TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommunication,
Computing,
Electr
onics
and
Contr
ol
V
ol.
24,
No.
5,
October
2026,
pp.
1680
∼
1689
ISSN:
1693-6930,
DOI:
10.12928/TELK
OMNIKA.v24i5.27862
❒
1680
A
unied
articial
intelligence-enabled
intelligent
home
assistant
r
obot
f
or
smart
automation
and
safety
Md.
T
aslim
Arif
1,2
,
Ab
u
Salyh
Muhammad
Mussa
1
,
J
ul
J
alal
Al-Mamur
Say
or
3
,
Md.
Ashiqussalehin
1
,
Md.
Mehedi
Hasan
4
,
Mst
Deloara
Khushi
5
,
Md.
Moshiur
Rahman
6
1
Department
of
Internet
of
Things
and
Robotics
Engineering
(IRE),
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
Bangladesh
(UFTB),
Gazipur
,
Bangladesh
2
Department
of
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
(CSE),
Daf
fodil
International
Uni
v
ersity
(DIU),
Dhaka,
Bangladesh
3
Department
of
Softw
are
Engineering
(SWE),
Daf
fodil
International
Uni
v
ersity
(DIU)
Dhaka,
Bangladesh
4
Department
of
General
Education
(GED),
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
Bangladesh
(UFTB),
Gazipur
,
Bangladesh
5
Department
of
Cyber
Security
Engineering
(CySE),
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
Bangladesh
(UFTB),
Gazipur
,
Bangladesh
6
Department
of
Softw
are
Engineering
(SE),
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
Bangladesh
(UFTB),
Gazipur
,
Bangladesh
Article
Inf
o
Article
history:
Recei
v
ed
Feb
12,
2026
Re
vised
Apr
28,
2026
Accepted
May
25,
2026
K
eyw
ords:
Articial
intelligence
Assisti
v
e
robotics
Home
safety
Internet
of
things
Smart
home
object
detection
ABSTRA
CT
Intelligent
home
assistant
systems
are
increasingly
required
to
enhance
safety
,
ef
cienc
y
,
and
user
con
v
enience
in
smart
en
vironments.
This
paper
presents
LUN
A,
a
unied
articial
int
elligence
(AI)-enabled
home
assistant
robot
de-
signed
for
smart
automation
and
safety
in
indoor
settings.
The
system
inte
grates
autonomous
na
vig
ation,
Y
ou
Only
Look
Once
v
ersion
8
(Y
OLOv8)-based
object
detection,
gesture-based
interaction,
rea
l-time
g
as
and
re
hazard
detection,
mo-
bile
application
control,
and
automated
oor
cleaning
within
a
single
lo
w-cost
embedded
platform.
Unlik
e
e
xisting
systems
that
focus
on
isolated
functional-
ities,
the
proposed
approach
combines
perception,
mobility
,
safety
monitoring,
and
user
interaction
in
a
coordinated
frame
w
ork
suitable
for
real-w
orld
appli-
cations,
particularly
for
elderly
and
disabled
users.
The
system
is
implemented
using
Arduino,
Raspberry
Pi,
and
ESP32
to
enable
ef
cient
sensing,
processing,
communication,
and
actuation.
Experimental
results
demonstrate
rob
ust
perfor
-
mance,
achie
ving
93.5%
na
vig
ation
accurac
y
,
91.2%
object
detection
accurac
y
,
2.5
s
emer
genc
y
response
time,
1.2
s
control
latenc
y
,
and
88.7%
cleaning
ef
-
cienc
y
.
These
re
sults
indicate
that
LUN
A
is
an
ef
fecti
v
e
and
practical
solution
for
ne
xt-generation
smart
home
assistance.
This
is
an
open
access
article
under
the
CC
BY
-SA
license
.
Corresponding
A
uthor:
Md.
Ashiqussalehin
Department
of
Internet
of
Things
and
Robotics
Engineering
(IRE)
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
Bangladesh
(UFTB)
Kaliakair
,
Gazipur
-1750,
Bangladesh
Email:
ashiqussalehin0001@uftb
.ac.bd
1.
INTR
ODUCTION
The
rapid
adv
ancement
of
articial
intelligence
(AI),
robotics,
and
internet
of
things
(IoT)
technolo-
gies
has
accelerated
the
de
v
elopment
of
intelligent
syst
ems
capable
of
enhancing
comfort,
safety
,
and
ef
cienc
y
in
smart
homes
[1].
In
this
scenario,
home
assistant
robots
are
promising
solutions
to
support
daily
acti
vities,
especially
for
elderly
indi
viduals
and
people
with
special
needs
[2].
AI
robotics
has
rapidly
e
v
olv
ed
to
trans-
form
home
automation
and
assisti
v
e
technologies.
The
estimate
for
the
year
2050
is
that
there
will
be
2.1
J
ournal
homepage:
http://telk
omnika.uad.ac.id
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
❒
1681
billion
elderly
people
aged
60
years
and
abo
v
e,
while
those
o
v
er
80
years
of
age
will
reach
426
million
[3].
This
gro
wing
demographic
identied
the
ur
gent
need
to
design
af
fordable
intelligent
systems
that
ensure
re-
liable
assistance
to
the
elderly
and
disabled
while
perpetuating
their
safety
along
with
their
independence
in
daily
life
and
preser
ving
their
quality
of
life.
Research
sho
ws
the
healthcare
industry
and
domestic
en
vironment
require
more
assisti
v
e
robots
because
of
w
orkforce
shortages
and
the
spik
e
in
chronic
diseases
[4].
Standalone
robotic
solutions
ha
v
e
become
more
important
than
e
v
er
because
the
corona
virus
disease
2019
(CO
VID-19)
pandemic
demands
equipment
for
limiting
human
contact
during
essential
service
deli
v
ery
[5].
The
mark
et
has
seen
substantial
adv
ancement
in
robotic
home
automation
with
the
de
v
elopment
of
robotic
v
acuum
cleaners
and
smart
home
de
vices.
These
robotic
systems
w
ork
on
indi
vidual
capabilities
which
hampers
their
v
alue
for
multiple
purposes.
The
e
xtensi
v
e
deplo
yment
of
robotic
systems
f
aces
dif
culties
because
the
y
are
e
xpensi
v
e
to
produce
and
cannot
easily
interact
with
other
systems
while
also
generating
pri
v
ac
y-related
issues
[6].
LUN
A
is
a
mul-
tipurpose
robot
system
since
it
is
capable
of
e
x
ecuting
multiple
operations
simultaneously
,
thereby
deli
v
ering
a
whole
solut
ion
to
a
v
ariety
of
household
needs.
LUN
A
is
able
to
e
x
ecute
the
detection
of
g
as
and
res,
as
well
as
object
recognition,
to
deli
v
er
essential
solutions
for
con
v
enience
ass
essment.
Currently
,
robotics
research
is
centered
on
the
de
v
elopment
of
intelligent
robots
at
a
lo
wer
price.
Literature
has
sho
wn
that
cheaper
robotics
is
able
to
f
acilitate
assistance
for
elderly
patients,
especially
when
implementing
rehabilitation
plans
for
areas
with
poor
medical
f
acilities
[7].
The
usage
of
machine
learning
algorithms,
such
as
Y
ou
Only
Look
Once
(Y
OLO),
enables
robots
to
e
x
ecute
na
vig
ation
with
great
precision,
according
to
this
technology’
s
inte
gration
[8].
LUN
A
further
impro
v
es
other
robotic
de
v
elopments,
bearing
in
mind
its
reduced-cost
design
for
robotic
technologies.
This
paper
discusses
LUN
A
’
s
de
v
elopment
and
implementation,
focusing
on
its
adv
anced
func-
tionalities
and
af
fordable
design.
This
paper
mak
es
the
follo
wing
contrib
utions:
(i)
a
unied
assisti
v
e
robotic
system
inte
grating
na
vig
ation,
intelligent
perception,
safety
monitoring,
human-robot
interaction,
and
smart
home
control
within
a
single
platform;
(ii)
design
and
implementation
of
a
multi-controller
embedded
architec-
ture
using
Arduino,
Raspberry
Pi,
and
ESP32
for
ef
cient
sensing,
processing,
communication,
and
actuation;
and
(iii)
e
xperimental
e
v
aluation
of
system
performance
in
terms
of
na
vig
ation
accurac
y
,
obje
ct
detection
ac-
curac
y
,
emer
genc
y
response
time,
smart
home
control
latenc
y
,
and
cleaning
ef
cienc
y
in
a
real-w
orld
indoor
en
vironment.
The
proposed
LUN
A
system
inte
grates
i
ntelligent
home
assistance
functionalities,
including
auto-
nomous
na
vig
ation,
AI-based
object
recognition,
gesture
interaction,
real-time
hazard
detection,
mobile
ap-
plication
control,
and
automated
cleaning
within
a
lo
w-cost
platform.
Unlik
e
e
xisting
system
s
that
focus
on
isolated
functionalities,
the
proposed
frame
w
ork
introduces
a
coordinated
multi-controller
architecture
that
en-
ables
real-time
interaction
between
perception,
mobility
,
and
safety
subsystems,
ensuring
synchronized
and
ef
cient
operat
ion
in
dynamic
indoor
en
vironments.
This
unied
design
allo
ws
seamless
coordi
n
a
tion
among
sensing,
processing,
and
actuation
modules,
impro
ving
system
responsi
v
eness
and
operational
ef
cienc
y
.
Fur
-
thermore,
the
system
i
s
v
alidated
through
e
xperimental
e
v
aluation
in
real-w
orl
d
indoor
en
vironments,
demon-
strating
its
practical
applicability
for
elderly
and
disabled
users.
The
remainder
of
this
paper
is
structured
as:
recent
related
w
ork
is
discussed
in
section
2.
Section
3
comprehensi
v
ely
analyzes
the
proposed
method
and
implementation
details
of
the
system.
Section
4
e
v
aluates
the
system’
s
outcomes
and
performance,
and
section
5
presents
the
conclusion
and
future
direction
of
this
w
ork.
2.
LITERA
TURE
REVIEW
Assisti
v
e
robotics
and
smart
hom
e
automation
systems
ha
v
e
e
v
olv
ed
signicantly
to
support
elderly
and
disabled
indi
viduals
through
intelligent
monitoring
[9],
gesture-based
control,
en
vironmental
sensing
[10],
and
AI-dri
v
en
interaction.
Prior
studies
ha
v
e
e
xplored
v
arious
aspects
of
assisti
v
e
technologies,
including
smart
path
follo
wing
for
restaurants
and
hospitality
[11],
gesture
recognition
for
home
automation
[12]-[14],
socially
assisti
v
e
robotic
frame
w
orks
for
elderly
care
[15]-[17],
nursing-support
robotic
systems
[18]-[20],
healthcare-
oriented
automation
platforms
[21],
[22],
and
IoT
-based
multipurpose
home
assistants
with
object
detection
capabilities
[23]-[25].
These
studies
ha
v
e
sho
wn
signicant
de
v
elopments
in
the
inte
gration
of
v
arious
sensors,
AI,
and
distant
communication
technology
systems.
Ho
we
v
er
,
some
of
these
systems
may
ha
v
e
limitations
when
it
comes
to
their
multifunctionality
,
cost-ef
fecti
v
eness,
scalability
,
autonomous
mobility
,
and
thorough
hazard
detection.
Some
of
the
robots
ha
v
e
been
more
focused
on
addressing
social
interactions
[15],
health
monitoring
[21],
and
gesture-based
controls
[12],
others
ha
v
e
addressed
limitations
such
as
system
comple
xity
A
unied
articial
intellig
ence-enabled
intellig
ent
home
assistant
r
obot
for
...
(Md.
T
aslim
Arif)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1682
❒
ISSN:
1693-6930
[18],
[23].
Ne
v
ertheless,
the
use
of
multi-robot
systems
for
emotional
and
household
support
w
as
also
e
xplored
[26].
Y
et,
the
necessity
of
a
cost-ef
fecti
v
e,
inte
grated,
and
safe
intelligent
assistant
remains
a
requirement.
Henceforth,
the
LUN
A
system
proposed
in
the
paper
bridges
the
g
aps,
inte
grating
a
cost-ef
fecti
v
e
and
safe
frame
w
ork
that
implements
object
recognition
using
AI,
autonomous
na
vig
ation,
human
follo
wing,
en
viron-
mental
hazard
detection,
a
cleaning
feature,
and
mobile-based
remote
control.
T
o
well
illustrat
e
the
g
ap
in
the
e
xisting
system
and
the
proposed
system,
T
able
1
summarizes
the
comparison
of
the
current
w
ork
and
proposed
LUN
A
robot
system.
As
sho
wn
in
the
table
comparing
the
LUN
A
proposed
robot
and
the
e
xisting
w
ork,
the
intelligent
robot
proposed
is
observ
ed
to
inte
grate
object
recognition
using
AI,
autonomous
na
vig
ation,
human
follo
wing,
g
as
and
re
hazard
detection,
a
cleaning
feature,
and
mobile
remote
control
within
a
unied
and
cost-ef
fecti
v
e
frame
w
ork.
T
able
1.
Summary
of
related
w
orks
compared
with
the
proposed
LUN
A
system
K
e
y
aspect
[12]
[15]
[18]
[21]
[23]
LUN
A
Gesture
recognition
Y
es
Limited
No
Y
es
Y
es
Y
es
AI-based
object
detection
No
P
artial
No
P
artial
Y
es
(Y
OLOv8)
Custom
Y
OLOv8
Autonomous
na
vig
ation
No
No
Y
es
Limited
No
Y
es
Health/social
assistance
No
Y
es
Y
es
Y
es
P
artial
Y
es
Gas/re
detection
No
No
No
Emer
genc
y
only
Y
es
Y
es
Remote
app
control
No
Y
es
Limited
Y
es
Y
es
Y
es
Cleaning
functionality
No
No
No
No
No
Y
es
Cost-ef
fecti
v
e
inte
grated
design
Limited
Costly
Prototype
Needs
v
alidation
Moderate
Y
es
3.
METHODOLOGY
The
proposed
approach
is
an
intelligent
embedded
platform
using
Arduino,
Raspberry
Pi,
and
ESP32
to
pro
vide
sensing,
automation,
and
remote
communication.
Arduino
is
used
as
the
main
contr
o
l
ler
,
which
controls
g
as
and
ame
detection
using
sensors,
turns
on
the
b
uzze
r
,
and
sends
emer
genc
y
calls
with
a
global
system
for
mobile
communications
(GSM)
module.
It
controls
v
acuum
cleaning,
supports
human-follo
wing
mobility
with
motor
dri
v
ers,
infrared
(IR),
and
ultrasonic
sensors,
and
pro
vides
Bluetooth-based
control.
The
Raspberry
P
i
is
us
ed
to
enhance
the
syst
em
with
a
camera-based
image
and
gesture
recognition
using
Y
OLOv8
and
pro
vides
serv
o-based
actuations.
The
ESP32
is
responsible
for
inb
uilt
mobile
app
inte
gration,
en
viron-
mental
monitoring
through
the
digital
humidity
a
n
d
temperature
(DHT)
sensor
,
and
remote
control
of
output
de
vices.
These
all
together
support
a
coherent
multifunctional
smart
automation
system.
3.1.
System
achitectur
e
LUN
A
is
intended
to
be
a
multifunctional
IoT
-based
and
AI-assisted
assistant
robot.
In
this
de
vice,
v
arious
sensing,
processing,
and
e
x
ecuting
modules
are
inte
grated.
The
system
includes
an
embedded
con-
troller
module,
en
vironment
sensing
modules
,
a
na
vig
ation
module,
and
communication
modules.
The
system
architecture
of
the
proposed
system
is
sho
wn
in
Figure
1.
Figure
1.
System
architecture
of
the
proposed
intelligent
home
assistant
robot
sho
wing
sensing,
processing,
and
communication
modules
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control,
V
ol.
24,
No.
5,
October
2026:
1680–1689
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
❒
1683
3.2.
Hard
war
e
and
softwar
e
components
A
comprehensi
v
e
list
of
t
he
essential
hardw
are
and
softw
are
components,
as
well
as
the
v
arious
cost
s,
is
pro
vided
in
T
able
2.
This
table
reintroduces
and
combines
v
arious
microcontrollers,
sensors,
actuators,
as
well
as
communication
modules,
with
a
focus
placed
on
softw
are.
Inte
gration
of
embedded
softw
are
and
mobile
applications
enhances
their
usa
b
i
lity
,
while
AI-po
wered
object
detection
will
further
strengthen
the
capability
of
the
system.
This
functional
prototype
cost
can
be
esti
mated
to
be
around
177.49
United
States
dollar
(USD),
thus
making
it
cost-ef
fecti
v
e.
Ho
we
v
er
,
in
the
case
of
the
operational
prototype
with
similar
congurations,
it
may
increase.
T
able
2.
Detailed
list
of
hardw
are
components
used
in
the
proposed
system
with
corresponding
costs
(USD)
Component
cate
gory
(Items
included)
Cost
(USD)
Microcontrollers
(Raspberry
Pi
5,
ESP32,
Arduino
Uno)
130.34
Sensors
(ultrasonic,
IR,
MQ2,
ame)
5.50
Actuators
(direct
current
(DC)
motors,
2
serv
o
motors)
5.00
Communication
modules
(GSM,
wireless
delity
(W
i-Fi))
16.40
Other
components
(Pi
camera,
cables,
chassis)
20.25
T
otal
hardw
are
cost
177.49
4.
EXPERIMENT
AL
SETUP
AND
RESUL
TS
LUN
A
w
as
tested
in
a
c
o
nt
rolled
indoor
e
n
vir
on
m
ent
designed
t
o
replicate
real-w
orld
home
condi-
tions.
The
e
xperimental
setup
consisted
of
a
3
m
×
3
m
area
furnished
with
household
objects
to
e
v
aluate
na
vig
ation
and
object
detection
performance.
As
sho
wn
in
Figure
2,
a
human
subject
w
as
in
v
olv
ed
in
trials
to
assess
human-follo
wing
capability
.
Simulated
g
as
leaks
and
re
hazards
were
introduced
to
test
the
emer
genc
y
alert
system,
and
W
i-Fi-enabled
home
appliances
were
used
to
v
erify
remote
control
functionalities.
Each
feature
w
as
tested
under
multiple
scenarios
to
v
alidate
performance
consistenc
y
and
ef
cienc
y
.
Figure
2.
P
ath
na
vig
ation
and
human-follo
wing
performance
of
the
robot
in
a
controlled
indoor
en
vironment
4.1.
Human
f
ollo
wing
and
na
vigation
LUN
A
uses
ultrasonic
and
IR
sensors
to
detect
human
presence
and
track
the
user
.
The
process
is
described
in
(1):
Distance
ultrasonic
=
Speed
of
sound
×
T
ime
of
ight
(1)
This
equation
calculates
the
distance
between
the
robot
and
the
user
based
on
the
time
it
tak
es
for
the
ultrasonic
signal
to
tra
v
el.
The
system
uses
this
distance
to
detect
human
presence.
Angle
IR
=
arctan
∆
y
∆
x
(2)
The
IR
sensor
detects
the
user’
s
posi
tion
by
calculating
the
angle
based
on
the
relati
v
e
change
in
position.
The
robot
then
tracks
and
follo
ws
the
user
based
on
this
angle
and
the
distance
from
the
sensors.
A
unied
articial
intellig
ence-enabled
intellig
ent
home
assistant
r
obot
for
...
(Md.
T
aslim
Arif)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1684
❒
ISSN:
1693-6930
4.2.
Object
detection
and
gestur
e-based
assistance
LUN
A
inte
grates
both
object
detection
and
gesture-based
assistance
to
enhance
its
functionality
for
smart
home
automation,
the
processes
are
as
follo
ws.
4.2.1.
Object
detection
using
Y
OLOv8
model
LUN
A
captures
an
image
using
its
onboard
camera
and
processes
the
image
with
the
Y
OLOv8
model
to
detect
household
objects.
The
detection
process
is
represented
as
(3).
Object
detected
=
Y
OLOv8
(
I
input
)
(3)
Here,
I
input
represents
the
captured
image,
and
the
model
processes
the
image
to
detect
objects,
resulting
in
Object
detected
,
which
are
the
identied
household
objects.
After
processing
the
image,
LUN
A
retrie
v
es
and
recognizes
the
detected
objects,
assisting
in
locating
them
within
the
en
vironment.
Figure
3(a)
sho
ws
the
object
detection
outcome.
4.2.2.
Gestur
e-based
assistance
using
Raspberry
Pi
and
Pi
camera
LUN
A
emplo
ys
a
R
aspberry
Pi
and
Pi
Camera
to
capture
and
recognize
hand
gestures
for
hands-free
home
control.
The
captured
image
I
gesture
is
processed
using
a
gesture
recognition
model,
e
xpressed
as
(4).
Gesture
detected
=
Gesture
Model
(
I
gesture
)
(4)
where
the
identied
gesture
triggers
the
corresponding
action,
such
as
acti
v
ating
alarms
or
controlling
appli-
ances.
This
approach
enables
intuiti
v
e
and
touchles
s
interaction.
Object
detection
and
gesture
recognition
performance
is
illustrated
in
Figures
3(a)
and
(b),
respecti
v
ely
.
(a)
(b)
Figure
3.
Object
detection
and
gesture
recognition
results:
(a)
object
detection
results
using
the
Y
OLOv8
model
for
real-time
identication
of
household
objects
and
(b)
gesture
recognition
for
user
interaction
using
camera-based
detection
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control,
V
ol.
24,
No.
5,
October
2026:
1680–1689
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
❒
1685
4.3.
Gas
and
r
e
detection
LUN
A
monitors
en
vironmental
sensors
to
detect
g
as
and
re
hazards.
The
detection
process
can
be
described
as
follo
ws.
4.3.1.
Gas
detection
using
MQ2
sensor
The
MQ2
g
as
sensor
detects
the
presence
of
g
ases
by
measuring
the
resistance
change
in
the
sensor
.
The
g
as
concentration
(
C
g
as
)
can
be
calculated
based
on
the
ratio
of
the
resistance
of
the
load
resistor
(
R
load
)
to
the
resistance
of
the
sensing
material
(
R
sensing
):
C
g
as
=
R
load
R
sensing
(5)
Here,
R
load
is
the
resistance
of
the
load
resistor
,
R
sensing
is
the
resistance
of
the
sensing
material.
If
the
g
as
concentration
e
xceeds
a
predened
threshold,
it
indicates
the
presence
of
a
g
as
leak.
4.3.2.
Fir
e
detection
using
ame
sensor
The
ame
sensor
detects
re
by
measuring
the
intensity
of
the
light
emitted
by
the
ame.
The
output
v
oltage
(
V
ame
)
from
the
sensor
can
be
calculated
as
(6):
V
ame
=
I
ame
×
R
sensor
(6)
Here
V
ame
is
the
v
oltage
output
from
the
ame
sens
or
,
I
ame
is
the
current
generated
by
the
ame’
s
light
intensity
,
R
sensor
is
the
resistance
of
the
ame
sensor
.
If
the
output
v
oltage
e
xceeds
the
threshold,
it
indicates
the
presence
of
re.
The
re
detection
process
is
demonstrated
in
Figure
4(a),
whe
re
the
ame
sensor
detects
the
presence
of
a
ame
on
the
robot.
When
either
g
as
or
re
is
detected,
the
system
immediately
triggers
an
alert
to
notify
the
user
,
as
sho
wn
in
Figure
4(b).
In
addition,
the
system
sends
notications
through
SMS
and
phone
calls,
as
illustrated
in
Figure
4(c).
This
ensures
that
the
user
is
promptly
notied
of
the
detected
hazard.
Figure
4.
Emer
genc
y
detection
system
for
g
as
and
re
hazards
with
real-time
alert
response:
(a)
ame
detection
by
the
robot,
(b)
alert
notication
displayed
on
the
smartphone,
and
(c)
SMS
notications
for
detected
g
as
and
re
hazards
4.4.
Smart
home
contr
ol
via
mobile
app
LUN
A
helps
the
user
control
and
interact
with
their
respecti
v
e
smart
objects
such
as
lights,
f
ans,
and
appliances
via
a
bespok
e
mobile
application,
and
at
the
same
time,
users
will
be
able
to
enjo
y
the
ability
to
observ
e
their
respecti
v
e
en
vironments
in
real-time.
As
depicted
in
Figure
5,
the
maj
o
r
pages
of
the
de
v
eloped
mobile
application
will
be
able
to
of
fer
easy
interaction
with
the
robot’
s
status,
location,
and
conditions.
A
unied
articial
intellig
ence-enabled
intellig
ent
home
assistant
r
obot
for
...
(Md.
T
aslim
Arif)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1686
❒
ISSN:
1693-6930
Figure
5.
Mobile
application
interf
ace
for
monitoring,
control,
and
interaction
with
the
robot
4.5.
A
utomated
oor
cleaning
LUN
A
’
s
v
acuum
cleaning
system
is
po
wered
by
an
Arduino
Uno
with
a
DC
motor
coupled
with
a
f
an
to
pro
vide
automated
oor
cleaning.
The
suction
created
from
the
DC
motor
sucks
the
dust
and
deposits
it
into
a
compartment.
W
i
th
the
inclusion
of
a
camera,
the
t
rolle
y
can
e
x
ecute
na
vig
ation
with
high
precision.
Moreo
v
er
,
this
trolle
y
can
also
be
controlled
using
an
y
mobile
application.
The
system
resulted
in
an
a
v
erage
cleaning
ef
cienc
y
of
88.7%.
4.6.
Comparati
v
e
analysis
of
r
esult
T
o
highlight
its
ef
fecti
v
eness,
LUN
A
is
e
v
aluated
ag
ainst
e
xisting
smart
assistant
and
static
IoT
-based
home
automation
systems.
Unlik
e
x
ed
sensor
-based
solutions,
LUN
A
of
fers
dynamic
en
vironmental
inter
-
action
through
mobilit
y
.
It
achie
v
es
91.2%
object
detection
accurac
y
using
Y
OLOv8
and
93.5%
na
vig
ation
accurac
y
,
outperforming
comparable
lo
w-cost
robotic
systems
reported
in
prior
studies.
The
system
records
a
f
ast
emer
genc
y
response
time
of
2.5
seconds
and
a
smart
home
control
latenc
y
of
1.2
seconds,
demonstrating
superior
responsi
v
eness
compared
to
con
v
entional
static
detection
systems.
T
able
3
represents
performance
e
v
aluation
of
our
de
v
eloped
intelligent
home
assistant
robot
LUN
A.
In
general,
the
results
conrm
that
LUN
A
pro
vides
ef
cient
and
intelligent
home
automation
by
inte
grating
AI
and
IoT
technologies.
T
able
3.
Performance
e
v
aluation
of
our
de
v
eloped
intelligent
home
assistant
robot
LUN
A
Metric
V
alue
Na
vig
ation
accurac
y
93.5%
Object
detection
(Y
OLOv8)
91.2%
Emer
genc
y
response
time
2.5
s
Home
control
latenc
y
1.2
s
Cleaning
ef
cienc
y
88.7%
5.
CONCLUSION
The
proposed
LUN
A
system
presents
a
unied
home
assistant
robot
that
inte
grates
na
vig
ation,
per
-
ception,
safety
monitoring,
and
user
interaction
within
a
single
lo
w-cost
platform.
The
system
successfully
combines
multiple
assisti
v
e
functionalities,
including
object
detection,
human-follo
wing,
hazard
detection,
and
smart
home
control,
demonstrating
its
applicability
for
real-w
orld
indoor
en
vironments.
The
e
xperimental
re-
sults
conrm
that
the
proposed
approach
pro
vides
reliable
performance
and
practical
applicability
,
particularly
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control,
V
ol.
24,
No.
5,
October
2026:
1680–1689
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
❒
1687
for
elder
ly
and
disabled
users.
Despite
its
ef
fecti
v
eness,
the
system
has
certain
limitations
related
to
process-
ing
latenc
y
,
po
wer
consumption,
and
multi-de
vice
comple
xity
.
Future
w
ork
will
focus
on
optimizing
system
architecture,
impro
ving
real-time
performance
using
adv
anced
AI
techniques,
and
incorporating
cloud-based
inte
gration
for
enhanced
scalability
and
data
management.
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a,
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l
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Indepen-
dently
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ien,
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onk
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asak
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orras,
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situ
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social
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xpert
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wledge
and
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”
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A
unied
articial
intellig
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intellig
ent
home
assistant
r
obot
for
...
(Md.
T
aslim
Arif)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1688
❒
ISSN:
1693-6930
Assistant,
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BIOGRAPHIES
OF
A
UTHORS
Md.
T
aslim
Arif
recei
v
ed
his
B.Sc.
and
is
currentl
y
pursuing
his
M.Sc.
in
Internet
of
Things
and
Robotics
Engineering
from
the
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
,
Bangladesh.
He
is
currently
a
Lecturer
in
the
Department
of
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
at
Daf
fodil
International
Uni
v
ersity
,
Bangladesh.
His
research
interests
include
embedded
systems,
IoT
,
robotics,
and
AI-
inte
grated
intelligent
systems,
with
a
focus
on
intelligent
automation
and
c
yber
-ph
ysical
systems
.
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
1801030@iot.uftb
.ac.bd.
Ab
u
Salyh
Muhammad
Mussa
recei
v
ed
his
B.Sc.
in
IoT
and
Robotics
Engineering
from
the
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
,
Bangladesh,
and
is
currently
pursuing
his
M.Sc.
in
the
same
eld.
He
is
w
orking
as
an
Associate
Engineer
(IoT
and
T
elematics
)
at
Bongo
IoT
,
Bangladesh,
con-
trib
uting
to
AI-po
wered
telematics
and
smart
automation
solutions.
Hi
s
research
interests
include
em-
bedded
systems,
IoT
,
robotics,
AI,
and
intelligent
c
yber
-ph
ysical
sys
tems,
with
a
focus
on
real-time
automation
and
smart
urban
technologies.
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
ab
usalyh43@gmail.com.
J
ul
J
alal
Al-Mamur
Say
or
is
a
Lecturer
in
the
Department
of
Softw
are
Engineering
at
Daf
fodil
International
Uni
v
ersity
.
He
completed
his
B.Sc.
(Engr
.)
in
IoT
and
Robotic
s
Engineering
from
UFTB,
securing
the
rst
position
i
n
his
f
aculty
,
and
is
currently
pursuing
an
M.Sc.
in
Robotics
and
Mechatronics
Engineering
at
the
Uni
v
ersity
of
Dhaka.
His
research
interests
encompass
deep
neural
netw
orks,
liquid
neural
netw
orks,
vision
amba,
and
the
IoT
.
Throughout
his
career
,
he
has
been
recognized
with
se
v
eral
teaching
and
academic
a
w
ards
for
his
contrib
utions
and
achie
v
ements.
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
mamur
.swe@diu.edu.bd.
Md.
Ashiqussal
ehin
obtained
his
M.Sc.
in
Computer
Science
and
Information
T
echnol-
ogy
(CSIT)
in
2021
and
his
B.Sc.
in
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
(CSE)
in
2019
from
P
atu-
akhali
Science
and
T
echnology
Uni
v
ersity
,
Bangladesh.
He
is
currently
serving
as
a
Lecturer
in
the
Department
of
IoT
and
Robotics
Engineering
at
the
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
,
Bangladesh.
Pre
viously
,
he
w
ork
ed
as
a
Lecturer
in
the
Department
of
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
at
Green
Uni
v
ersity
of
Bangladesh
and
Uttara
Uni
v
ersity
.
He
also
w
ork
ed
as
a
Softw
are
Engineer
at
Mangro
v
e
Systems
Banglade
sh.
His
research
i
nterests
include
IoT
,
robotics
and
automation,
machine
learning
(ML),
c
yber
-ph
ysical
systems,
and
unmanned
aerial
v
ehicles
(U
A
Vs).
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
ashiqussalehin0001@uftb
.ac.bd.
Md.
Mehedi
Hasan
recei
v
ed
his
B.S.
(Hons)
de
gree
in
Mathematics
and
M.S.
in
Pure
Mathematics
from
the
Uni
v
ersity
of
Dhaka.
He
is
w
orking
as
a
Lecturer
in
the
Department
of
General
Education,
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
,
Bangladesh.
His
research
interest
is
on
mathematical
biology
,
agrosciences,
mathematical
programming
and
dif
ferent
areas
of
operation
research
optimiza-
tion
and
ML.
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
mehedi0001@uftb
.ac.bd.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control,
V
ol.
24,
No.
5,
October
2026:
1680–1689
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
❒
1689
Mst
Deloara
Khushi
is
current
ly
a
Lecturer
in
the
Department
of
Cyber
Security
Engi-
neering,
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
,
Bangladesh.
W
ith
an
M.Sc.
in
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
from
Jag
annath
Uni
v
ersity
(JnU),
Bangladesh,
and
a
B.Sc.
in
the
same
eld
from
Hajee
Mohammad
Danesh
Science
and
T
echnology
Uni
v
ersity
.
Her
current
focus
lies
at
ML,
particularly
deep
learning
techniques,
and
the
critical
eld
of
c
yber
security
.
She
can
be
contacted
at
email:
khushi0001@uftb
.ac.bd.
Md.
Moshiur
Rahman
obtained
his
M.Sc.
in
Softw
are
Engineering
from
the
Institute
of
Information
T
echnology
(IIT),
Uni
v
ersity
of
Dhaka
in
2022,
and
his
B.Sc.
in
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
from
P
atuakhali
Science
and
T
echnology
Uni
v
ersity
(PSTU)
in
2019.
He
w
ork
ed
as
a
lecturer
in
the
Department
of
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
at
Green
Uni
v
ersity
of
Bangladesh
(GUB)
from
February
2,
2021,
to
August
30,
2023.
Currently
,
he
is
a
lecturer
in
the
Department
of
Softw
are
Engineering
at
Uni
v
ersity
of
Frontier
T
echnology
,
Bangladesh
(UFTB),
starting
from
January
1,
2024.
His
research
interests
include
softw
are
engineering,
ML,
data
science,
transportation
modeling
and
pattern
recognition.
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
moshiur0001@uftb
.ac.bd.
A
unied
articial
intellig
ence-enabled
intellig
ent
home
assistant
r
obot
for
...
(Md.
T
aslim
Arif)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.