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16
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Octo
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20
26
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2
5
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4
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2559
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Mo
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2
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[
6
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.
I
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s
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:
a
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d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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8
8
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8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
26
:
2
5
5
9
-
2
5
7
4
2560
with
a
f
ew
t
h
o
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s
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r
a
d
e
m
o
r
e
th
an
ed
g
e
ch
a
n
n
els
b
ec
a
u
s
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
cr
o
s
s
talk
r
ea
ch
es
th
em
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
s
id
es,
is
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
n
o
te
d
in
p
ass
in
g
b
u
t
r
ar
ely
q
u
a
n
tifie
d
a
g
ain
s
t
a
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
th
at
s
ep
ar
ates
it
f
r
o
m
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
f
ib
r
e
r
ea
c
h
.
T
h
ir
d
,
lau
n
ch
p
o
wer
is
u
s
u
ally
tr
ea
ted
as
a
f
ix
ed
d
esig
n
ch
o
ice
r
ath
er
th
an
as
a
v
ar
iab
le
w
h
o
s
e
u
s
ab
le
r
an
g
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
es
tab
lis
h
ed
,
ev
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
am
p
lifie
r
o
p
e
r
atio
n
a
n
d
f
ib
r
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
p
lace
s
a
h
ar
d
ce
ilin
g
o
n
it.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
o
s
e
th
r
ee
g
ap
s
f
o
r
an
eig
h
t
-
ch
a
n
n
el
C
-
b
an
d
W
DM
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
lin
k
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
-
city
I
o
T
ac
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
lin
k
is
m
o
d
elled
in
Op
tiS
y
s
te
m
o
v
er
2
5
k
m
o
f
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
i
b
r
e
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
ac
r
o
s
s
th
ir
ty
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t r
ep
licatio
n
s
,
g
i
v
in
g
2
4
0
p
er
-
ch
a
n
n
el
Q
-
f
ac
t
o
r
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
r
ath
er
th
a
n
a
s
in
g
le
r
u
n
.
A
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
ea
ch
r
ef
er
en
ce
at
1
k
m
s
ep
a
r
ates
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
f
ib
r
e
r
e
ac
h
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
ch
an
n
el
p
ac
k
in
g
,
a
lau
n
ch
-
p
o
wer
s
wee
p
estab
lis
h
es
th
e
u
s
ab
le
ce
ilin
g
o
f
th
e
lin
k
,
a
n
d
a
s
ep
ar
ate
a
m
p
lifie
r
ex
p
er
im
en
t
is
o
lates
th
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
o
f
s
ig
n
al
lev
el
f
r
o
m
an
y
g
ain
in
s
ig
n
a
l
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
.
T
h
e
wir
eless
ac
ce
s
s
s
eg
m
en
t
th
at
wo
u
ld
ter
m
in
ate
ea
c
h
o
p
tica
l
n
etwo
r
k
u
n
it,
an
d
t
h
e
jo
i
n
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
r
aised
b
y
th
eir
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
,
a
r
e
d
elib
er
ately
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t p
ap
er
a
n
d
a
r
e
id
en
tifie
d
as f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
.
C
o
n
cr
etely
,
th
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
th
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l a
n
d
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
th
ey
y
ield
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
a.
A
Mo
n
te
-
C
ar
lo
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izati
o
n
o
f
th
e
eig
h
t
-
c
h
an
n
el
lin
k
a
t
2
5
k
m
o
v
er
th
ir
ty
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
r
ep
licatio
n
s
,
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
th
e
p
er
-
c
h
an
n
el
m
e
an
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
,
9
5
%
c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
in
ter
v
al,
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ex
tr
em
es
o
f
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
r
ath
e
r
th
an
a
s
in
g
le
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
v
alu
e,
s
o
th
at
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
a
r
g
in
ab
o
v
e
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
th
r
esh
o
l
d
ca
n
b
e
ju
d
g
ed
d
i
r
ec
tly
.
b.
A
q
u
an
titativ
e
ac
co
u
n
t
o
f
th
e
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
g
r
id
,
s
ep
ar
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
f
ib
r
e
r
ea
ch
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
eig
h
t
-
c
h
an
n
el
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
e
ac
h
r
ef
er
en
ce
at
1
k
m
,
to
g
eth
er
with
d
ir
ec
t
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
ch
r
o
m
atic
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
in
th
e
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
d
ec
is
io
n
i
n
s
tan
t
o
n
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
ch
an
n
el
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
c.
A
lau
n
ch
-
p
o
wer
s
wee
p
th
at
lo
ca
tes
th
e
u
s
ab
le
ce
ilin
g
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
elled
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
b
e
twee
n
1
0
an
d
1
3
d
B
m
,
a
d
elib
er
ately
h
i
g
h
-
p
o
w
er
s
tr
ess
co
n
d
itio
n
r
ath
er
t
h
an
a
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
o
p
er
atin
g
lev
el,
an
d
id
en
tifie
s
in
ter
-
ch
an
n
el
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
as
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
th
e
co
llap
s
e
b
y
co
n
tr
ast
with
a
s
in
g
le
-
ch
an
n
el
s
wee
p
o
n
wh
ich
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
o
wer
in
s
tea
d
im
p
r
o
v
es th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
.
d.
An
am
p
lifie
r
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
th
at
s
ep
ar
ates
th
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
o
f
a
b
s
o
lu
te
s
ig
n
al
lev
el
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
g
ain
in
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
,
a
d
is
tin
ctio
n
th
at
d
esig
n
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
b
lu
r
.
e.
A
co
n
tr
o
l
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
in
wh
i
ch
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
f
ib
r
e
m
o
d
el
a
r
e
d
is
ab
led
wh
ile
ev
er
y
o
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
is
h
eld
f
ix
e
d
,
wh
ic
h
estab
lis
h
es
th
at
th
e
ed
g
e
-
to
-
in
ter
io
r
asy
m
m
etr
y
is
n
o
n
lin
e
ar
in
o
r
ig
in
a
n
d
,
co
m
b
in
ed
with
th
e
f
o
u
r
-
wav
e
-
m
ix
in
g
p
h
ase
-
m
is
m
atch
co
n
d
i
tio
n
o
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
ib
r
e,
id
e
n
tifie
s
cr
o
s
s
-
p
h
ase
m
o
d
u
latio
n
r
ath
e
r
th
an
f
o
u
r
-
wav
e
m
ix
in
g
as th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
wo
r
k
is
p
r
ac
tical.
A
n
etwo
r
k
p
lan
n
er
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
in
g
W
DM
o
p
tical
ac
ce
s
s
f
o
r
a
d
en
s
e
I
o
T
d
e
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
n
ee
d
s
to
k
n
o
w
n
o
t
o
n
ly
t
h
at
a
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
wo
r
k
s
,
b
u
t
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
m
ar
g
in
it
h
o
ld
s
,
wh
ich
ch
an
n
els
s
it
clo
s
est
to
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
,
a
n
d
h
o
w
f
a
r
th
e
lau
n
ch
p
o
wer
ca
n
b
e
p
u
s
h
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
lin
k
f
ails
.
E
ac
h
o
f
t
h
o
s
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
is
an
s
wer
ed
h
er
e
f
r
o
m
s
im
u
latio
n
r
a
th
er
th
an
f
r
o
m
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
d
er
o
f
th
e
p
a
p
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws.
Sectio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
lin
k
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
m
etr
ics.
Sectio
n
3
d
etails
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Sectio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es a
n
d
o
u
tlin
es d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
wo
r
k
.
I
n
ter
est
in
W
DM
-
b
ased
o
p
tic
al
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
d
e
n
s
e
ac
ce
s
s
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
h
as
g
r
o
wn
co
n
s
i
d
er
ab
ly
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iew
b
elo
w
co
v
e
r
s
two
ar
ea
s
:
W
DM
-
b
ased
o
p
tical
ac
ce
s
s
ar
c
h
itectu
r
es,
an
d
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
-
lay
er
im
p
ai
r
m
en
ts
an
d
d
esig
n
ch
o
ices th
at
d
eter
m
in
e
h
o
w
f
ar
s
u
c
h
an
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
ca
n
b
e
p
u
s
h
ed
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
th
e
h
is
to
r
ical
t
r
ajec
to
r
y
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
b
y
L
im
et
a
l.
[
6
]
a
n
d
th
e
ar
c
h
itectu
r
al
m
ap
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
b
y
Fil
g
u
eir
as
et
a
l.
[
4
]
,
r
ec
e
n
t
W
DM
-
PON
an
d
r
ad
i
o
-
o
v
er
-
f
ib
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
-
lay
er
d
esig
n
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
ed
ac
ce
s
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Ku
m
ar
i
[
3
]
d
esig
n
ed
a
f
ib
r
e
-
wir
el
ess
ac
ce
s
s
n
etwo
r
k
b
ased
o
n
a
h
y
b
r
id
1
6
×1
0
Gb
p
s
T
W
DM
/D
W
DM
Su
p
er
-
PON
with
a
2
0
4
8
-
wa
y
s
p
lit,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
s
u
s
tain
s
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
at
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
s
p
lit
r
atio
s
;
th
e
p
er
-
ch
an
n
el
f
ig
u
r
es
ar
e
n
ev
er
th
eless
p
o
in
t
esti
m
ates
f
r
o
m
s
in
g
le
r
u
n
s
,
an
d
th
eir
r
ep
licatio
n
v
ar
i
ab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ized
.
V
er
m
a
an
d
Gar
g
[
7
]
ex
am
in
ed
W
DM
-
PON
f
o
r
FTT
H
co
v
er
ag
e
u
s
in
g
Op
tiS
y
s
tem
an
d
r
ep
o
r
ted
ag
g
r
eg
ate
r
at
es
u
p
to
3
2
0
Gb
p
s
ac
r
o
s
s
eig
h
t
ch
an
n
els
at
3
0
k
m
.
W
o
r
k
in
g
at
t
h
e
s
am
e
ch
an
n
el
co
u
n
t,
J
alal
an
d
Al
-
Ma
q
d
i
ci
[
8
]
ev
al
u
ated
a
n
eig
h
t
-
p
o
r
t
W
DM
-
PON
wi
th
v
er
tical
-
ca
v
ity
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
em
itti
n
g
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
-
wav
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
e
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a
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2561
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esu
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f
ac
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ea
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ag
ain
f
r
o
m
s
in
g
le
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
r
u
n
s
.
Ku
m
ar
i
et
a
l.
[
5
]
an
aly
s
ed
a
3
2
-
ch
an
n
el
W
DM
r
ad
io
-
o
v
er
-
f
ib
r
e
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
Yan
g
et
a
l.
[
9
]
in
v
esti
g
ated
a
m
u
lti
-
b
an
d
an
al
o
g
r
ad
io
-
o
v
er
-
f
ib
r
e
f
r
o
n
th
a
u
l in
teg
r
atin
g
p
o
s
itio
n
i
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g
,
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
.
M.
Ku
m
ar
i a
n
d
Ar
y
a
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
ex
ten
d
ed
t
h
is
lin
e
with
m
o
d
e
-
d
i
v
is
io
n
-
m
u
ltip
le
x
ed
XG
-
PON/FS
O
an
d
wh
ee
l
-
b
ased
h
y
b
r
id
MD
M
-
NG
PON/F
SO
s
y
s
tem
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
L
am
b
a
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
co
m
b
in
ed
p
o
lar
izatio
n
m
u
lti
p
lex
in
g
with
an
o
p
tical
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
m
b
s
o
u
r
ce
t
o
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
f
ib
r
e
an
d
wir
eless
s
eg
m
en
ts
o
f
a
W
DM
-
PON.
C
o
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
s
tu
d
ies
estab
lis
h
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
en
v
elo
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
Ham
a
d
o
u
c
h
e
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
q
u
an
tifie
d
th
e
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
W
DM
/TD
M
PON
s
with
1
2
8
ONU
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
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g
a
u
s
ef
u
l
b
aselin
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f
o
r
ca
p
ac
ity
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er
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er
,
alth
o
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g
h
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
is
co
n
f
in
ed
to
s
tead
y
-
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
ian
g
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
T
W
DM
-
PON
r
es
o
u
r
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
o
n
in
teg
e
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
.
E
l
-
Nah
al
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
d
esig
n
ed
a
b
id
i
r
ec
tio
n
a
l
W
DM
-
PO
N/FS
O
f
r
o
n
th
au
l
an
d
d
em
o
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s
tr
ated
an
ag
g
r
eg
ate
ca
p
ac
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o
f
3
2
0
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p
s
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2
0
k
m
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
ib
r
e.
L
u
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
W
DM
-
b
ased
o
p
tical
wir
eless
s
y
s
tem
with
ca
s
ca
d
ed
r
ef
lectiv
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
o
p
tical
am
p
lifie
r
s
,
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
f
aith
f
u
l
s
ig
n
al
r
em
o
d
u
latio
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,
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
-
am
p
lifie
r
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
co
u
ld
r
aise
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
at
v
er
y
lar
g
e
d
ep
lo
y
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en
ts
.
Acr
o
s
s
th
is
s
tr
an
d
th
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wo
r
k
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em
p
ir
ically
r
ich
at
th
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p
h
y
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ical
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b
u
t
th
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
p
er
-
ch
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n
el
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e
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av
io
u
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o
t r
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ed
s
tatis
tically
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T
h
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im
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air
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ts
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at
lim
it
a
d
en
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ely
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k
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C
-
b
a
n
d
g
r
id
a
r
e
well
id
en
tifie
d
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
.
Xu
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
a
n
aly
s
ed
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
s
tim
u
lated
R
am
an
s
ca
tter
in
g
o
n
W
DM
-
PON
f
r
o
n
th
au
l
an
d
r
e
v
ea
led
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
p
o
wer
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
ch
a
n
n
els,
a
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
f
r
e
q
u
en
tl
y
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
at
th
e
d
esig
n
s
tag
e.
Ver
m
a
an
d
Gar
g
[
1
8
]
ex
am
in
e
d
a
r
ec
eiv
e
r
-
s
id
e
W
DM
-
PON
d
esig
n
u
n
d
e
r
NR
Z
m
o
d
u
latio
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an
d
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
it
-
er
r
o
r
-
r
ate,
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
an
d
ey
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-
h
eig
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t
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esu
lt
s
ac
r
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s
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r
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o
f
4
0
to
7
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k
m
at
1
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0
GHz
ch
an
n
el
s
p
ac
in
g
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a
u
s
ef
u
l
p
h
y
s
ical
-
lay
er
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
;
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
m
at
is
n
ev
e
r
th
eless
tr
ea
ted
th
er
e
as
a
f
ix
ed
d
esig
n
ch
o
ice
r
ath
er
th
an
as
a
v
ar
iab
le
to
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
.
R
ai
an
d
Gar
g
[
1
9
]
r
ev
iewe
d
d
ee
p
-
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
W
DM
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
n
o
ted
th
at
tr
ain
in
g
-
d
ata
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
s
lim
it
th
eir
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
o
p
er
ato
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
r
elativ
e
to
d
ir
ec
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
.
L
o
r
in
cz
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
s
u
r
v
e
y
ed
en
e
r
g
y
-
s
av
i
n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
ac
r
o
s
s
f
ib
r
e
-
wir
eless
ac
ce
s
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
em
p
h
asized
th
at
th
e
lau
n
ch
-
p
o
wer
s
ettin
g
c
o
u
p
les
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
to
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
two
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
c
h
o
s
en
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
ly
.
W
h
at
is
m
is
s
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
th
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
is
n
o
t
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
b
u
t
a
q
u
an
tific
a
tio
n
o
f
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o
w
m
u
c
h
m
ar
g
i
n
a
g
iv
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co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
ac
tu
ally
h
o
ld
s
ag
ain
s
t th
em
.
R
e
a
d
t
o
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r
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t
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p
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c
u
r
r
e
n
t
10
nA
P
o
st
-
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
f
i
l
t
e
r
Lo
w
-
p
a
ss
B
e
ss
e
l
—
P
o
st
-
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
0
.
7
5
×
b
i
t
r
a
t
e
(
7
.
5
G
H
z
)
—
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
llo
w
s
tan
d
ar
d
C
-
b
an
d
o
p
er
a
tio
n
o
f
a
W
DM
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
lin
k
at
m
etr
o
p
o
litan
r
ea
c
h
,
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
v
alu
es
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
s
tu
d
ies
[
3
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
an
d
with
th
e
XG
-
PON
class
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
at
io
n
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
ib
r
e
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
ib
r
e
with
an
atten
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atio
n
o
f
0
.
2
d
B
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m
,
g
iv
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n
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a
to
tal
s
p
an
lo
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o
f
5
d
B
o
v
er
2
5
k
m
.
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o
t
h
o
p
tical
a
m
p
lifie
r
s
ar
e
co
n
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i
g
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p
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n
n
el
ty
p
ical
o
f
a
d
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ac
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s
s
lin
k
.
T
h
e
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t
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At
th
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els
s
tim
u
lat
ed
B
r
illo
u
in
s
ca
tter
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ld
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e
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f
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r
th
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
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in
a
r
ea
l
f
ib
r
e;
it
is
n
o
t
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
h
er
e,
an
d
its
o
m
is
s
io
n
is
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
am
o
n
g
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
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s
eq
u
en
ce
s
o
f
b
o
th
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
r
ev
is
ited
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
7
.
T
h
e
f
u
ll
s
et
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
is
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
s
o
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
ar
e
th
o
s
e
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
ib
r
e
as
s
u
p
p
lied
in
th
e
Op
tiS
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
lib
r
ar
y
an
d
wer
e
n
o
t
m
o
d
if
ied
.
Pro
p
a
g
atio
n
is
s
o
lv
ed
with
th
e
d
ef
au
lt
s
p
lit
-
s
tep
m
eth
o
d
o
f
t
h
e
f
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co
m
p
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t,
with
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e
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ize
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et
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y
th
e
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ax
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p
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ase
-
s
h
if
t c
r
iter
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n
o
f
th
at
m
o
d
el.
2
.
2
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n m
et
rics
T
h
e
lin
k
is
ev
alu
ated
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
an
titi
es
th
at
th
e
b
it
-
er
r
o
r
-
r
ate
an
aly
s
er
r
ep
o
r
ts
d
ir
ec
tly
at
ea
ch
W
DM
r
ec
eiv
er
:
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
,
t
h
e
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate,
th
e
e
y
e
h
eig
h
t,
an
d
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
in
s
tan
t.
T
h
e
Q
-
f
a
cto
r
is
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
m
etr
ic,
b
ein
g
th
e
q
u
an
tity
ag
ain
s
t
wh
ich
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
th
r
esh
o
ld
is
s
et;
th
e
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
f
o
llo
ws
f
r
o
m
it
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
Gau
s
s
ian
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
to
th
e
am
p
lifie
d
-
s
p
o
n
tan
e
o
u
s
-
em
is
s
io
n
an
d
th
er
m
al
-
n
o
is
e
s
tatis
t
ics
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
e
n
t
[
3
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
er
e
is
th
e
v
a
lu
e
r
etu
r
n
ed
b
y
th
e
an
aly
s
er
f
r
o
m
th
is
Gau
s
s
ian
m
o
d
el,
an
d
th
e
v
er
y
lo
w
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ates
th
at
f
o
llo
w
f
r
o
m
it
ar
e
m
o
d
el
ex
tr
ap
o
latio
n
s
r
ath
er
th
a
n
d
ir
ec
tly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
er
r
o
r
co
u
n
ts
;
th
e
1
2
8
-
b
it
s
eq
u
en
ce
ca
n
n
o
t
its
elf
esti
m
ate
er
r
o
r
r
ates
at
th
o
s
e
lev
els.
T
h
e
Gau
s
s
ian
m
ap
p
in
g
is
least
r
eliab
le
i
n
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
eg
im
e
wh
er
e
t
h
e
ey
e
is
d
is
to
r
ted
r
ath
er
th
an
m
er
ely
n
o
is
y
,
s
o
Q
i
s
u
s
ed
h
er
e
as
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
cr
iter
io
n
ac
r
o
s
s
ch
an
n
els
an
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
r
ath
e
r
th
an
as
a
r
o
u
te
to
an
ab
s
o
l
u
te
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate.
T
h
e
ey
e
h
eig
h
t
an
d
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
in
s
tan
t
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
ey
ca
r
r
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
al
o
n
e
d
o
es
n
o
t:
th
e
ey
e
h
eig
h
t
tr
ac
k
s
th
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
s
ig
n
al
lev
el,
wh
ich
am
p
lific
atio
n
c
h
an
g
es
an
d
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
d
o
es
n
o
t,
an
d
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
i
n
s
tan
t
tr
ac
k
s
th
e
tem
p
o
r
al
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
t
h
e
ey
e,
w
h
ich
ch
r
o
m
atic
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
d
is
p
lace
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
Gau
s
s
ian
r
elatio
n
is
m
o
n
o
to
n
e
,
a
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
an
d
th
e
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
it
co
n
v
ey
eq
u
iv
alen
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
th
e
latter
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
e
r
e
o
n
ly
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
ity
with
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
W
DM
-
PON
liter
atu
r
e.
At
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
t
o
r
s
r
ea
ch
ed
in
th
e
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
th
at
r
elatio
n
ex
tr
ap
o
lates
to
v
alu
es
s
o
f
ar
in
t
o
th
e
tail
th
at
n
o
er
r
o
r
wo
u
ld
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
with
in
a
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
win
d
o
w
o
f
an
y
p
r
ac
tical
len
g
th
,
an
d
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
its
elf
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
r
eliab
le
th
er
e;
s
u
ch
ca
s
es
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
as
b
ein
g
b
elo
w
1
0
⁻¹⁵
an
d
tr
ea
ted
as e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
er
r
o
r
-
f
r
ee
r
ath
er
th
an
q
u
o
ted
as a
n
u
m
b
er
.
T
h
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
cr
iter
io
n
a
p
p
l
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
is
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
th
r
esh
o
ld
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
e
W
DM
-
PON
liter
atu
r
e
[
3
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
7
]
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es e
v
er
y
ch
an
n
el
to
s
atis
f
y
≥
6
,
∀
∈
(
1
)
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
a
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
n
ea
r
1
0
⁻⁹
a
n
d
s
itti
n
g
well
a
b
o
v
e
th
e
f
o
r
war
d
-
er
r
o
r
-
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
th
r
esh
o
ld
ad
o
p
ted
in
XG
-
PON
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
ts
in
lin
e
with
I
T
U
-
T
G.
9
8
7
[
1
9
]
,
wh
ich
c
o
r
r
ec
ts
a
p
r
e
-
FEC
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
n
ea
r
1
0
⁻³
a
n
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
Q
≈
3
.
1
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
io
n
u
s
ed
h
er
e
is
th
u
s
an
u
n
co
d
ed
-
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
cr
iter
io
n
an
d
is
d
elib
er
ately
co
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
r
elat
iv
e
to
th
e
co
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
lim
it.
A
ch
an
n
el
f
allin
g
b
elo
w
th
is
v
alu
e
is
co
u
n
ted
as
u
n
av
ailab
le,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ch
an
n
els
s
atis
f
y
in
g
th
e
cr
iter
io
n
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
m
ea
n
.
2
.
3
.
Ass
um
ptio
ns
a
nd
s
co
pe
T
h
r
ee
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
b
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el.
Fib
r
e
b
ir
ef
r
in
g
en
ce
a
n
d
p
o
lar
iza
tio
n
-
m
o
d
e
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
n
eg
lig
ib
le
o
v
e
r
th
e
2
5
k
m
r
ea
ch
,
an
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
r
ec
en
t
W
DM
-
PON
s
tu
d
ies
at
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
d
ata
r
at
es
[
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
m
at
is
f
ix
ed
at
NR
Z
o
n
-
o
f
f
k
ey
in
g
a
n
d
is
n
o
t
tr
ea
ted
as
a
d
esig
n
v
ar
ia
b
le.
F
in
ally
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
izes
th
e
o
p
tical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
eg
m
en
t
in
is
o
latio
n
:
th
e
wir
eless
ac
ce
s
s
s
eg
m
en
t
th
at
wo
u
ld
ter
m
in
ate
ea
c
h
o
p
tical
n
etwo
r
k
u
n
it,
a
n
d
th
e
j
o
in
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
allo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
r
aised
b
y
th
eir
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
,
a
r
e
d
elib
e
r
ately
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
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p
e
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d
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
as
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es th
e
s
o
f
t
war
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
in
wh
ich
th
e
lin
k
was c
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
an
d
v
er
if
ied
,
a
n
d
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
Mo
n
te
-
C
ar
lo
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
an
d
th
e
lau
n
ch
-
p
o
wer
s
wee
p
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
26
:
2
5
5
9
-
2
5
7
4
2564
3
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n e
nv
iro
nm
en
t
T
h
e
o
p
tical
lin
k
was
m
o
d
elled
in
Op
tiS
y
s
tem
7
(
Op
tiwav
e
Sy
s
tem
s
I
n
c.
,
Ottawa
,
C
an
ad
a)
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alid
ated
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
lib
r
ar
ies
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
ices
u
s
ed
h
er
e,
n
am
ely
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
-
wav
e
laser
s
,
Ma
ch
-
Z
eh
n
d
er
m
o
d
u
lato
r
s
,
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
i
b
r
e,
o
p
tical
am
p
lifie
r
s
,
wav
elen
g
th
m
u
ltip
lex
er
s
,
PIN
p
h
o
to
d
etec
to
r
s
,
an
d
B
ess
e
l
f
ilter
s
,
an
d
wh
ich
h
as
a
n
estab
lis
h
ed
tr
ac
k
r
ec
o
r
d
in
c
o
m
p
ar
ab
le
W
DM
-
PON
s
tu
d
ie
s
[
3
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
All
eig
h
t
-
ch
an
n
el
r
esu
lts
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
elo
w
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
with
a
s
eq
u
en
ce
len
g
t
h
o
f
1
2
8
b
its
an
d
1
2
8
s
am
p
les
p
e
r
b
it,
g
iv
in
g
a
s
am
p
le
r
ate
o
f
1
2
8
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
-
c
h
an
n
el
r
u
n
s
o
f
s
ec
tio
n
s
4
.
1
an
d
4
.
2
,
in
wh
ich
o
n
ly
o
n
e
ca
r
r
ier
is
p
r
esen
t
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
b
an
d
wid
th
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
n
o
t
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
t,
wer
e
o
b
tain
e
d
at
6
4
s
am
p
les
p
er
b
it.
T
h
is
r
eso
lu
tio
n
was
s
elec
ted
af
ter
p
r
elim
in
a
r
y
r
u
n
s
at
lo
wer
s
ettin
g
s
f
ailed
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
e
eig
h
t
-
ch
a
n
n
el
g
r
id
r
eliab
ly
;
a
co
m
p
lete
eig
h
t
-
ch
an
n
el
r
u
n
at
th
e
ch
o
s
en
r
eso
lu
tio
n
co
m
p
letes
in
u
n
d
er
ten
m
in
u
tes.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
s
am
p
lin
g
r
eso
lu
tio
n
is
n
o
t
in
cid
en
tal.
T
h
e
eig
h
t
-
c
h
an
n
el
g
r
id
s
p
an
s
7
0
0
GHz
b
et
wee
n
th
e
o
u
te
r
m
o
s
t
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
s
o
a
s
am
p
le
r
ate
o
f
6
4
0
GHz
,
wh
ich
6
4
s
am
p
les
p
er
b
it
wo
u
ld
g
iv
e
at
th
is
b
it
r
ate,
p
lace
s
th
e
ed
g
e
ch
an
n
els
at
o
r
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
win
d
o
w.
R
ep
ea
tin
g
th
e
f
u
ll
th
ir
ty
-
r
ep
licatio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
at
b
o
t
h
s
ettin
g
s
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
s
n
o
t
co
s
m
etic:
th
e
n
ar
r
o
wer
win
d
o
w
r
aises
th
e
ed
g
e
c
h
an
n
els
b
y
8
to
1
0
p
er
ce
n
t,
d
e
p
r
ess
es
th
e
ad
jace
n
t
i
n
ter
io
r
ch
an
n
els
b
y
1
4
to
2
0
p
er
ce
n
t,
s
u
p
p
r
ess
es
th
e
r
ep
licatio
n
v
ar
ian
ce
b
y
r
o
u
g
h
ly
a
f
ac
to
r
o
f
two
,
a
n
d
d
is
p
lace
s
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
th
e
p
e
r
-
ch
an
n
el
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
awa
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
.
Per
-
ch
an
n
el
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
s
in
a
d
en
s
ely
p
ac
k
e
d
g
r
id
ar
e
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
b
a
n
d
wid
th
,
a
n
d
a
win
d
o
w
n
ar
r
o
wer
th
an
th
e
g
r
id
s
p
an
ex
ag
g
er
ates
th
e
ed
g
e
-
to
-
in
ter
io
r
asy
m
m
etr
y
.
All r
esu
lts
b
elo
w
u
s
e
th
e
1
2
8
0
GHz
s
etti
n
g
.
3
.
2
.
L
ink
co
ns
t
ruct
io
n a
nd
v
er
if
ica
t
io
n
T
h
e
lin
k
was
b
u
ilt
in
s
tag
es,
ea
ch
v
er
if
ied
a
g
ain
s
t
th
eo
r
y
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
n
ex
t
was
ad
d
ed
.
A
s
in
g
le
-
ch
an
n
el
lin
k
o
v
er
1
0
k
m
w
ith
o
u
t
am
p
lific
atio
n
estab
lis
h
ed
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
f
ib
r
e
was
th
en
ex
ten
d
e
d
to
2
5
k
m
,
is
o
latin
g
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
ea
ch
in
a
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
f
r
ee
o
f
in
ter
-
ch
an
n
el
ef
f
ec
ts
.
An
o
p
ti
ca
l
am
p
lifie
r
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
n
ex
t,
a
n
d
its
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
an
d
o
n
th
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
s
ig
n
al
lev
el
ex
am
i
n
ed
s
ep
ar
ately
.
On
ly
th
en
was
th
e
lin
k
e
x
p
an
d
ed
to
eig
h
t
ch
a
n
n
els
with
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
an
d
d
em
u
ltip
lex
i
n
g
,
f
ir
s
t a
t 1
k
m
,
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
ea
ch
r
ef
er
en
ce
in
wh
ich
f
ib
r
e
-
in
d
u
ce
d
atten
u
atio
n
an
d
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
ar
e
s
m
all
an
d
i
n
ter
-
ch
an
n
el
cr
o
s
s
talk
d
o
m
in
ates
,
an
d
f
i
n
ally
at
th
e
f
u
ll
2
5
k
m
r
ea
ch
.
R
ep
o
r
tin
g
th
ese
s
tag
es
s
ep
ar
ately
,
r
ath
er
th
an
o
n
ly
th
e
f
in
al
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
,
is
wh
at
allo
ws
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
ea
c
h
an
d
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ch
a
n
n
el
p
a
ck
in
g
to
b
e
to
ld
a
p
ar
t in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
3
.
3
.
M
o
nte
-
Ca
rlo
des
ig
n
T
h
e
eig
h
t
-
ch
a
n
n
el
lin
k
at
2
5
k
m
was
ex
ec
u
ted
o
v
e
r
th
ir
ty
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
ep
licatio
n
s
,
ea
c
h
with
an
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
d
r
aw
o
f
th
e
p
s
e
u
d
o
-
r
a
n
d
o
m
b
it
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
f
e
ed
in
g
t
h
e
eig
h
t
m
o
d
u
lato
r
s
,
y
ield
in
g
2
4
0
p
e
r
-
ch
an
n
el
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
an
tity
r
an
d
o
m
ized
is
th
e
d
ata
p
atter
n
alo
n
e:
ev
er
y
p
h
y
s
ical
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
th
e
lin
k
is
id
en
tical
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
th
ir
ty
r
ep
licatio
n
s
.
W
h
at
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
h
er
e
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
th
at
a
f
ix
ed
lin
k
ex
h
ib
its
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ata
p
atter
n
s
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
th
at
d
eter
m
in
es
wh
eth
er
a
ch
an
n
el
s
itti
n
g
clo
s
e
to
th
e
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
th
r
esh
o
ld
cr
o
s
s
es
it
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
to
t
h
e
n
e
x
t.
I
t
is
n
o
t
a
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
to
ler
an
ce
to
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
v
ar
iatio
n
,
wh
ich
wo
u
ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
v
er
co
n
n
ec
to
r
lo
s
s
,
laser
wav
elen
g
th
d
r
if
t,
am
p
lifie
r
g
ain
r
ip
p
le
an
d
ag
ein
g
;
th
at
ex
te
n
s
io
n
is
id
en
tifie
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
7
.
T
h
e
r
e
p
licatio
n
co
u
n
t
was
ch
o
s
en
b
y
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
c
r
iter
io
n
f
o
r
a
s
am
p
le
m
ea
n
esti
m
ated
b
y
s
im
u
latio
n
,
n
a
m
ely
th
at
t
h
e
h
alf
-
wid
th
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
b
e
s
m
all
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
in
ten
d
e
d
to
r
es
o
lv
e
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
ir
t
y
r
ep
licatio
n
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
as
t
h
e
p
o
i
n
t
at
wh
ich
th
e
p
er
-
ch
a
n
n
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ty
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s
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4
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3
,
r
ath
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m
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s
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Fo
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m
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ar
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th
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9
5
%
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ce
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n
ter
v
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th
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m
ea
n
,
a
n
d
th
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o
b
s
e
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ed
m
in
im
u
m
a
n
d
m
ax
im
u
m
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
is
r
ep
o
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ted
ex
p
licitl
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b
ec
au
s
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wh
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cr
iter
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th
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esh
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ld
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th
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wo
r
s
t r
ea
lizatio
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o
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d
is
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
th
a
n
th
e
m
e
an
.
3
.
4
.
L
a
un
ch
-
po
wer
s
wee
p
T
h
e
p
er
-
ch
an
n
el
lau
n
ch
p
o
w
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was
s
wep
t
o
v
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3
,
6
,
1
0
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d
1
3
d
B
m
,
with
all
eig
h
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ch
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n
els
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alu
ated
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ch
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g
iv
in
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3
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m
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r
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.
At
ea
ch
lev
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tem
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Q
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atis
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in
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r
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ld
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ep
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te
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T
h
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s
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p
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s
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a
f
ix
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p
s
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d
o
-
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m
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th
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Mo
n
te
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C
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lo
ch
ar
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ter
izatio
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f
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3
.
3
d
r
aws
an
in
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ep
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d
en
t
s
ee
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p
e
r
ch
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n
el
in
ev
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licatio
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.
T
h
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two
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im
es
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if
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co
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4
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co
m
m
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t
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1
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;
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y
s
tem
m
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at
th
at
p
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r
ee
to
with
in
0
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3
p
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ce
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t,
8
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6
6
ag
ain
s
t
8
.
6
8
.
T
h
e
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wer
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n
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T
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4.
RE
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L
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S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
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O
N
T
h
is
s
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tio
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u
lated
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h
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at
1
k
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d
th
e
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ch
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s
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p
.
L
im
itatio
n
s
ar
e
s
tated
at
th
e
en
d
.
4
.
1
.
Sin
g
le
-
cha
nn
el
ba
s
eline
:
la
un
ch
po
wer
a
nd
f
ibre
re
a
ch
T
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
was
f
ir
s
t
v
e
r
if
ied
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n
a
s
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ch
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n
el
at
1
5
5
2
.
5
n
m
o
v
er
1
0
k
m
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
ib
r
e
with
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m
p
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.
At
a
lau
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ch
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0
d
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m
th
e
lin
k
r
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u
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n
ed
a
Q
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to
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f
3
3
.
9
3
.
T
h
e
v
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is
u
n
r
em
ar
k
ab
le
in
its
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:
1
0
k
m
o
f
f
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im
p
o
s
es
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ly
2
d
B
o
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atten
u
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n
,
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
ad
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n
t
ch
an
n
el
to
in
ter
f
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e
with
,
an
d
th
e
lin
k
is
th
er
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r
e
o
p
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g
in
a
n
ess
en
tially
im
p
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m
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-
f
r
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eg
im
e.
T
h
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p
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r
p
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s
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f
t
h
e
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n
is
n
o
t
th
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n
u
m
b
er
b
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t
th
e
co
n
f
ir
m
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th
at
th
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m
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d
elled
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eh
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e
a
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im
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tr
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d
.
T
h
e
lau
n
ch
p
o
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was
th
en
s
wep
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n
th
is
s
in
g
le
ch
an
n
el
o
v
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−5
,
0
,
3
,
6
an
d
1
0
d
B
m
,
r
etu
r
n
in
g
Q
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f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
3
1
.
3
6
,
3
3
.
9
3
,
3
4
.
3
0
,
3
4
.
5
3
an
d
3
4
.
9
6
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
r
is
es
m
o
n
o
t
o
n
ically
with
p
o
wer
an
d
th
en
s
atu
r
ates: th
e
g
ain
f
r
o
m
−5
to
0
d
B
m
is
2
.
5
7
in
Q,
wh
ile
th
e
g
ain
f
r
o
m
6
to
1
0
d
B
m
is
o
n
ly
0
.
4
3
.
T
h
e
r
is
in
g
b
r
an
c
h
is
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
a
lin
k
wh
o
s
e
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
is
lim
ited
b
y
ad
d
itiv
e
n
o
is
e,
s
in
ce
r
aisi
n
g
th
e
s
ig
n
al
wh
ile
th
e
n
o
is
e
f
lo
o
r
s
tay
s
f
ix
ed
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
r
atio
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
atu
r
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n
r
ef
lects
th
e
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
r
etu
r
n
o
f
th
at
m
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h
an
is
m
o
n
ce
th
e
s
ig
n
al
al
r
ea
d
y
d
o
m
in
ates.
W
h
at
m
atter
s
h
er
e,
h
o
wev
er
,
is
wh
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
a
p
p
en
:
o
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
ch
an
n
el,
ad
d
itio
n
al
lau
n
c
h
p
o
wer
n
ev
er
d
eg
r
a
d
es
th
e
lin
k
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
ex
am
in
ed
.
T
h
at
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
is
u
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
5
to
id
en
tify
th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
b
eh
in
d
th
e
eig
h
t
-
ch
a
n
n
el
co
llap
s
e.
Ho
ld
in
g
th
e
lau
n
c
h
p
o
wer
at
1
0
d
B
m
an
d
ex
te
n
d
in
g
th
e
f
ib
r
e
f
r
o
m
1
0
k
m
to
2
5
k
m
,
with
e
v
er
y
o
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
f
ix
ed
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
f
r
o
m
3
4
.
9
6
to
1
6
.
2
7
,
a
5
3
p
er
ce
n
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
3
d
B
o
f
ad
d
itio
n
al
atten
u
atio
n
,
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
ey
e
h
eig
h
t
b
y
5
5
p
e
r
ce
n
t.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
with
a
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
d
o
p
tical
p
o
wer
,
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
ex
p
ec
ted
wh
e
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
n
o
is
e
is
d
o
m
in
ate
d
b
y
a
s
ig
n
al
-
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t te
r
m
:
3
d
B
o
f
ad
d
itio
n
al
atten
u
atio
n
h
alv
es th
e
p
o
wer
an
d
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
r
ed
u
ctio
n
is
5
3
p
er
ce
n
t.
T
h
is
p
lace
s
th
e
r
esu
lt
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
f
o
r
W
DM
-
PON
lin
k
s
at
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
r
ea
ch
[
3
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Mo
r
e
u
s
ef
u
lly
,
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
d
e
cisi
o
n
in
s
tan
t
m
o
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
0
.
4
3
7
5
t
o
0
.
6
5
6
2
5
o
f
t
h
e
b
it
p
er
i
o
d
.
No
t
h
in
g
i
n
th
e
lin
k
ch
a
n
g
ed
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ce
p
t
its
len
g
t
h
,
s
o
t
h
e
d
is
p
lace
m
en
t
is
d
ir
e
ct
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
ch
r
o
m
atic
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
:
th
e
lea
d
in
g
ed
g
e
o
f
ea
ch
b
it
ar
r
iv
es
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
tr
ailin
g
ed
g
e,
an
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
am
p
lin
g
p
o
in
t
m
o
v
es
later
with
in
th
e
b
it.
T
h
is
is
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
f
o
r
1
0
Gb
p
s
NR
Z
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
v
er
2
5
k
m
o
f
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
ib
r
e.
T
h
e
ev
id
en
ce
is
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
in
g
le
-
ch
an
n
el
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
wh
er
e
r
ea
c
h
is
th
e
o
n
ly
q
u
an
tity
th
at
ch
a
n
g
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
r
u
n
s
;
in
th
e
eig
h
t
-
ch
a
n
n
el
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
in
s
tan
t
is
also
d
is
p
lace
d
b
y
in
ter
-
ch
an
n
el
cr
o
s
s
talk
an
d
b
y
th
e
f
in
ite
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
a
n
aly
s
e
r
s
ea
r
ch
,
an
d
it
is
n
o
t
u
s
ed
t
h
er
e
as
a
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e.
4
.
2
.
O
ptic
a
l a
m
pli
f
ica
t
io
n:
l
ev
el
re
s
t
o
ra
t
io
n wit
ho
ut
SN
R
g
a
in
An
o
p
tical
am
p
lifie
r
with
2
0
d
B
o
f
g
ain
an
d
a
5
d
B
n
o
is
e
f
ig
u
r
e
was
th
en
in
s
er
ted
in
to
th
e
s
am
e
2
5
k
m
s
in
g
le
-
ch
an
n
el
lin
k
,
wi
th
n
o
o
t
h
er
ch
a
n
g
e.
T
h
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
m
o
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
1
6
.
2
7
2
3
to
1
6
.
2
6
3
2
,
a
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
.
0
5
p
er
ce
n
t,
wh
ic
h
is
to
s
ay
th
at
it
d
id
n
o
t
m
o
v
e
at
all.
T
h
e
ey
e
h
eig
h
t,
b
y
co
n
t
r
ast,
r
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
2
.
6
×
1
0
⁻³
to
2
.
6
×1
0
⁻¹,
a
f
ac
t
o
r
o
f
o
n
e
h
u
n
d
r
ed
,
an
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
d
ec
is
io
n
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
ca
led
with
it.
T
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
in
s
tan
t
wa
s
u
n
ch
an
g
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
o
n
e,
an
d
it
is
wo
r
th
s
tat
in
g
p
lain
ly
b
ec
au
s
e
d
esig
n
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
b
lu
r
it.
A
n
o
p
tical
am
p
lifie
r
r
aises
th
e
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
e
n
o
is
e
alr
ea
d
y
ac
cu
m
u
lated
ah
ea
d
o
f
it
b
y
t
h
e
s
am
e
f
ac
to
r
,
an
d
it
ad
d
s
am
p
lifie
d
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
em
is
s
io
n
o
f
its
o
wn
.
On
ce
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
is
lim
ited
b
y
th
e
b
ea
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
at
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
em
is
s
io
n
r
ath
er
th
an
b
y
its
o
wn
th
er
m
al
n
o
is
e,
th
e
o
p
tical
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
,
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
th
at
f
o
llo
ws
f
r
o
m
it,
is
f
ix
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
am
p
lifie
r
a
n
d
is
n
o
t
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
it.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ted
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
.
0
5
p
er
ce
n
t
p
lace
s
th
e
lin
k
in
th
at
r
eg
im
e.
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
elled
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
26
:
2
5
5
9
-
2
5
7
4
2566
am
p
lific
atio
n
r
aised
ab
s
o
lu
te
s
ig
n
al
lev
el
with
o
u
t im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
; in
o
th
er
r
ec
eiv
e
r
-
n
o
is
e
r
eg
im
es a
n
o
p
tical
p
r
ea
m
p
lifie
r
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
etec
ted
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
esp
ite
th
e
am
p
lifie
d
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
em
is
s
io
n
it
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
,
s
o
th
is
r
esu
lt
is
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
th
e
n
o
is
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
m
o
d
elled
h
er
e.
I
n
a
2
5
k
m
s
in
g
le
-
ch
an
n
el
lin
k
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
alr
ea
d
y
s
its
co
m
f
o
r
tab
ly
a
b
o
v
e
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
d
etec
to
r
,
s
o
th
e
am
p
lifie
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
n
o
th
in
g
th
e
lin
k
n
ee
d
s
.
I
ts
r
o
le
b
e
co
m
es
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
o
n
ly
wh
en
th
e
p
o
wer
b
u
d
g
et
is
g
en
u
in
ely
s
h
o
r
t:
at
lo
n
g
er
r
ea
ch
,
o
r
,
a
s
in
th
e
eig
h
t
-
ch
an
n
el
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ex
a
m
in
ed
n
e
x
t,
o
n
c
e
m
u
ltip
lex
er
an
d
d
em
u
ltip
lex
er
i
n
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
f
ib
r
e
lo
s
s
.
I
n
th
at
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
a
s
in
g
le
2
0
d
B
s
tag
e
p
r
o
v
e
d
u
n
u
s
ab
le.
W
ith
eig
h
t
ch
an
n
el
s
p
r
esen
t
it
d
r
o
v
e
th
e
am
p
lifie
r
in
to
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
s
o
th
e
g
ain
was
s
p
lit
in
to
two
1
0
d
B
s
tag
es:
a
b
o
o
s
ter
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
f
ib
r
e
an
d
a
p
r
e
-
am
p
lifie
r
af
ter
it,
th
e
a
r
r
an
g
em
en
t
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
1
.
T
h
e
am
p
lifie
r
m
o
d
el
o
p
er
ates
in
g
ain
-
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
e
with
a
s
atu
r
ated
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
o
f
1
0
d
B
m
,
as
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
is
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
q
u
alif
icatio
n
:
at
t
h
e
1
0
d
B
m
p
er
-
ch
a
n
n
el
r
e
f
er
en
ce
p
o
in
t
t
h
e
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
p
o
wer
p
r
esen
ted
to
th
e
b
o
o
s
ter
is
cl
o
s
e
to
1
9
d
B
m
,
well
a
b
o
v
e
th
e
1
0
d
B
m
s
atu
r
ati
o
n
lev
el,
s
o
th
e
b
o
o
s
ter
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
eliv
er
its
f
u
ll
1
0
d
B
o
f
s
m
all
-
s
ig
n
al
g
ain
to
all
eig
h
t
ch
an
n
els
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
T
h
e
lau
n
ch
ed
p
o
wer
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
s
et
b
y
th
e
s
atu
r
ated
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
ter
r
ath
e
r
th
an
b
y
th
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
g
ain
,
an
d
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
-
f
ib
r
e
p
o
wer
p
er
c
h
an
n
el
is
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
laser
p
o
wer
an
d
th
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
g
ai
n
w
o
u
ld
s
u
g
g
est.
T
h
is
s
atu
r
atio
n
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
is
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
elled
lin
k
r
ath
er
th
an
a
n
ar
tef
ac
t,
an
d
it is
o
n
e
r
ea
s
o
n
th
e
am
p
lifie
r
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
aise
th
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
:
th
e
s
tag
e
is
p
o
wer
-
lim
ited
,
n
o
t
g
a
in
-
lim
ited
,
at
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
s
tu
d
ied
.
T
h
at
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
ar
is
e
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
ch
an
n
el
an
d
is
its
elf
wo
r
th
n
o
tin
g
at
th
e
d
esig
n
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
b
r
o
ad
e
r
d
is
tin
ctio
n
m
atter
s
ju
s
t a
s
m
u
ch
,
b
ec
au
s
e
an
am
p
lifie
r
a
d
d
ed
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
f
ix
a
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
p
r
o
b
l
em
will n
o
t f
ix
it.
4
.
3
.
E
ig
ht
-
cha
nn
el
lin
k
a
t
2
5
k
m:
M
o
nte
-
Ca
rlo
cha
ra
c
t
er
iza
t
io
n
T
h
e
eig
h
t
-
c
h
an
n
el
lin
k
was
e
v
alu
ated
at
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
2
5
k
m
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
m
o
d
e
f
i
b
r
e,
1
0
0
GHz
ch
an
n
el
s
p
ac
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
C
-
b
an
d
,
1
0
Gb
p
s
NR
Z
-
OOK
p
er
ch
an
n
el,
an
d
a
lau
n
ch
p
o
wer
o
f
1
0
d
B
m
.
T
o
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
th
e
l
in
k
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
ch
asti
c
v
ar
iatio
n
r
ath
er
th
an
f
r
o
m
a
s
in
g
le
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
r
u
n
,
th
ir
ty
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
e
p
licatio
n
s
wer
e
ex
ec
u
ted
,
y
ield
in
g
2
4
0
p
e
r
-
ch
an
n
el
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
o
b
s
er
v
ati
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
late
d
o
p
tical
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
th
e
eig
h
t
-
ch
an
n
el
s
ig
n
al
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
ab
le
3
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
p
er
-
c
h
an
n
el
m
ea
n
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
,
9
5
% c
o
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
ter
v
al,
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ex
tr
e
m
es a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
th
ir
ty
r
ep
licatio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Simu
lated
o
p
tical
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
th
e
eig
h
t
-
c
h
an
n
el
W
DM
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
d
em
u
ltip
lex
e
r
in
p
u
t,
a
f
ter
2
5
k
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
a
n
d
two
am
p
lific
atio
n
s
tag
es,
s
p
an
n
in
g
1
5
4
6
.
9
2
to
1
5
5
2
.
5
2
n
m
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
C
-
b
an
d
with
th
e
g
r
id
ce
n
tr
ed
at
1
5
4
9
.
7
2
n
m
All
eig
h
t
ch
an
n
els
s
atis
f
ied
th
e
Q
≥
6
th
r
esh
o
ld
i
n
ev
er
y
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
th
ir
ty
r
ep
licatio
n
s
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
a
1
0
0
p
e
r
ce
n
t
ch
an
n
el
-
av
a
ilab
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y
r
ate
at
th
is
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
in
t.
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h
e
s
y
s
tem
-
wid
e
m
ea
n
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
was
8
.
6
6
with
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
1
.
4
6
ac
r
o
s
s
ch
an
n
els,
an
d
th
e
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
lian
t
lin
k
was
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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p
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I
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2088
-
8
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P
er
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ch
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a
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o
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ymm
etry in
a
n
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2567
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Gb
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s
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e
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p
er
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o
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g
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h
5
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at
th
e
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
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id
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with
a
m
e
an
o
f
7
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3
2
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d
t
h
e
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ig
h
est
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h
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at
1
1
.
3
0
.
T
h
e
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n
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id
en
ce
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n
ter
v
als
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e
n
ar
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o
w,
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o
n
e
wid
er
t
h
an
0
.
4
6
in
Q,
an
d
,
m
o
r
e
to
th
e
p
o
in
t,
th
e
wo
r
s
t
s
in
g
le
r
ea
liza
tio
n
o
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e
d
o
n
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wea
k
est
ch
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n
el
was
6
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6
4
,
s
till
ab
o
v
e
th
e
th
r
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o
ld
.
No
th
r
esh
o
ld
c
r
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s
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g
was
th
e
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e
f
o
r
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
th
i
r
ty
r
ep
licatio
n
s
,
r
ath
er
th
a
n
a
cr
o
s
s
in
g
b
etwe
en
r
ea
lizatio
n
s
,
wh
ich
is
p
r
ec
is
ely
th
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
a
s
in
g
le
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
r
u
n
ca
n
n
o
t m
ak
e.
T
ab
le
3
.
Per
-
c
h
an
n
el
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
s
tatis
t
ics o
v
er
th
ir
ty
Mo
n
te
-
C
a
r
lo
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ep
licatio
n
s
at
2
5
k
m
(
n
=
3
0
)
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
F
r
e
q
(
TH
z
)
M
e
a
n
Q
S
t
d
D
e
v
9
5
%
C
I
M
i
n
Q
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a
x
Q
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h
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1
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1
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3
0
0
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1
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2
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5
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7
[
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T
h
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e
r
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r
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it
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U
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s
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p
ed
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is
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ib
u
tio
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a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
wav
elen
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th
g
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id
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as
p
lo
tted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
is
p
ap
er
th
e
e
d
g
e
-
to
-
in
ter
io
r
asy
m
m
etr
y
d
e
n
o
tes
th
is
n
o
n
u
n
if
o
r
m
it
y
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
u
ter
ch
an
n
els o
f
th
e
g
r
id
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
n
er
o
n
es,
q
u
an
tifie
d
b
y
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
ed
g
e
-
ch
a
n
n
el
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
to
t
h
e
m
ea
n
in
ter
io
r
-
ch
a
n
n
el
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
,
r
ath
er
th
an
an
y
lef
t
-
r
i
g
h
t
im
b
alan
c
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
f
ile.
T
h
e
two
ed
g
e
ch
an
n
els,
C
h
1
an
d
C
h
8
,
r
ea
ch
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
s
at
1
1
.
3
0
an
d
1
0
.
2
4
,
wh
ile
th
e
in
ter
io
r
ch
an
n
els
s
at
n
o
ticea
b
ly
lo
wer
,
with
C
h
5
f
allin
g
to
7
.
3
2
at
th
e
b
o
t
to
m
o
f
th
e
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
a
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
r
o
f
ile
w
ith
a
s
in
g
le
ce
n
tr
al
m
in
im
u
m
.
Pair
ed
t
-
test
s
o
n
th
e
with
in
-
r
ep
licatio
n
a
d
jace
n
t
-
ch
an
n
el
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
r
eso
lv
e
s
ix
o
f
th
e
s
ev
en
s
tep
s
at
th
e
5
%
lev
el;
th
e
s
in
g
le
ex
ce
p
tio
n
is
th
e
C
h
3
-
C
h
4
s
t
ep
,
wh
o
s
e
m
ea
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
o
f
0
.
1
7
in
Q
is
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
p
=
0
.
1
0
)
,
s
o
C
h
3
,
C
h
4
an
d
C
h
5
f
o
r
m
a
s
h
al
lo
w,
s
tatis
tica
lly
f
lat
b
asin
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
f
ile.
T
h
e
two
ar
m
s
o
f
th
e
U
ar
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
ally
r
eso
lv
ed
ex
ce
p
t a
t th
e
m
in
im
u
m
,
an
d
th
e
d
escen
d
in
g
an
d
ascen
d
in
g
tr
e
n
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
m
ea
n
s
r
ath
er
th
an
a
s
tr
ict
o
r
d
er
i
n
g
o
f
e
v
er
y
ad
jace
n
t
p
ai
r
.
T
ab
le
4
lis
ts
th
e
p
air
e
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
m
in
im
u
m
s
its
at
1
9
3
.
5
T
Hz,
ad
jace
n
t
to
th
e
1
9
3
.
4
5
T
Hz
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
,
wh
ich
is
wh
er
e
a
ch
an
n
el
h
as
th
e
lar
g
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
ter
f
er
in
g
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
s
o
n
b
o
th
s
id
es.
T
h
is
b
eh
av
io
u
r
f
o
llo
ws
f
r
o
m
in
ter
-
ch
an
n
el
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ity
,
an
d
s
p
e
cif
ically
f
r
o
m
cr
o
s
s
-
p
h
ase
m
o
d
u
latio
n
[
2
3
]
;
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ex
p
er
im
en
t
o
f
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
6
estab
lis
h
es
th
e
attr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
s
ep
ar
ates
it
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
-
wav
e
m
ix
in
g
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
e
v
er
y
c
h
an
n
el
c
o
-
p
r
o
p
a
g
ates
with
all
s
ev
en
o
th
er
s
,
an
in
ter
io
r
ch
an
n
el
h
as
s
tr
o
n
g
in
ter
f
e
r
er
s
im
m
ed
iately
ad
jace
n
t
o
n
b
o
t
h
s
id
es,
wh
er
ea
s
an
ed
g
e
ch
an
n
el
h
as
clo
s
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
s
o
n
o
n
ly
o
n
e
s
id
e.
C
r
o
s
s
-
p
h
ase
-
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
tr
en
g
t
h
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
ch
an
n
el
s
ep
ar
atio
n
,
walk
-
o
f
f
a
n
d
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
r
ath
e
r
th
an
o
n
a
s
im
p
le
co
u
n
t
o
f
c
o
-
p
r
o
p
a
g
atin
g
wav
e
len
g
th
s
,
an
d
it
is
th
e
p
r
o
x
im
it
y
o
f
s
tr
o
n
g
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
o
n
b
o
th
s
id
es
th
at
g
iv
es
th
e
in
ter
io
r
ch
an
n
els
th
eir
lar
g
er
p
en
alty
.
T
h
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
p
h
ase
-
m
o
d
u
latio
n
p
e
n
alty
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
ter
f
er
in
g
ch
an
n
els
is
it
s
elf
an
estab
lis
h
ed
r
esu
lt
[
2
4
]
,
an
d
th
e
o
r
d
er
in
g
o
b
s
er
v
ed
h
er
e
is
wh
at
th
at
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
p
r
e
d
icts
.
T
h
e
U
-
s
h
ap
e
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
wh
at
o
n
e
wo
u
ld
ex
p
ec
t
o
f
a
d
en
s
ely
s
p
a
ce
d
C
-
b
an
d
W
DM
s
y
s
tem
at
th
is
r
ea
ch
,
an
d
it
is
v
is
ib
le
in
th
e
ey
e
d
iag
r
am
s
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
-
3
(
d
)
,
wh
er
e
th
e
e
d
g
e
ch
an
n
els
s
h
o
w
a
clea
r
ly
wid
er
ey
e
o
p
en
i
n
g
th
a
n
th
e
in
ter
io
r
o
n
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Me
an
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
p
er
W
DM
ch
an
n
el
o
v
er
t
h
ir
ty
Mo
n
te
-
C
ar
lo
r
ep
licatio
n
s
(
er
r
o
r
b
ar
s
: 9
5
% C
I
)
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
U
-
s
h
ap
e
d
p
r
o
f
ile
with
a
s
in
g
le
ce
n
tr
al
m
in
im
u
m
with
its
m
in
im
u
m
at
th
e
ce
n
tr
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
a
n
d
th
e
Q
=
6
th
r
esh
o
ld
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
26
:
2
5
5
9
-
2
5
7
4
2568
T
ab
le
4
.
Pair
ed
t
-
test
s
o
n
with
i
n
-
r
ep
licatio
n
a
d
jace
n
t
-
ch
a
n
n
el
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
(
n
=
3
0
)
.
Six
o
f
th
e
s
ev
en
s
tep
s
ar
e
r
eso
lv
ed
at
th
e
5
% lev
el;
th
e
C
h
3
-
C
h
4
s
tep
is
n
o
t
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
p
a
i
r
M
e
a
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(
Q
)
S
t
d
.
d
e
v
.
t
(
d
f
=
2
9
)
p
(
t
w
o
-
si
d
e
d
)
C
h
1
-
C
h
2
2
.
7
0
3
0
.
4
2
8
3
4
.
5
7
<
0
.
0
0
1
C
h
2
-
C
h
3
0
.
9
0
1
0
.
3
8
3
1
2
.
8
8
<
0
.
0
0
1
C
h
3
-
C
h
4
0
.
1
6
8
0
.
5
4
4
1
.
6
9
0
.
1
0
C
h
4
-
C
h
5
0
.
2
0
8
0
.
4
0
1
2
.
8
4
0
.
0
0
8
C
h
5
-
C
h
6
-
0
.
1
9
6
0
.
3
0
1
-
3
.
5
6
0
.
0
0
1
C
h
6
-
C
h
7
-
1
.
5
7
9
0
.
3
9
1
-
2
2
.
0
9
<
0
.
0
0
1
C
h
7
-
C
h
8
-
1
.
1
4
8
0
.
4
4
7
-
1
4
.
0
6
<
0
.
0
0
1
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
y
e
d
iag
r
am
s
o
f
th
e
eig
h
t
-
ch
an
n
el
lin
k
at
2
5
k
m
: (
a)
ed
g
e
c
h
an
n
el
C
h
1
(
m
ea
n
Q
=
1
1
.
3
0
,
n
=
3
0
)
,
(
b
)
in
ter
io
r
ch
a
n
n
el
C
h
5
(
m
ea
n
Q
=
7
.
3
2
,
n
=
3
0
)
,
(
c
)
ed
g
e
c
h
an
n
el
C
h
8
(
m
ea
n
Q
=
1
0
.
2
4
,
n
=
3
0
)
,
an
d
(
d
)
in
ter
io
r
ch
a
n
n
el
C
h
5
at
a
la
u
n
ch
p
o
wer
o
f
1
3
d
B
m
(
Q
=
2
.
8
5
)
,
s
h
o
win
g
co
m
p
lete
ey
e
cl
o
s
u
r
e;
co
m
p
a
r
e
with
p
an
el
(
b
)
,
th
e
s
am
e
ch
a
n
n
el
at
1
0
d
B
m
.
T
h
e
ey
e
d
iag
r
a
m
s
in
p
an
els (
a)
to
(
c)
ar
e
ac
c
u
m
u
lated
o
v
er
th
e
th
ir
ty
r
ep
licatio
n
s
,
s
o
th
eir
th
i
ck
n
ess
r
ef
lects th
e
p
atter
n
-
to
-
p
atter
n
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
,
an
d
t
h
e
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
s
q
u
o
ted
ar
e
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
th
ir
ty
-
r
ep
lic
atio
n
m
ea
n
s
o
f
T
ab
le
3
;
p
an
el
(
d
)
is
a
s
in
g
le
f
ix
e
d
-
s
ee
d
r
u
n
a
t 1
3
d
B
m
4
.
4
.
Sh
o
rt
-
re
a
ch
re
f
er
ence
a
t
1
k
m
T
o
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
f
ib
r
e,
r
ea
ch
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
ch
an
n
el
p
ac
k
in
g
,
th
e
s
am
e
eig
h
t
-
ch
an
n
e
l
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
was
ev
al
u
ated
at
1
k
m
.
T
h
is
is
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
r
ea
ch
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
a
tr
u
e
b
ac
k
-
to
-
b
ac
k
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t,
s
in
ce
th
e
f
ib
r
e,
th
e
m
u
ltip
lex
er
,
th
e
d
em
u
ltip
lex
er
an
d
b
o
th
am
p
lifie
r
s
r
em
a
in
in
p
lace
an
d
o
n
l
y
th
e
s
p
an
len
g
th
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
was
ch
ar
ac
ter
ize
d
o
v
er
th
ir
ty
r
e
p
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
s
am
e
way
as
th
e
2
5
k
m
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
,
g
iv
in
g
m
ea
n
Q
-
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
2
3
.
1
7
,
1
7
.
7
6
,
1
8
.
4
7
,
1
9
.
2
4
,
1
8
.
6
5
,
1
9
.
0
2
,
1
9
.
9
3
an
d
2
3
.
0
5
f
o
r
C
h
1
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
h
8
.
Sev
er
al
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
f
o
llo
w.
T
h
e
U
-
s
h
ap
e
is
alr
ea
d
y
p
r
esen
t
at
1
k
m
,
with
th
e
ed
g
e
ch
an
n
els
lead
in
g
a
n
d
t
h
e
in
t
er
io
r
c
h
an
n
els
tr
ailin
g
b
e
f
o
r
e
ap
p
r
ec
ia
b
le
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
h
as
tak
en
p
lace
.
T
h
e
in
ter
io
r
o
r
d
er
in
g
is
n
ev
e
r
th
ele
s
s
n
o
t
p
r
eser
v
ed
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
two
r
ea
ch
es,
th
e
wea
k
est
in
ter
io
r
ch
a
n
n
el
b
ein
g
C
h
2
at
1
k
m
an
d
C
h
5
at
2
5
k
m
.
T
h
at
is
to
b
e
ex
p
e
cted
:
at
1
k
m
th
e
s
ix
in
ter
io
r
m
ea
n
s
s
p
an
o
n
l
y
1
7
.
7
6
t
o
1
9
.
9
3
an
d
th
eir
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
t
er
v
als
o
v
er
lap
,
s
o
n
o
o
r
d
er
i
n
g
with
in
th
e
in
te
r
io
r
is
r
eso
lv
a
b
le
th
er
e.
W
h
at
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
estab
lis
h
es
is
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ed
g
e
ch
an
n
e
ls
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
io
r
,
wh
ich
i
s
r
eso
lv
ed
at
b
o
th
r
ea
ch
es,
an
d
n
o
t
th
e
d
etailed
o
r
d
er
in
g
with
in
th
e
in
ter
io
r
,
wh
ich
is
r
eso
lv
ed
o
n
l
y
at
2
5
k
m
.
T
h
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
q
u
an
tifie
d
d
ir
ec
tly
.
T
h
e
r
ati
o
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
o
f
th
e
two
ed
g
e
ch
an
n
els
to
th
e
m
ea
n
o
f
th
e
s
ix
in
ter
io
r
c
h
an
n
els
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