I
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S In
t
er
na
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l J
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f
Ro
bo
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Aut
o
m
a
t
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n
(
I
J
RA)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
,
p
p
.
7
3
7
~
7
4
4
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
,
DOI
:
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1
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v
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i
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744
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s
tab
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tech
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s
o
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PV)
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win
d
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s
tan
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to
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o
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t
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n
tiv
es,
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d
tech
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o
lo
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ical
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ts
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wev
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ie
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te
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
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ch
allen
g
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o
m
e
m
o
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with
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b
r
id
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b
l
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ed
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tiv
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s
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tio
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t
o
m
itig
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s
d
if
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n
t
tim
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s
ca
les
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d
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d
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s
.
R
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ies
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o
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s
tr
ated
th
at
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tan
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in
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tallatio
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[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
As
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a
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t.
R
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r
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r
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n
ewa
b
le
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
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2
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8
6
I
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t
J
R
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b
&
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to
m
,
Vo
l
.
1
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
:
7
3
7
-
7
4
4
738
s
y
s
tem
s
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r
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5
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[
6
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Ad
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ter
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[
7
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Alth
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o
d
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
,
a
n
o
tab
le
g
ap
r
e
m
ain
s
in
t
h
e
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
o
wer
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
co
o
r
d
i
n
atio
n
in
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
h
y
b
r
i
d
PV
win
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
p
a
r
ticu
lar
,
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
o
le
o
f
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
th
eir
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
with
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT)
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
n
d
er
r
ap
id
l
y
ch
an
g
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
is
o
f
ten
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
Sev
er
al
r
ec
e
n
t
s
tu
d
ies
ass
u
m
e
id
ea
l
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
tag
es
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
e
lim
ited
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
n
h
o
w
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
latio
n
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
im
p
r
o
v
ed
g
r
i
d
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
o
wer
co
n
tin
u
ity
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
an
aly
s
es
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
p
r
esen
t
r
esu
lts
with
o
u
t
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
Mo
tiv
ated
b
y
th
ese
lim
itatio
n
s
,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
h
y
b
r
id
PV
win
d
s
y
s
t
em
with
e
x
p
licitly
d
e
f
in
ed
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
r
o
les
a
n
d
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Sp
ec
ial
em
p
h
asis
is
p
lace
d
o
n
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
in
s
tab
ilizin
g
th
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e,
r
eg
u
latin
g
p
o
wer
f
lo
w,
an
d
en
ab
lin
g
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
1
6
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
A
d
etailed
s
im
u
latio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
ev
alu
ate
s
y
s
tem
b
eh
av
io
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
er
at
in
g
m
o
d
es,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
izatio
n
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
th
r
ee
f
o
ld
:
i)
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
clea
r
ly
d
ef
in
ed
h
y
b
r
i
d
PV
win
d
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
o
le
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
,
ii)
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
with
MPPT
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
p
o
wer
r
eg
u
latio
n
u
n
d
er
v
ar
iab
le
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
iii)
A
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
er
atio
n
o
v
er
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
ac
tical
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
g
r
id
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
te
g
r
atio
n
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
PV
an
d
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
g
en
e
r
atio
n
u
n
it
in
teg
r
ate
d
with
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
m
o
n
DC
lin
k
,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
m
itig
ate
th
e
in
ter
m
itten
t
n
atu
r
e
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
b
y
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
r
eg
u
latin
g
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
u
s
in
g
p
o
wer
elec
t
r
o
n
ic
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
an
d
ce
n
tr
aliz
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
PV
ar
r
ay
an
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
g
en
er
ato
r
o
p
er
ate
as
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
;
ea
ch
in
ter
f
ac
ed
with
th
e
DC
b
u
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ed
icate
d
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
en
ab
les
f
lex
ib
le
p
o
wer
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t,
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilizatio
n
,
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
ce
n
tr
a
lized
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
o
n
ito
r
s
s
o
u
r
ce
av
ailab
ilit
y
,
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e,
a
n
d
l
o
ad
d
em
an
d
to
co
o
r
d
in
ate
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
eg
u
lated
DC
p
o
wer
is
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
g
r
id
v
ia
a
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
e
r
ter
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
v
o
l
tag
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
P
V
an
d
win
d
s
y
s
tem
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
g
r
i
d
2
.
2
.
P
o
wer
f
lo
w
a
nd
co
ntr
o
l
s
t
ra
t
eg
y
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
tab
le
p
o
wer
d
eli
v
er
y
an
d
s
m
o
o
th
g
r
id
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
u
n
d
er
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
n
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
.
Po
wer
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
PV
ar
r
ay
an
d
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
is
f
ir
s
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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DC
–
DC
co
n
v
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ter
s
b
ef
o
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e
b
ein
g
co
m
b
in
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at
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T
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n
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ically
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ased
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atin
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itio
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h
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o
l
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r
r
a
d
ia
n
c
e,
th
e
PV
s
u
b
s
y
s
t
em
o
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e
r
at
es
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r
its
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
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p
o
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t
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d
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u
p
p
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m
o
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t
o
f
t
h
e
l
o
ad
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em
an
d
,
w
h
il
e
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h
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n
d
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u
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y
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te
m
s
u
p
p
l
e
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e
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ts
t
h
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r
e
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in
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p
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er
.
C
o
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v
e
r
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el
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r
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at
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a
r
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h
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ce
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all
s
y
s
te
m
r
eli
ab
i
lit
y
[
1
2
]
.
2
.
3
.
DC
-
DC
co
nv
er
t
er
a
nd
M
P
P
T
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
p
lay
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
r
eg
u
latin
g
v
o
ltag
e,
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w,
an
d
m
ax
im
izin
g
en
e
r
g
y
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
ea
ch
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
is
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
with
an
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atin
g
u
n
d
e
r
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
l
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
ad
ju
s
t
s
th
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
d
u
t
y
cy
cle
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
o
p
tim
al
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
PV
ar
r
ay
an
d
win
d
g
en
er
ato
r
u
n
d
er
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
p
er
ate
in
b
o
th
b
u
c
k
an
d
b
o
o
s
t
m
o
d
es,
allo
win
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
to
m
ain
tain
a
s
tab
le
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
d
esp
ite
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
s
o
u
r
ce
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
is
r
eg
u
lated
DC
lin
k
im
p
r
o
v
es
in
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
es
r
eliab
le
g
r
id
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
s
u
ch
as
o
v
er
-
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
o
v
er
-
cu
r
r
en
t
lim
its
to
en
h
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
s
af
ety
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
2
.
4
.
G
rid int
er
f
a
ce
a
nd
o
pera
t
ing
m
o
des
T
h
e
r
eg
u
lated
DC
p
o
wer
is
co
n
v
er
ted
to
AC
u
s
in
g
a
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
er
ter
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
d
with
th
e
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
co
n
t
r
o
l
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
th
e
i
n
jecte
d
cu
r
r
en
t
is
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
an
d
in
p
h
ase
with
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e,
th
er
e
b
y
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
u
n
ity
p
o
we
r
f
ac
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
ates
u
n
d
e
r
two
p
r
im
ar
y
m
o
d
es:
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
PV
–
win
d
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
n
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
o
d
e,
th
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
u
p
p
lies
p
o
wer
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
en
tly
to
e
v
alu
ate
b
aselin
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
iab
le
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
I
n
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
e,
b
o
th
PV
an
d
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
p
er
ate
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
a
n
d
th
eir
co
m
b
i
n
ed
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
o
wer
co
n
tin
u
ity
is
an
aly
ze
d
.
T
r
an
s
itio
n
b
etwe
en
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es
is
h
an
d
le
d
au
to
m
atica
lly
b
y
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
with
o
u
t d
is
r
u
p
tin
g
g
r
id
o
p
e
r
atio
n
.
2
.
5
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n set
up
a
nd
p
a
ra
m
e
t
er
s
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
PV
win
d
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
d
eled
an
d
s
im
u
lated
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
in
clu
d
es
d
etailed
m
o
d
el
s
o
f
th
e
PV
ar
r
a
y
,
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
,
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
co
n
tr
o
l
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
,
an
d
g
r
id
in
ter
f
ac
e
.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
ar
e
v
ar
ied
to
ass
ess
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
n
d
e
r
r
ea
lis
tic
o
p
er
atin
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Key
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
in
clu
d
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
,
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
s
o
u
r
ce
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
eth
o
d
in
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
g
r
id
r
e
liab
ilit
y
an
d
p
o
wer
s
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
PV
win
d
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
d
eled
an
d
s
im
u
lated
in
MA
T
L
AB
u
s
in
g
r
ea
lis
tic
elec
tr
ical
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
ac
tical
g
r
i
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
in
s
tallatio
n
s
an
d
r
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e.
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes th
e
k
ey
s
y
s
tem
p
a
r
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
a
r
izes th
e
k
ey
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
S
y
mb
o
l
V
a
l
u
e
U
n
i
t
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
A
r
r
a
y
R
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
P
PV
5
kW
O
p
e
n
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
oc
2
3
0
V
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h
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r
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c
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r
c
u
i
t
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r
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I
sc
22
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M
a
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m
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p
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w
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v
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mp
1
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0
V
M
a
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i
m
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m
p
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w
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r
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t
I
mp
18
A
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t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
r
r
a
d
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a
n
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e
G
1
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0
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(
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q
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v
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r
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A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
7
2
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b
&
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to
m
,
Vo
l
.
1
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,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
6
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7
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4
4
740
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
PV
win
d
s
y
s
tem
was
s
im
u
lated
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
o
ass
es
s
d
y
n
am
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
an
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
p
o
wer
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
.
Simu
latio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
clu
d
e
d
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
PV
o
p
e
r
atio
n
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
PV
win
d
o
p
er
ati
o
n
.
Key
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
an
aly
ze
d
in
clu
d
e
D
C
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
,
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le,
an
d
o
v
e
r
all
p
o
wer
co
n
tin
u
ity
.
3
.
1
.
St
a
nd
a
lo
ne
P
V
perf
o
rma
nce
I
n
th
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
PV
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
was
s
u
b
jec
ted
to
s
tep
ch
a
n
g
es
in
s
o
lar
i
r
r
ad
ian
ce
b
etwe
en
2
0
0
W
/m
²
an
d
1
0
0
0
W
/m
²
to
em
u
late
tr
an
s
ien
t
cl
o
u
d
co
v
er
.
Un
d
e
r
ab
r
u
p
t
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
ch
an
g
es,
th
e
DC
b
u
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
v
o
ltag
e
e
x
cu
r
s
io
n
s
,
with
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
u
p
to
±
8
.
3
%
f
r
o
m
n
o
m
in
al
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
(
6
0
0
V)
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
at
th
e
DC
b
u
s
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
5
.
7
%,
in
d
icatin
g
lim
ited
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
s
y
s
te
m
to
m
ain
tain
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
i
lity
u
n
d
e
r
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
s
co
u
ld
lead
to
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
s
tr
ess
o
n
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
d
eg
r
ad
ed
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
at
th
e
g
r
id
in
t
er
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
PV
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
a
n
aly
s
is
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ex
h
ib
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
tr
an
s
ien
ts
,
in
d
icat
in
g
lim
ited
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
wh
e
n
o
n
ly
a
s
in
g
le
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
PV sy
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Simu
latio
n
o
f
PV
ce
l
l
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
PV
s
y
s
tem
3
.
2
.
H
y
brid P
V
wind
perf
o
rm
a
nce
W
h
en
b
o
th
PV
an
d
win
d
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
o
p
er
ated
co
n
c
u
r
r
e
n
tly
,
th
e
DC
lin
k
ex
h
ib
ited
m
ar
k
ed
ly
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
tab
ilit
y
.
W
ith
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
win
d
g
en
er
at
o
r
,
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
b
ec
a
m
e
less
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
r
ap
id
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
DC
b
u
s
v
ar
iatio
n
in
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
e
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
±
3
.
1
%,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
lo
wer
th
an
in
th
e
PV
-
o
n
ly
ca
s
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
to
2
.
2
%,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
AE
S
I
n
t
J
R
o
b
&
A
u
to
m
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
g
r
id
r
elia
b
ilit
y
w
it
h
s
o
la
r
-
w
in
d
en
erg
y
s
ystems
(
S
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p
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a
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)
741
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
co
o
r
d
in
ated
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
in
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
y
.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
DC
lin
k
s
tab
ilit
y
d
ir
ec
tly
tr
an
s
lates
in
to
s
m
o
o
th
er
in
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
in
jecte
d
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
is
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
tab
ilit
y
i
s
a
d
ir
ec
t
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
:
d
u
r
i
n
g
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
d
ip
s
,
t
h
e
win
d
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
a
d
d
itio
n
al
p
o
we
r
,
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
f
o
r
s
o
lar
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
y
n
am
ically
ad
j
u
s
ted
co
n
v
er
te
r
d
u
ty
cy
cles to
b
alan
ce
s
o
u
r
c
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
r
eg
u
late
DC
v
o
ltag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
l
o
ad
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Simu
latio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
l
o
a
d
3
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
T
ab
le
2
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
PV
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
PV
w
in
d
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Av
er
a
g
e
p
o
wer
c
o
n
tin
u
ity
is
d
e
f
in
ed
as
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
tim
e
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
r
em
ain
s
with
in
±
5
%
o
f
n
o
m
in
al
p
o
wer
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
in
ter
v
al.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
clea
r
l
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
en
h
an
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
ip
p
le,
lead
in
g
to
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
g
r
id
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
.
Po
wer
co
n
t
in
u
ity
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
o
v
er
2
2
%,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
to
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
th
an
th
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
PV sy
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
tim
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
wi
n
d
en
er
g
y
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
: PV
-
o
n
ly
v
s
h
y
b
r
id
PV
–
win
d
M
e
t
r
i
c
S
t
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
P
V
H
y
b
r
i
d
P
V
–
W
i
n
d
I
mp
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
D
C
B
u
s
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
±
%)
8
.
3
3
.
1
6
2
.
7
%
D
C
B
u
s
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
i
p
p
l
e
(
%)
5
.
7
2
.
2
6
1
.
4
%
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
t
y
(
%)
7
8
.
5
9
5
.
8
2
2
.
1
%
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Vo
ltag
e
v
s
tim
e
g
r
a
p
h
o
f
win
d
en
er
g
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
7
2
2
-
2
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8
6
I
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&
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l
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1
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No
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3
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Sep
tem
b
er
20
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:
7
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4
742
3
.
4
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n o
f
re
s
ults
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
o
f
PV
an
d
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
with
co
o
r
d
in
ated
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
y
ield
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
en
ef
i
ts
.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
two
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
s
:
a.
C
o
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
y
n
am
ics:
W
in
d
g
en
er
atio
n
c
o
m
p
en
s
ates
f
o
r
PV
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ip
s
d
u
r
in
g
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
tr
ess
o
n
th
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
.
b.
C
o
o
r
d
in
ated
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
c
o
n
tr
o
l
:
I
n
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
DC
–
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
with
MPPT
allo
w
ea
ch
s
o
u
r
ce
to
o
p
e
r
ate
n
ea
r
its
o
p
tim
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
DC
b
u
s
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
r
ed
u
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
s
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
co
m
b
in
ed
ef
f
ec
ts
y
ield
b
etter
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
an
d
m
ak
e
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
er
e
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
en
etr
at
io
n
is
h
ig
h
an
d
g
r
id
s
tab
ilit
y
is
a
co
n
ce
r
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws th
e
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t o
u
tp
u
t o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Vo
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
3
.
5
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n wit
h r
ec
ent
lite
ra
t
ure
T
o
co
n
tex
t
u
alize
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
T
a
b
le
3
co
m
p
ar
es
k
ey
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
with
r
ec
en
tly
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
h
y
b
r
id
PV
win
d
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
also
r
ep
o
r
t
s
tab
ilizatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
ac
h
iev
es su
p
er
i
o
r
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
tab
ilizatio
n
an
d
r
ip
p
le
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
r
ec
en
t
wo
r
k
s
.
No
tab
ly
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ex
h
ib
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
lo
wer
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
an
d
r
ip
p
le,
r
ef
lectin
g
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
o
we
r
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
r
ec
en
t h
y
b
r
id
PV
–
win
d
s
tu
d
ies
F
o
c
u
s
D
C
B
u
s
R
i
p
p
l
e
R
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
Te
c
h
n
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
f
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
[
5
]
N
o
t
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
B
a
si
c
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
F
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
M
P
P
T
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
[
6
]
~
1
5
%
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
DC
–
D
C
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
[
8
]
~
9
%
4
–
6
%
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
H
y
st
e
r
e
si
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
H
y
b
r
i
d
w
i
t
h
e
x
p
l
i
c
i
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
r
o
l
e
(
Th
i
s
W
o
r
k
)
6
1
.
4
%
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
±
3
.
1
%
D
C
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
e
d
M
P
P
T
+
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ted
a
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
h
y
b
r
id
PV
win
d
s
y
s
tem
with
co
o
r
d
in
ated
DC
–
DC
p
o
wer
co
n
d
itio
n
in
g
an
d
c
en
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
l
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
g
r
id
r
eliab
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
iab
le
r
en
ewa
b
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
MPPT
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
en
s
u
r
ed
ef
f
icien
t
en
er
g
y
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
an
d
s
tab
le
DC
lin
k
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
s
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
iatio
n
an
d
r
ip
p
le
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
tan
d
al
o
n
e
PV,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
o
wer
c
o
n
tin
u
ity
an
d
g
r
id
s
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
iz
atio
n
an
d
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
m
itig
atin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
in
ter
m
itten
cy
.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
in
teg
r
atin
g
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e,
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
a
d
v
a
n
ce
d
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
a
r
d
war
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
a
n
d
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
g
r
id
im
p
ac
t stu
d
ies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
AE
S
I
n
t
J
R
o
b
&
A
u
to
m
I
SS
N:
2722
-
2
5
8
6
E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
g
r
id
r
elia
b
ilit
y
w
it
h
s
o
la
r
-
w
in
d
en
erg
y
s
ystems
(
S
w
a
p
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a
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u
b
u
d
h
ir
a
y
)
743
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
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au
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ies
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ip
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tes,
an
d
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r
u
tira
n
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k
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C
:
C
o
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a
t
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:
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e
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d
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Au
th
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f
in
t
er
est.
DATA AV
AI
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AB
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L
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T
Y
T
h
e
d
atasets
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s
ed
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th
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tiv
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o
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ce
s
also
cited
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
V
.
K
h
a
r
e
,
S
.
N
e
ma
,
a
n
d
P
.
B
a
r
e
d
a
r
,
“
S
o
l
a
r
-
w
i
n
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
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e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
st
e
m:
A
r
e
v
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e
w
,
”
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e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
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y
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v
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l
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p
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0
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1
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6
/
j
.
r
s
e
r
.
2
0
1
5
.
1
2
.
2
2
3
.
[
2
]
F
.
W
e
sc
h
e
n
f
e
l
d
e
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
r
e
v
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e
w
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
r
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w
e
e
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g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
so
l
a
r
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
st
e
ms,”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
l
e
a
n
e
r
Pr
o
d
u
c
t
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o
n
,
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l
.
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7
,
p
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1
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0
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,
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0
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.
j
c
l
e
p
r
o
.
2
0
2
0
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1
2
0
6
1
7
.
[
3
]
M
.
H
o
ma
,
A
.
P
a
ł
a
c
,
M
.
Ż
o
ł
ą
d
e
k
,
a
n
d
R
.
F
i
g
a
j
,
“
S
mal
l
-
sc
a
l
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
a
n
d
p
o
l
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
sy
st
e
ms:
En
e
r
g
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
st
o
r
a
g
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
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o
n
s,
a
n
d
a
n
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l
y
si
s
me
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h
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y
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”
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e
rg
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e
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v
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.
1
5
,
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o
.
2
3
,
p
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9
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:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
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n
1
5
2
3
9
1
5
2
.
[
4
]
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
Y
.
L
u
,
L.
H
u
a
n
g
,
H
.
G
u
o
,
a
n
d
L.
T
u
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
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c
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
g
r
i
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
sw
a
r
m
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
”
En
e
r
g
y
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
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p
.
8
8
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6
/
s
4
2
1
6
2
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4
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0
0
3
8
8
-
2.
[
5
]
H
.
Jo
s
h
i
,
A
.
K
.
S
w
a
mi
,
a
n
d
K
.
M
a
t
i
y
a
l
i
,
“
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
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o
n
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
o
f
a
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
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u
si
n
g
P
M
S
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w
i
t
h
ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
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e
r
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
r
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l
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
2
0
1
9
W
o
m
e
n
I
n
st
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y
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f
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re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
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c
a
l
a
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d
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m
p
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n
g
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n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
WIT
C
O
N
EC
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2
0
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9
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
4
9
–
53
,
d
o
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:
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0
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1
1
0
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/
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EC
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4
8
3
7
4
.
2
0
1
9
.
9
0
9
2
8
9
3
.
[
6
]
A
.
L
.
G
.
P
i
r
e
s,
P
.
R
o
t
e
l
l
a
J
u
n
i
o
r
,
L.
C
.
S
.
R
o
c
h
a
,
R
.
S
.
P
e
r
u
c
h
i
,
K
.
Ja
n
d
a
,
a
n
d
R
.
d
e
C
.
M
i
r
a
n
d
a
,
“
En
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
mu
l
t
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-
o
b
j
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c
t
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o
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
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o
n
:
H
y
b
r
i
d
w
i
n
d
-
p
h
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t
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v
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l
t
a
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o
n
w
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h
b
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t
t
e
r
y
e
n
e
r
g
y
st
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
st
e
ms,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
,
v
o
l
.
6
6
,
p
.
1
0
7
4
2
5
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
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:
1
0
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1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
st
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
7
4
2
5
.
[
7
]
S
.
Y
.
L
u
,
L.
W
a
n
g
,
T.
M
.
L
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
V
.
P
r
o
k
h
o
r
o
v
,
“
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
w
a
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
st
e
ms
u
s
i
n
g
a
D
C
mi
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
,
”
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
ry
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
5
3
–
2
7
6
1
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
A
.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
6
7
1
0
2
.
[
8
]
M
.
M
.
G
u
l
z
a
r
,
“
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
o
f
a
g
r
i
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
P
V
b
a
sed
f
u
e
l
c
e
l
l
sy
s
t
e
m
u
s
i
n
g
o
p
t
i
mal
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
S
w
i
t
zer
l
a
n
d
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
3
9
8
0
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2
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1
0
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3
3
9
0
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1
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0
5
3
9
8
0
.
[
9
]
R
.
B
e
n
A
l
i
,
H
.
S
c
h
u
l
t
e
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
a
mi
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
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sm
a
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w
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d
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r
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i
n
e
s
y
st
e
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
P
M
S
G
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
,
”
i
n
I
EEE
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Ev
o
l
v
i
n
g
a
n
d
Ad
a
p
t
i
v
e
I
n
t
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l
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e
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t
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s
,
2
0
1
7
,
v
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l
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2
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1
7
-
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a
y
,
p
p
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1
–
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1
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0
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I
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.
2
0
1
7
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7
9
5
4
8
3
3
.
[
1
0
]
D
.
Ema
d
,
M
.
A
.
El
-
H
a
m
e
e
d
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
.
E
l
-
F
e
r
g
a
n
y
,
“
O
p
t
i
mal
t
e
c
h
n
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
P
V
/
w
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n
d
s
y
st
e
m
c
o
m
p
r
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s
i
n
g
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
:
C
a
se
s
t
u
d
y
f
o
r
a
r
e
m
o
t
e
a
r
e
a
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
v
e
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o
n
a
n
d
Ma
n
a
g
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t
,
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.
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4
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p
.
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8
4
7
,
2
0
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:
1
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1
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.
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c
o
n
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n
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2
0
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1
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1
1
4
8
4
7
.
[
1
1
]
B
.
W
a
n
g
,
Z
.
D
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
B
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
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S
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m
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l
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t
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