
ch
in
g
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
estab
lis
h
ed
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Qu
e
n
ch
in
g
p
r
o
m
o
tes
m
ar
ten
s
ite
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
wh
ich
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
atig
u
e
life
due
to
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
th
a
t
d
im
in
is
h
es
s
tr
ess
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
at
weld
r
eg
i
o
n
s
.
No
r
m
alizin
g
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
lo
wer
air
co
o
lin
g
,
r
e
f
in
es
g
r
ain
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
en
h
an
ce
s
elo
n
g
atio
n
,
alig
n
in
g
with
its
ap
p
licatio
n
in
m
ain
tain
i
n
g
b
a
lan
ce
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
f
o
r
s
h
ip
b
u
ild
in
g
[
2
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
at
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
ex
ce
ed
in
g
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
a
n
g
e
(
e.
g
.
,
750
°C
)
,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ep
o
r
ts
p
o
ten
tial
d
u
ctility
lo
s
s
d
u
e
to
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
ar
s
en
in
g
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
d
o
wn
war
d
tr
en
d
in
th
e
g
r
ap
h
.
Nev
er
t
h
eless
,
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
r
ep
o
r
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
in
elo
n
g
atio
n
with
m
o
d
er
ate
PW
HT
f
o
r
s
tr
e
s
s
r
elief
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Ov
er
all,
th
ese
tr
en
d
s
ad
h
er
e
to
th
e
m
etallu
r
g
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
o
u
tlin
ed
in
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
s
u
ch
as
ASTM
A1
3
1
,
with
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
tailo
r
ed
test
in
g
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
v
er
if
y
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Stres
s
(MPa)
Strai
n (%
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
6
:
944
-
9
5
3
950
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
m
o
d
u
lu
s
o
f
elasticity
an
d
s
tr
ain
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t la
y
er
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
test
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
3
.
3
.
I
m
pa
c
t
ener
g
y
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
of
th
e
im
p
ac
t
en
er
g
y
test
f
o
r
AH3
6
s
teel,
wh
ich
was
SM
AW
an
d
th
en
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
PW
HT
at
450
°C
,
600
°C
,
an
d
750
°C
,
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7.
Fo
llo
win
g
each
t
h
er
m
al
tr
e
atm
en
t,
two
co
o
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
ap
p
lied
:
n
o
r
m
a
lizin
g
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
ed
m
o
d
er
ate
air
co
o
lin
g
,
an
d
q
u
en
c
h
in
g
,
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
ed
r
ap
id
co
o
lin
g
.
T
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
r
ed
lin
e
in
th
e
g
r
a
p
h
r
e
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
im
p
ac
t
en
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
s
et
by
th
e
B
KI
f
o
r
m
ar
itime
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
lin
e
s
er
v
es
as
a
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
th
e
s
teel
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
a
t
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
y
i
eld
s
h
ig
h
er
im
p
ac
t
en
er
g
y
v
alu
es
th
an
q
u
en
ch
i
n
g
ac
r
o
s
s
all
PW
HT
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
an
g
es.
Sp
ec
im
en
A,
wh
ich
d
id
n
o
t
r
ec
eiv
e
PW
HT
,
s
u
s
tain
ed
im
p
ac
t
en
er
g
y
le
v
els
ab
o
v
e
th
e
B
KI
m
in
im
u
m
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
of
th
e
co
o
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e,
i
n
d
ica
tin
g
th
at
as
-
weld
ed
AH3
6
s
teel
h
as
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
in
h
er
en
t
to
u
g
h
n
ess
d
esp
ite
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
es
an
d
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
af
ter
weld
in
g
.
T
r
ea
tm
en
t
at
450
°C
(
Sp
ec
im
en
B)
r
e
d
u
ce
d
i
m
p
ac
t
en
er
g
y
,
esp
ec
ially
u
n
d
e
r
q
u
e
n
ch
in
g
,
wh
ich
f
ell
u
n
d
er
th
e
B
KI
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
in
ad
eq
u
ate
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
d
o
es
not
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
allev
iate
r
esid
u
a
l
s
tr
ess
e
s
or
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
we
ld
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
Sp
ec
im
en
C,
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
tr
ea
tm
en
t
at
6
0
0
°C
,
ex
h
i
b
ited
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
av
o
r
ab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
d
u
r
in
g
n
o
r
m
aliza
tio
n
,
wh
e
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
en
er
g
y
r
ea
ch
e
d
its
p
ea
k
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
p
ec
im
en
s
.
W
h
ile
q
u
en
ch
in
g
at
600
°C
y
ield
ed
im
p
ac
t
en
er
g
y
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
th
at
m
et
th
e
B
KI
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
th
e
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
m
eth
o
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
at
6
0
0
°C
m
ay
be
attr
ib
u
ted
to
ef
f
icien
t
r
ec
r
y
s
tallis
atio
n
an
d
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
ef
in
em
en
t,
al
o
n
g
with
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
allev
iatio
n
of
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
,
th
er
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
m
ater
ial
’
s
to
u
g
h
n
ess
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
Sp
ec
im
en
D,
tr
ea
ted
to
750
°C
PW
HT
,
ex
h
ib
ited
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
im
p
ac
t
en
er
g
y
with
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
but
d
i
d
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
B
KI
s
tan
d
ar
d
w
h
en
q
u
e
n
ch
ed
.
T
h
e
d
im
in
is
h
ed
ef
f
icac
y
of
th
e
q
u
e
n
ch
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
at
750
°C
is
lik
ely
attr
ib
u
tab
le
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
g
r
ain
g
r
o
wth
at
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
wh
ich
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
o
u
g
h
n
ess
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
co
m
b
in
ed
with
f
ast
co
o
lin
g
th
at
m
ay
r
esu
lt
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
a
b
r
ittl
e
m
ar
te
n
s
itic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
to
u
g
h
n
ess
of
AH3
6
s
teel
af
ter
weld
in
g
is
r
ev
ea
le
d
by
ex
am
in
atio
n
of
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
as
th
e
PW
HT
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
co
o
li
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
af
f
ec
t
it.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
m
eth
o
d
id
e
n
tifie
d
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
ater
ial
to
u
g
h
n
es
s
with
o
u
t
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
g
r
ain
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
was
PW
HT
at
6
0
0
°C
,
co
u
p
led
with
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
.
By
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
q
u
e
n
ch
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e,
wh
eth
er
u
s
ed
at
lo
wer
or
h
ig
h
er
P
W
HT
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
ten
d
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
im
p
ac
t
e
n
er
g
y
lev
els
u
n
d
er
th
e
m
i
n
im
a
l
th
r
esh
o
ld
d
ef
i
n
ed
by
B
KI
s
af
ety
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
wh
en
h
ig
h
to
u
g
h
n
ess
an
d
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
d
ep
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
ar
e
ess
en
tial
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
m
a
r
itime
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
q
u
en
ch
in
g
is
less
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate.
T
h
e
en
h
an
ce
d
ten
s
ile
p
r
o
p
er
ti
es
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
PW
HT
an
d
co
o
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
d
ir
ec
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
s
h
i
p
r
ep
ai
r
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
Qu
e
n
ch
in
g
at
4
5
0
°C
en
ab
les
r
ap
id
on
-
s
ite
s
tr
ess
r
elief
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
-
i
n
d
u
ce
d
c
r
ac
k
in
g
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
s
af
er
,
more
d
u
r
a
b
le
h
u
ll
r
ep
air
s
in
d
r
y
d
o
ck
or
f
lo
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
with
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
d
u
ctil
ity
(
2
4
%
–
2
8
%).
In
o
f
f
s
h
o
r
e
p
latf
o
r
m
f
ab
r
icatio
n
,
n
o
r
m
a
lizin
g
af
ter
PW
HT
p
r
o
m
o
tes
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
er
r
ite
-
p
ea
r
lite
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
th
er
e
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
r
esis
tan
ce
to
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
ad
s
an
d
co
r
r
o
s
io
n
-
f
atig
u
e
in
s
alin
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
an
d
e
x
ten
d
in
g
s
er
v
ice
life
f
o
r
r
is
er
s
an
d
jack
ets
wh
ile
m
ee
tin
g
B
KI
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Fo
r
u
n
d
er
wate
r
we
ld
in
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
th
ese
r
e
g
im
e
n
s
m
in
im
ize
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
es
an
d
em
b
r
ittl
em
en
t
r
is
k
s
,
en
h
an
ci
n
g
weld
in
te
g
r
i
ty
ag
ain
s
t
h
y
d
r
o
s
tatic
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
r
eliab
le
h
y
p
e
r
b
ar
ic
r
ep
air
s
with
m
in
im
al
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
by
t
h
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
y
ield
s
tr
e
n
g
th
s
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
ia
n
ts
.
Mod
el
A
Mod
el
B
Mod
el
C
Mod
el
D
0
50
100
150
200
250
Mo
du
lus Elasticity (
GPa)
Specime
nt
Norm
alizing
Que
nch
ing
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Strain
(%)
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K
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M
inimu
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e
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ir
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n
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
E
ffect
o
f p
o
s
t
-
w
eld
h
ea
t trea
t
men
t a
n
d
c
o
o
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es o
n
mec
h
a
n
ic
a
l
…
(
A
h
ma
d
F
ir
d
h
a
u
s
)
951
Fig
u
r
e
7.
I
m
p
ac
t
en
e
r
g
y
r
esu
lts
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
test
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
t
o
PW
HT
f
o
r
SMAW
-
weld
ed
AH3
6
s
teel
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
of
4
5
0
°C
–
600
°C
,
wh
en
co
m
b
in
e
d
with
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
or
q
u
en
c
h
in
g
,
y
ield
o
p
tim
al
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
t
h
at
e
x
ce
e
d
B
KI
s
af
ety
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
.
T
h
ese
en
h
an
c
em
en
ts
r
esu
lt
f
r
o
m
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
r
esid
u
al
-
s
tr
ess
r
elief
an
d
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
ef
in
em
en
t,
af
f
ir
m
in
g
PW
HT
’
s
ef
f
icac
y
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
weld
r
e
liab
ilit
y
in
m
ar
i
n
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
In
p
r
a
ctica
l
ter
m
s
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
B
KI
-
co
m
p
lian
t
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
s
h
ip
h
u
lls
an
d
o
f
f
s
h
o
r
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
wh
e
r
e
q
u
en
c
h
in
g
m
ax
im
izes
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
u
n
d
er
h
ig
h
-
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
en
h
an
ce
s
d
u
ctility
,
th
er
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
r
esis
t
an
ce
to
f
atig
u
e
an
d
co
r
r
o
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
b
alan
ce
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ex
ten
d
in
g
s
er
v
i
ce
life
in
d
y
n
am
ic
s
alin
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
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esti
g
ate
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icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
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e
v
o
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tio
n
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g
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ea
ter
d
etail
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etter
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n
d
er
s
tan
d
p
h
ase
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
an
d
v
alid
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ec
h
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ical
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eh
av
io
r
m
o
d
els
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e
d
A
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ctu
r
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Ser
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Aut
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C
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J)
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I
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p
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,
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1
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e
rin
g
,
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
r
o
Un
i
v
e
rsity
sin
c
e
2
0
2
2
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
s
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
h
ip
h
y
d
ro
d
y
n
a
m
ics
a
n
d
sh
ip
stru
c
tu
re
s.
He
can
be
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
a
fird
h
a
u
s@
lec
tu
re
r.
u
n
d
ip
.
a
c
.
i
d
.
Bli
n
k
a
H
e
r
n
a
wa
n
Pr
a
se
ty
a
is
a
l
e
c
tu
re
r
in
c
iv
il
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
at
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
of
Civ
il
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
of
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Di
p
o
n
e
g
o
r
o
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
.
He
h
o
l
d
s
a
m
a
ste
r
’
s
d
e
g
re
e
(M
.
En
g
.
)
in
Ci
v
il
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
a
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
o
f
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(B
.
En
g
.
)
in
Civ
i
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
ro
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
,
in
2
0
1
9
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
f
o
c
u
se
s
on
m
a
teria
l
stru
c
t
u
re
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
o
sites
.
He
can
be
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
b
li
n
k
a
@li
v
e
.
u
n
d
i
p
.
a
c
.
id
.
Mu
h
a
m
m
a
d
Adn
a
n
Riv
a
ld
i
e
a
rn
e
d
h
is
B.
En
g
.
(2
0
2
3
)
fro
m
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Na
v
a
l
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
ro
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
we
ld
in
g
a
n
d
sh
i
p
stru
c
t
u
re
s.
He
can
be
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
riv
a
l
d
i3
9
7
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Pa
r
li
n
d
u
n
g
a
n
M
a
n
i
k
is
a
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
Na
v
a
l
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
wi
th
a
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ted
h
isto
r
y
of
wo
r
k
in
g
at
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
ro
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
h
o
ld
s
a
P
h
.
D.
in
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Di
p
o
n
e
g
o
r
o
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
in
2
0
2
2
,
a
m
a
ste
r
o
f
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(M
.
En
g
.
)
fro
m
S
e
p
u
l
u
h
No
p
e
m
b
e
r
In
stit
u
te
of
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
in
2
0
0
2
,
a
n
d
a
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(B.
En
g
.
)
fro
m
S
e
p
u
l
u
h
No
p
e
m
b
e
r
In
stit
u
te
of
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
in
1
9
9
7
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
sh
ip
m
a
teria
l
s
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
o
site
s
.
He
c
a
n
be
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
p
a
rli
n
d
u
n
g
a
n
_
m
a
n
ik
@l
iv
e
.
u
n
d
ip
.
a
c
.
id
.
Tu
sw
a
n
is
an
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
N
a
v
a
l
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Di
p
o
n
e
g
o
ro
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
h
o
ld
s
a
Ph
.
D
.
in
Na
v
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
S
e
p
u
lu
h
No
p
e
m
b
e
r
In
stit
u
te
of
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
in
2
0
2
1
,
a
n
d
a
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(B.
E
n
g
.
)
in
Na
v
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
r
o
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
in
2
0
1
6
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
tere
sts
a
re
sh
ip
stru
c
t
u
re
a
n
d
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
.
He
can
be
c
o
n
tac
ted
at
e
m
a
il
:
tu
sw
a
n
@le
c
tu
re
r.
u
n
d
ip
.
a
c
.
i
d
.
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