I
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s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
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Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
43
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
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er
2
0
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p
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~
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SS
N:
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43
.i
3
.
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6
4
956
J
o
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na
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e
:
h
ttp
:
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ee
cs.ia
esco
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co
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w
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driv
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BB
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ticle
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R
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Oct
7
,
2
0
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R
ev
is
ed
J
u
l 2
7
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2
0
2
6
Acc
ep
ted
Au
g
1
9
,
2
0
2
6
To
rq
u
e
rip
p
le
(TR)
m
in
imiz
a
ti
o
n
i
n
b
ru
s
h
les
s
DC
(BLDC)
m
o
to
rs
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
c
rit
ica
l
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
s
d
u
e
to
it
s
d
irec
t
imp
a
c
t
o
n
d
riv
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
,
e
fficie
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
BLDC
d
riv
e
s
ty
p
ica
ll
y
e
m
p
lo
y
larg
e
DC
-
li
n
k
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs,
wh
ich
i
n
c
re
a
se
sy
ste
m
c
o
st
a
n
d
we
ig
h
t
a
n
d
a
re
h
ig
h
ly
se
n
siti
v
e
to
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
,
th
e
re
b
y
re
d
u
c
in
g
l
if
e
ti
m
e
.
To
a
d
d
re
ss
th
e
se
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
s,
th
is
wo
rk
p
r
o
p
o
se
s
a
l
o
w
-
c
o
st
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
-
b
a
se
d
BLDC
d
riv
e
in
teg
ra
ted
wit
h
a
to
rq
u
e
rip
p
le
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
(TRC)
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
o
p
t
imiz
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l
u
sin
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
li
stic
b
io
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
y
-
b
a
se
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
(P
BBO)
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
.
Th
e
P
BBO
m
e
th
o
d
is
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
t
o
tu
n
e
th
e
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
o
f
a
fra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
-
o
rd
e
r
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ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
-
i
n
teg
ra
l
-
d
e
riv
a
ti
v
e
(F
OPID)
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r,
e
n
su
ri
n
g
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
s
p
e
e
d
re
g
u
lati
o
n
a
n
d
TR
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
.
B
y
p
ro
b
a
b
il
isti
c
a
ll
y
re
fin
i
n
g
m
ig
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
e
m
ig
ra
ti
o
n
ra
t
e
s,
P
BBO
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
c
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
e
li
m
in
a
tes
re
d
u
n
d
a
n
t
sp
e
c
ies
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts,
l
e
a
d
in
g
to
su
p
e
rio
r
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
.
S
imu
lati
o
n
stu
d
ies
v
a
li
d
a
te
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
P
BBO
-
F
OPID
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ti
n
g
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
ts
in
TR
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
sp
e
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
rs su
c
h
a
s
DG
OA
-
F
OPID
a
n
d
sp
id
e
r
we
b
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
(S
WC).
Re
su
l
ts
c
o
n
f
irm
th
a
t
t
h
e
P
BBO
-
F
OPID
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler
a
c
h
iev
e
s
sm
o
o
th
e
r
to
r
q
u
e
re
sp
o
n
se
,
re
d
u
c
e
d
rip
p
le,
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
s
p
e
e
d
re
g
u
lati
o
n
,
e
sta
b
li
sh
in
g
it
a
s
a
c
o
s
t
-
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
h
ig
h
-
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
fo
r
BLDC
m
o
t
o
r
d
ri
v
e
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
DC
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
Gr
ass
h
o
p
p
er
o
p
tim
izatio
n
PB
B
O
-
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
Sp
id
er
web
-
b
ased
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
T
o
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
r
ed
u
ctio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Pan
d
i
Ma
h
ar
ajan
M
.
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
Nad
ar
Sar
aswath
i Co
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
T
h
en
i
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: p
an
d
im
ah
a
.
n
et@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
B
r
u
s
h
less
D
C
(
B
L
DC
)
m
o
t
o
r
s
ar
e
wid
ely
ad
o
p
ted
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial,
au
to
m
o
tiv
e,
a
n
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
,
co
m
p
ac
t
d
esig
n
,
a
n
d
s
u
p
er
io
r
d
y
n
am
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
er
s
is
ten
t
ch
alle
n
g
es
in
B
L
DC
d
r
iv
es
is
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
l
e
(
T
R
)
,
wh
ic
h
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctiv
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
m
o
to
r
win
d
in
g
s
an
d
th
e
in
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
to
g
e
n
er
ate
i
d
ea
l
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
u
n
d
er
f
in
ite
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e.
TR
lead
s
to
u
n
d
esira
b
le
ef
f
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
ac
o
u
s
tic
n
o
is
e,
m
e
ch
an
ical
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
s
en
s
o
r
less
d
r
iv
es
wh
er
e
b
ac
k
-
E
MF
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ex
ac
e
r
b
ate
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
.
W
h
ile
co
g
g
i
n
g
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
r
elu
cta
n
ce
to
r
q
u
e
e
x
er
t
m
in
o
r
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
th
e
m
u
tu
al
to
r
q
u
e
r
em
ain
s
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
f
ac
to
r
in
r
ip
p
le
g
en
er
atio
n
,
m
ak
in
g
T
R
m
in
i
m
izatio
n
a
cr
itical
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
B
L
DC
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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SS
N:
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-
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w
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t B
LDC
d
r
ive
w
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B
B
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OP
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c
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ce
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Ma
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C
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n
v
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tio
n
al
a
p
p
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to
TR
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ed
u
ctio
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o
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ten
r
ely
o
n
l
ar
g
e
DC
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lin
k
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p
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s
,
wh
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ilize
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u
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
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r
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k
s
s
u
ch
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
co
s
t,
weig
h
t,
an
d
r
ed
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ce
d
life
ti
m
e
d
u
e
to
th
er
m
al
s
en
s
itiv
ity
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o
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
es
e
lim
itatio
n
s
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
-
b
as
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
.
Am
o
n
g
th
em
,
th
e
g
r
ass
h
o
p
p
er
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
(
GOA)
h
as
s
h
o
wn
lim
ited
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
b
io
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
y
-
b
ased
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
(
B
B
O)
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
B
B
O
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
in
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cy
,
as
its
r
an
d
o
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im
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ig
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g
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ig
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O
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
ich
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
class
ical
B
B
O
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
b
y
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tically
s
elec
tin
g
s
u
itab
ilit
y
in
d
ex
v
ar
iab
les
(
SIV
s
)
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ev
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
ef
in
em
en
t
elim
in
ates
u
n
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
m
ig
r
atio
n
s
,
ac
ce
ler
ates
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
g
lo
b
al
s
ea
r
ch
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
T
h
e
PB
B
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
o
p
tim
ally
tu
n
e
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
a
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
-
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
i
n
teg
r
al
-
d
er
i
v
ativ
e
(
FOPID
)
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
p
r
ec
is
e
s
p
ee
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
TR
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
2.
P
RO
B
AB
I
L
I
S
T
I
C
B
B
O
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
u
s
es
a
lo
t
o
f
tim
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
m
ig
r
ati
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
with
o
u
t
tak
in
g
th
is
k
ey
i
n
to
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ak
es
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
e
x
p
e
n
s
iv
e
to
c
o
m
p
u
te
an
d
tak
es
u
p
a
lo
t
o
f
s
p
ac
e.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
w
o
r
k
co
m
b
in
es
th
e
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
B
B
O
with
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
m
ig
r
ati
o
n
(
PM)
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
SIV
s
'
le
v
els
af
f
ec
ts
b
o
th
th
e
im
m
ig
r
atio
n
r
ate
an
d
th
e
em
ig
r
atio
n
r
a
te
in
th
e
PM.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
o
n
ly
th
e
SIV
s
th
at
h
av
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
ev
iatio
n
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
id
ea
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
r
ap
id
ly
.
I
n
th
e
PM
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
d
iv
e
r
g
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
SIV
v
alu
e
s
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tically
m
o
d
if
y
th
e
im
m
ig
r
atio
n
r
ate
(
)
a
n
d
e
m
ig
r
atio
n
r
ate
(
)
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
e
q
u
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
elem
en
t
-
wis
e
d
ev
iatio
n
b
etwe
en
SIV
ik
an
d
S
I
V
kj
if
th
e
s
et
o
f
SIV
s
r
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
as
SIV
ik
r
elate
s
to
t
h
e
SI
Vs
s
itu
ated
in
th
e
i
th
r
o
w
an
d
SIV
kj
r
elate
s
to
th
e
SI
Vs lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
k
th
r
o
w
(
1
)
:
Π
=
−
ℎ
≠
(
1
)
Fu
r
th
er
,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
d
e
v
ia
n
ce
v
alu
es
Π
,
Π
Π
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
et
o
f
d
ev
ian
ce
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
.
Π
is
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
in
g
(
2
)
:
Π
=
1
∑
Π
=
1
(
2
)
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
m
ig
r
atio
n
i
n
PM
m
eth
o
d
is
co
m
p
u
ted
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
:
=
{
0
Π
=
Π
0
.
25
Π
<
Π
<
Π
0
.
5
Π
<
Π
<
Π
0
.
9
Π
=
Π
(
3
)
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
im
m
ig
r
atio
n
r
ate
an
d
em
ig
r
atio
n
r
ate
c
an
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
in
(
4
)
a
n
d
(
5
)
b
y
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
in
(
1
)
-
(
3
)
:
=
(
1
−
(
)
)
(
4
)
=
(
(
)
)
(
5
)
T
h
e
PB
B
O
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
1
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
elo
w
:
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
PB
B
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
1.
Create initial random habitat set
as shown in (4).
2.
As
si
gn
th
e
in
it
ia
l
va
lu
es
fo
r
th
e
pa
ra
me
te
rs
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
and
.
3.
i=1 to n
4.
Use the fitness function to calculate the HSI for the habitat set "HAB
i
."
5.
Select the HAB
i
with the lowest HSI value.
6.
End
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
43
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
9
5
6
-
9
6
4
958
7.
i=1 to
8.
j=1 to
9.
k=1 to
10.
While (k
≠
i)
11.
Calculate SIV differences End
12.
End
13.
End
14.
End
15.
For k=1 to
16.
Compute the
,
and
(2)
17.
Compute probability
for migration using (4)
18.
Use (13) and to calculate the probabilistic immigration and emigration rates (5)
19.
End
20.
for every habitat between i=1 and n
H
21.
for k=1 to
22.
choose
probability proportional to
23.
end
24.
For each habitat from j=1to m
25.
for k=1 to n
26.
choose
probability proportional to
27.
Replace
with
28.
end
29.
end
en
d
3.
SPEE
D
CO
NT
RO
L
AN
D
T
O
RQ
UE
RIPP
L
E
RE
DUCT
I
O
N
I
N
B
L
DC
M
O
T
O
R
WI
T
H
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
E
D
P
B
B
O
-
F
O
P
I
D
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
in
teg
r
al
o
f
tim
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
e
r
r
o
r
(
I
T
AE
)
p
a
r
am
eter
in
clu
d
es
s
p
ee
d
e
r
r
o
r
a
n
d
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
as
g
iv
en
in
th
e
f
itn
ess
/o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
PB
B
O
-
tu
n
ed
FOPID
f
o
r
th
e
T
R
C
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
with
P
B
B
O
-
F
OPI
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
h
e
PB
B
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
's
g
o
al
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
is
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
g
ain
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
s
u
ch
as
K
P
,
K
I
,
K
D
,
λ
,
an
d
,
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
PB
B
O
m
eth
o
d
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
f
itn
ess
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Lo
w
-
co
s
t B
LDC
d
r
ive
w
ith
P
B
B
O
-
tu
n
ed
F
OP
I
D
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler fo
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
p
ee
d
…
(
P
a
n
d
i
Ma
h
a
r
a
ja
n
M.)
959
[
4
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
o
b
tain
e
d
g
ain
p
a
r
am
eter
v
alu
es,
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
.
I
f
th
ey
ar
e
m
in
im
u
m
,
th
e
v
alu
es
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
th
e
g
ain
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
tu
n
i
n
g
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
s
atis
f
y
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
to
m
ak
e
th
e
s
tea
d
y
-
s
tate
er
r
o
r
ze
r
o
(
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e)
.
T
h
e
h
ab
itat
s
et
in
B
B
O
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
s
et
o
f
SIV
s
wh
er
e
SIV
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
K
P,
K
I
,
K
D
,
λ
,
an
d
f
o
r
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Sin
ce
th
e
r
e
ar
e
f
iv
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
a
r
am
eter
s
f
o
r
t
u
n
i
n
g
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
SIV
s
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
eq
u
al
to
f
iv
e.
Hen
ce
,
ca
n
b
e
r
e
p
r
esen
te
d
as in
(
6
)
.
=
[
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
⋮
⋮
⋮
⋮
⋮
]
(
6
)
is
ass
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
two
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler
s
s
ep
ar
ately
,
s
in
ce
ea
ch
o
f
th
em
is
tu
n
ed
s
ep
ar
ately
.
T
h
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
i
n
(
7
)
.
=
{
1
1
2
2
(
7
)
Usi
n
g
th
e
PB
B
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
v
id
ed
an
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
et
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
{
,
,
,
,
}
is
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
al
u
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
's
o
b
s
er
v
ed
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
th
e
in
n
er
lo
o
p
is
u
tili
s
ed
t
o
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
is
e
th
e
b
ac
k
em
f
o
f
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
with
th
e
in
v
er
tin
g
g
ate
s
ig
n
a
l.
B
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
with
a
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
,
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
o
u
ter
lo
o
p
.
T
ab
le
1
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
in
itial PB
B
O
p
ar
am
eter
s
tak
en
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t i
n
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
[
6
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
PB
B
O
'
s
in
it
ial
p
ar
am
eter
s
wer
e
tak
en
S
.
L.
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
1.
0
.
0
0
1
2.
m
a
x
0
.
0
0
5
3.
0
.
5
4.
0
.
8
5.
0
.
1
t
o
2
6.
50
7.
1
0
0
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
h
a
v
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
lated
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
er
ter
s
(
PW
MV
SI)
a
s
d
r
iv
er
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
ty
p
ically
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
D
C
lin
k
elem
en
ts
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
is
D
C
lin
k
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
c
u
s
to
m
a
r
ily
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
b
ac
k
EMF
a
r
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
,
s
in
ce
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
T
R
i
n
th
e
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
i
s
u
n
d
esira
b
le.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
R
C
m
eth
o
d
with
P
B
B
O
-
F
OPI
D
is
v
alid
ated
b
y
s
im
u
latin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
MA
T
L
AB
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
h
ase
c
u
r
r
en
t,
b
ac
k
em
f
,
to
r
q
u
e
,
an
d
s
p
ee
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
in
th
e
tim
e
d
o
m
ain
ar
e
o
b
tain
e
d
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
T
R
C
m
eth
o
d
with
PB
B
O
-
FOPID
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
i
n
teg
r
al
-
d
er
iv
ativ
e
(
PID
)
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
less
s
ettlin
g
t
im
e
an
d
g
o
o
d
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
ac
cu
r
ac
y
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
B
L
DC
d
r
iv
e
with
a
s
m
all
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
an
d
th
e
T
R
C
m
eth
o
d
with
T
a
b
le
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
tu
n
i
n
g
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
e
T
R
C
,
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
I
T
AE
v
alu
e.
A
ls
o
,
th
e
T
R
v
alu
es (
%)
f
o
r
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
n
o
ted
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
is
e
d
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Op
tim
al
v
al
u
es
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t O
As with
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
S
.
L
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
K
P
K
I
K
D
λ
μ
I
TA
E
1.
P
I
D
1
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1
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0
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z
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0
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5
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7
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7
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4
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D
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-
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
43
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
9
5
6
-
9
6
4
960
T
h
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e,
s
p
ee
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
cu
r
v
es
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
PB
B
O
-
FOPID.
Al
s
o
,
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
al
y
s
is
g
r
ap
h
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ca
s
es
ar
e
also
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
an
d
illu
s
tr
ated
[
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
m
(
)
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
T
R
C
m
eth
o
d
with
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
wh
er
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
ip
p
les
is
v
er
y
less
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
etter
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
with
lo
w
-
co
s
t c
ap
ac
ito
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
p
h
ase
c
u
r
r
en
t i
m
f
o
r
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
with
s
m
all
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
PB
B
O
-
FOPID
Du
r
in
g
an
e
x
ten
d
ed
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
t
is
co
n
tin
u
ally
m
ain
tain
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
s
c
en
ar
io
s
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
it
c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
h
as
less
r
ip
p
les
th
a
n
in
th
e
o
th
er
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
Als
o
,
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
is
g
r
ad
u
al
ly
o
b
tai
n
ed
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
er
v
alu
e
is
f
o
r
m
ed
in
t
h
e
s
tead
y
s
tate.
Als
o
,
it is
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
in
a
co
n
t
r
o
lled
,
ea
s
y
wa
y
[
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
T
R
C
with
PB
B
O
-
FOPID.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
d
d
en
ly
r
is
es
to
a
lar
g
er
v
alu
e,
wh
en
r
ea
ch
in
g
a
s
tead
y
s
tate,
it
s
h
o
ws
alm
o
s
t
n
eg
lig
ib
le
r
ip
p
les
in
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
a
n
d
it c
an
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
r
esem
b
les alm
o
s
t a
s
a
co
n
s
tan
t D
C
v
o
ltag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
p
h
as
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ca
s
es with
P
B
B
O
-
F
OPI
D
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
V
DC
f
o
r
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
with
s
m
all
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
co
r
r
ec
t
io
n
in
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
at
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
h
as
f
ewe
r
r
i
p
p
les
th
a
n
in
th
e
o
th
e
r
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
.
Als
o
,
it
is
im
p
lied
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
h
as
less
f
leetin
g
er
r
o
r
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
T
R
C
with
PB
B
O
-
FOPID
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
v
alu
e
in
c
r
ea
s
es
in
th
is
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
it
g
r
ad
u
ally
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
b
ef
o
r
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
a
s
tead
y
s
tate
with
ju
s
t
m
in
o
r
r
i
p
p
les.
T
h
is
f
ig
u
r
e
s
u
g
g
ests
th
a
t
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
cu
r
v
e
ev
e
n
tu
ally
r
ea
ch
es
s
tead
y
s
tate
af
ter
an
ab
r
u
p
t
lar
g
e
r
is
e.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
all
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Fro
m
wh
ich
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
etter
T
R
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Lo
w
-
co
s
t B
LDC
d
r
ive
w
ith
P
B
B
O
-
tu
n
ed
F
OP
I
D
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler fo
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
p
ee
d
…
(
P
a
n
d
i
Ma
h
a
r
a
ja
n
M.)
961
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
PB
B
O
-
FOPID
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
v
ar
iat
io
n
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
T
R
C
with
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
.
I
n
th
is
Fig
u
r
e
th
e
s
p
ee
d
r
ea
c
h
es
th
e
s
et
p
o
in
t
in
a
s
m
o
o
th
m
an
n
er
.
I
t
f
av
o
u
r
s
s
m
o
o
th
e
r
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
an
d
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
e
x
h
ib
it
a
n
y
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t
in
th
e
s
p
ee
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
e
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
al
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
t
is
ev
id
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
p
ee
d
e
x
h
ib
its
f
ewe
r
r
ip
p
les.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
in
cr
ea
s
es lin
ea
r
ly
u
n
til it r
ea
ch
es th
e
r
ated
v
alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
DC
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
in
all
ca
s
es with
PB
B
O
-
F
OPI
D
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
o
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
tin
y
ca
p
ac
ito
r
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
in
g
an
d
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
all
m
e
th
o
d
s
with
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
43
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
26
:
9
5
6
-
9
6
4
962
Als
o
,
th
e
T
R
an
d
T
HD
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
as
well
as
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
n
o
ted
an
d
co
n
tr
asted
with
th
e
T
HD
v
al
u
es
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
d
r
iv
es
with
n
o
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
d
r
iv
es
with
a
lar
g
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
d
r
iv
e
s
with
a
tin
y
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
.
T
a
b
le
3
s
h
o
ws
a
s
tu
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
T
R
v
alu
es
an
d
th
e
T
H
D
p
r
esen
t in
th
e
m
o
to
r
o
u
tp
u
t
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
in
s
tan
ce
s
[
1
1
]
.
W
h
en
a
lar
g
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
ased
d
r
iv
e
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
T
R
is
co
m
p
letely
r
ed
u
ce
d
wh
er
ea
s
,
w
ith
o
u
t
DC
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
ased
d
r
iv
e,
1
0
0
%
o
f
TR
s
ex
is
ts
,
an
d
it
is
n
o
t
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
I
n
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
R
an
s
ar
a&
Ma
d
awa
la
(
2
0
1
5
)
,
lo
w
DC
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
an
d
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
8
%
o
f
TR
s
is
p
r
esen
t
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
,
to
q
u
ic
k
ly
r
e
d
u
ce
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e,
SW
C
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
an
d
o
n
ly
7
%
o
f
TR
s
is
p
r
esen
t.
W
h
en
DGOA
-
FOPID
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
with
T
R
C
tech
n
iq
u
e,
T
R
b
ec
o
m
es
4
.
7
4
%
wh
e
r
ea
s
it
i
s
7
.
1
%
wh
en
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
FOPID
i
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
an
d
5
.
4
% wh
en
GOA
-
FOPID
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
T
R
C
is
m
en
tio
n
ed
T
ab
le
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Sp
ee
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
with
s
m
all
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
all
m
eth
o
d
s
with
PB
B
O
-
F
OPI
D
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
T
HD
an
d
T
R
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
s
with
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
S
.
L
C
a
se
TH
D
(
%)
TR
(
%)
1.
W
i
t
h
l
a
r
g
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
2
0
3
.
4
0
2.
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
1
1
4
.
3
1
0
0
3.
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
sm
a
l
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
(
TR
C
)
(
R
a
n
s
a
r
a
&M
a
d
a
w
a
l
a
2
0
1
5
)
1
0
5
.
6
8
4.
TR
C
-
F
L
C
9
8
.
9
8
5.
TR
C
-
S
W
C
9
8
.
7
7
6.
TR
C
-
P
I
D
9
9
.
5
8
.
1
7.
TR
C
-
F
u
z
z
y
P
I
D
9
9
.
1
7
.
3
8.
TR
C
-
F
O
P
I
D
99
7
.
1
9.
TR
C
-
G
A
F
O
P
I
D
9
8
.
5
6
.
4
1
0
.
TR
C
-
P
S
O
F
O
P
I
D
9
8
.
1
6
1
1
.
TR
C
-
B
B
O
F
O
P
I
D
9
7
.
7
5
.
6
1
2
.
TR
C
-
G
O
A
F
O
P
I
D
9
7
.
1
5
.
4
1
3
.
TR
C
-
D
G
O
A
F
O
P
I
D
9
6
.
5
4
.
7
4
1
4
.
TR
C
-
P
B
B
O
F
O
P
I
D
9
5
.
1
3
.
7
8
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Lo
w
-
co
s
t B
LDC
d
r
ive
w
ith
P
B
B
O
-
tu
n
ed
F
OP
I
D
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler fo
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
p
ee
d
…
(
P
a
n
d
i
Ma
h
a
r
a
ja
n
M.)
963
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
ts
a
lo
w
-
co
s
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
-
b
ased
T
R
C
d
r
iv
e
f
o
r
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
s
,
o
p
tim
ized
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
PB
B
O
-
tu
n
ed
FOPID
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
PB
B
O
-
FO
PID
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
e
n
h
an
ce
s
b
o
th
s
p
ee
d
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
T
R
R
,
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
GA,
PS
O
,
B
B
O,
GOA,
an
d
DGOA
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
th
e
PB
B
O
-
FOPI
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
ac
h
iev
es
s
m
o
o
t
h
er
to
r
q
u
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
r
ed
u
ce
d
r
ip
p
le,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
p
ee
d
s
tab
ilit
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ex
is
tin
g
T
R
C
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Qu
an
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
TR
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
3
.
7
8
%,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
5
2
.
7
5
%
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
v
er
th
e
lo
w
-
co
s
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
-
b
ased
B
L
DC
d
r
iv
e
with
th
e
TR
C
m
eth
o
d
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
R
an
s
ar
a
&
Ma
d
awa
la
(
2
0
1
5
)
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
ac
h
iev
es
a
4
6
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
T
R
C
-
S
W
C
an
d
a
2
0
.
2
5
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
T
R
C
-
DGO
A
-
FOPID.
T
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
a
s
m
all
ca
p
ac
ito
r
in
s
tead
o
f
a
lar
g
e
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
tly
lo
wer
s
s
y
s
tem
co
s
t
wh
ile
m
a
in
tain
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
.
B
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
m
in
im
izin
g
d
is
co
n
tin
u
ities
,
th
e
PB
B
O
-
F
OPI
D
co
n
tr
o
ller
es
tab
lis
h
es
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
,
h
ig
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
B
L
DC
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wis
h
to
th
an
k
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Dh
aa
n
is
h
Ah
m
ed
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
C
h
en
n
ai
-
6
0
1
3
0
1
,
f
o
r
t
h
eir
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
d
escr
ib
e
s
o
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r
ce
s
o
f
f
u
n
d
in
g
a
g
en
cy
th
at
h
av
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
e
wo
r
k
.
Au
th
o
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
s
tate
h
o
w
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
escr
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ed
in
th
eir
ar
ticle
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s
f
u
n
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ed
,
in
clu
d
in
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g
r
an
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m
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if
ap
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I
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th
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f
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g
(
o
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)
s
tatem
en
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if
th
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f
u
n
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v
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:
Au
th
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s
s
tate
n
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in
v
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M
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h
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u
r
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s
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th
e
C
o
n
tr
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u
to
r
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o
les
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ax
o
n
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y
(
C
R
ed
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to
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ize
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id
u
al
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th
o
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th
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r
s
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ip
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tes,
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ac
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R
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C
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p
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RE
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[
1
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.
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n
g
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C
a
i
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a
n
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o
f
tea
c
h
in
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
.
His
a
re
a
o
f
in
tere
st
is
sp
e
c
ial
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
s,
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter
d
e
si
g
n
,
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
its
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
p
a
n
d
ima
h
a
.
n
e
t@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Ro
h
in
i
G.
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
P
S
G
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
C
o
imb
a
to
re
in
1
9
9
2
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
M
.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
in
Ap
p
li
e
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
fro
m
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
A
n
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ch
e
n
n
a
i
i
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2
0
0
2
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
.
in
VLS
I
De
sig
n
a
n
d
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ti
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g
fro
m
C
o
ll
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g
e
o
f
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n
g
i
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rin
g
,
G
u
in
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y
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A
n
n
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Un
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,
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e
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n
a
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h
e
h
a
s
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we
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ty
-
fiv
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g
a
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strial
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p
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h
e
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a
c
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rp
o
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te
m
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m
b
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IET
E,
a
m
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m
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r
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EE
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a
n
d
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li
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m
e
m
b
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r
o
f
IS
TE
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r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
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lu
d
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VLS
I
De
sig
n
a
n
d
d
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g
n
f
o
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te
sta
b
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it
y
,
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
,
lo
w
-
p
o
we
r
VLS
I
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s,
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
fo
r
VLS
I
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
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i
m
a
g
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p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
I
o
T
,
a
n
d
e
m
b
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d
d
e
d
sy
ste
m
s
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ro
h
in
i
.
m
a
n
o
h
a
ra
n
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
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Dr
.
Ra
v
i
n
d
r
a
n
Ra
m
k
u
m
a
r
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
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rk
in
g
a
s
a
n
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ss
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t
p
r
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fe
ss
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r
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th
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p
a
rtme
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t
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f
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lec
tri
c
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l
a
n
d
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lec
tro
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ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Dh
a
n
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la
k
sh
m
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S
rin
iv
a
sa
n
U
n
iv
e
rsit
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Tri
c
h
y
.
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o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
An
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
(2
0
2
2
),
Ch
e
n
n
a
i.
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
M
.
E
.
at
S
e
th
u
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(2
0
1
2
),
M
a
d
u
ra
i.
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
B.
E.
in
K.
L.
N.
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
I
n
fo
r
m
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(2
0
0
8
)
,
M
a
d
u
ra
i.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
4
7
S
c
o
p
u
s
-
in
d
e
x
e
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
1
0
S
CI
jo
u
rn
a
ls
in
h
is
field
.
He
h
a
s
1
3
y
e
a
rs
o
f
tea
c
h
i
n
g
e
x
p
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rien
c
e
a
n
d
1
y
e
a
r
o
f
in
d
u
stri
a
l
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
in
tere
st
a
re
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
i
c
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
a
n
d
m
icr
o
g
ri
d
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
2
0
1
9
ra
m
k
r@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Dha
r
a
n
i
K
u
m
a
r
Na
r
n
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
B.
Tec
h
fro
m
Na
la
n
d
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Af
fil
iate
d
to
A
.
N.U,
An
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
i
n
2
0
0
8
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
M
.
Tec
h
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
s
fro
m
RVR&
JC
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
a
ffil
iate
d
t
o
AN
U
,
in
2
0
1
0
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.D
.
d
e
g
re
e
(
p
a
rt
-
ti
m
e
)
fro
m
A
n
n
a
m
a
lai
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ch
id
a
m
b
a
ra
m
,
In
d
ia
,
i
n
2
0
2
4
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
n
As
sista
n
t
P
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
at
RVR
a
n
d
JC
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
G
u
n
tu
r
,
An
d
h
ra
P
r
a
d
e
sh
,
In
d
ia.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
s,
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
,
p
o
we
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
p
o
we
r
g
ri
d
s,
p
o
we
r
su
p
p
ly
q
u
a
li
ty
,
a
n
d
po
we
r
tran
sm
issio
n
re
li
a
b
i
li
ty
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
d
h
a
ra
n
in
a
r
n
e
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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