I
nte
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t
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l J
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l o
f
Adv
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nces in Applie
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s
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I
J
AAS)
Vo
l.
1
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.
3
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Sep
tem
b
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20
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p
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8
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A,
Ken
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Su
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5
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I
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p
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C
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)
b
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with
an
in
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en
t
in
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city
o
f
W
u
h
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Hu
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ei
Pro
v
in
ce
,
C
h
in
a,
in
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
1
9
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
h
as
led
to
p
o
licies
s
u
ch
as
clo
s
in
g
p
u
b
lic
p
lace
s
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in
clu
d
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s
h
o
p
p
in
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n
te
r
s
,
cin
em
as,
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estau
r
an
ts
,
an
d
h
o
tels
;
lim
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g
ac
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ts
id
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m
e;
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d
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cin
g
o
r
s
u
s
p
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d
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p
u
b
lic
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tati
o
n
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
u
s
es,
tr
ain
s
,
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
p
lan
es
[
2
]
.
T
h
is
v
ir
u
s
s
p
r
ea
d
wo
r
ld
wid
e,
in
clu
d
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I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
p
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b
lic
is
ask
ed
to
u
s
e
p
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r
s
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al
p
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ip
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e
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(
PP
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)
,
s
u
ch
as
m
ed
ical
m
ask
s
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non
-
m
e
d
ical
m
ask
s
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f
ac
e
s
h
ie
ld
s
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d
g
lo
v
es,
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
th
e
v
ir
u
s
[
3
]
.
Aca
d
em
ic
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
w
th
at
wea
r
in
g
a
m
ask
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ce
s
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
in
f
ec
tio
n
an
d
d
ea
th
[
4
]
.
W
h
ile
wea
r
in
g
a
m
ask
h
e
lp
s
s
to
p
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
th
e
v
ir
u
s
,
it
also
h
as
n
eg
ati
v
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
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,
esp
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ially
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
m
icr
o
p
last
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p
o
llu
tio
n
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
p
r
ec
e
d
en
ted
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
m
a
s
k
u
s
e
p
o
s
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s
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io
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s
th
r
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t
to
lan
d
an
d
m
ar
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n
e
ec
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s
y
s
tem
s
[
6
]
.
R
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clin
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s
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m
ask
s
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a
p
r
ev
en
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e
m
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e
to
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ed
u
ce
e
n
v
ir
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n
m
en
tal
p
o
llu
tio
n
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
p
r
ec
e
d
en
ted
th
r
ea
t
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
ask
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
c
o
n
ce
r
t
ed
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
ad
d
r
ess
it.
Mo
s
t
m
ask
s
ar
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p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
u
s
in
g
p
o
l
y
p
r
o
p
y
len
e
(
PP
)
an
d
its
d
er
iv
ativ
es
[
6
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
P
P
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
y
cled
d
u
e
to
its
lo
w
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is
co
s
ity
,
wh
ich
m
ak
es
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ea
s
ier
[
8
]
,
f
u
r
th
er
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
n
ee
d
e
d
to
ad
d
r
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en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
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n
cr
ea
s
ed
m
ask
u
s
e.
M
o
s
t
m
ask
s
ar
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ed
u
s
in
g
PP
m
ater
ial
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
m
ater
ial
is
a
n
o
n
-
d
eg
r
a
d
ab
le
p
o
ly
m
er
m
ate
r
ial
an
d
is
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if
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icu
lt
to
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I
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8
8
1
4
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f te
n
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
t
h
a
n
d
mo
d
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ticity
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o
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ma
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(
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d
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Wid
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s
tu
ti
)
895
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
e
in
n
atu
r
e
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
ask
g
en
er
ally
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
3
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
e
n
er
al
p
ar
ts
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
m
ask
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t m
a
d
e
f
r
o
m
PP
ar
e
th
e
p
o
ly
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(
PE)
a
n
d
s
p
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x
s
tr
ap
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d
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alv
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ap
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b
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to
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y
c
lin
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m
ask
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p
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[
1
1
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.
Po
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er
b
len
d
s
ar
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m
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f
two
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m
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b
in
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to
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ater
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with
d
if
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t
p
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s
ical
p
r
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p
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ties
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
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v
an
t
ag
es
o
f
m
ix
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g
p
o
ly
m
e
r
s
in
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e
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m
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t
o
f
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p
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ties
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p
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,
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e
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o
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ater
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o
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p
r
o
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r
ties
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in
cr
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ater
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ab
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th
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m
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g
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d
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o
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o
in
g
b
ey
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n
d
th
e
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
s
tag
e
[
1
3
]
.
E
n
g
in
ee
r
ed
p
o
ly
m
er
an
d
p
last
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len
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m
o
tiv
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
.
Po
ly
m
er
b
len
d
in
g
im
p
r
o
v
es
f
u
el
ec
o
n
o
m
y
i
n
ca
r
s
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
v
eh
icle
weig
h
t,
a
b
en
ef
it a
c
h
iev
ab
le
o
n
ly
w
ith
p
last
ic,
n
o
t m
etal
[
1
4
]
.
Var
io
u
s
b
io
co
m
p
atib
le
p
o
ly
m
er
b
len
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
ep
ar
ed
a
n
d
u
s
ed
in
b
io
m
ed
i
ca
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
B
io
-
b
ased
p
o
ly
m
er
b
len
d
s
ar
e
alwa
y
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
[
1
5
]
.
Miscib
ilit
y
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
in
p
o
ly
m
er
b
len
d
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
m
m
is
cib
le
p
o
ly
m
er
s
ar
e
p
r
o
n
e
to
p
h
ase
s
ep
ar
atio
n
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
e
m
ix
tu
r
e'
s
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
r
e
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
th
at
p
o
ly
m
er
m
ix
tu
r
es
ar
e
v
ir
t
u
ally
im
m
is
cib
le,
b
u
t
th
e
y
ca
n
b
e
p
ar
tially
m
is
cib
le
wh
en
ad
m
i
x
tu
r
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
C
o
m
p
atib
iliz
er
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
d
u
r
in
g
m
ix
in
g
to
ad
ju
s
t
in
ter
f
ac
ial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
in
te
r
f
ac
i
al
ten
s
io
n
,
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
[
1
6
]
.
Giv
en
th
e
d
is
tin
ct
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ea
ch
p
o
ly
m
er
,
it c
an
n
o
t
b
e
r
u
led
o
u
t
th
at
m
ask
s
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
b
ase
f
o
r
o
th
er
p
o
ly
m
er
s
,
allo
win
g
th
em
to
b
e
co
m
b
in
ed
in
t
o
a
p
o
ly
m
er
b
len
d
[
1
7
]
.
A
h
ig
h
-
p
o
l
y
m
er
b
len
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
r
o
m
m
ask
waste
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
b
y
a
d
d
in
g
o
th
e
r
p
o
ly
m
e
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
PP
,
p
o
ly
eth
y
len
e
ter
e
p
h
th
alate
(
PET
)
,
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
d
e
n
s
ity
p
o
l
y
et
h
y
len
e
(
HDPE
)
.
HDPE
h
as
lo
w
-
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
r
esis
tan
ce
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
PP
h
as
lo
w
-
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
c
o
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
r
m
eltin
g
p
o
in
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
PP
an
d
HDPE
p
r
ev
en
ts
th
e
p
o
ly
m
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
f
u
lly
m
ix
in
g
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
p
o
o
r
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
p
o
l
y
m
er
m
i
x
tu
r
e
[
1
8
]
.
R
ec
y
cli
n
g
p
r
o
c
ess
es
,
su
c
h
a
s
e
x
t
r
u
s
i
o
n
m
o
l
d
i
n
g
,
i
n
j
ec
ti
o
n
m
o
l
d
i
n
g
,
c
o
m
p
r
ess
i
o
n
m
o
l
d
i
n
g
,
s
t
ir
ca
s
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
th
e
h
o
t
-
p
r
ess
m
eth
o
d
,
w
it
h
i
n
j
ec
ti
o
n
m
o
l
d
i
n
g
p
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
f
o
r
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
T
h
is
is
b
e
ca
u
s
e
i
n
je
cti
o
n
m
o
l
d
i
n
g
is
an
e
f
f
ici
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
m
ass
-
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
c
o
m
p
l
ex
g
eo
m
e
tr
ies
w
it
h
co
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
q
u
alit
y
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
je
ct
io
n
m
o
l
d
i
n
g
is
a
p
r
o
c
ess
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
y
in
jec
tin
g
li
q
u
i
d
p
last
ic
m
at
er
ial
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
je
cti
o
n
m
o
l
d
i
n
g
is
wel
l
-
s
u
it
e
d
t
o
th
e
m
ass
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
g
eo
m
etr
ies
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
co
n
s
is
t
e
n
t
q
u
al
it
y
[
1
9
]
.
H
o
we
v
er
,
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
i
n
j
ec
ti
o
n
m
o
ld
in
g
m
a
k
es i
t
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
lt
t
o
a
ch
i
e
v
e
th
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
q
u
ali
ty
o
f
g
o
o
d
s
[
21]
.
P
o
l
y
m
e
r
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
b
y
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
tw
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
p
o
l
y
m
er
s
,
c
an
m
ee
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
ts
i
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
a
p
p
l
icat
io
n
s
t
h
at
h
o
m
o
p
o
l
y
m
e
r
s
ca
n
n
o
t
[
2
2
]
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
m
ec
h
a
n
i
ca
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
i
x
ed
p
o
l
y
m
er
s
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
p
u
r
s
u
e
d
a
n
d
s
t
ill
r
e
q
u
ir
es
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
[
2
3
]
.
F
ir
s
t
,
m
as
k
waste
m
u
s
t
b
e
cl
e
a
n
e
d
wi
th
a
d
is
i
n
f
e
cta
n
t
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
7
0
-
9
0
%
c
h
l
o
r
i
n
e
-
b
as
ed
alc
o
h
o
l
b
e
f
o
r
e
b
ei
n
g
p
r
o
c
ess
e
d
f
o
r
r
ec
y
c
li
n
g
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
is
th
e
n
all
o
w
e
d
t
o
d
r
y
f
o
r
1
h
o
u
r
at
8
0
°
C
[
7
]
.
P
o
l
y
m
er
b
le
n
d
o
r
p
o
l
y
m
er
m
i
x
i
n
g
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
m
ix
in
g
m
ate
r
i
als
c
o
n
s
is
t
in
g
o
f
tw
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
o
l
y
m
e
r
s
,
w
h
i
ch
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t i
n
l
iq
u
i
d
o
r
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
m
ix
in
g
p
o
l
y
m
er
s
is
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
n
ew
p
o
l
y
m
er
s
wit
h
d
esir
e
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
ti
es,
as
well
as
t
o
o
b
ta
in
n
ew
,
u
n
i
q
u
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ti
es
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
is
u
s
ed
t
o
cr
ea
t
e
n
ew
m
at
er
ials
wi
th
s
p
e
cif
ic
c
h
a
r
a
ct
er
is
tics
a
n
d
a
p
p
lic
ati
o
n
s
b
e
ca
u
s
e
i
t is
v
e
r
y
ch
ea
p
a
n
d
e
as
y
t
o
u
s
e
[
2
5
]
.
T
en
s
ile
test
in
g
is
u
s
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
ten
s
ile
f
o
r
ce
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
ater
ial’
s
s
tr
en
g
th
.
T
h
e
ten
s
ile
test
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
p
u
llin
g
th
e
m
ater
ial,
allo
win
g
th
e
elo
n
g
atio
n
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
an
d
r
em
ain
co
n
s
tan
t
u
n
til
th
e
m
at
er
ial
b
r
ea
k
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
test
,
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
elastic
m
o
d
u
lu
s
(E)
v
alu
es
o
f
t
h
e
m
ater
ial
ca
n
also
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
test
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
k
n
o
w
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
an
av
e
r
ag
e
wo
b
b
le
q
u
ality
le
v
el
(
AW
QL
)
an
aly
s
is
o
f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
ef
o
r
e
it
is
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
f
ield
[
2
7
]
.
C
ar
r
y
in
g
o
u
t
a
ten
s
ile
test
aim
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
a
m
ater
ial
b
u
t
also
to
d
eter
m
in
e
its
s
tiff
n
ess
an
d
s
tr
ain
at
b
r
ea
k
.
I
n
th
e
s
tr
ess
-
s
tr
ain
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
te
s
ted
m
ater
ial,
th
er
e
ar
e
two
k
ey
p
iece
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
:
th
e
p
ea
k
p
o
i
n
t
i
n
th
e
lin
e
ar
r
eg
io
n
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
tr
ess
-
to
-
s
tr
ain
r
atio
in
th
e
s
am
e
r
eg
io
n
r
ef
lects
th
e
Yo
u
n
g
'
s
m
o
d
u
lu
s
o
r
E
.
Yo
u
n
g
'
s
m
o
d
u
lu
s
in
d
icate
s
a
m
ater
ial'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ain
tain
i
ts
s
h
ap
e
u
n
d
er
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
ce
;
s
tiff
er
m
ater
ials
h
av
e
h
ig
h
er
E
v
alu
es,
i
n
d
icatin
g
g
r
ea
ter
r
esis
tan
ce
to
ax
ial
d
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
2
8
]
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
M
et
ho
d a
nd
m
a
t
er
ia
ls
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
u
s
es
th
e
T
ag
u
ch
i
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
L
4
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
m
eth
o
d
,
w
h
ich
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
y
m
a
n
ip
u
latin
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
test
s
am
p
les.
T
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
r
ec
y
cled
p
o
ly
p
r
o
p
y
le
n
e
(
r
-
PP
)
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
th
e
m
alei
c
an
h
y
d
r
id
e
p
o
ly
p
r
o
p
y
len
e
(
M
APP)
co
m
p
atib
ilizer
,
as
well
as
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
m
ask
wast
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
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th
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r
-
PP
;
t
h
e
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m
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s
e
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d
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d
th
e
m
ask
ty
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es
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s
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wer
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p
ly
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n
d
4
-
p
ly
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
ass
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
p
o
ly
m
er
b
len
d
s
in
ea
ch
s
p
ec
im
en
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
6
:
894
-
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0
1
896
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ab
le
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.
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h
e
m
ass
f
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h
s
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i
m
en
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o
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p
.
r
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%)
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A
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P
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e
m
a
s
k
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10
0
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l
y
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10
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2
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re
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r
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t
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ea
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en
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le
m
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ased
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n
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e
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io
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s
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h
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h
is
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d
o
n
e
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ec
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s
e
d
is
p
o
s
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le
m
ask
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is
at
r
is
k
o
f
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ir
u
s
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d
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ter
ia
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it
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ee
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s
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led
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r
o
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er
ly
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o
llect
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r
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s
ly
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llected
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is
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o
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le
m
ask
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ef
o
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e
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r
o
ce
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s
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g
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e
m
ask
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s
p
r
ay
ed
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h
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l
to
d
is
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t
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ai
n
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g
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ir
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s
es
o
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ter
ia.
W
ash
th
e
d
is
p
o
s
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le
m
ask
with
d
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en
t,
th
en
d
r
y
it
in
th
e
s
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n
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h
t.
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n
g
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r
an
d
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eter
g
en
t
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
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ter
ilizatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
m
ain
tain
a
f
iltra
tio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
5
4
%.
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ar
ate
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
d
is
p
o
s
ab
le
m
ask
s
:
f
ac
e
m
ask
(
FM)
,
ea
r
l
o
o
p
(
E
L
)
,
a
n
d
NW
.
T
h
e
FM
is
cu
t
in
to
s
q
u
ar
es
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
1
0
-
2
0
m
m
s
o
it
ca
n
b
e
m
ix
ed
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s
in
g
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e
x
tr
u
d
e
r
.
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h
e
p
o
l
y
m
er
b
len
d
in
th
is
r
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ch
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
d
is
p
o
s
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le
m
ask
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n
d
r
-
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.
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o
s
tar
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
r
-
PP
,
th
e
PP
s
ee
d
s
ar
e
f
ir
s
t
wash
ed
with
clea
n
wate
r
to
r
em
o
v
e
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y
r
e
m
ain
in
g
d
ir
t,
th
en
d
r
ie
d
in
th
e
s
u
n
.
On
ce
d
r
y
,
th
e
r
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is
cr
u
s
h
ed
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s
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g
a
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u
s
h
er
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ac
h
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to
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ize
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f
1
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0
m
m
.
2
.
3
.
M
a
nu
f
a
ct
uring
pro
ce
s
s
Af
ter
th
e
r
-
PP
is
cu
t
in
t
o
s
m
aller
s
h
ap
es,
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
is
to
m
ix
th
e
p
o
ly
m
e
r
b
le
n
d
u
s
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g
a
n
ex
tr
u
d
er
.
T
h
e
m
ix
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
e
g
in
s
b
y
weig
h
in
g
t
h
e
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m
p
o
s
itio
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f
m
ask
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-
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a
n
d
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APP
u
s
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g
a
d
ig
ital
s
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le
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co
r
d
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g
to
th
e
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r
ed
ete
r
m
in
ed
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m
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o
s
itio
n
,
n
am
ely
(
9
0
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0
:0
)
%;
(
7
0
:
3
0
:0
)
%;
(
8
4
:1
0
:6
)
%,
(
6
4
:3
0
:
6
)
%.
T
h
e
ex
tr
u
d
er
m
ac
h
in
e
is
tu
r
n
e
d
o
n
with
a
s
cr
ew
s
p
ee
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o
f
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5
r
p
m
,
with
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tem
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er
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r
e
o
n
th
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tr
u
d
e
r
m
ac
h
in
e
o
f
1
8
0
°
C
(
f
ee
d
in
g
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n
e)
,
1
8
5
°
C
-
190
°
C
(
tr
an
s
itio
n
z
o
n
e)
,
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d
1
5
0
°
C
(
f
i
n
al
zo
n
e
)
.
T
h
e
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
u
s
ed
to
h
ea
t
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
as
k
is
s
et
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n
d
e
r
1
9
0
°
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o
r
2
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i
n
u
tes
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au
s
e,
if
th
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
tim
e
e
x
ce
ed
th
ese
lim
its
,
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ask
an
d
PP
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
elt
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
af
ter
th
e
e
x
tr
u
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
th
en
cu
t in
to
4
m
m
p
ellets to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
m
o
ld
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
ellets
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ex
tr
u
d
er
ar
e
ch
o
p
p
ed
with
a
s
h
r
ed
d
er
in
to
4
m
m
p
last
i
c
o
r
e.
T
h
e
p
last
ic
p
ellets
ar
e
th
en
p
lace
d
in
th
e
in
jectio
n
m
ac
h
in
e
at
1
8
0
°
C
-
230
°
C
f
o
r
1
5
m
in
u
tes,
an
d
th
en
in
jecte
d
in
to
th
e
m
o
ld
.
A
f
ter
t
h
e
p
o
l
y
m
er
b
len
d
is
m
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ld
e
d
u
s
in
g
an
i
n
jectio
n
m
o
ld
in
g
m
a
ch
in
e,
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
cu
t
th
e
s
p
ec
im
e
n
s
to
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
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ize
u
s
in
g
a
c
o
m
p
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ter
n
u
m
e
r
ical
co
n
tr
o
l
(
C
NC
)
m
ac
h
in
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Usu
ally
,
ten
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
im
en
s
ar
e
ad
ju
s
ted
to
ex
is
tin
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
;
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
e
s
p
ec
im
en
s
co
n
f
o
r
m
in
g
to
Am
er
ican
So
ciety
f
o
r
T
esti
n
g
a
n
d
Ma
ter
i
als
(
ASTM
)
D6
3
8
T
y
p
e
5
,
with
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
6
3
.
5
m
m
×
9
.
5
3
m
m
×
3
.
2
m
m
[
2
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
NC
m
ac
h
in
in
g
s
p
e
cim
en
2
.
4
.
M
ec
ha
nica
l t
est
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
test
,
a
te
n
s
ile
test
o
f
p
o
ly
m
e
r
b
le
n
d
s
p
ec
im
en
s
,
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
m
e
asu
r
e
th
e
m
ater
ial’
s
s
tr
en
g
th
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
.
I
t
em
p
lo
y
ed
th
e
AST
M
D6
3
8
ty
p
e
V
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
o
ly
m
er
-
b
ased
co
m
p
o
s
ites
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
p
ec
im
e
n
s
ize
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
ten
s
ile
test
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
a
Z
wick
R
o
ell
2
0
k
N
u
n
iv
er
s
al
test
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e,
with
v
er
tical
with
d
r
awa
l
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
im
en
at
a
s
p
ee
d
o
f
5
m
m
/m
in
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Op
timiz
a
tio
n
o
f te
n
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
t
h
a
n
d
mo
d
u
l
u
s
ela
s
ticity
fr
o
m
r
ec
yc
led
ma
s
k
p
o
lyme
r
…
(
I
n
d
a
h
Wid
ia
s
tu
ti
)
897
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
e
n
s
ile
test
s
p
ec
im
e
n
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
T
ens
ile
s
t
re
ng
t
h t
est
re
s
ult
C
alcu
latio
n
s
u
s
e
th
e
T
ag
u
ch
i
m
eth
o
d
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
lar
g
e
r
-
th
e
-
b
etter
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
.
/
=
−
10
(
1
∑
1
1
2
=
1
)
(
1
)
T
h
en
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ca
lcu
lat
in
g
th
e
la
r
g
er
-
t
h
e
-
b
etter
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
(
S/N
)
r
atio
f
o
r
te
n
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
2
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
S/N ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
r
atio
N
o
.
E
x
p
.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
S
/
N
t
e
n
s
i
l
e
st
r
e
n
g
t
h
r
a
t
i
o
r
-
PP
(
%)
M
A
P
P
(
%)
Ty
p
e
1
10
0
3
-
p
l
y
2
9
.
4
6
4
7
2
2
10
6
4
-
p
l
y
2
9
.
6
9
0
3
4
3
30
0
4
-
p
l
y
2
9
.
6
4
6
4
7
4
30
6
3
-
p
l
y
3
0
.
4
6
1
3
1
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Plo
t o
f
S/N ten
s
ile
s
t
r
en
g
th
r
atio
3
.
2
.
E
la
s
t
ic
mo
du
lus
t
est
re
s
ults
C
alcu
latio
n
s
u
s
e
th
e
T
ag
u
ch
i
m
eth
o
d
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
lar
g
er
t
h
e
b
etter
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
E
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
.
T
h
en
,
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
lar
g
er
-
th
e
-
b
etter
S/N
r
atio
f
o
r
ten
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
th
a
r
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
T
a
b
le
3
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
6
:
894
-
9
0
1
898
T
ab
le
3
.
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
S/N
elasticity
m
o
d
u
lu
s
r
atio
N
o
.
E
x
p
.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
S
/
N
e
l
a
st
i
c
i
t
y
m
o
d
u
l
u
s ra
t
i
o
r
-
PP
(
%)
M
A
P
P
(
%)
Ty
p
e
1
10
0
3
-
p
l
y
4
6
.
4
8
8
9
2
10
6
4
-
p
l
y
4
7
.
6
7
6
9
3
30
0
4
-
p
l
y
4
8
.
9
5
4
3
4
30
6
3
-
p
l
y
4
6
.
9
9
5
8
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Plo
t o
f
S/N r
atio
o
f
t
h
e
E
3
.
3
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
v
a
ria
nce
re
s
ult
An
aly
s
is
o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
(
ANOVA
)
is
u
s
ed
to
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eter
m
in
e
th
e
in
f
lu
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ce
o
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ea
ch
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a
r
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e
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tu
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ied
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h
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r
esp
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s
e
v
ar
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th
is
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tu
d
y
was
th
e
S/N
r
atio
,
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
a
cto
r
s
:
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m
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o
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itio
n
,
MA
PP
co
m
p
o
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itio
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,
an
d
m
ask
ty
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e.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
th
e
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A
ca
lcu
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o
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th
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o
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ten
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ile
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d
E
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h
e
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NOVA
r
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ab
les
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d
5
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eter
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ile
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wh
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h
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r
o
ce
s
s
ed
in
Min
itab
1
9
.
T
ab
le
4
.
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r
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ar
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ile
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%)
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2
2
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3
8
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8
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5
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n
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ib
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eter
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7
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3
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1
4
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4
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1
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4
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3
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4
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9
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1
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0
0
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Fro
m
th
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r
esear
ch
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at
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as
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ee
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r
ied
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t,
th
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i
f
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er
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in
th
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p
r
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p
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itio
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p
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ly
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e
r
m
ix
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a
f
f
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t
h
e
ten
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ile
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g
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d
m
o
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u
lu
s
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
Op
timiz
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f te
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NF
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u
n
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n
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ac
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g
Gr
an
t
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UNS)
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em
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u
n
d
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R
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m
en
t A
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4
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.
AUTHO
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I
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M
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N
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h
is
jo
u
r
n
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s
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th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
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ax
o
n
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m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
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n
ize
in
d
iv
id
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al
au
th
o
r
co
n
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tio
n
s
,
r
ed
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th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
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ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
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m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
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n
d
ah
W
id
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u
ti
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Slam
et
J
atm
ik
o
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
B
u
d
i H
ar
jan
to
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ar
if
B
ag
u
s
Pan
u
n
tu
n
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
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r
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t
i
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g
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R
e
v
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&
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d
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t
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n
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t
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v
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s
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P
:
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r
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a
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t
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Fu
:
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n
d
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a
c
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n
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NF
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I
C
T
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R
E
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M
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h
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n
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licts
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f
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ter
est
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o
ciate
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with
th
is
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
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h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
f
in
a
n
cial
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
th
at
co
u
ld
in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
r
b
ias
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
No
t
ap
p
licab
le.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
in
v
o
l
v
e
h
u
m
an
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
,
h
u
m
an
d
ata,
o
r
a
n
y
p
er
s
o
n
ally
id
en
tifia
b
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
All
d
ata
u
s
ed
wer
e
eith
er
p
u
b
licl
y
av
ailab
le,
f
u
lly
an
o
n
y
m
ize
d
,
o
r
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
‑
h
u
m
an
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
n
o
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t w
as
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
No
t
ap
p
licab
le.
T
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
d
id
n
o
t
in
v
o
lv
e
h
u
m
an
s
u
b
jects,
h
u
m
an
b
io
lo
g
ical
m
ater
ials
,
o
r
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
o
n
an
im
als.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
was
co
n
d
u
cted
s
o
lely
o
n
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
els,
p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le
d
atasets
,
o
r
n
o
n
‑
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
ata
th
at
d
id
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
with
liv
in
g
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
eth
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
al
f
r
o
m
an
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
ev
iew
b
o
ar
d
o
r
a
n
im
al
eth
ics
c
o
m
m
itte
e
was
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
6
:
894
-
9
0
1
900
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Der
iv
ed
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
,
[IW
]
,
upon
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
H
a
r
a
p
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
r
o
n
a
v
i
r
u
s
d
i
sea
se
2
0
1
9
(
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
)
:
a
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
v
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e
w
,
”
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o
u
r
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a
l
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