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I
J
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)
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
26
,
p
p
.
2
4
0
5
~
2
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1
6
I
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v
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2405
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elm
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co
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I
NT
RO
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wh
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to
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y
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t
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m
s
(
E
SS
s
)
p
lay
a
ce
n
tr
al
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o
le.
Am
o
n
g
th
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av
ailab
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tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
lit
h
iu
m
-
io
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b
atter
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(
L
I
B
s
)
h
av
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o
m
in
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,
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o
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m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
E
Vs
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Desp
ite
th
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ad
v
an
tag
es,
L
I
B
S p
o
s
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s
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n
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f
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m
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s
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f
f
icien
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ex
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[
3
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.
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s
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x
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[
4
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.
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tech
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tr
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co
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itio
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
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8
8
-
8
7
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8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
26
:
2
4
0
5
-
2
4
1
6
2406
an
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if
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d
f
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y
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tem
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[
5
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.
T
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B
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Desp
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B
M
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[
6
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as
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litt
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tr
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r
ies
(
UL
)
is
o
n
e
of
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
el
y
u
s
ed
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
.
UL
1
6
4
2
[
7
]
co
n
tain
s
in
c
o
r
r
ec
t
test
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
lith
i
u
m
m
etal
an
d
L
I
B
s
,
esp
ec
ially
ab
-
n
o
r
m
al
ch
ar
g
e/d
is
ch
ar
g
e,
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it,
th
er
m
al
cy
clin
g
,
h
ea
tin
g
,
v
ib
r
atio
n
,
s
h
o
c
k
,
cr
u
s
h
,
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
im
u
latio
n
,
p
r
o
ject
ile/f
lam
e,
th
ese
test
s
allo
w
ce
lls
to
with
s
tan
d
ex
tr
em
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
o
u
t
ca
tast
r
o
p
h
ic
f
ailu
r
e.
UL
2580
[
8
]
ex
ten
d
s
its
p
o
r
tf
o
lio
to
th
e
EV
b
atter
y
an
d
ev
alu
ates
to
le
r
an
ce
to
ab
u
s
e
an
d
r
is
k
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
UL
2580
p
r
im
ar
il
y
ev
alu
ates
s
af
ety
asp
ec
ts
an
d
not
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
or
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
I
n
th
e
au
t
o
m
o
tiv
e
s
ec
-
to
r
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
af
ety
is
m
ain
ly
co
v
er
ed
b
y
I
SO
2
6
2
6
2
[
9
]
.
Def
in
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
f
o
r
s
af
ety
cr
itical
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wi
th
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
/
el
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
(
E
/E
)
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
Use
a
life
cy
cle
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
a
t
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
in
teg
r
ates
s
af
ety
asp
ec
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
itial
d
esig
n
p
h
ase
to
s
y
s
tem
s
h
u
td
o
wn
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
s
af
ety
ca
s
e
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
ev
er
al
co
r
e
e
lem
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
af
ety
g
o
a
l
s
(
SGs
)
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
af
ety
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
ts
(
FS
R
s
)
,
te
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
ts
(
T
SR
s
)
,
an
d
f
o
r
m
al
s
af
ety
co
n
tr
ac
ts
th
at
en
s
u
r
e
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
life
-
cy
cle
of
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
is
g
en
er
ally
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
h
ier
a
r
ch
i
ca
lly
,
with
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
s
af
ety
a
s
s
er
tio
n
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
r
ef
in
e
d
in
to
more
d
etailed
s
u
b
-
ass
er
tio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
FS
R
s
an
d
T
SR
s
,
ea
ch
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ev
id
e
n
ce
.
T
h
i
s
ev
id
en
ce
is
d
r
aw
n
f
r
o
m
an
al
y
tical
s
tu
d
ies,
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
s
,
s
y
s
tem
test
in
g
,
or
s
im
u
latio
n
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
e
v
alu
atio
n
of
p
o
ten
t
ial
h
az
ar
d
s
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
i
s
k
s
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
n
o
tati
o
n
(
GSN)
m
o
d
el
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
ese
s
af
ety
ar
g
u
m
en
t
s
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
s
.
Fo
r
a
d
etailed
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
its
s
y
n
tax
an
d
s
em
a
n
tics
,
r
ef
er
to
[
1
0
]
.
As
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
ab
le
1,
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
h
as
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
m
o
d
elin
g
th
e
r
m
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
a
n
d
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
m
eth
o
d
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
d
esig
n
p
h
ase.
Ho
wev
er
,
lim
ited
atten
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
aid
to
th
e
is
s
u
e
of
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
ese
two
asp
ec
ts
in
to
a
u
n
if
i
ed
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
aim
ed
at
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
s
af
ety
o
f
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
B
MS
f
o
r
E
Vs.
Desp
ite
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
a
d
o
p
tio
n
of
I
SO
2
6
2
6
2
f
o
r
s
af
ety
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
its
ap
p
licatio
n
to
L
I
B
s
y
s
tem
s
r
em
ain
s
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
el
y
u
n
d
e
r
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
i
te
r
a
t
u
r
e
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
,
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
i
o
n
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
a
s
s
u
r
a
n
c
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
B
MS
i
s
s
t
il
l
l
i
m
it
e
d
.
T
o
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
t
h
is
g
a
p
,
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
o
f
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
L
I
B
s
i
n
E
V
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies o
n
th
er
m
al
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
h
ea
t p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
in
L
I
B
s
R
e
f
.
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
M
a
i
n
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
Li
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
S
h
a
h
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
si
v
e
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
b
y
S
e
me
n
o
v
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
“
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
r
u
n
a
w
a
y
i
n
d
e
x
”
t
o
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
t
h
e
r
ma
l
i
n
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
;
e
x
p
e
r
i
me
n
t
a
l
l
y
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
d
Th
e
st
u
d
y
i
s
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
t
o
c
e
l
l
-
l
e
v
e
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
sy
st
e
m
-
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
Ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
mal
p
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
M
e
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
v
i
a
m
u
l
t
i
p
o
i
n
t
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
B
M
S
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s a
n
d
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
safet
y
a
r
e
n
o
t
c
o
n
si
d
e
r
e
d
A
v
c
h
e
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
M
a
t
h
e
ma
t
i
c
a
l
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
mo
d
e
l
i
n
g
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
v
a
r
i
o
u
s c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
N
o
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
s
a
f
e
t
y
p
r
o
c
e
sse
s
o
r
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
me
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
H
o
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
El
e
c
t
r
o
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
mal
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
r
u
n
a
w
a
y
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
e
of
h
e
a
l
t
h
(
S
o
H
)
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
t
i
o
n
d
u
e
t
o
o
v
e
r
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
safe
t
y
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
a
n
d
s
a
f
e
t
y
e
v
e
n
t
s
i
s
n
o
t
a
d
d
r
e
ss
e
d
B
i
ss
c
h
o
p
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
R
i
s
k
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
B
o
w
-
T
i
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
a
u
s
e
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
r
u
n
a
w
a
y
,
a
n
d
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
su
p
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
mea
su
r
e
s
Li
mi
t
e
d
t
o
r
i
s
k
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
B
M
S
M
a
r
c
o
s
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
I
S
O
2
6
2
6
2
-
b
a
s
e
d
d
e
si
g
n
met
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
D
e
r
i
v
e
d
safe
t
y
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
u
si
n
g
h
a
z
a
r
d
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
a
n
d
r
i
s
k
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
(
H
A
R
A
)
a
n
d
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
m
o
d
e
s,
e
f
f
e
c
t
s,
a
n
d
d
i
a
g
n
o
st
i
c
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
(
F
M
ED
A
)
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
l
o
w
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
i
e
s,
n
o
t
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
EV
s
y
st
e
ms
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
a
r
e
f
o
u
r
f
o
l
d
:
i
)
Def
in
iti
o
n
of
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
af
ety
p
r
o
c
ess
tailo
r
ed
to
EV
b
atter
y
s
y
s
tem
s
in
alig
n
m
en
t
with
I
SO
26262
;
ii
)
Fo
r
m
aliza
tio
n
of
s
af
ety
co
n
tr
ac
ts
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
g
u
ar
an
ties
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
atic
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
o
f
s
y
s
tem
b
eh
av
io
r
;
i
ii)
I
n
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
af
ety
ca
s
e
in
to
a
GSN
-
b
ased
s
af
et
y
ca
s
e
to
en
h
an
ce
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
b
etwe
en
s
af
ety
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ev
id
en
ce
;
a
n
d
i
v
)
Simu
latio
n
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
allo
win
g
th
e
ev
a
lu
atio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
es u
n
d
er
cr
itical
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
d
y
n
am
ic
u
p
d
ates o
f
t
h
e
s
af
ety
ca
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
u
n
ctio
n
a
l sa
fety
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
fo
r
th
erma
l ru
n
a
w
a
y
in
b
a
tter
y
…
(
N
o
u
h
a
ila
B
elma
j
d
o
u
b
)
2407
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
of
t
h
is
ar
ticle
a
r
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
l
lo
ws.
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
d
etai
ls
on
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
a
n
d
its
m
ain
asp
ec
ts
.
Secti
o
n
3
o
u
tlin
es
an
d
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
e
d
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
an
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
its
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
co
n
clu
d
es th
e
ar
ticle
an
d
o
u
tlin
es d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
an
o
u
t
l
i
n
e
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
is
b
a
s
e
d
on
t
h
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
l
if
e
-
cy
cle,
wh
ich
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
s
af
ety
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t.
First,
th
e
item
d
ef
in
iti
o
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
,
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
h
ig
h
-
le
v
el
B
MS
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
its
k
ey
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
s
ee
s
ec
t
io
n
2
.
1
.
)
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
HARA
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
2
.
.
HARA
r
esu
lts
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
FS
R
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
of
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
af
ety
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
(
F
SC
)
(
s
ee
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
3
.
)
.
T
h
en
,
T
SR
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
in
th
e
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
co
n
c
e
p
t
(
T
SC
)
to
s
p
ec
if
y
h
o
w
s
af
ety
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
lev
el
(
s
ee
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
4
.
)
.
In
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
5
.
,
cr
itical
elec
tr
ical
b
atter
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
r
elate
d
s
af
ety
l
im
its
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
lim
its
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
b
atter
y
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
a
n
d
c
h
em
is
tr
y
ar
e
estab
lis
h
ed
as
s
af
ety
co
n
tr
ac
ts
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
p
h
ase
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
d
y
n
am
ic
s
af
ety
as
s
u
r
an
ce
.
At
th
is
le
v
el,
th
e
B
MS
s
af
ety
co
n
ce
p
t
is
v
alid
ated
b
ased
on
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
wh
ich
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
its
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
e
n
ab
les
th
e
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
o
f
o
th
e
r
p
o
ten
tia
l
h
az
ar
d
s
or
f
au
lty
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
D
u
r
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
cr
itical
p
ar
am
eter
s
of
th
e
b
atter
y
ar
e
p
e
r
m
an
en
tly
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
d
etec
t
an
y
v
io
lat
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
af
ety
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
.
On
ce
v
io
latio
n
s
ar
e
d
etec
te
d
,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
af
ety
m
ea
s
u
r
es a
r
e
tak
en
,
lik
e
s
witch
in
g
to
a
s
af
e
s
tate
o
r
d
o
in
g
th
e
least r
is
k
y
m
an
e
u
v
er
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
s
af
ety
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
an
d
B
MS
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
elec
tr
ic
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
:
(
a)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
,
a
n
d
(
b
)
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
of
B
MS
in
E
V
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
26
:
2
4
0
5
-
2
4
1
6
2408
2
.
1
.
B
a
t
t
er
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
mo
d
e
l
A
LIB
co
n
s
is
t
s
of
in
d
iv
id
u
al
c
ells
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies,
in
p
ar
allel,
or
in
co
m
b
in
atio
n
to
f
o
r
m
m
o
d
u
les
an
d
p
ac
k
s
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
af
ety
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
L
I
B
s
r
elies
o
n
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
s
u
ch
as
cu
r
r
en
t,
v
o
ltag
e
,
an
d
tem
p
er
a
tu
r
e
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
of
th
e
B
MS
u
s
ed
in
E
Vs
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
B
MS
in
clu
d
e
s
k
ey
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
it
(
b
atter
y
p
a
ck
)
,
ce
ll
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
cir
cu
its
,
a
m
icr
o
co
n
t
r
o
ller
,
an
d
a
b
atter
y
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
s
witch
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
u
s
in
g
its
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
in
ter
f
ac
es,
it
in
ter
f
ac
es
with
o
th
er
v
eh
icle
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
s
u
ch
as
th
er
m
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t
(
h
ea
tin
g
an
d
co
o
lin
g
)
a
n
d
e
n
g
in
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l c
o
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
2
.
2
.
H
a
za
rd
a
na
ly
s
is
a
nd
ri
s
k
a
s
s
e
s
s
me
n
t
T
h
e
HARA
p
r
o
ce
s
s
id
en
tifie
s
an
d
class
if
ies
h
az
ar
d
s
at
th
e
v
eh
icle
lev
el
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
(
E
)
,
s
ev
er
ity
(
S
),
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
llab
ilit
y
(
C
).
Sy
s
tem
f
ea
tu
r
es
(
e.
g
.
,
th
er
m
al
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t,
ch
a
r
g
in
g
/d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
,
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
)
,
o
p
er
atin
g
s
itu
atio
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
d
r
iv
i
n
g
,
p
a
r
k
in
g
)
,
an
d
p
o
ten
tially
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
b
atter
y
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
h
ig
h
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
(
L
V)
)
ar
e
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ev
alu
ated
.
E
ac
h
h
az
a
r
d
o
u
s
ev
en
t
is
class
if
ied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
its
a
u
t
o
m
o
t
i
v
e
s
af
e
t
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
l
e
v
e
l
(
A
SIL
)
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
ASI
L
A
to
ASI
L
D.
Fo
r
h
az
ar
d
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
m
itig
ated
b
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
q
u
ality
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(
QM
)
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
[
2
1
]
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
an
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
HAR
A
w
ith
a
f
o
cu
s
on
th
er
m
al
r
u
n
-
awa
y
,
Haz
ar
d
o
u
s
ev
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
or
o
v
e
r
-
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
,
can
d
estab
ilize
th
e
b
atter
y
c
h
em
is
tr
y
an
d
m
ay
c
au
s
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
p
o
ten
tially
l
ea
d
to
th
er
m
al
r
u
n
awa
y
,
cr
e
a
tin
g
to
x
ic
g
ases
or
f
ir
es.
SGs
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
to
p
r
ev
en
t
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
ev
en
ts
or
m
itig
ate
th
eir
s
ev
er
ity
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
k
ey
SG
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
is
SG1
:
T
h
er
m
a
l
r
u
n
awa
y
th
at
c
o
u
ld
ca
u
s
e
a
f
ir
e
o
r
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
m
u
s
t b
e
p
r
e
v
en
ted
(
ASI
L
C
)
.
T
ab
le
2
.
E
x
tr
ac
tio
n
f
r
o
m
h
az
a
r
d
an
aly
s
is
an
d
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t (
HARA)
o
f
th
er
m
al
r
u
n
awa
y
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
ev
en
ts
H
a
z
a
r
d
ID
I
t
e
m
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
H
a
z
a
r
d
o
u
s
Ev
e
n
t
(
V
e
h
i
c
l
e
L
e
v
e
l
)
Ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
S
e
v
e
r
i
t
y
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
A
S
I
L
HZ
-
01
Th
e
r
m
a
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
H
i
g
h
-
sp
e
e
d
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
o
n
h
i
g
h
w
a
y
(
>
9
0
k
m/
h
)
o
r
r
u
r
a
l
r
o
a
d
E
x
c
e
s
s
i
v
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
c
a
u
s
e
d
b
y
h
i
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QM
2
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3
.
F
un
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In
th
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FS
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2
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T
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[
9
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Key
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r
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B
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F
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FS
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T
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to
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p
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ca
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by
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FS
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to
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d
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.
2
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4
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T
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ncept
T
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e
T
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to
r
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in
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t
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FSC
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SR
s
with
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tify
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.
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d
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at
all
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u
b
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tem
s
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tiv
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im
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a
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an
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(
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T
m
i
n
>
1
0
°
C
a
n
d
T
m
ax
<
4
5
°
C
G
1
:
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
s
n
o
r
ma
l
l
y
a
n
d
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
r
e
m
a
i
n
s s
a
f
e
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
A
2
:
4
5
°
C
≤
T
m
ax
<
5
5
°
C
G
2
:
I
ssu
e
w
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
n
t
e
r
d
e
g
r
a
d
e
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
o
d
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
2
0
0
ms
.
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
A
3
:
5
5
°
C
≤
T
m
ax
<
6
0
°
C
G
3
:
D
i
sc
o
n
n
e
c
t
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
w
i
t
h
i
n
2
0
0
ms
a
n
d
s
t
o
p
e
n
e
r
g
y
su
p
p
l
y
w
i
t
h
i
n
1
0
s
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
A
4
:
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
≤
8
3
0
V
G
4
:
W
a
r
n
t
h
e
d
r
i
v
e
r
a
n
d
d
i
sc
o
n
n
e
c
t
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
f
r
o
m f
u
r
t
h
e
r
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
A
5
:
D
i
sc
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
≥
6
1
0
V
G
5
:
Tr
a
n
si
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
t
o
a
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
safe
st
a
t
e
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
A
6
:
M
a
x
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
≥
3
0
0
k
W
G
6
:
Tr
a
n
si
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
t
o
a
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
safe
st
a
t
e
.
I
f
th
e
b
atter
y
f
ails
to
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t
with
in
1
0
s
at
th
is
p
o
in
t,
s
af
e
o
p
er
atio
n
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
g
u
ar
an
teed
,
wh
ich
m
ay
r
esu
lt
in
a
f
ir
e.
Si
m
ilar
s
af
ety
co
n
tr
ac
ts
ar
e
estab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
o
th
e
r
cr
itical
lim
it
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
o
v
er
-
cu
r
r
en
t,
V
min
,
V
max
,
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
k
ey
o
p
er
atin
g
m
etr
ics
ar
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
an
d
m
itig
ate
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
af
ety
.
T
o
v
alid
ate
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
af
ety
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
,
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
s
af
ety
ca
s
e
u
s
in
g
GSN
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3.
T
h
e
to
p
-
le
v
el
G1
g
o
al
ai
m
s
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
t
h
er
m
al
r
u
n
awa
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
ASI
L
C
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
I
t
is
b
r
o
k
en
d
o
wn
in
to
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
G2
,
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
tr
o
l
G3
,
a
n
d
m
itig
atio
n
v
ia
s
af
e
s
y
s
tem
s
tates
G4
.
E
ac
h
s
u
b
-
g
o
al
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
by
ev
id
en
c
e
s
u
ch
as
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
a
ctiv
atio
n
of
th
er
m
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
an
d
p
r
o
tectiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
s
u
ch
as
d
is
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
co
n
tacto
r
s
.
A
G5
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ass
u
r
an
ce
lay
er
en
ab
les
th
e
u
p
d
atin
g
of
s
af
ety
co
n
tr
ac
ts
an
d
th
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
of
th
e
s
af
ety
ca
s
e
b
ased
on
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
ad
d
r
ess
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
d
ev
iatio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
G
6
f
o
r
th
e
t
r
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
lay
er
lin
k
s
s
af
ety
o
b
je
ctiv
es
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
an
d
tech
n
ical
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
as
well
as
to
ev
id
en
ce
f
r
o
m
s
im
u
latio
n
,
th
u
s
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
r
ea
s
o
n
i
n
g
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
an
d
alig
n
s
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
w
ith
I
SO
2
6
2
6
2
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
an
d
v
er
if
iab
le
s
af
e
ty
ass
u
r
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
3.
GSN
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
er
m
al
r
u
n
a
w
a
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
26
:
2
4
0
5
-
2
4
1
6
2412
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
af
et
y
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
s
im
u
lat
io
n
s
u
n
d
er
ty
p
ical
ch
ar
g
in
g
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ch
a
r
g
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
-
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
-
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
CC
-
CV
)
s
tr
ateg
y
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
,
in
th
e
in
itial
s
tag
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
em
ain
s
s
tab
le
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
380
A,
wh
ich
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
er
m
is
s
ib
le
lo
ad
lev
el.
A
s
t
h
e
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
th
e
u
p
p
er
th
r
esh
o
l
d
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
witch
es
to
C
V
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
r
a
p
id
ly
an
d
g
r
ad
u
all
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ze
r
o
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
v
iew
o
f
s
af
ety
,
th
is
co
n
t
r
o
lled
cu
r
r
en
t
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
p
lay
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
lim
itin
g
h
ea
t
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
a
v
o
id
in
g
o
v
er
-
c
h
ar
g
in
g
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
,
esp
ec
ially
u
n
d
e
r
h
i
g
h
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
,
th
e
t
h
er
m
al
r
ea
ctio
n
of
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
of
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
af
ety
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
T
h
e
in
itial
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
is
clo
s
e
to
2
5
°C
,
th
e
b
atter
y
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
g
r
ad
u
all
y
in
cr
ea
s
es
d
u
e
to
elec
tr
o
ch
em
ical
ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
W
h
en
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
in
itial
s
af
ety
th
r
esh
o
ld
of
45
°C
,
th
e
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
is
a
u
to
m
atica
lly
ac
tiv
ated
to
in
d
i
ca
te
th
at
th
e
s
af
ety
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
b
ei
n
g
ap
p
lied
co
r
r
ec
tly
.
Un
d
er
h
a
r
s
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
co
n
ti
n
u
es
to
r
is
e
in
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
c
r
itical
zo
n
e
,
b
u
t
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
s
af
ety
lim
it
o
f
6
0
°C
is
r
ea
c
h
ed
,
th
e
B
MS
tr
ig
g
er
s
a
p
r
o
tectiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
by
o
p
e
n
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
tact
o
r
.
T
h
is
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
cc
u
r
s
with
a
laten
cy
of
less
th
an
2
0
0
m
s
an
d
m
ee
ts
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
tr
ac
t.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
can
d
etec
t
an
d
m
itig
ate
th
er
m
al
an
o
m
alies
at
an
ea
r
ly
s
tag
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
p
r
ev
e
n
t
th
er
m
al
f
ailu
r
es
b
y
not
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ex
ce
ed
a
n
ce
a
b
o
v
e
th
e
c
r
itical
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
Vo
lt
ag
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
o
r
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
of
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
of
th
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
,
th
e
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
r
is
es
s
tead
ily
d
u
r
in
g
ch
ar
g
in
g
,
r
ea
ch
in
g
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
8
3
7
V,
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ac
tu
al
s
af
ety
lim
it o
f
8
3
0
V.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4.
M
o
n
ito
r
in
g
of
b
atter
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
(
a)
b
atter
y
cu
r
r
en
t
d
u
r
in
g
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
(
b
)
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
o
v
e
r
-
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
of
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
o
p
er
at
in
g
p
h
a
s
e
s
(
a)
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
in
g
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
(
b
)
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
d
u
r
in
g
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
In
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
b
eh
av
io
r
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
in
d
icate
s
s
tab
le
o
p
e
r
atio
n
of
th
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
em
ain
s
with
in
th
e
p
er
m
itt
ed
r
an
g
e
an
d
is
n
o
t
b
elo
w
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
th
r
esh
o
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ter
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ig
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e
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y
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r
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at
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I
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8
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To
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MS
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ased
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n
t
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v
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ws
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
F
i
g
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r
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6
(
a
)
s
h
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:
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t
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F
i
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6
(
b
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.
T
ab
le
7
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
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e
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f
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m
an
ce
o
f
B
MS
s
af
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ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
26]
M
e
t
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d
F
TTI
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u
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6.
B
atter
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d
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L
test
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s
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n
d
(
b
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HI
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test
in
g
f
l
o
w
c
h
a
r
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
26
:
2
4
0
5
-
2
4
1
6
2414
T
h
e
HI
L
test
m
et
h
o
d
co
n
s
i
s
ts
of
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
b
atter
y
m
o
d
els,
in
teg
r
atin
g
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tr
ical
th
er
m
o
d
y
n
am
ics,
a
r
ea
l
B
MS
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
an
d
f
ailu
r
e
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
.
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n
t
h
is
co
n
f
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g
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r
atio
n
,
th
e
m
o
d
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is
d
e
p
lo
y
ed
in
a
r
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l
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tim
e
s
im
u
lato
r
,
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n
d
th
e
B
MS
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
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ce
s
s
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s
en
s
o
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s
ig
n
als
(
v
o
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e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
a
n
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e)
an
d
cr
ea
tes
co
n
tr
o
ls
an
d
s
af
ety
m
ea
s
u
r
es
u
n
d
er
r
ea
lis
tic
tim
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
au
lt
in
jecti
o
n
is
in
teg
r
ated
to
em
u
late
cr
itical
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
ac
ce
ler
ate
d
a
g
in
g
,
s
en
s
o
r
b
ias,
o
r
o
v
e
r
h
ea
tin
g
ev
e
n
ts
to
ev
al
u
ate
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
af
ety
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
,
is
o
l
atio
n
,
an
d
FTT
I
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lar
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
of
th
e
f
r
am
e
also
f
ac
ilit
ates
s
ca
lab
ili
ty
of
th
e
en
tire
b
atter
y
p
ac
k
an
d
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
t
o
th
e
E
V
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
allo
win
g
f
u
tu
r
e
v
alid
atio
n
in
to
em
b
ed
d
ed
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
r
ea
l E
V
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
WO
RK
T
h
is
wo
r
k
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
af
ety
o
f
b
atter
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
in
E
V
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
I
SO
2
6
2
6
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
clu
d
es
s
af
ety
V
cy
cle
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
s
y
s
te
m
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
cy
of
t
h
e
f
r
am
e
in
d
etec
tin
g
a
n
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
cr
itica
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
o
v
er
-
h
ea
t
in
g
,
o
v
er
-
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
o
v
e
r
-
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
es
f
ast
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
es
a
n
d
m
ai
n
tain
s
o
p
er
atio
n
with
in
s
af
ety
lim
its
,
wh
ile
s
af
ety
ca
s
es
ar
e
d
y
n
am
ically
u
p
d
ated
wh
e
n
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
o
c
cu
r
.
C
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
f
f
er
s
b
etter
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
,
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
tr
ac
e
-
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
at
io
n
o
f
s
af
ety
co
n
tr
ac
ts
in
cr
e
ases
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
s
y
s
tem
s
af
ety
.
I
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
,
wo
r
k
will
b
e
d
ev
o
ted
to
ex
ten
d
in
g
v
alid
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
HI
L
t
esti
n
g
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
a
d
ap
tiv
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
to
tak
e
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
b
atter
y
a
g
in
g
an
d
ch
an
g
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
RM
AT
I
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
no
f
u
n
d
in
g
was
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
o
r
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
R
I
B
U
T
I
O
NS
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
No
u
h
aila
B
elm
ajd
o
u
b
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
R
ac
h
id
L
ajo
u
ad
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
A
b
d
e
l
m
o
u
n
i
m
e
E
l
M
a
g
r
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
So
u
k
ain
a
B
o
u
d
o
u
d
o
u
h
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
OF
I
N
T
E
RE
S
T
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
no
co
n
f
licts
of
in
ter
est
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
of
th
is
m
a
n
u
s
c
r
i
p
t
.
D
A
T
A
AVAIL
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
atasets
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
co
d
es
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
a
u
th
o
r
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
eq
u
est.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
W
i
e
d
e
n
ma
n
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
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b
a
t
t
e
r
y
s
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
a
Te
sl
a
mo
d
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l
Y
:
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a
c
k
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g
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f
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n
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y
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n
a
l
y
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s,”
e
T
ra
n
sp
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t
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v
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.
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.
[
2
]
M
.
C
h
a
n
d
r
a
,
P
.
B
u
s
c
h
,
F
.
P
a
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s
O
l
g
u
í
n
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.
T
a
l
,
“
P
a
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f
p
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s
s:
F
o
r
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c
a
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n
g
g
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c
t
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a
mi
d
st
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p
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h
,
”
T
ra
n
sp
o
rt
a
t
i
o
n
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
P
a
rt
D
:
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r
a
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p
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rt
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/
j
.
t
r
d
.
2
0
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5
.
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0
4
9
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8
.
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