I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Adv
a
nces in Applie
d Science
s
(
I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
5
~
1
1
6
5
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
aa
s
.
v
1
5
.
i
3
.
pp
1
1
5
5
-
1165
1155
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
a
a
s
.
ia
esco
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Driv
ers o
f
sa
lespe
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n perf
o
r
m
a
nce
:
v
a
lue t
ra
ns
fer, p
erso
na
lity
co
ng
ruence,
a
nd
s
elling
a
m
bia
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v
i D
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s
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uchs
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a
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b
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se
d
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v
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lu
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T
V
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a
s
a
m
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d
iatin
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m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
li
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k
in
g
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d
a
p
ti
v
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g
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S
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e
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ra
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li
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e
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P
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n
d
p
o
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ll
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n
g
a
m
b
ian
c
e
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S
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to
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les
p
e
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n
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
(S
P
)
in
a
re
tail
b
a
n
k
in
g
c
o
n
tex
t.
Us
in
g
a
q
u
a
n
t
it
a
ti
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e
c
ro
ss
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se
c
ti
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n
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rv
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e
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ires
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ted
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ro
m
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f
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sa
les
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p
le
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Ba
n
k
BNI
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P
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b
k
in
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d
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.
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h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
o
d
e
l
w
a
s
tes
ted
u
sin
g
stru
c
tu
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
(S
EM
)
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
AS
,
S
P
C
,
a
n
d
P
S
A
sig
n
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ica
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tl
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
P
T
V
,
a
n
d
P
T
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p
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v
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ly
p
re
d
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SP
.
M
e
d
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o
n
a
n
a
ly
sis
in
d
ica
tes
th
a
t
P
T
V
tra
n
sm
it
s
th
e
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
th
e
se
a
n
tec
e
d
e
n
ts
o
n
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
th
e
im
p
o
rtan
c
e
o
f
co
n
v
e
rti
n
g
se
ll
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
rs
a
n
d
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
c
li
m
a
tes
in
to
c
u
sto
m
e
r
-
in
tern
a
li
z
e
d
v
a
lu
e
.
T
h
e
st
u
d
y
c
o
n
tri
b
u
tes
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
c
in
g
a
n
d
e
m
p
iri
c
a
ll
y
v
a
li
d
a
ti
n
g
P
T
V
a
s
a
n
o
v
e
l
p
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
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l
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
i
n
sa
les
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
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se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
o
f
fe
rs
m
a
n
a
g
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ri
a
l
im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
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re
c
ru
it
m
e
n
t,
trai
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
in
b
u
sin
e
ss
-
to
-
c
o
n
su
m
e
r
f
in
a
n
c
ial
se
r
v
ic
e
s.
F
u
tu
r
e
re
se
a
rc
h
m
a
y
e
x
ten
d
th
is
m
o
d
e
l
a
c
ro
ss
in
d
u
stries
a
n
d
e
x
a
m
in
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b
o
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n
d
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ry
c
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n
d
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ti
o
n
s u
si
n
g
m
u
lt
i
-
g
ro
u
p
d
e
si
g
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
d
ap
tiv
e
s
elli
n
g
B
r
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
co
n
g
r
u
e
n
ce
P
o
s
itiv
e
s
elli
n
g
a
m
b
ia
n
ce
P
r
ef
er
en
ce
-
b
ased
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
v
alu
e
Salesp
er
s
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Su
la
s
tr
i S
u
last
r
i
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
en
t,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
co
n
o
m
ics,
U
n
i
v
er
s
itas
Sri
w
ij
a
y
a
P
r
ab
u
m
u
li
h
Hi
g
h
w
a
y
,
KM
3
2
,
Og
an
I
lir,
P
ale
m
b
an
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
E
m
ail:
s
u
la
s
tr
i
@
u
n
s
r
i.a
c.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
o
le
o
f
s
alesp
eo
p
le
ar
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ca
n
cr
ea
te
co
m
p
an
y
v
alu
e
as
a
co
r
e
v
alu
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
m
p
e
titi
v
e
n
es
s
[
1
]
–
[
4]
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ew
ar
d
s
an
d
in
ce
n
t
iv
es
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
(
SP
)
[
5
]
,
in
tr
in
s
i
c
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
[
6
]
–
[
8
]
,
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
an
d
lis
ten
in
g
[
4
]
,
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
9
]
,
a
d
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
[
9
]
,
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
-
b
r
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
co
n
g
r
u
en
ce
(
SP
C
)
[
7
]
,
an
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ellin
g
a
m
b
ia
n
ce
(
PS
A
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
s
al
e
s
p
e
o
p
le
a
s
f
r
o
n
t
l
in
e
r
s
is
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
to
m
an
ag
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
[
4
]
,
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
P
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e
cu
s
to
m
er
tr
u
s
t
an
d
r
ep
u
r
ch
ase
in
te
n
tio
n
,
w
h
ich
c
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
h
as
an
i
m
p
ac
t o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
A
d
ap
tiv
e
s
elli
n
g
(
AS
)
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
s
s
ale
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
c
u
s
to
m
er
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
l
y
w
it
h
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
AS
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
o
r
ien
tat
io
n
h
av
e
a
n
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
SP
[
1
6
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
s
e
v
er
al
s
tu
d
ie
s
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
SP
C
af
f
ec
t
s
SP
[
1
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
B
r
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
i
m
p
ac
ts
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
'
e
m
o
tio
n
al
lo
y
alt
y
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
s
h
o
w
AS
,
SP
C
,
a
n
d
PSA
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
SP
,
an
d
w
h
et
h
er
t
h
ese
ef
f
ec
ts
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
ef
er
en
c
e
-
b
ased
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
v
alu
e
(
P
T
V)
.
Sp
ec
if
icall
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
te
s
ts
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
a
n
d
th
e
m
ed
iatin
g
r
o
le
o
f
P
T
V
w
it
h
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
esear
c
h
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
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t
r
o
les
o
f
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
SP
s
o
th
at
r
esear
c
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2026
:
1
1
5
5
-
1165
1156
g
ap
s
ca
n
b
e
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r
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.
T
o
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g
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
els
an
d
em
p
ir
ica
l
m
o
d
el
s
th
a
t
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
test
ed
.
Fo
r
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
,
it
is
ex
p
e
cted
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
t
h
in
k
in
g
o
f
m
ar
k
eti
n
g
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
ac
tices,
e
s
p
ec
i
all
y
i
n
m
a
n
a
g
in
g
s
alesp
eo
p
le
b
y
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
P
T
V
d
r
iv
en
b
y
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
ales s
k
il
l,
SP
C
,
an
d
P
SA
s
o
as to
r
aise t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
SP
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
er
s
n
o
v
elt
y
o
n
t
h
r
ee
lev
el
s
.
C
o
n
ce
p
t
u
all
y
,
it
s
p
ec
if
ies
a
tr
iad
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
o
d
el
in
w
h
ic
h
P
T
V
is
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
m
ed
iato
r
th
at
tr
an
s
lates
AS
s
k
ill
s
,
SP
C
,
an
d
P
SA
i
n
to
SP
.
E
m
p
ir
icall
y
,
it
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
a
t
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
ex
p
er
ien
tial
d
r
iv
er
s
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
lar
g
el
y
in
d
ir
ec
t:
r
ath
er
th
an
s
i
m
p
l
y
p
er
s
u
ad
in
g
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
o
n
th
e
s
p
o
t,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
ale
s
p
eo
p
le
tr
an
s
f
er
p
er
ce
iv
ed
v
alu
e
th
a
t
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
in
ter
n
alize
s
an
d
ca
r
r
ies
f
o
r
w
ar
d
as
tr
u
s
t
a
n
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
C
o
n
te
x
tu
a
ll
y
,
it
te
s
ts
t
h
i
s
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
i
n
a
h
i
g
h
-
co
n
tact
an
d
h
ig
h
-
r
is
k
s
er
v
ice
ca
te
g
o
r
y
—
co
n
s
u
m
er
f
i
n
a
n
cial
p
r
o
d
u
cts
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
r
etail
b
an
k
i
n
g
—
w
h
er
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
,
r
ea
s
s
u
r
a
n
ce
,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
a
lig
n
m
en
t
w
it
h
th
e
b
r
an
d
ar
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
T
ak
en
to
g
et
h
er
,
th
ese
ele
m
e
n
ts
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
w
o
r
k
f
r
o
m
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
t
u
d
ies
in
f
ast
-
m
o
v
i
n
g
r
etail,
lu
x
u
r
y
b
r
an
d
in
g
,
o
r
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
-
to
-
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
(
B
2
B
)
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
elli
n
g
.
SP
h
as
b
ee
n
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
u
s
in
g
f
iv
e
i
n
d
icato
r
s
th
at
ca
p
t
u
r
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
m
ar
k
e
t
s
h
ar
e,
s
ales
o
f
h
ig
h
-
m
ar
g
i
n
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
r
ev
en
u
e
g
en
er
atio
n
,
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
an
d
s
ellin
g
to
k
e
y
ac
co
u
n
ts
,
an
d
th
e
ex
te
n
t
to
w
h
ic
h
s
ales
tar
g
ets
ar
e
ex
ce
ed
ed
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
,
SP
is
ass
e
s
s
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
First,
a
s
elf
-
e
v
al
u
atio
n
s
ca
le
is
u
s
ed
t
o
ca
p
tu
r
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
cu
s
to
m
er
g
r
o
w
t
h
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
tea
m
s
ales
ta
r
g
ets,
attai
n
m
en
t
r
elati
v
e
to
th
e
an
n
u
al
q
u
o
ta,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
elati
v
e
to
hi
gh
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
p
ee
r
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
a
m
an
a
g
er
ev
al
u
atio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
ex
ter
n
al
ass
es
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
tech
n
ical
ab
ilit
y
,
q
u
o
ta
attai
n
m
en
t,
an
d
tea
m
w
o
r
k
.
P
r
io
r
e
m
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
co
n
s
is
ten
t
l
y
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
AS
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
SP
ac
r
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
s
elli
n
g
co
n
te
x
t
s
[
5
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
2
5
]
–
[
2
9
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
is
:
‒
H1
:
AS
h
as a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t o
n
SP
Ser
v
ice
-
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
lo
g
ic
e
m
p
h
asizes
v
alu
e
cr
ea
tio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
ialized
co
m
p
ete
n
cie
s
an
d
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
ati
o
n
o
f
o
p
er
an
t r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
c
h
as k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
e
x
p
er
tis
e,
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t b
en
ef
ic
ial
o
u
tco
m
es
f
o
r
o
n
esel
f
an
d
o
th
er
s
.
I
n
a
s
ales
co
n
tex
t,
v
al
u
e
co
-
cr
ea
tio
n
e
m
er
g
es
f
r
o
m
s
al
esp
er
s
o
n
–
cu
s
to
m
er
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
s
th
at
ar
e
en
ab
led
b
y
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
i
n
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
il
ls
.
AS
,
as
a
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
j
u
s
t
s
ales
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
to
cu
s
to
m
er
n
ee
d
s
an
d
s
it
u
atio
n
a
l
cu
es,
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
r
elati
o
n
s
h
ip
q
u
alit
y
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
r
eten
tio
n
,
u
lti
m
atel
y
e
n
h
an
c
in
g
p
er
ce
iv
ed
v
al
u
e
g
en
er
ated
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
elli
n
g
en
co
u
n
ter
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e,
a
s
s
er
ti
v
e,
f
lex
ib
le,
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
s
elli
n
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
r
e
f
lect
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
elli
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
ar
e
clo
s
e
l
y
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
u
tco
m
es.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
t
h
is
th
eo
r
etica
l
lo
g
ic,
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
at
AS
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
P
T
V
,
an
d
th
at
s
u
c
h
v
a
lu
e
tr
an
s
f
er
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
SP
[
1
]
,
[1
5]
–
[
2
0
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
h
y
p
o
t
h
eses
a
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
ted
:
‒
H2
:
AS
h
as a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t o
n
P
T
V
‒
H3
:
PT
V
h
as a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
SP
A
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
e
m
p
ir
ical
i
n
v
e
s
tig
a
tio
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
1
6
-
ite
m
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
ass
es
s
t
h
e
ex
te
n
t
to
w
h
ic
h
s
alesp
eo
p
le
en
g
a
g
e
in
AS
ac
r
o
s
s
cu
s
to
m
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
AS
b
eh
av
io
r
th
eo
r
y
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
liz
es
AS
as
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
to
w
h
ich
s
alesp
eo
p
le
m
o
d
if
y
t
h
eir
s
ales
p
r
ese
n
tati
o
n
s
i
n
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
to
s
itu
a
tio
n
al
c
u
es
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
cu
s
to
m
er
n
ee
d
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
elli
n
g
en
co
u
n
ter
.
T
h
is
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
ap
p
lied
to
ex
p
lain
w
h
y
AS
en
h
a
n
ce
s
SP
in
v
ar
io
u
s
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
ies
an
d
s
elli
n
g
co
n
te
x
ts
.
E
x
te
n
d
in
g
t
h
is
lo
g
ic,
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
t
u
d
y
ar
g
u
es
t
h
at
AS
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
SP
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
b
y
s
tr
en
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
T
V
,
th
er
eb
y
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
P
T
V
as
a
m
ed
iati
n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
t
h
at
tr
an
s
late
s
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
ad
ap
tat
io
n
i
n
to
s
u
p
er
io
r
o
u
tco
m
e
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
3
0
]
–
[
3
2
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
:
‒
H4
:
PT
V
m
ed
iates t
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
AS
o
n
SP
Salesp
er
s
o
n
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
i
s
w
id
el
y
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
a
cr
it
ical
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
th
at
s
h
ap
e
s
cu
s
to
m
er
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
an
d
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
to
s
ale
s
o
u
tco
m
es,
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
l
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
its
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
n
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
er
v
ice
q
u
alit
y
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
P
er
s
o
n
alit
y
-
r
elate
d
attr
ib
u
tes
m
a
y
also
f
ac
i
litate
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
an
d
b
r
an
d
v
alu
e
d
u
r
in
g
s
a
lesp
er
s
o
n
–
cu
s
to
m
er
in
t
e
r
ac
tio
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
lik
el
ih
o
o
d
th
at
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
i
n
ter
n
alize
v
al
u
e
-
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
.
Fro
m
a
b
r
an
d
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
f
it
b
et
w
ee
n
b
r
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
p
la
y
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
i
n
g
a
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
b
r
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
b
r
an
d
lo
v
e
an
d
lo
y
al
t
y
.
E
x
te
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
is
lo
g
i
c
to
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
s
ellin
g
,
co
n
g
r
u
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
a
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
’
s
p
er
s
o
n
a
lit
y
a
n
d
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
o
f
th
e
b
r
an
d
b
ein
g
r
ep
r
esen
ted
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
en
h
an
ce
cu
s
to
m
er
s
’
r
ec
ep
tiv
it
y
to
v
al
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
s
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
ellin
g
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
,
u
lt
i
m
a
tel
y
s
tr
en
g
t
h
e
n
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
t
h
at
SP
C
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es
P
T
V
an
d
d
ir
ec
tly
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
SP
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
ese
s
ar
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
Dri
ve
r
s
o
f sa
lesp
ers
o
n
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
:
va
lu
e
tr
a
n
s
fer,
p
ers
o
n
a
lity c
o
n
g
r
u
en
ce
,
a
n
d
…
(
E
vi
Dia
n
K
a
r
tika
s
a
r
i
)
1157
‒
H5
:
SP
C
h
as a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
PT
V
‒
H6
:
SP
C
h
as a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
SP
A
v
alid
ated
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
ca
l
e
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
alesp
eo
p
le’
s
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
cr
ea
te
a
P
SA
d
u
r
in
g
cu
s
t
o
m
er
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
tex
t,
P
SA
r
e
f
lects
a
s
a
lesp
e
r
s
o
n
’
s
ca
p
ac
it
y
to
p
er
ce
iv
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
’
cu
es,
a
n
ticip
ate
n
ee
d
s
,
an
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
cli
m
ate
in
wa
y
s
t
h
at
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
en
co
u
n
ter
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le,
en
g
ag
in
g
,
a
n
d
tr
u
s
t
-
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
.
S
u
c
h
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
is
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
cu
s
to
m
er
s
’
in
ter
n
aliza
tio
n
o
f
v
alu
e
-
r
elate
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
th
e
r
eb
y
s
tr
e
n
g
th
e
n
i
n
g
P
T
V
.
P
r
io
r
e
m
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
also
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
t
h
at
th
e
ab
ilit
y
t
o
f
o
s
ter
a
P
SA
is
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
SP
o
u
tco
m
es
[
1
1
]
,
[
3
5
]
,
[
3
6
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
h
y
p
o
t
h
ese
s
:
‒
H7
:
P
SA
h
a
s
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
PT
V
‒
H8
:
PS
A
h
a
s
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
SP
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
r
ev
ie
w
ed
lite
r
atu
r
e
an
d
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
s
y
n
th
esi
s
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
r
atio
n
ale
f
o
r
P
T
V
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
as
t
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
ized
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
i
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
P
T
V
as
th
e
co
r
e
m
ed
iati
n
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
li
n
k
in
g
AS
,
SP
C
,
an
d
P
SA
to
SP
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
s
th
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esized
d
ir
ec
t
p
ath
s
(
H1
–
H3
,
H5
–
H8
)
an
d
th
e
m
ed
iatio
n
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
(
H4
)
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
e
v
alu
a
ted
in
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
m
o
d
el.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l
m
o
d
el
b
asic c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
P
T
V
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
q
u
an
ti
tativ
e,
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
a
l
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
f
r
o
n
tlin
e
r
etail
-
b
an
k
in
g
s
alesp
eo
p
le
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
cr
ed
it
o
f
f
er
in
g
s
.
A
ll
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ts
w
er
e
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
u
s
i
n
g
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
L
ik
er
t
-
t
y
p
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
i
n
s
ale
s
a
n
d
s
er
v
ices,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
SP
(
b
eh
a
v
io
r
-
a
n
d
o
u
tco
m
e
-
b
ased
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
)
,
AS
(
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
an
d
s
it
u
atio
n
al
tailo
r
in
g
)
,
SP
C
(
t
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t
b
e
t
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
’
s
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
t
y
le
an
d
th
e
b
r
an
d
’
s
i
n
te
n
d
ed
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
)
,
P
SA
(
th
e
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
af
f
ec
tiv
e
cli
m
ate
o
f
t
h
e
s
elli
n
g
en
co
u
n
t
er
)
,
an
d
PT
V
(
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
w
h
ich
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
i
n
ter
n
alize
t
h
e
v
alu
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
attr
ib
u
te
v
al
u
e
to
th
e
s
al
esp
er
s
o
n
as
a
tr
u
s
ted
a
n
d
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
l
v
er
)
.
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esized
m
o
d
el
w
a
s
esti
m
ated
u
s
in
g
co
v
ar
ia
n
ce
-
b
ased
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
(
SEM
)
w
ith
m
ax
i
m
u
m
li
k
eli
h
o
o
d
esti
m
atio
n
.
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
i
t
y
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
r
eliab
ilit
y
(
C
R
)
w
er
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
(
≥
0
.
5
0
)
,
(
C
R
≥
0
.
7
0
)
,
an
d
av
er
ag
e
v
ar
ian
ce
ex
tr
ac
ted
(
A
VE
≥
0
.
5
0
)
.
Ov
er
all
m
o
d
el
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
w
a
s
ev
alu
a
ted
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
lt
ip
le
f
it
in
d
ices,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
f
it
in
d
e
x
(
C
FI
)
an
d
T
u
ck
er
-
L
e
w
i
s
’
s
in
d
e
x
(
T
L
I
)
,
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
i
n
d
ex
(
GFI
)
,
ad
j
u
s
ted
g
o
o
d
n
ess
-
of
-
f
it
in
d
ex
(
A
GFI
)
,
an
d
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tio
n
(
R
M
SE
A
)
.
Me
d
iatio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
w
er
e
te
s
ted
u
s
i
n
g
b
ias
-
co
r
r
ec
ted
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
i
n
g
.
I
n
d
ir
ec
t
e
f
f
ec
ts
w
er
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
wh
en
t
h
e
9
5
% c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
i
n
ter
v
al
d
id
n
o
t in
cl
u
d
e
ze
r
o
.
2
.
1
.
Sa
m
p
le
a
nd
da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
e
s
a
q
u
an
titati
v
e,
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
esi
g
n
tar
g
eti
n
g
f
r
o
n
tli
n
e
s
ale
s
p
e
o
p
le
in
th
e
r
etail
b
an
k
i
n
g
s
ec
to
r
,
s
p
ec
if
ic
all
y
t
h
o
s
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
er
cr
ed
it
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
h
e
u
n
it
o
f
an
al
y
s
is
i
s
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
.
A
s
i
m
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
2
6
2
u
s
ab
le
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
es
f
r
o
m
ac
tiv
e
r
etail
b
an
k
i
n
g
s
alesp
eo
p
le
w
h
o
en
g
ag
e
d
ail
y
in
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tin
g
,
co
n
s
u
ltati
v
e
s
elli
n
g
,
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
w
it
h
cu
s
to
m
er
s
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
i
n
clu
d
e
ten
u
r
e
in
t
h
e
r
o
le,
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
o
n
e
p
r
im
ar
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2026
:
1
1
5
5
-
1165
1158
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
co
n
s
u
m
er
l
en
d
in
g
)
,
an
d
d
a
y
-
to
-
d
a
y
in
ter
ac
tio
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
it
h
cu
s
to
m
e
r
s
s
ee
k
in
g
f
i
n
a
n
cial
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
f
ile
r
ef
lect
s
a
h
ig
h
-
co
n
tact
s
ale
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
in
w
h
ic
h
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
c
r
ed
ib
ili
t
y
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ex
p
er
tis
e,
an
d
tr
u
s
t
-
b
u
ild
i
n
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
s
al
es o
u
tco
m
e
s
.
2
.
2
.
M
ea
s
ures
A
ll
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
w
er
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
estab
li
s
h
ed
a
n
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
v
alid
ated
m
u
lt
i
-
i
te
m
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
les
(
1
=
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
is
ag
r
ee
to
5
=
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
ee
)
.
SP
ca
p
tu
r
es
b
o
th
o
u
tco
m
e
-
b
ased
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
(
e.
g
.
,
s
ales
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
n
d
g
o
al
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t)
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
-
b
ased
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
(
e.
g
.
,
s
er
v
ice
q
u
alit
y
,
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
d
is
cip
lin
e,
a
n
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
m
ain
te
n
an
ce
)
.
AS
ass
e
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
’
s
ab
il
it
y
to
tailo
r
m
es
s
ag
e
s
,
ta
ctic
s
,
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
t
y
le
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
an
d
s
it
u
ati
o
n
s
,
r
ef
lecti
n
g
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
i
v
en
e
s
s
,
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
t
ic
s
elli
n
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
S
P
C
m
ea
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
al
ig
n
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
ale
s
p
er
s
o
n
’
s
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
t
y
le
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
b
r
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
ali
t
y
(
e.
g
.
,
s
in
ce
r
it
y
,
co
m
p
eten
ce
,
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
asp
ir
atio
n
al
to
n
e)
.
Hig
h
co
n
g
r
u
e
n
ce
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
‘
e
m
b
o
d
ies
’
t
h
e
b
r
an
d
r
ath
er
t
h
an
m
er
el
y
d
escr
ib
in
g
it.
PSA
r
ef
lect
s
th
e
af
f
ec
ti
v
e
to
n
e
an
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
cli
m
ate
o
f
t
h
e
s
ales
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
w
ar
m
th
,
r
esp
ec
tf
u
l
atten
t
io
n
,
n
o
n
v
er
b
al
i
m
m
ed
iac
y
,
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
f
r
a
m
i
n
g
t
h
at
r
ed
u
ce
s
cu
s
to
m
er
an
x
iet
y
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
af
et
y
in
d
is
cu
s
s
i
n
g
f
i
n
an
c
ial
n
ee
d
s
.
PT
V
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
ter
n
alize
d
v
al
u
e
th
at
cu
s
to
m
er
s
attr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
.
I
t
is
ca
p
tu
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
)
th
e
s
ale
s
p
er
s
o
n
’
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
o
cial
r
ep
u
tatio
n
an
d
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
,
ii
)
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
eq
u
i
t
y
(
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
tr
u
s
t
in
a
n
d
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
th
at
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
as
a
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t)
,
an
d
iii
)
v
al
u
e
-
b
ased
s
elli
n
g
b
eh
av
io
r
,
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
s
ale
s
p
er
s
o
n
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
ar
ticu
late
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
i
n
a
w
a
y
t
h
at
r
eso
n
ates
w
it
h
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
’
s
p
r
io
r
ities
r
ath
er
th
an
s
i
m
p
l
y
li
s
tin
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
d
ata
an
al
y
s
i
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
is
SEM
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
r
e
s
e
ar
ch
is
to
test
th
e
t
h
eo
r
y
;
t
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
is
co
v
ar
ian
ce
-
b
ased
SE
M,
n
a
m
el
y
t
h
e
SEM
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
in
g
an
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
m
o
m
e
n
t
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
(
A
MO
S
)
.
SEM
i
s
an
an
al
y
tical
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
el
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
an
d
m
o
d
el
esti
m
atio
n
i
n
li
n
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t p
r
o
f
iles
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s'
p
r
o
f
ile
(
n
=
262)
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
s
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
l
e
3
4
.
3
5
F
e
mal
e
6
5
.
6
5
A
g
e
<
3
0
y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
7
.
9
0
30
-
4
0
y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
7
1
.
5
0
40
-
5
0
y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
1
3
.
1
6
>
5
0
y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
7
.
8
9
T
e
n
u
r
e
<
5
y
e
a
r
s
2
.
6
3
5
-
1
0
y
e
a
r
s
4
6
.
0
0
1
0
-
1
5
y
e
a
r
s
2
7
.
6
3
1
5
-
2
0
y
e
a
r
s
1
3
.
2
0
>
2
0
y
e
a
r
s
1
0
.
5
4
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
3
-
y
e
a
r
d
i
p
l
o
ma
1
1
.
8
4
B
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
7
3
.
6
8
P
o
st
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
1
4
.
4
8
P
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
w
a
s
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
.
B
ef
o
r
e
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
,
ea
ch
s
ale
s
p
er
s
o
n
r
ec
eiv
ed
an
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
th
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ask
ed
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
e
n
t.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
a
l
id
en
titi
e
s
,
b
r
an
ch
i
d
en
tifie
r
s
,
an
d
an
y
p
er
s
o
n
a
ll
y
id
en
tify
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
er
e
n
o
t
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
th
e
an
a
l
y
tical
d
ataset
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
;
r
esp
o
n
s
es
w
er
e
an
al
y
z
ed
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
f
o
r
m
o
n
l
y
.
A
ll
d
ata
w
er
e
s
to
r
ed
s
ec
u
r
el
y
f
o
r
ac
ad
e
m
ic
r
esear
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
an
d
w
er
e
n
o
t
s
h
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
er
i
n
a
f
o
r
m
th
at
w
o
u
ld
allo
w
attr
ib
u
tio
n
to
an
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
af
e
g
u
ar
d
s
an
o
n
y
m
i
t
y
,
r
ed
u
ce
s
ev
alu
a
tiv
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
n
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
,
an
d
a
lig
n
s
w
it
h
et
h
ical
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
f
o
r
h
an
d
li
n
g
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
d
ata.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Descr
iptio
n a
na
ly
s
is
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
an
s
w
er
s
to
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
AS
,
SP
C
,
P
SA
,
P
T
V,
an
d
SP
w
er
e
ca
lcu
lated
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
SP
SS
s
tatis
tical
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ac
k
ag
e.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
tab
u
lat
io
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
w
as
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
s
ee
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
n
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le
an
d
ex
p
lain
th
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
in
d
icato
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
a
n
s
w
er
s
to
t
h
e
9
AS
i
n
d
icato
r
s
h
ad
an
a
v
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
8
0
.
8
3
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
th
at,
i
n
g
en
er
al,
th
e
lev
el
o
f
AS
in
P
T
B
an
k
B
NI
(
P
er
s
er
o
)
T
b
k
s
alesp
eo
p
le
is
q
u
ite
g
o
o
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8814
Dri
ve
r
s
o
f sa
lesp
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o
n
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
:
va
lu
e
tr
a
n
s
fer,
p
ers
o
n
a
lity c
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r
u
en
ce
,
a
n
d
…
(
E
vi
Dia
n
K
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r
tika
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r
i
)
1159
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
esp
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d
en
t
s
'
an
s
w
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to
th
e
1
5
SP
C
in
d
i
ca
to
r
s
h
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8
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3
5
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T
h
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s
h
o
w
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h
at
SP
C
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as
b
ee
n
r
elativ
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f
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illed
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T
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tab
ilit
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m
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d
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t
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o
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p
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co
r
d
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c
e
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it
h
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e
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h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
r
an
d
it
o
f
f
er
s
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s
u
c
h
as
s
i
n
ce
r
it
y
,
s
tat
u
s
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co
m
p
eten
ce
,
f
u
n
,
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r
o
f
es
s
io
n
alis
m
,
s
o
p
h
is
tica
tio
n
,
a
n
d
attr
ac
ti
v
en
e
s
s
,
cr
ea
tes
lo
v
e
f
o
r
th
e
b
r
an
d
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
t
h
e
s
o
cial
r
ep
u
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
an
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
it
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
7
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
is
is
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
w
i
th
s
o
cio
-
a
n
al
y
t
ic
t
h
eo
r
y
t
h
at
h
u
m
a
n
s
li
k
e
to
li
v
e
in
ter
ac
ti
n
g
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
cu
lt
u
r
al
v
al
u
es
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
e
f
o
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
th
e
s
ig
n
al
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
o
as to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
ex
is
te
n
ce
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
ev
en
i
n
d
icato
r
s
o
f
th
e
P
S
A
v
ar
iab
le
h
ad
an
a
v
er
ag
e
s
c
o
r
e
o
f
7
9
.
9
9
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
r
esp
o
n
s
es
s
h
o
w
th
at
cr
ea
ti
n
g
a
P
SA
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[
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[
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0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
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8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2026
:
1
1
5
5
-
1165
1160
T
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th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
A
S,
th
e
b
etter
th
e
SP
;
ii
)
th
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
in
f
l
u
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
AS
an
d
PT
V.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
a
t
i
f
A
S
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
en
PT
V
also
in
cr
ea
s
es
;
iii
)
th
e
r
e
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
PT
V
an
d
SP
o
f
1
.
1
3
w
ith
a
t
-
v
al
u
e
o
f
5
.
5
7
.
Statis
t
icall
y
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
in
f
l
u
en
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
t
-
v
alu
e
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
th
e
t
-
ta
b
le
v
alu
e
(
1
.
9
6
)
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
P
T
V
co
n
d
u
cted
,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
SP
;
iv
)
th
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
A
S
an
d
PT
V,
as
w
ell
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
PT
V
o
n
SP
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
e
PT
V
v
ar
iab
le
is
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
as
a
m
ed
iati
n
g
v
ar
iab
le
b
et
w
ee
n
A
S
a
n
d
SP
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
A
S,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
P
T
V
ab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
e
P
T
V
ab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
SP
;
v
)
th
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
SP
C
o
n
P
T
V.
Statis
ticall
y
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
SP
C
o
n
P
T
V
b
e
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
t
-
v
al
u
e
is
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
th
e
t
-
tab
le
v
al
u
e
(
1
.
9
6
)
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
SP
C
,
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
th
e
P
T
V
;
vi
)
th
er
e
is
a
n
eg
ati
v
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
SP
C
o
n
SP
o
f
0
.
0
1
w
it
h
a
t
-
v
alu
e
o
f
-
0
.
0
8
an
d
ca
n
b
e
s
tatis
ticall
y
d
ec
lar
ed
in
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
t
-
v
al
u
e
is
s
m
al
ler
th
an
th
e
t
-
tab
le
v
alu
e
(
1
.
9
6
)
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
SP
C
o
n
SP
;
v
ii
)
t
h
er
e
is
a
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
P
SA
o
n
P
T
V
o
f
0
.
7
3
w
i
th
a
t
-
v
alu
e
o
f
8
.
6
5
.
Statis
ticall
y
,
i
t
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
th
at
P
S
A
h
a
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
PT
V
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
t
-
v
al
u
e
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
t
-
tab
le
v
al
u
e
(
1
.
9
6
)
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
P
SA
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
,
t
h
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
th
e
P
T
V
;
an
d
v
iii
)
th
er
e
is
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
P
S
A
o
n
SP
o
f
-
0
.
6
3
w
i
th
a
t
-
v
alu
e
o
f
4
.
2
2
,
an
d
s
tatis
tica
ll
y
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
P
SA
o
n
SP
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
t
-
v
al
u
e
ex
ce
ed
s
1
.
9
6
(
|
t
|
=
4
.
2
2
)
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
s
tati
s
tical
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
w
it
h
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
a
t th
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
P
SA
,
t
h
e
lo
w
er
th
e
SP
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
p
ath
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
ized
co
ef
f
icien
ts
an
d
th
eir
as
s
o
ciate
d
t
-
v
al
u
es.
AS
,
SP
C
,
an
d
P
SA
ea
ch
s
h
o
w
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
at
h
s
t
o
w
ar
d
PT
V,
an
d
PT
V
in
tu
r
n
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
ath
to
w
ar
d
SP
.
A
l
s
o
r
ep
o
r
t
th
at
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
p
ath
f
r
o
m
SP
C
to
SP
is
s
tat
is
tical
l
y
wea
k
,
s
u
g
g
est
in
g
t
h
a
t
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
m
p
ac
t
i
s
p
r
im
ar
il
y
c
h
a
n
n
eled
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
P
T
V
r
ath
er
th
a
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
o
n
e
v
ar
iab
le
o
n
an
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
d
ash
ed
lin
e
i
n
d
icate
s
th
a
t
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
e
f
f
ec
t
.
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
d
ir
ec
t e
f
f
ec
t o
cc
u
r
s
in
P
S
A
o
n
PT
V
an
d
SP
C
o
n
SP
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Stru
ct
u
r
al
m
o
d
el
o
f
l
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t v
ar
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le
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1161
T
h
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r
elatio
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s
h
ip
b
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AS,
SP
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T
h
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tu
d
y
e
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te
n
d
s
th
e
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
is
o
f
t
w
o
th
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r
ies
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n
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er
l
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g
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V
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T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
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th
e
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er
v
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-
d
o
m
i
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ta
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t r
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o
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tio
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p
lied
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y
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h
e
s
a
les
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o
r
ce
[
4
2
]
,
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
t
h
eo
r
y
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s
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ec
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elate
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in
f
l
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en
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e
o
f
th
e
to
p
f
iv
e
b
r
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alities
o
n
s
ale
s
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
ar
k
e
tin
g
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
h
i
f
t
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ar
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ar
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a
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p
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m
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r
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v
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ce
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ta
tes
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3
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t
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[
4
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]
.
V
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[
4
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.
B
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i
v
e
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
i
s
p
r
o
v
e
n
to
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
P
T
V
a
b
i
li
t
y
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
t
at
e
m
e
n
t
t
h
a
t
S
P
C
h
a
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
i
m
p
a
ct
o
n
b
r
an
d
a
f
f
ec
t
a
m
o
n
g
cu
s
to
m
e
r
s
[
4
6
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
d
a
ta
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
it
is
ev
id
e
n
t
t
h
at
SP
C
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
SP
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
les
s
h
o
w
s
in
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
i
es
in
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
s
ev
er
al
ex
p
er
ts
[
3
3
]
,
[
4
7
]
–
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
e
b
ig
f
iv
e
t
r
aits
th
at
m
a
k
e
u
p
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
d
if
f
er
e
n
tl
y
i
n
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
o
v
er
ti
m
e.
I
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
SP
C
h
a
s
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
SP
w
h
e
n
m
ed
iated
b
y
P
T
V
as d
escr
ib
ed
ab
o
v
e.
T
h
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
SP
C
v
ar
iab
le
ar
e
s
in
ce
r
e,
e
x
citin
g
,
co
m
p
ete
n
t,
s
o
p
h
i
s
tic
ated
,
an
d
r
u
g
g
ed
[
4
8
]
,
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
ale
s
p
er
s
o
n
as
s
o
ci
ated
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
r
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
y
et
r
ef
lect
P
T
B
an
k
B
NI
(
P
er
s
er
o
)
T
b
k
co
n
s
u
m
er
cr
ed
it
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
C
o
n
s
u
m
er
cr
ed
it
p
r
o
d
u
cts
ar
e
b
eliev
ed
to
h
av
e
p
er
s
o
n
alitie
s
th
at
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
eq
u
ated
w
it
h
h
u
m
a
n
p
er
s
o
n
alitie
s
as
d
e
s
c
r
ib
ed
ab
o
v
e.
T
h
e
i
m
a
g
es
o
f
s
in
ce
r
it
y
,
p
leasa
n
t,
co
m
p
ete
n
t,
s
o
p
h
is
t
icate
d
,
an
d
r
u
d
e
ar
e
m
o
r
e
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
ith
tan
g
ib
le
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
w
h
ile
co
n
s
u
m
er
cr
ed
it
p
r
o
d
u
cts ar
e
in
tan
g
ib
le.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
w
i
n
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
cies
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
r
es
u
lts
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
e
x
p
er
ts
w
h
o
s
tate
t
h
at
P
S
A
h
as
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
SP
[
1
1
]
,
[
3
5
]
,
[
3
6
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ales
s
it
u
atio
n
is
v
ar
ied
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
s
u
c
h
as
W
h
ats
A
p
p
,
I
n
s
ta
g
r
a
m
,
T
ik
T
o
k
,
Face
b
o
o
k
,
X
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
i
m
ilar
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
tr
en
d
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
es
p
ec
iall
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
[
5
1
]
–
[
5
3
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
tin
u
es
in
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
n
e
w
n
o
r
m
al
er
a,
w
h
er
e
co
m
p
an
ies
h
a
v
e
s
tar
ted
u
s
i
n
g
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
as
a
s
tr
at
eg
y
to
r
ea
ch
m
o
r
e
an
d
w
id
e
r
m
ar
k
ets
[
5
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
ales
s
it
u
atio
n
i
s
g
r
ad
u
all
y
s
h
i
f
ti
n
g
to
w
ar
d
s
d
i
g
ital
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
as
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
d
eli
v
er
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
cts
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
Hi
g
h
P
S
A
re
d
u
ce
s
SP
d
u
e
to
ch
an
g
e
s
in
co
n
s
u
m
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
tr
en
d
s
th
at
ac
ce
s
s
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
d
i
g
ital
ap
p
licatio
n
s
m
a
k
es
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
s
h
if
t
to
o
n
lin
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
,
it
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
en
th
a
t
A
S
h
as
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
SP
.
T
h
is
is
in
lin
e
w
it
h
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
ex
p
er
ts
[
5
5
]
–
[
5
8
]
.
3
.
3
.
I
nte
rv
ening
ef
f
ec
t
a
na
ly
s
is
re
s
ults
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
SEM
m
o
d
el
an
al
y
s
is
o
b
tain
ed
est
i
m
a
tio
n
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
te
s
t
r
es
u
lt
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
A
S
o
n
SP
th
r
o
u
g
h
P
T
V.
T
h
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
P
S
A
o
n
SP
is
-
0
.
6
3
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t.
T
h
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
P
S
A
o
n
SP
th
r
o
u
g
h
P
T
V
is
0
.
8
3
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t.
So
t
h
at
PT
V
is
a
g
o
o
d
i
n
ter
v
e
n
i
n
g
v
ar
iab
le
f
o
r
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
P
S
A
an
d
SP
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
p
ath
esti
m
ate
s
in
d
icate
th
at
AS
,
SP
C
,
an
d
P
S
A
all
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
tl
y
p
r
ed
ict
PTV,
an
d
th
at
PT
V
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
p
r
ed
icts
SP
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tical
ter
m
s
,
t
h
i
s
m
ea
n
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
g
ai
n
s
ar
e
r
ea
lized
w
h
en
cu
s
to
m
er
s
i
n
ter
n
a
lize,
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
b
eliev
e
i
n
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e
ar
ticu
lated
b
y
th
e
s
a
lesp
er
s
o
n
—
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
e
f
r
a
m
e
as
v
alu
e
tr
an
s
f
er
.
Dir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
s
f
r
o
m
ce
r
tain
an
tece
d
en
t
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ar
e
w
ea
k
er
o
r
ev
en
n
o
n
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t,
i
m
p
l
y
in
g
t
h
at
w
h
at
m
atter
s
i
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
‘
w
h
a
t
th
e
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
d
o
es
’
,
b
u
t ‘
h
o
w
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
ab
s
o
r
b
s
it’
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8814
I
n
t J
A
d
v
A
p
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2026
:
1
1
5
5
-
1165
1162
Fo
r
m
a
n
ag
er
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icat
i
o
n
an
d
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
,
th
e
s
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
ca
n
b
e
v
is
u
a
lized
in
a
p
ath
d
iag
r
a
m
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
P
T
V
as
th
e
co
r
e
n
o
d
e,
w
i
th
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
lab
el
ed
o
n
ea
ch
ar
r
o
w
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
lo
ttin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
co
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
b
r
an
ch
es,
o
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m
p
ar
i
n
g
av
er
ag
e
P
T
V
s
co
r
es
b
y
s
alesp
er
s
o
n
te
n
u
r
e
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
o
cu
s
,
ca
n
r
ev
ea
l
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
g
u
id
e
tar
g
ete
d
co
ac
h
in
g
.
Fu
t
u
r
e
m
u
lti
-
g
r
o
u
p
SE
M
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
licitl
y
te
s
t
w
h
et
h
er
th
ese
p
ath
s
v
ar
y
ac
r
o
s
s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
cu
s
to
m
e
r
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
eg
m
e
n
ts
,
o
r
b
r
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
ar
ch
et
y
p
es
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e
.
g
.
,
“
tr
u
s
ted
ad
v
is
o
r
”
v
s
.
“
as
p
ir
atio
n
al
ex
p
er
t”)
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
o
th
er
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
h
o
w
P
T
V
m
ed
iates
th
e
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
AS
an
d
SP
,
th
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
s
ev
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
t
h
a
t
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
t
h
at
AS
s
i
g
n
if
ic
an
tl
y
p
r
ed
icts
s
ale
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
1
]
a
n
d
v
al
u
e
-
r
elate
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
m
ed
iate
th
i
s
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
b
r
o
ad
er
p
r
in
cip
le
th
at
h
o
w
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
v
alu
e
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ali
g
n
s
with
r
esear
ch
o
n
v
al
u
e
co
-
cr
ea
tio
n
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
[
4
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
P
T
V
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
a
k
e
y
m
ed
iati
n
g
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
li
n
k
i
n
g
AS
,
SP
C
,
an
d
P
SA
to
SP
.
AS
h
as
b
o
th
a
d
ir
ec
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
P
T
V.
S
P
C
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
h
ib
it
a
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I
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8814
Dri
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1163
DATA AV
AI
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AB
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T
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w
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
C
.
Y
e
o
,
C
.
H
u
r
,
a
n
d
S
.
J
i
,
“
T
h
e
c
u
st
o
me
r
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
sal
e
sp
e
r
so
n
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
i
n
K
o
r
e
a
n
mark
e
t
c
a
s
e
:
a
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
c
u
s
t
o
me
r
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
se
l
l
i
n
g
,
”
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
su
1
1
2
1
6
1
1
5
.
[
2
]
R
.
M
u
l
l
i
n
s
,
R
.
A
g
n
i
h
o
t
r
i
,
a
n
d
Z
.
H
a
l
l
,
“
T
h
e
a
mb
i
d
e
x
t
r
o
u
s
sal
e
s
f
o
r
c
e
:
a
l
i
g
n
i
n
g
sa
l
e
sp
e
r
so
n
p
o
l
y
c
h
r
o
n
i
c
i
t
y
a
n
d
se
l
l
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
s
f
o
r
sal
e
s
-
serv
i
c
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
a
n
d
c
u
st
o
me
r
v
a
l
u
e
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
3
–
5
2
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
1
0
9
4
6
7
0
5
1
9
8
8
3
3
4
4
.
[
3
]
O
.
S
.
I
t
a
n
i
,
L
.
C
h
o
n
k
o
,
a
n
d
R
.
A
g
n
i
h
o
t
r
i
,
“
S
a
l
e
sp
e
r
so
n
mo
r
a
l
i
d
e
n
t
i
t
y
a
n
d
v
a
l
u
e
c
o
-
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
E
u
r
o
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ma
r
k
e
t
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
0
0
–
5
3
1
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/
EJ
M
-
06
-
2
0
2
0
-
0
4
3
1
.
[
4
]
H
.
A
l
n
a
k
h
l
i
,
A
.
E.
I
n
y
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
O
.
S
.
I
t
a
n
i
,
“
T
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
sal
e
sp
e
o
p
l
e
i
n
v
a
l
u
e
c
o
-
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
t
s
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
s
a
l
e
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bu
s
i
n
e
ss
-
to
-
B
u
si
n
e
ss
M
a
rk
e
t
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
4
7
–
3
6
7
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
0
5
1
7
1
2
X
.
2
0
2
1
.
2
0
1
2
0
7
9
.
[
5
]
G
.
A
.
C
h
u
r
c
h
i
l
l
,
N
.
M
.
F
o
r
d
,
S
.
W
.
H
a
r
t
l
e
y
,
a
n
d
O
.
C
.
W
a
l
k
e
r
,
“
T
h
e
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
a
n
t
s
o
f
sal
e
sp
e
r
so
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
:
a
me
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
si
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
rke
t
i
n
g
R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
3
–
1
1
8
,
M
a
y
1
9
8
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
0
0
2
2
2
4
3
7
8
5
0
2
2
0
0
2
0
1
.
[
6
]
S
.
R
o
m
á
n
,
S
.
R
u
i
z
,
a
n
d
J
.
L
.
M
u
n
u
e
r
a
,
“
T
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
t
i
o
n
sy
st
e
m
a
n
d
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
o
n
a
sal
e
sp
e
r
so
n
’
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
i
st
e
n
i
n
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ma
r
k
e
t
i
n
g
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
–
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
–
2
3
0
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
6
2
/
0
2
6
7
2
5
7
0
5
3
1
6
6
7
7
6
.
[
7
]
M
.
L
.
M
a
l
l
i
n
,
B
.
S
.
G
a
mm
o
h
,
E
.
B
.
P
u
l
l
i
n
s,
a
n
d
C
.
M
.
Jo
h
n
so
n
,
“
A
n
e
w
p
e
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
f
sal
e
sp
e
r
so
n
mo
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
a
l
e
sf
o
r
c
e
o
u
t
c
o
me
s:
t
h
e
me
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
l
e
o
f
sal
e
sp
e
r
so
n
-
b
r
a
n
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
a
rke
t
i
n
g
T
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
Pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8814
I
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Vo
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1
5
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3
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Sep
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2026
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1
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1165
1164
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[
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[
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[
3
9
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[
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3
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4
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[
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5
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[
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[
4
8
]
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[
4
9
]
B
.
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