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m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
(
F
C
C
)
[
1
6
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
s
e
b
an
d
s
,
t
h
e
2
8
GH
z
b
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
as
it
i
s
p
er
ce
iv
ed
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
f
o
r
5
G
an
d
is
alr
ea
d
y
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
o
f
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
ts
in
s
o
m
e
r
eg
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
elec
tio
n
is
d
r
iv
en
b
y
t
h
e
an
tic
ip
atio
n
o
f
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
tiv
e
d
ev
ices
(
s
u
ch
as
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es,
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
)
an
d
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
m
il
li
m
e
ter
-
w
a
v
e
(
m
m
W
a
v
e
)
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
to
m
iti
g
ate
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
5
G
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t a
n
d
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
atten
u
atio
n
s
t
y
p
ica
l
o
f
m
m
W
av
e
ch
a
n
n
els
n
ec
es
s
itate
s
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
m
u
l
ti
-
a
n
t
en
n
a
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
at
m
ee
t
co
m
p
ac
tn
e
s
s
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
ese
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
m
u
s
t
al
s
o
b
e
ac
co
m
p
a
n
ied
b
y
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
u
n
it c
o
s
t
s
to
m
ee
t
m
ar
k
et
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
O
n
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
ee
t t
h
ese
cr
iter
ia
i
s
to
li
m
it t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ad
iatin
g
ele
m
e
n
t
s
in
ea
ch
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
g
iv
e
n
th
e
cr
o
w
d
ed
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
it
is
cr
u
cial
th
at
t
h
i
s
li
m
itatio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
m
e
at
th
e
e
x
p
en
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
esire
d
r
ad
iatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
tas
k
f
ac
ed
b
y
a
5
G
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
e
s
ig
n
er
b
ec
o
m
e
s
a
co
m
p
le
x
c
h
alle
n
g
e,
r
e
q
u
ir
in
g
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
citatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
ar
r
a
y
e
le
m
e
n
t
s
b
u
t
also
t
h
e
ir
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
an
d
p
o
ten
tiall
y
t
h
eir
q
u
a
n
tit
y
.
T
h
i
s
ch
alle
n
g
e
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
f
ield
i
n
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
s
p
ar
s
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
ar
r
a
y
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
s
y
n
t
h
esizi
n
g
s
p
ar
s
e
an
te
n
n
a
ar
r
ay
s
h
a
s
ca
p
tu
r
ed
th
e
in
ter
est
o
f
th
e
s
cie
n
ti
f
ic
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
s
i
n
ce
th
e
1
9
6
0
s
[
1
8
]
,
ex
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
a
r
esu
r
g
e
n
ce
o
f
atten
tio
n
r
ec
en
tl
y
d
u
e
to
its
r
elev
an
ce
i
n
m
o
d
er
n
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
v
ar
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
,
b
o
th
s
to
ch
ast
ic
an
d
d
eter
m
in
i
s
tic,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
9
]
.
Sto
ch
ast
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
en
co
m
p
a
s
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
s
u
ch
a
s
g
e
n
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
[
2
0
]
,
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
[
2
1
]
,
d
if
f
er
en
tia
l
ev
o
lu
tio
n
[
2
2
]
,
an
d
n
atu
r
e
-
in
s
p
ir
ed
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
an
ts
[
2
3
]
,
w
h
ale
s
[
2
4
]
,
an
d
g
r
ey
w
o
lv
e
s
[
2
5
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
d
eter
m
i
n
i
s
tic
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
a
v
e
also
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
No
tab
l
y
,
a
n
o
n
-
iter
ati
v
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
6
]
,
u
tili
zi
n
g
th
e
p
en
ci
l
m
a
tr
ix
m
et
h
o
d
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
a
d
esire
d
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
w
i
th
a
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
lin
ea
r
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
f
ea
t
u
r
in
g
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ele
m
en
ts
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
a
s
er
ies
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
s
,
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
a
s
i
n
g
le
ele
m
en
t
to
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
ar
r
ay
s
o
f
1
×
2
,
1
×
4
,
1
×
8
,
an
d
2
×
8
(
m
m
W
)
,
s
p
ec
if
ica
ll
y
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
a
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
8
GHz
,
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
tr
u
n
ca
ted
‘
U
’
-
s
h
ap
ed
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atc
h
p
r
in
ted
o
n
an
R
T
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
a
n
d
f
ed
b
y
a
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
li
n
e
w
it
h
a
5
0
Ω
m
atc
h
i
n
g
p
o
r
t.
Si
m
u
latio
n
s
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
i
n
g
C
ST
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e.
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
is
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
g
ai
n
,
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
a
s
i
n
g
le
ele
m
e
n
t
u
p
to
1
6
elem
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
th
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
i
n
clu
d
e:
a
s
i
m
p
le
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
c
o
m
p
ac
t
s
ize,
h
i
g
h
g
ai
n
,
an
d
c
o
n
s
o
lid
atio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
an
ten
n
a
s
t
u
d
ies
i
n
to
a
s
in
g
le
p
ap
er
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
E
x
ten
s
i
v
e
r
esear
ch
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
h
i
g
h
-
g
ai
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
es
ig
n
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
t
h
e
2
8
GHz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e,
as
t
h
is
b
an
d
h
o
ld
s
g
r
ea
t
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
f
o
r
5
G
w
ir
eless
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
.
Gi
v
en
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
5
G
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ic
h
d
e
m
a
n
d
n
e
w
a
n
te
n
n
a
t
y
p
es
,
th
i
s
h
as
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ex
c
iti
n
g
ch
allen
g
e
f
o
r
an
te
n
n
a
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
lead
in
g
t
h
e
m
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
ev
er
al
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
b
elo
w
.
A
n
an
ten
n
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
s
tu
d
ied
in
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
[
2
7
]
m
an
a
g
ed
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
g
ai
n
o
f
1
2
d
B
i
at
2
8
GHz
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
it
f
ac
ed
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ies
in
o
b
tain
i
n
g
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
m
atch
in
g
in
th
e
b
a
n
d
(
-
1
5
d
B
)
,
an
d
it
s
s
iz
e
w
a
s
5
3
×2
0
m
m
²,
w
h
ic
h
m
ad
e
it
r
elati
v
el
y
lar
g
e
f
o
r
in
teg
r
at
io
n
i
n
to
a
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e.
An
o
t
h
er
s
tu
d
y
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
an
8
-
ele
m
en
t
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
[
2
8
]
,
b
u
t
d
esp
ite
th
at,
it
o
n
l
y
ac
h
iev
ed
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
g
ai
n
o
f
9
.
8
9
d
B
i,
in
d
icatin
g
its
li
m
itatio
n
i
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
o
p
er
atin
g
in
a
d
e
m
an
d
i
n
g
5
G
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
r
esea
r
ch
er
s
al
s
o
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
8
-
ele
m
e
n
t
a
n
te
n
n
a
ar
r
a
y
[
2
9
]
,
r
ea
ch
in
g
a
m
ax
i
m
u
m
g
ain
o
f
9
.
5
7
d
B
i
at
2
8
GHz
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
is
d
esig
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
8
s
ep
ar
ate
p
o
r
ts
to
f
ee
d
th
e
8
a
n
ten
n
a
ele
m
e
n
ts
,
m
ak
in
g
it
co
s
tl
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t.
An
o
t
h
er
s
tu
d
y
p
r
ese
n
ted
a
1
6
-
ele
m
e
n
t
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
[
3
0
]
,
a
ch
iev
in
g
a
p
ea
k
g
ai
n
o
f
1
6
.
9
d
B
i
in
th
e
2
8
GHz
b
an
d
,
m
a
k
in
g
it
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
5
G
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
a
ch
alle
n
g
e
r
e
m
a
in
s
d
u
e
to
its
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
s
ize,
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
8
8
×2
5
m
m
².
An
o
th
er
an
ten
n
a,
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
3
1
]
,
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
n
8
-
ele
m
en
t
ar
r
a
y
an
d
m
a
n
a
g
es
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
p
ea
k
g
a
in
o
f
1
2
d
B
i.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
its
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
e
s
ize
o
f
6
6
×1
5
m
m
²
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a
k
es
it
a
b
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l
k
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o
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tio
n
,
a
n
d
its
d
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co
m
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le
x
.
A
d
d
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n
o
th
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t
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te
n
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y
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in
[
3
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]
,
b
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t
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s
ize
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f
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0
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0
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²
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f
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6
.
1
d
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i a
t
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8
G
Hz.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
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e,
Kh
ab
b
a
et
a
l
.
[
3
3
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
s
lo
tted
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ten
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ar
r
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n
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ts
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o
f
1
1
d
B
i.
Ho
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er
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ize
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ak
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o
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A
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in
[
3
4
]
,
r
ea
ch
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m
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ten
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5
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o
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t
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d
y
,
A
l
i
an
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Seb
ak
[
3
5
]
,
a
cir
cu
lar
l
y
p
o
lar
ized
2
×
2
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
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5
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Ho
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ted
in
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r
e
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o
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8
GHz
5
G
ap
p
licatio
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s
,
m
a
n
y
ex
is
ti
n
g
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tr
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ll s
u
f
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s
s
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c
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p
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ical
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m
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ee
d
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w
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s
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i
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s
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f
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n
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t,
o
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th
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q
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m
e
n
t
o
f
m
u
l
tip
le
f
ee
d
in
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p
o
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ts
.
I
n
ad
d
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s
o
m
e
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ep
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ted
d
esig
n
s
ac
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ig
h
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at
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ex
p
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s
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o
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m
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x
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y
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d
f
ab
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d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
.
T
h
er
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o
r
e,
t
h
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e
r
em
ai
n
s
a
n
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d
f
o
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co
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p
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lab
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an
ten
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ar
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n
f
ig
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r
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ca
p
ab
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atch
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d
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m
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d
i
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g
tec
h
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iq
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e
s
s
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i
tab
le
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
m
m
W
a
v
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5
G
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ed
w
it
h
p
r
ev
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s
s
tu
d
ie
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
g
o
o
d
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
et
w
ee
n
co
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p
ac
t size,
g
ain
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t,
b
an
d
w
id
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p
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f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
f
ee
d
i
n
g
s
i
m
p
lic
it
y
.
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
E
Q
UA
T
I
O
N
S O
F
M
I
CRO
ST
RIP
AN
T
E
N
NA
T
h
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
etic
u
lo
u
s
ca
lcu
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
3
6
]
,
tak
in
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
)
is
s
et
at
2
8
GHz
,
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
’
s
h
eig
h
t
(
ℎ
)
is
p
r
ec
is
el
y
0
.
5
0
8
m
m
,
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
R
o
g
er
s
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
(
)
is
estab
lis
h
ed
at
2
.
2
,
an
d
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
lig
h
t
(
)
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
3
×
10
8
m
/s
.
T
o
ar
r
iv
e
at
th
e
s
e
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
,
estab
lis
h
ed
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
,
as
o
u
tli
n
ed
in
r
ef
er
en
ce
[
3
7
]
,
ar
e
m
etic
u
lo
u
s
l
y
ap
p
lied
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
a
s
tep
-
by
-
s
tep
m
a
n
n
er
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
s
f
o
r
c
alcu
lati
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e
w
id
th
a
n
d
le
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
r
ad
iati
n
g
p
atch
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
[
3
8
]
,
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
i
n
(
1
)
[
3
9
]
.
=
0
2
√
2
+
1
(
1
)
L
e
n
g
t
h
,
=
0
2
√
−
2
∆
(
2
)
w
h
er
e,
is
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
d
ielec
t
r
ic
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n
s
tan
t a
n
d
is
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ten
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n
l
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h
,
=
+
1
2
+
−
1
2
1
√
1
+
12
ℎ
(
3
)
∆
=
0
.
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(
+
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.
3
)
(
ℎ
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.
264
)
(
−
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.
258
)
(
ℎ
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.
8
)
(
4
)
T
h
e
w
id
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a
n
d
len
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
m
icr
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s
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ip
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b
y
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s
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t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la,
−
1
[
(
−
1
)
+
0
.
39
−
0
.
6
]
(
5
)
Fo
r
ℎ
>
2
ℎ
=
8
2
−
2
ℎ
<
2
(
6
)
w
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er
e
,
=
0
60
√
+
1
2
+
−
1
+
1
(
0
.
23
+
0
.
11
)
(
7
)
an
d
=
377
2
0
√
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
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KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
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m
m
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Hig
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4.
ANT
E
NNA
D
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SI
G
N
4
.
1
.
Sin
g
le
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m
ent
a
nte
nn
a
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
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atch
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ied
o
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C
ST
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
(
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
i
m
u
lato
r
o
r
HFSS
)
,
r
ely
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
las
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
e
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
as
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
ed
ete
r
m
in
ed
w
id
t
h
a
n
d
len
g
t
h
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
,
w
it
h
a
f
ee
d
p
o
in
t
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
at
its
lo
w
er
en
d
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
w
er
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
:
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
d
en
o
ted
,
w
a
s
s
et
at
2
8
GHz
;
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
t
h
ick
n
es
s
,
ℎ
,
is
0
.
5
0
8
m
m
;
th
e
ch
o
s
e
n
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
is
R
o
g
er
s
5
8
8
0
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
a
p
er
m
itti
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it
y
o
f
2
.
2
an
d
a
lo
w
lo
s
s
tan
g
e
n
t
o
f
0
.
0
0
0
9
;
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
s
p
ee
d
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
i
s
t
h
at
o
f
li
g
h
t,
i.e
.
,
3
×
10
8
m
/s
.
T
h
e
n
et
w
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r
k
l
a
y
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
i
s
d
etailed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
s
h
o
w
in
g
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
t
w
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co
p
p
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f
lar
es
p
lace
d
o
n
eith
er
s
id
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o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
w
h
ic
h
is
th
e
f
e
ed
p
o
in
t.
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
i
p
lin
e
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
p
r
esen
t
s
a
co
m
p
ac
t
d
esig
n
w
it
h
o
v
er
all
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
×
.
T
h
e
d
etails
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
b
o
th
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
s
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lated
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m
en
t
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n
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
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g
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n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
d
esig
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
in
g
l
e
ele
m
en
t a
t 2
8
GHz
T
ab
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ates
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T
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ates
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
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26
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ates
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s
r
ep
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ted
in
[
2
8
]
–
[
3
5
]
,
th
e
p
r
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p
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h
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ak
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m
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CO
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SI
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h
is
p
ap
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d
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a
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r
ip
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n
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ar
r
ay
s
f
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r
m
m
W
a
v
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5
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ap
p
lic
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n
s
.
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v
er
al
s
ca
lab
le
an
te
n
n
a
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
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s
,
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n
cl
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d
in
g
s
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le
-
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m
e
n
t,
1
×2
,
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,
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,
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d
2
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ar
r
ay
s
,
w
e
r
e
d
esig
n
ed
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d
a
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al
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s
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g
C
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r
o
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e
St
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h
e
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tain
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lt
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
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g
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it
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th
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m
atch
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d
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c
h
ar
ac
ter
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.
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h
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p
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a
ar
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s
p
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o
d
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ad
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o
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p
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m
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t,
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d
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d
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ce
,
m
a
k
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m
s
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itab
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d
id
ates
f
o
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t
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g
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-
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ate
5
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co
m
m
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n
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tio
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s
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m
s
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n
ad
d
itio
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,
th
e
p
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p
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s
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f
ee
d
i
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g
tech
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iq
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o
f
f
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s
a
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elati
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m
p
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d
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f
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ti
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s
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f
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s
ca
lab
le
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
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y
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m
p
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m
en
ta
tio
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at
m
m
W
a
v
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
.
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t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
w
ill
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
an
ten
n
a
f
ab
r
icatio
n
,
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
v
a
lid
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n
,
an
d
th
e
in
te
g
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o
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b
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m
-
s
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tec
h
n
iq
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f
o
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ad
v
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d
p
h
ased
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ar
r
a
y
5
G
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
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M
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S
T
h
e
au
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r
s
t
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n
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n
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m
atio
n
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y
s
te
m
s
an
d
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
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d
elm
ale
k
E
s
s
aâ
d
i U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
,
T
etu
an
,
M
o
r
o
cc
o
,
f
o
r
p
ar
tially
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
.
F
UNDIN
G
I
NF
O
RM
AT
I
O
N
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
n
o
s
p
ec
if
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r
esear
ch
g
r
an
t,
f
u
n
d
in
g
ag
en
c
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
o
r
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ac
t
w
a
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
o
r
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
A
t
t
a
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
5
G
sy
st
e
m
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
smar
t
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s:
st
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
N
e
u
ro
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
1
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
5
/
2
0
2
2
/
2
4
7
6
8
4
1
.
[
2
]
Y
.
F
e
n
g
,
J.
W
e
i
,
P
.
D
i
n
h
,
M
.
G
h
o
sh
a
l
,
a
n
d
D
.
K
o
u
t
so
n
i
k
o
l
a
s,
“
B
e
a
m
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
i
n
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
5
G
mm
W
a
v
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
7
t
h
AC
M
Wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
o
n
Mi
l
l
i
m
e
t
e
r
-
W
a
v
e
a
n
d
T
e
r
a
h
e
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t
z
N
e
t
w
o
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k
s
a
n
d
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e
n
s
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n
g
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
–
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/
3
6
1
5
3
6
0
.
3
6
2
5
0
9
2
.
[
3
]
J.
B
o
o
d
a
i
,
A
.
A
l
q
a
h
t
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
F
r
i
k
h
a
,
“
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
p
h
y
si
c
a
l
l
a
y
e
r
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
i
n
5
G
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,”
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
.
7
2
7
7
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
a
p
p
1
3
1
2
7
2
7
7
.
[
4
]
U
.
A
l
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
D
a
t
a
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
a
n
a
l
y
si
s o
f
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
-
to
-
i
n
d
o
o
r
p
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
5
G
mi
d
-
b
a
n
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s,”
Fu
t
u
re
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
.
2
3
9
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
f
i
1
4
0
8
0
2
3
9
.
[
5
]
H
.
El
ma
n
n
a
i
,
R
.
I
.
A
l
k
a
n
h
e
l
,
H
.
Ş
.
S
a
v
c
i
,
S
.
H
.
K
i
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
S
.
A
b
u
B
a
k
a
r
,
“
D
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
s
u
b
-
6
G
H
z
M
I
M
O
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
sy
st
e
m
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
i
n
smar
t
p
h
o
n
e
s
,
”
Me
a
su
r
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
2
,
p
.
1
1
7
3
8
1
,
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
me
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
.
2
0
2
5
.
1
1
7
3
8
1
.
[
6
]
G
.
G
i
a
n
n
a
k
o
p
o
u
l
o
s
a
n
d
K
.
M
.
S
h
a
i
k
h
,
“
P
h
a
se
d
a
r
r
a
y
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
f
o
r
5
G
a
n
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
:
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
y
b
e
r
n
e
t
i
c
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s(
J
C
C
C
I
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
–
4
9
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
2
7
6
/
j
c
c
c
i
/
2
0
2
5
.
v
1
.
i
1
.
8
.
[
7
]
F
.
Q
a
mar,
S
.
H
.
A
.
K
a
z
mi
,
K
.
A
.
Z.
A
r
i
f
f
i
n
,
M
.
T
a
y
y
a
b
,
a
n
d
Q
.
N
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
-
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
a
r
r
a
y
-
b
a
se
d
m
a
ssi
v
e
M
I
M
O
f
o
r
B
5
G
/
6
G
:
st
a
t
e
o
f
t
h
e
a
r
t
,
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s,
”
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
.
4
4
2
,
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
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n
f
o
1
5
0
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.