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3676
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r
ev
alu
atio
n
b
ec
a
u
s
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
in
cy
b
e
r
s
p
ac
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
i
n
v
o
lv
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
d
ig
ital
eth
ics,
an
d
ci
v
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
leg
al
ed
u
c
atio
n
is
n
o
w
lin
k
ed
to
b
r
o
a
d
er
g
o
als
o
f
s
o
cial
ju
s
t
ice,
eq
u
al
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
law,
a
n
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
t
h
er
eb
y
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
ev
alu
atio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
1
4
]
.
E
x
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
h
as
p
r
im
a
r
ily
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
le
g
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
it
r
ar
ely
co
n
s
id
er
s
leg
al
awa
r
e
n
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
as
a
n
in
te
g
r
ated
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
in
wh
ich
co
n
ten
t,
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
in
ter
ac
t
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
o
u
tco
m
es.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
also
in
d
icate
th
at
civ
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
clin
ical
leg
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
h
u
m
a
n
-
r
ig
h
ts
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
-
leg
al
r
eg
u
l
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ef
f
ec
ts
,
b
u
t
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
f
u
lly
e
x
p
lain
h
o
w
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
n
v
er
t
awa
r
e
n
ess
an
d
attitu
d
es
in
t
o
lawf
u
l
co
n
d
u
ct
i
n
d
i
g
ital
co
n
tex
ts
[
1
5
]
−
[
2
0
]
.
Mo
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
tly
,
litt
le
atten
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
aid
to
ex
p
lain
in
g
w
h
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
leg
al
b
eh
av
io
r
r
em
ain
s
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
d
esp
ite
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
le
v
els
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
attitu
d
es.
T
h
is
lack
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t f
r
am
ewo
r
k
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
er
io
u
s
g
ap
b
o
th
in
th
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
m
ak
es
th
r
ee
ex
p
licit
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
:
i)
it
d
e
v
elo
p
s
an
in
teg
r
ated
ev
alu
atio
n
m
o
d
el
th
at
lin
k
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t,
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
with
a
war
en
ess
,
attitu
d
e,
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
u
tco
m
es;
ii)
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
e
m
p
ir
ical
ev
i
d
en
ce
o
f
th
e
awa
r
e
n
ess
-
attitu
d
e
-
b
eh
av
io
r
g
ap
,
esp
ec
ially
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
lawf
u
l
co
n
d
u
ct
i
n
cy
b
er
s
p
ac
e;
a
n
d
iii)
it
o
f
f
er
s
p
o
licy
-
r
elev
an
t
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
r
e
d
esig
n
in
g
leg
al
awa
r
e
n
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
r
ath
er
th
a
n
a
m
er
ely
co
n
t
en
t
-
b
ased
c
o
u
r
s
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
g
ap
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ev
alu
ates
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
a
n
d
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
e
n
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Sp
ec
if
i
ca
lly
,
it a
d
d
r
ess
es th
r
ee
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
−
Ho
w
ar
e
th
e
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
n
t
en
t,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
,
ev
alu
ated
in
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
?
−
T
o
wh
at
ex
ten
t
d
o
th
ese
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
’
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
e
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
,
attitu
d
es,
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
?
−
Ar
e
th
er
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
c
es in
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
e
s
ac
r
o
s
s
s
tu
d
en
t g
r
o
u
p
s
?
On
th
is
b
asis
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
test
s
f
o
u
r
h
y
p
o
t
h
eses
:
−
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
ec
ts
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es
(
H1
)
.
−
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
ec
t stu
d
en
ts
’
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es
(
H2
)
.
−
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
ec
ts
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es
(
H3
)
.
−
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
ec
t stu
d
en
ts
’
leg
al
awa
r
en
e
s
s
o
u
tco
m
es
(
H4
)
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h desi
g
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
a
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
m
i
x
ed
-
m
et
h
o
d
s
d
esig
n
to
e
v
alu
ate
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
-
o
r
ien
ted
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
I
n
th
is
d
esig
n
,
q
u
an
titativ
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
ata
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
in
ter
v
iew
d
at
a
wer
e
co
llected
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
r
esear
ch
p
h
ase,
an
aly
ze
d
s
ep
a
r
ately
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
in
teg
r
ate
d
at
th
e
in
te
r
p
r
etat
io
n
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
was
s
e
lecte
d
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
o
b
ject
o
f
in
q
u
ir
y
was
n
o
t
s
im
p
ly
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
leg
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
b
u
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
an
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
:
co
n
ten
t,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
an
d
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
its
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
to
s
tu
d
en
t o
u
tc
o
m
es in
awa
r
en
ess
,
attitu
d
es,
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
u
s
ed
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
lev
el
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
le
g
al
awa
r
en
ess
.
Qu
alitativ
e
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
in
ter
p
r
e
t
p
atter
n
s
,
ex
p
lain
in
co
n
s
is
ten
cies,
an
d
clar
if
y
co
n
tex
tu
al
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
b
eh
i
n
d
t
h
e
s
tatis
tical
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
ese
two
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
e
v
id
en
ce
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
ed
th
e
e
v
alu
ativ
e
d
e
p
th
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
lin
k
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
a
b
le
o
u
tco
m
es
with
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
r
ea
liti
es in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ettin
g
s
.
An
aly
tically
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
llo
w
ed
a
l
o
g
ic
m
o
d
el
i
n
wh
ich
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
was
tr
ea
ted
as
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
with
f
o
u
r
in
p
u
t/p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
im
en
s
i
o
n
s
:
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
ten
t,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
t
h
e
effec
tiven
ess
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
a
n
d
in
flu
e
n
cin
g
fa
ct
o
r
s
o
f le
g
a
l a
w
a
r
en
ess
…
(
Hiep
Ho
Du
c
)
3669
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
was
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
,
o
p
er
atio
n
alize
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
awa
r
en
ess
,
leg
al
attitu
d
e,
an
d
leg
a
l
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
T
h
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
was
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ass
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
ter
n
al
q
u
ality
o
f
its
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t m
o
d
el,
an
d
th
e
e
x
p
lan
ato
r
y
p
o
we
r
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es.
Fo
r
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
,
m
ea
n
v
alu
es
wer
e
r
ea
d
u
s
in
g
a
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
s
ca
le:
1
.
0
0
-
1
.
8
0
=
v
er
y
lo
w,
1
.
8
1
-
2
.
6
0
=lo
w,
2
.
6
1
-
3
.
4
0
=m
o
d
er
ate,
3
.
4
1
-
4
.
2
0
=f
air
ly
h
ig
h
,
an
d
4
.
2
1
-
5
.
0
0
=h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
m
etr
ic
a
d
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
was
ex
am
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
,
ex
p
l
o
r
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
(
E
FA)
,
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
t
o
r
an
al
y
s
is
(
C
FA)
.
T
h
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
was
th
en
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
ex
ten
t
to
w
h
ich
ea
ch
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t p
r
e
d
icted
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
u
tco
m
es.
2
.
2
.
Resea
rc
h sa
m
ple a
nd
s
a
m
pli
ng
m
et
ho
d
T
h
e
m
ain
s
u
r
v
ey
s
u
b
jects
wer
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
cu
r
r
en
tly
s
tu
d
y
in
g
at
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
co
llected
o
p
in
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
lectu
r
er
s
an
d
a
d
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
m
u
ltid
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
e
n
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
allo
wed
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
to
r
ef
lect
b
o
t
h
lear
n
e
r
o
u
tco
m
es a
n
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
am
p
le
was
s
elec
ted
u
s
in
g
a
s
tr
atif
ied
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
b
ased
o
n
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
,
f
ield
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
3
7
5
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ad
eq
u
ate
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
item
-
to
-
s
am
p
le
r
atio
o
f
1
0
:
1
f
o
r
E
FA
an
d
C
FA
;
with
1
5
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
d
icato
r
s
,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
am
p
le
w
as
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
5
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
s
am
p
le
also
s
ati
s
f
ied
th
e
lar
g
e
r
-
s
am
p
le
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
m
u
ltiv
ar
iate
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
d
C
FA,
wh
er
e
s
am
p
les
ab
o
v
e
3
0
0
a
r
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
t
r
ea
ted
as su
f
f
icien
t f
o
r
s
tab
le
p
ar
a
m
eter
esti
m
atio
n
in
ap
p
lied
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
to
tal
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
3
7
5
p
eo
p
le,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
2
2
a
d
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
(
5
.
8
7
%),
8
7
lectu
r
er
s
(
2
3
.
2
0
%),
an
d
2
6
6
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
(
7
0
.
9
3
%).
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
g
en
d
e
r
,
wo
m
e
n
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
5
8
.
4
0
%
an
d
m
en
f
o
r
4
1
.
6
0
%.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
f
ield
s
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
s
o
c
ial
s
cien
ce
s
an
d
h
u
m
an
ities
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
3
4
.
6
7
%,
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
an
d
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
3
8
.
4
0
%,
an
d
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
an
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
2
6
.
9
3
%.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
h
o
ws
a
r
elativ
ely
b
alan
ce
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
f
ield
s
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
al
y
s
is
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
-
d
ep
th
i
n
ter
v
iews
with
1
5
p
e
o
p
le,
co
d
ed
PV
0
1
-
PV1
5
.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iewe
es
in
clu
d
ed
s
t
u
d
en
ts
,
lectu
r
er
s
,
a
n
d
a
d
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
wh
o
h
ad
d
ir
ec
t
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
with
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
iti
es.
T
h
ese
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
lain
s
tatis
tical
p
atter
n
s
,
id
e
n
tify
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
a
n
d
clar
if
y
th
e
d
ig
ital
-
co
n
tex
t
is
s
u
es
th
at
co
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
f
u
l
ly
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
y
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
f
e
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
l
ex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
th
e
tar
g
et
au
d
ien
ce
,
a
n
o
tab
le
lim
itatio
n
is
th
at
s
tatis
t
ical
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
is
n
o
t
en
tire
ly
ab
s
o
lu
te.
T
h
is
lim
itatio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
b
ec
au
s
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilis
tic
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
was
n
o
t
ap
p
lied
ac
r
o
s
s
all
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
ete
d
with
in
th
e
s
c
o
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
e
d
s
am
p
le
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
g
en
er
alize
d
m
ec
h
an
ically
to
t
h
e
en
tire
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n pro
ce
s
s
Data
wer
e
co
llected
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
lin
e
an
d
in
-
p
er
s
o
n
s
u
r
v
ey
s
o
v
er
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
f
o
u
r
to
s
ix
wee
k
s
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
o
f
f
icial
s
u
r
v
ey
,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
p
ilo
ted
with
two
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
f
iv
e
lect
u
r
er
s
,
an
d
3
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e,
q
u
esti
o
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
clar
ity
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
p
ilo
t
p
r
o
c
ess
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
atio
n
b
y
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
item
s
wer
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ab
le,
r
elev
an
t
to
leg
al
a
war
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t in
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
o
les.
Qu
alitativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
co
llect
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
i
n
ter
v
iews.
T
h
e
i
n
ter
v
iews
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
with
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
co
n
s
en
t,
tr
an
s
cr
ib
ed
,
an
d
c
o
d
ed
t
h
em
at
ically
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
en
ab
l
ed
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
q
u
an
titativ
e
p
atter
n
s
a
n
d
u
s
ed
as
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
ev
id
e
n
ce
r
ath
er
th
a
n
as
is
o
lated
q
u
o
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
s
u
r
e
d
s
y
s
tem
aticity
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
ias
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
u
n
clea
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
item
s
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
t
b
ias
r
em
ain
ed
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
ec
au
s
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
m
ay
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
an
s
wer
s
r
ef
lectin
g
s
o
cial
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
r
ath
er
th
an
ac
tu
al
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
h
is
lim
it
atio
n
was
m
itig
ated
b
y
an
o
n
y
m
ity
,
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
b
etwe
en
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
o
t
h
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
a
n
d
in
f
er
en
tial statis
tic
s
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
m
et
ho
ds
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
wer
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
I
B
M
SP
SS
Statis
tic
s
2
6
an
d
I
B
M
SP
S
S
AM
O
S
2
4
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
,
E
FA,
C
FA,
o
n
e
-
wa
y
an
aly
s
is
o
f
v
a
r
ian
ce
(
ANOVA
)
,
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
t
ics
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
lev
el
o
f
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
i
n
d
icato
r
.
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
ass
ess
ed
in
ter
n
al
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
,
E
FA
ex
am
in
ed
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
C
FA
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
m
o
d
el
f
it,
ANOV
A
co
m
p
ar
ed
g
r
o
u
p
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
,
an
d
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
esti
m
ated
th
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
leg
a
l a
war
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
26
:
3
6
6
7
-
3676
3670
Qu
alitativ
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
em
atic
co
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
to
d
ee
p
en
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
co
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
r
ec
u
r
r
en
t
th
em
es
r
elate
d
to
co
n
ten
t
r
ele
v
an
ce
,
e
x
p
er
i
en
tial
lear
n
in
g
,
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
d
i
g
ital
b
eh
av
i
o
r
,
an
d
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
lectu
r
er
s
an
d
y
o
u
th
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
en
a
b
led
th
e
s
tu
d
y
to
c
o
n
n
ec
t
s
tatis
ti
ca
l
ten
d
en
cies
with
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices,
p
ar
ticip
an
t e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
tex
tu
a
l e
x
p
lan
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
m
o
d
el
test
in
g
.
First,
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
was
ch
ec
k
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
r
el
iab
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
-
v
alid
ity
in
d
icato
r
s
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wer
e
d
escr
ib
ed
an
d
in
te
r
p
r
et
ed
.
T
h
ir
d
,
o
u
tco
m
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
ac
r
o
s
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
wer
e
ex
am
in
e
d
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
id
en
tifie
d
wh
ic
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
m
o
s
t
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ex
p
lain
e
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
wer
e
r
ev
iewe
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
to
ler
an
ce
a
n
d
v
ar
ian
ce
i
n
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
VI
F
)
v
alu
es.
2
.
5
.
E
ns
uring
re
lia
bil
it
y
a
nd
re
s
ea
rc
h v
a
lid
it
y
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
ci
en
tific
v
alid
ity
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
m
u
ltip
le
v
alid
atio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
was
as
s
es
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
wh
ile
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
was
ex
a
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
E
FA
an
d
C
FA.
C
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
s
,
co
m
p
o
s
ite
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
a
v
er
ag
e
v
ar
ian
ce
e
x
tr
ac
ted
,
wh
er
ea
s
d
is
cr
im
in
an
t
v
alid
it
y
was
r
ev
iewe
d
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t e
v
id
e
n
ce
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
en
tire
s
u
r
v
ey
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
co
n
d
u
cted
v
o
lu
n
tar
ily
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
a
n
d
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es we
r
e
co
llected
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
ly
.
T
h
ese
eth
ical
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
t
h
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ata
an
d
p
r
o
tecte
d
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
ce
p
ts
s
u
ch
as
leg
al
awa
r
en
e
s
s
is
s
til
l
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
s
u
b
jectiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
s
o
cial
co
n
tex
t.
L
eg
al
awa
r
en
ess
in
clu
d
es
co
g
n
it
iv
e,
af
f
ec
tiv
e,
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
s
o
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esp
o
n
s
es
m
ay
n
o
t
f
u
lly
r
ep
r
esen
t
ac
tu
al
c
o
n
d
u
ct
in
ev
er
y
s
itu
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
esear
c
h
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
v
iewe
d
as e
v
id
e
n
ce
o
f
ten
d
e
n
cies r
ath
er
th
a
n
ab
s
o
lu
te
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n o
f
t
he
s
t
ruct
ura
l c
o
m
po
nents o
f
leg
a
l
a
w
a
re
nes
s
educa
t
io
n a
ct
iv
it
ies
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
i
n
ed
f
o
u
r
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
:
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
=
1
to
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
=
5
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
v
alu
es
in
d
ic
ate
th
e
g
en
er
al
le
v
el
o
f
e
v
alu
atio
n
as
well
as
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
r
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
in
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
’
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t statu
s
o
f
leg
a
l a
war
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
(
n
=3
7
5
)
C
o
d
e
S
u
r
v
e
y
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
1
2
3
4
5
M
e
a
n
SD
ND1
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
n
e
e
d
s
3
.
2
0
8
.
5
3
2
1
.
8
7
4
2
.
4
0
2
4
.
0
0
3
.
7
6
0
.
9
2
ND2
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
u
p
d
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
m
o
d
e
r
n
l
e
g
a
l
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
5
.
6
0
1
2
.
2
7
2
5
.
3
3
3
7
.
0
7
1
9
.
7
3
3
.
5
3
1
.
0
2
ND3
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
l
i
n
k
e
d
t
o
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
4
.
8
0
1
0
.
9
3
2
3
.
4
7
3
9
.
2
0
2
1
.
6
0
3
.
6
2
0
.
9
8
PP1
C
a
se
st
u
d
y
a
n
d
d
i
sc
u
ss
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
6
.
1
3
1
4
.
4
0
2
6
.
6
7
3
4
.
1
3
1
8
.
6
7
3
.
4
5
1
.
0
5
PP2
Le
g
a
l
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
8
.
8
0
1
6
.
5
3
2
8
.
0
0
3
0
.
1
3
1
6
.
5
3
3
.
2
9
1
.
1
0
M
T
1
La
w
-
b
a
s
e
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
3
.
7
3
9
.
6
0
2
2
.
4
0
4
0
.
0
0
2
4
.
2
7
3
.
7
1
0
.
9
4
M
T
2
S
t
r
i
c
t
e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
4
.
0
0
1
0
.
1
3
2
1
.
3
3
4
1
.
0
7
2
3
.
4
7
3
.
7
0
0
.
9
5
C
T1
Le
c
t
u
r
e
r
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
e
2
.
9
3
8
.
2
7
2
0
.
5
3
4
2
.
9
3
2
5
.
3
3
3
.
8
0
0
.
8
9
C
T2
R
o
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
Y
o
u
t
h
U
n
i
o
n
a
n
d
st
u
d
e
n
t
a
sso
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
6
.
4
0
1
3
.
3
3
2
7
.
2
0
3
4
.
1
3
1
8
.
9
3
3
.
4
6
1
.
0
4
T
ab
le
1
in
d
icate
s
th
at
all
f
o
u
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
le
g
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
ac
ti
v
ities
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
at
a
f
air
ly
h
ig
h
le
v
el
(
M=
3
.
2
9
-
3
.
8
0
)
.
L
ec
tu
r
er
co
m
p
eten
ce
(
M=
3
.
8
0
)
an
d
c
o
n
ten
t
r
elev
an
ce
to
s
tu
d
en
t
n
ee
d
s
(
M=
3
.
7
6
)
wer
e
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
elem
en
ts
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
h
as
a
s
tab
le
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
.
B
y
co
n
tr
ast,
e
x
p
er
ien
tial
leg
al
ac
tiv
ities
(
M=
3
.
2
9
)
an
d
ca
s
e
-
b
ased
o
r
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
-
o
r
ien
te
d
m
eth
o
d
s
(
M=
3
.
4
5
)
r
ec
eiv
ed
lo
wer
r
at
in
g
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
s
till
lean
s
to
war
d
th
eo
r
etica
l
d
eliv
er
y
r
ath
e
r
th
a
n
ac
tiv
e
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t.
T
h
is
p
at
ter
n
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
win
g
th
a
t
leg
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
ten
r
e
m
a
in
s
co
n
ten
t
-
d
r
i
v
en
an
d
in
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
p
r
ac
tice
-
b
ased
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
2
1
]
−
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
ely
m
o
d
est
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
u
p
d
ated
leg
al
c
o
n
ten
t
(
M=
3
.
5
3
)
also
im
p
lies
th
at
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
h
as
n
o
t
f
u
lly
ad
ap
te
d
to
n
ew
le
g
al
is
s
u
es a
s
s
o
ciate
d
with
d
ig
ital so
ci
ety
an
d
c
y
b
er
c
o
n
d
u
ct
[
1
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
−
[
2
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
va
lu
a
tin
g
t
h
e
effec
tiven
ess
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
a
n
d
in
flu
e
n
cin
g
fa
ct
o
r
s
o
f le
g
a
l a
w
a
r
en
ess
…
(
Hiep
Ho
Du
c
)
3671
3
.
2
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n o
f
s
t
ud
ent
s
’
leg
a
l a
wa
re
nes
s
o
utc
o
m
es
T
o
ass
es
s
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
iti
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
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’
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
:
l
eg
al
awa
r
en
ess
,
leg
al
attitu
d
e,
an
d
leg
al
b
eh
av
io
r
.
T
h
ese
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
ey
als
o
m
ak
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ev
al
u
ate
wh
eth
er
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
g
en
er
ates
o
n
l
y
co
g
n
itiv
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
r
also
attitu
d
in
al
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
a
n
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
.
T
ab
le
2
r
ep
o
r
ts
th
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
f
o
r
th
ese
o
u
tco
m
e
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Ass
ess
m
en
t o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
lev
el
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
(
N
=3
7
5
)
C
o
d
e
S
u
r
v
e
y
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
1
2
3
4
5
M
e
a
n
SD
N
T1
U
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
r
i
g
h
t
s
a
n
d
o
b
l
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
s
2
.
6
7
7
.
2
0
1
9
.
4
7
4
4
.
0
0
2
6
.
6
7
3
.
8
5
0
.
8
8
N
T2
U
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
b
a
si
c
l
e
g
a
l
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
3
.
2
0
8
.
2
7
2
1
.
0
7
4
2
.
1
3
2
5
.
3
3
3
.
7
8
0
.
9
1
TD
1
R
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
n
g
l
e
g
a
l
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
1
.
8
7
5
.
6
0
1
6
.
8
0
4
3
.
4
7
3
2
.
2
7
3
.
9
8
0
.
8
4
TD
2
Tr
u
st
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
l
a
w
i
n
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
2
.
1
3
6
.
1
3
1
8
.
6
7
4
2
.
4
0
3
0
.
6
7
3
.
9
3
0
.
8
6
HV1
C
o
m
p
l
y
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
r
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
l
e
g
a
l
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
2
.
4
0
7
.
7
3
2
0
.
2
7
4
3
.
7
3
2
5
.
8
7
3
.
8
3
0
.
9
0
HV2
B
e
h
a
v
i
n
g
l
a
w
f
u
l
l
y
i
n
c
y
b
e
r
sp
a
c
e
3
.
7
3
9
.
6
0
2
3
.
4
7
3
8
.
4
0
2
4
.
8
0
3
.
7
1
0
.
9
7
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
le
g
al
attitu
d
e
ac
h
iev
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
co
r
es
(
M=
3
.
9
3
-
3
.
9
8
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
(
M=
3
.
7
8
-
3
.
8
5
)
,
wh
ile
leg
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
co
r
e
r
em
ain
ed
lo
wer
(
M=
3
.
7
1
-
3
.
8
3
)
.
T
h
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
cu
ltiv
atin
g
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
an
d
n
o
r
m
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
v
al
th
an
in
s
h
a
p
in
g
s
tab
le
lawf
u
l
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
ely
lo
wer
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
lawf
u
l
b
eh
av
io
r
in
cy
b
er
s
p
ac
e
(
M=
3
.
7
1
)
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
an
o
u
t
co
m
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
k
n
o
win
g
a
n
d
d
o
in
g
,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
ig
ital
s
ettin
g
s
,
wh
ich
h
a
s
also
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
in
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
civ
ic
an
d
leg
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
7
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
3
.
3
.
Relia
bil
it
y
a
nd
co
ns
t
ruct
v
a
lid
it
y
o
f
t
he
m
e
a
s
urem
ent
m
o
del
B
ef
o
r
e
test
in
g
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
eses
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
was
r
e
-
ex
a
m
in
ed
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
t
h
e
s
ca
les
wer
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ically
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
ab
le
3
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
th
e
m
ain
co
n
s
tr
u
cts.
T
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
ts
wer
e
all
a
b
o
v
e
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
ac
ce
p
ted
th
r
esh
o
l
d
o
f
0
.
7
0
,
th
e
KM
O
v
alu
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
f
ac
to
r
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
th
e
C
FA
f
it
in
d
ic
es
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
o
d
el
ac
h
ie
v
ed
an
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
lev
el
o
f
f
it.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
ca
les
f
o
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
d
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
es.
T
ab
le
3
.
R
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t m
o
d
el
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
I
t
e
ms
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
a
l
p
h
a
EFA
/
C
F
A
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
ND1
-
ND3
0
.
8
4
Lo
a
d
i
n
g
s=
0
.
7
1
-
0
.
8
2
;
C
R
=
0
.
8
5
;
A
V
E
=
0
.
6
6
A
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
me
t
h
o
d
s
PP1
-
PP2
0
.
7
9
Lo
a
d
i
n
g
s=
0
.
6
9
-
0
.
8
1
;
C
R
=
0
.
8
0
;
A
V
E
=
0
.
6
1
A
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
M
T
1
-
M
T
2
0
.
8
1
Lo
a
d
i
n
g
s=
0
.
7
3
-
0
.
8
4
;
C
R
=
0
.
8
2
;
A
V
E
=
0
.
6
4
A
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
c
t
o
r
s
C
T1
-
C
T
2
0
.
7
7
Lo
a
d
i
n
g
s=
0
.
6
8
-
0
.
8
0
;
C
R
=
0
.
7
9
;
A
V
E
=
0
.
5
8
A
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
mo
d
e
l
9
i
t
e
m
s
0
.
8
8
K
M
O
=
0
.
8
6
1
;
B
a
r
t
l
e
t
t
’
s t
e
st
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
;
χ
²/
d
f
=
2
.
1
4
;
C
F
I
=
0
.
9
5
;
TLI
=
0
.
9
4
;
R
M
S
EA
=
0
.
0
5
5
G
o
o
d
f
i
t
3
.
4
.
Dif
f
er
ence
s
in leg
a
l a
wa
re
nes
s
o
utc
o
m
es a
cr
o
s
s
re
s
p
o
nd
ent
g
ro
up
s
T
o
id
en
tify
g
r
o
u
p
-
b
ased
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
AN
OVA.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
s
tatis
tical
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
y
ac
a
d
em
ic
y
ea
r
an
d
f
ield
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
wh
er
ea
s
g
e
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
wer
e
n
o
t
s
tatis
tica
lly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
T
h
ir
d
-
an
d
f
o
u
r
th
-
y
ea
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
e
p
o
r
ted
h
ig
h
er
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es
th
a
n
f
i
r
s
t
-
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
-
y
ea
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
F=4
.
6
2
,
p
=0
.
0
1
1
)
,
r
e
f
lectin
g
t
h
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
lear
n
in
g
an
d
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Stu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
an
d
h
u
m
a
n
ities
also
s
co
r
ed
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
o
s
e
in
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
F=5
.
1
4
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
6
)
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
s
o
cial
an
d
le
g
al
is
s
u
es sh
ap
es e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
u
tc
o
m
es m
o
r
e
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
th
a
n
g
e
n
d
er
d
o
es.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es
ar
e
n
o
t
f
ix
ed
p
er
s
o
n
al
attr
ib
u
t
es
b
u
t
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
cu
r
r
ic
u
lar
co
n
te
x
t,
an
d
ac
c
u
m
u
lated
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
e
n
d
er
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
(
p
>0
.
0
5
)
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
m
o
r
e
b
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
ath
way
s
t
h
an
b
y
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
id
en
tity
.
T
h
is
g
r
o
u
p
-
b
ased
an
aly
s
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
ad
d
s
ev
alu
ativ
e
d
ep
th
b
y
s
h
o
win
g
wh
er
e
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
ap
p
ea
r
m
o
r
e
o
r
less
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
26
:
3
6
6
7
-
3676
3672
3
.
5
.
Reg
re
s
s
io
n r
esu
lt
s
o
n t
he
f
a
ct
o
rs inf
luencin
g
educa
t
io
na
l e
f
f
ec
t
iv
eness
T
o
test
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
es
an
d
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
e
x
ten
t
to
wh
ich
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
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u
ca
tio
n
a
ctiv
ities
ex
p
lain
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
t
co
m
es,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
esti
m
ated
a
m
u
ltip
le
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
’
o
v
er
all
leg
al
awa
r
e
n
ess
o
u
tco
m
e
s
co
r
e
s
er
v
e
d
as
th
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
le,
wh
ile
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t,
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
en
ter
e
d
as
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
.
T
a
b
le
4
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
p
lete
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
r
esu
lts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
c
e
lev
els,
to
ler
an
ce
v
alu
es,
an
d
VI
F st
atis
tics
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Mu
ltip
le
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
o
r
B
β
t
S
i
g
.
To
l
e
r
a
n
c
e
/
V
I
F
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
0
.
3
1
4
0
.
3
1
0
6
.
8
8
<
0
.
0
0
1
0
.
7
0
2
/
1
.
4
2
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
me
t
h
o
d
s
0
.
2
7
6
0
.
2
7
0
5
.
9
7
0
.
0
0
2
0
.
6
5
5
/
1
.
5
3
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
0
.
2
2
3
0
.
2
2
0
4
.
9
1
0
.
0
0
6
0
.
7
8
1
/
1
.
2
8
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
c
t
o
r
s
0
.
1
9
1
0
.
1
9
0
3
.
9
8
0
.
0
1
4
0
.
6
1
1
/
1
.
6
4
M
o
d
e
l
s
u
mm
a
r
y
R
²=
0
.
4
6
2
A
d
j
.
R
²
=
0
.
4
5
6
F
=
7
9
.
4
4
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
N
o
m
u
l
t
i
c
o
l
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
t
y
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
was
s
tati
s
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
an
d
ex
p
lai
n
ed
a
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
in
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es
(
R
²=
0
.
4
6
2
;
a
d
ju
s
ted
R
²=
0
.
4
5
6
;
F=7
9
.
4
4
;
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t
h
a
d
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
ef
f
ec
t
(
β=0
.
3
1
,
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
(
β=0
.
2
7
,
p
<0
.
0
1
)
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
β=0
.
2
2
,
p
<0
.
0
1
)
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
(
β=0
.
1
9
,
p
<0
.
0
5
)
.
All
VI
F
v
alu
es
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
1
.
2
8
to
1
.
6
4
,
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
was
n
o
t
a
co
n
ce
r
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
th
er
ef
o
r
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
H1
,
H2
,
H3
,
an
d
H4
,
wh
ile
also
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
co
n
ten
t
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
ec
is
iv
e
lev
er
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
e
n
e
s
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
.
Fro
m
an
ev
alu
ativ
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
is
n
o
t
g
en
er
ated
b
y
o
n
e
is
o
lated
f
ac
to
r
b
u
t
b
y
t
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
c
u
r
r
icu
la
r
d
esig
n
,
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
d
eliv
e
r
y
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
clim
ate,
an
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
lectu
r
er
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ac
to
r
s
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
co
ef
f
icien
ts
f
o
r
c
o
n
ten
t
an
d
m
eth
o
d
s
im
p
ly
th
at
r
ef
o
r
m
p
r
io
r
ities
s
h
o
u
ld
s
tar
t
with
u
p
d
atin
g
leg
al
co
n
ten
t
an
d
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
in
g
ac
ti
v
e,
p
r
ac
tice
-
b
ased
teac
h
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
w
ith
th
e
ar
g
u
m
en
t
th
at
leg
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
n
l
y
wh
en
it c
o
n
n
ec
t
s
leg
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
a
u
th
en
tic
s
o
cial
an
d
d
ig
ital sit
u
atio
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
o
b
u
s
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
o
f
ass
o
ciatio
n
,
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
as
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
s
tr
i
ct
ca
u
s
ality
.
E
d
u
c
atio
n
al
p
r
o
c
ess
es
ar
e
co
n
tex
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
an
d
in
v
o
lv
e
r
ec
ip
r
o
ca
l
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
am
o
n
g
v
a
r
iab
les.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
b
est
r
ea
d
as
an
ex
p
la
n
ato
r
y
m
o
d
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
r
ath
er
t
h
an
a
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
ca
u
s
al
ch
ai
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
m
ay
u
s
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
o
n
lar
g
er
s
am
p
les to
test
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
r
elatio
n
s
.
3
.
6
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
Viewe
d
f
r
o
m
an
ev
alu
ativ
e
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
d
icate
s
th
at
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
tiv
ities
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ar
e
o
p
er
atin
g
at
a
f
air
ly
h
i
g
h
lev
el,
y
et
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
r
em
ain
s
u
n
e
v
en
ac
r
o
s
s
o
u
tco
m
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
L
eg
al
attitu
d
e
was
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
o
u
tco
m
e
(
M=
3
.
9
8
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
awa
r
e
n
ess
an
d
th
en
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
cu
r
r
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
r
elativ
ely
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
n
o
r
m
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
v
al
o
f
law,
b
u
t
less
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
leg
al
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
in
to
s
tab
le
lawf
u
l
co
n
d
u
ct
[
1
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
n
o
tab
le
f
in
d
in
g
is
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
awa
r
e
n
ess
,
attitu
d
e,
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
i
n
d
ig
ital
co
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
is
g
ap
is
r
ef
lecte
d
clea
r
ly
in
th
e
in
d
icato
r
“b
e
h
av
in
g
leg
ally
o
n
lin
e”
(
M=
3
.
7
1
;
SD=0
.
9
7
)
,
wh
ich
was
th
e
lo
west
am
o
n
g
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
in
d
icato
r
s
.
I
n
o
th
e
r
wo
r
d
s
,
th
e
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
cr
itical
p
o
in
t
at
wh
ich
leg
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es
d
o
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
r
esu
lt
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
lawf
u
l
b
eh
av
io
r
;
as
o
n
e
s
tu
d
en
t
n
o
ted
,
“
I
u
n
d
ers
ta
n
d
my
r
ig
h
ts
a
n
d
o
b
lig
a
tio
n
s
q
u
it
e
w
ell,
b
u
t
in
ma
n
y
r
ea
l
-
life
s
itu
a
tio
n
s
,
esp
ec
ia
lly
o
n
lin
e,
I
s
till
feel
co
n
fu
s
ed
a
b
o
u
t
a
ctin
g
leg
a
lly
”
(
PV0
1
)
.
A
t
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
all
f
ac
to
r
s
r
ea
ch
ed
a
m
o
d
er
ately
g
o
o
d
le
v
el
(
M=
3
.
2
9
–
3
.
8
0
)
.
L
ec
tu
r
er
co
m
p
eten
ce
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
co
r
e
(
M=
3
.
8
0
;
SD=0
.
8
9
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
co
n
te
n
t
r
elev
an
ce
to
s
tu
d
e
n
t
n
ee
d
s
(
M=
3
.
7
6
)
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
esig
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
leg
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ti
al
ac
tiv
ities
(
M=
3
.
2
9
;
SD=1
.
1
0
)
an
d
ca
s
e
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
(
M=
3
.
4
5
)
r
ec
eiv
ed
l
o
wer
ev
alu
atio
n
s
,
s
h
o
win
g
t
h
at
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
o
d
el
s
till
d
ep
en
d
s
h
ea
v
ily
o
n
th
eo
r
etica
l tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
h
as n
o
t su
f
f
icien
tly
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
e
d
p
r
ac
tice
-
b
ased
le
g
al
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
r
esu
lts
f
u
r
th
er
clar
if
y
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
ten
t
h
ad
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
ef
f
ec
t
(
β=0
.
3
1
,
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
m
eth
o
d
s
(
β=0
.
2
7
)
,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
β=0
.
2
2
)
,
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
(
β=0
.
1
9
)
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
im
p
ly
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
s
h
o
u
ld
b
eg
i
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
with
u
p
d
atin
g
le
g
al
co
n
ten
t
b
u
t
also
with
r
ed
esig
n
in
g
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
s
o
t
h
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
ap
p
ly
leg
al
p
r
i
n
cip
les
to
r
ea
l
-
life
,
d
ig
ital,
an
d
civ
ic
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
in
d
icato
r
“u
p
d
atin
g
m
o
d
er
n
leg
al
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
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ea
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n
ly
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
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lu
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tin
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h
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tiven
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n
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e
n
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fa
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l a
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(
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3673
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,
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u
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ad
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r
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atio
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ig
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th
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t
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t t
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ir
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m
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ar
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lects
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ity
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ests
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ld
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r
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th
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n
iv
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ity
y
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s
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er
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as
a
s
in
g
le
co
u
r
s
e
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
also
p
lay
ed
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im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
(
M≈
3
.
7
0
–
3
.
7
1
)
.
Stu
d
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ts
d
o
n
o
t
lear
n
le
g
al
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
o
n
ly
f
r
o
m
f
o
r
m
al
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
b
u
t
also
f
r
o
m
h
o
w
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
en
f
o
r
ce
r
u
les,
o
r
g
an
ize
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
cu
ltu
r
e,
an
d
m
o
d
el
f
air
n
ess
in
d
aily
ac
ad
e
m
ic
life
.
T
h
u
s
,
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
em
b
ed
d
ed
in
a
b
r
o
a
d
er
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
in
v
o
lv
in
g
lectu
r
er
s
,
s
tu
d
en
t
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
u
n
its
,
an
d
d
i
g
ital g
o
v
e
r
n
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tati
s
tics
,
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
v
er
if
icatio
n
,
g
r
o
u
p
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
s
ele
cted
q
u
alitativ
e
e
v
id
en
ce
s
tr
en
g
th
en
s
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
ev
alu
atio
n
claim
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
leg
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awa
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n
ess
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s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ass
ess
ed
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
y
wh
eth
er
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
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eiv
e
leg
al
c
o
n
ten
t,
b
u
t
also
b
y
w
h
eth
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
ca
n
s
h
a
p
e
awa
r
en
ess
,
attitu
d
es,
an
d
lawf
u
l
b
eh
av
io
r
i
n
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
l
e
way
s
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
ated
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
o
th
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
r
e
d
esig
n
in
g
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
d
ig
ital
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
en
ess
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
a
h
o
lis
tic
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
is
r
elativ
ely
s
tab
le,
with
lectu
r
e
r
co
m
p
eten
ce
an
d
co
n
ten
t
r
e
lev
an
ce
as
its
s
tr
o
n
g
est
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ex
p
er
ien
tial
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice
-
o
r
ie
n
ted
m
et
h
o
d
s
r
em
ain
u
n
d
er
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
,
an
d
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
p
p
ea
r
s
m
o
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
s
h
ap
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
attitu
d
es
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
an
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
lawf
u
l
b
eh
av
io
r
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
d
i
g
ital c
o
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
e
em
p
ir
ical
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t m
o
d
el
a
n
d
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
ten
t,
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
a
n
d
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
ac
to
r
s
all
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es.
C
o
n
ten
t
an
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
y
em
er
g
e
d
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
ec
is
iv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
,
wh
ich
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
r
ec
o
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
o
f
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
as
a
s
y
s
tem
ic
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
ath
er
th
an
a
p
u
r
el
y
co
n
te
n
t
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
n
o
v
elty
lies
in
id
en
tify
in
g
an
d
e
m
p
ir
i
ca
lly
ex
p
lain
in
g
th
e
awa
r
en
ess
-
attitu
d
e
-
b
eh
av
io
r
g
ap
in
d
ig
ital le
g
al
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fro
m
a
p
r
ac
tical
s
tan
d
p
o
in
t,
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
r
e
q
u
ir
es
a
s
h
if
t
to
war
d
u
p
d
ate
d
an
d
co
n
tex
t
-
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
leg
al
c
o
n
ten
t,
s
tr
o
n
g
er
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
ex
p
e
r
ien
tial
an
d
ca
s
e
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
,
e
n
h
an
ce
d
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
en
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
an
d
clo
s
er
alig
n
m
en
t
with
d
ig
it
al
citizen
s
h
ip
is
s
u
e
s
.
Desp
ite
th
ese
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
lim
ited
b
y
its
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
s
am
p
lin
g
a
n
d
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
tr
ain
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
e
x
ten
d
th
is
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
lar
g
e
r
s
am
p
les
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
d
esig
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
o
r
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
to
b
etter
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
le
g
al
awa
r
en
ess
o
u
tco
m
es.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
W
e
s
in
ce
r
ely
th
an
k
th
e
a
d
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
lectu
r
er
s
,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
p
ar
ticip
ated
i
n
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
an
d
in
ter
v
iews.
T
h
eir
co
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
r
ef
lectio
n
s
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
d
d
ir
ec
tly
to
th
e
co
m
p
letio
n
an
d
a
ca
d
em
ic
q
u
ality
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es
also
h
elp
ed
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
clar
if
y
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
u
n
d
er
wh
ich
leg
al
awa
r
en
ess
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
im
p
le
m
en
ted
in
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
with
o
u
t
ex
ter
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
.
All
s
tag
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
d
at
a
co
llectio
n
,
an
al
y
s
is
,
an
d
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
,
we
r
e
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
.
No
f
u
n
d
in
g
b
o
d
y
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
,
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
,
o
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
d
ec
is
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
26
:
3
6
6
7
-
3676
3674
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
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ac
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Na
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Aut
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:
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:
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:
So
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t
w
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Va
:
Va
l
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d
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t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
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s
t
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g
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so
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D
:
D
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v
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&
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d
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s
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P
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Fu
:
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n
d
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g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
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CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
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N
T
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R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
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M
E
NT
T
h
e
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th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
th
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
co
n
f
lict
o
f
in
ter
est
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
is
ar
ticle.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
tly
an
d
with
o
u
t
a
n
y
f
i
n
a
n
cial
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
p
r
ess
u
r
e
t
h
at
co
u
ld
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
All
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
a
n
d
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
r
ef
lect
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
’
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ju
d
g
m
en
t
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
co
llected
d
ata
.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
I
n
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
b
e
f
o
r
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
n
atu
r
e
o
f
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
f
id
en
tiality
o
f
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
T
h
ey
wer
e
also
allo
wed
to
with
d
r
aw
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
at
an
y
s
tag
e
wit
h
o
u
t
an
y
n
e
g
ativ
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
lied
with
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
eth
ical
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
in
v
o
lv
i
n
g
h
u
m
a
n
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
All
d
ata
wer
e
c
o
llected
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
ly
f
o
r
a
c
ad
em
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
n
ly
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
m
in
im
ized
p
o
ten
tial
r
is
k
s
to
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
an
d
r
esp
ec
te
d
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
les
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
d
ata
u
s
e.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
Data
ar
e
av
ailab
le
u
p
o
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
r
e
q
u
est
an
d
will
b
e
s
h
ar
ed
in
a
n
o
n
y
m
ized
f
o
r
m
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
eth
ica
l
co
m
p
lian
ce
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
tial
ity
.
T
h
e
d
ataset
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
m
ad
e
p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le
b
ec
au
s
e
it
co
n
tain
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
h
u
m
an
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Acc
ess
r
eq
u
est
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ir
e
cted
to
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
au
t
h
o
r
a
n
d
will b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
eth
ical
an
d
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
L.
S
h
i
,
“
E
x
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
st
a
t
u
s
a
n
d
r
o
l
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o
f
l
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g
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
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o
n
f
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m
t
h
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p
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p
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c
t
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v
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
o
f
l
e
g
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
Re
g
i
o
n
-
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
R
e
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
7
4
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
2
6
2
9
/
r
e
r
r
.
v
5
i
3
.
1
3
2
3
.
[
2
]
K
.
K
o
ma
l
a
sar
i
a
n
d
D
.
S
a
r
i
p
u
d
i
n
,
“
T
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
l
i
v
i
n
g
v
a
l
u
e
s
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
c
i
v
i
c
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
x
t
b
o
o
k
o
n
st
u
d
e
n
t
’
s
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
9
5
–
4
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
7
3
/
i
j
i
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
1
1
2
7
a
.
[
3
]
F
.
A
l
i
v
e
r
n
i
n
i
a
n
d
S
.
M
a
n
g
a
n
e
l
l
i
,
“
I
s
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
p
e
n
n
e
s
s
i
n
c
l
a
s
sr
o
o
m
d
i
s
c
u
ssi
o
n
a
n
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s’
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
i
n
c
i
v
i
c
a
n
d
c
i
t
i
z
e
n
s
h
i
p
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
?
”
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
-
S
o
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
3
4
4
1
–
3
4
4
5
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
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1
0
1
6
/
j
.
sb
s
p
r
o
.
2
0
1
1
.
0
4
.
3
1
5
.
[
4
]
M
.
A
.
M
u
r
i
l
l
o
,
C
.
A
.
Li
b
o
o
n
,
a
n
d
K
.
H
.
Q
u
a
r
t
z
,
“
I
mm
i
g
r
a
n
t
f
a
mi
l
y
l
e
g
a
l
c
l
i
n
i
c
:
A
c
a
s
e
o
f
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
i
n
a
c
o
mm
u
n
i
t
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
h
a
n
g
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
5
–
3
9
2
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s1
0
8
3
3
-
021
-
0
9
4
4
7
-
x.
[
5
]
L.
Lu
n
d
y
a
n
d
G
.
M
.
S
a
i
n
z
,
“
T
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
l
a
w
a
n
d
l
e
g
a
l
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
f
o
r
a
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
ma
t
i
v
e
h
u
ma
n
r
i
g
h
t
s
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
A
d
d
r
e
ssi
n
g
v
i
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
’
s
r
i
g
h
t
s
i
n
f
o
r
mal
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
H
u
m
a
n
Ri
g
h
t
s
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
v
i
e
w
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
–
2
4
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
7
5
7
7
/
h
r
e
r
.
2
5
6
0
.
[
6
]
B
.
B
e
r
m
u
k
h
a
mb
e
t
o
v
a
,
K
.
V
o
z
n
i
a
k
o
v
sk
a
,
M
.
Y
e
sse
k
e
s
h
o
v
a
,
N
.
T
a
st
a
n
b
e
k
o
v
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
K
o
ss
h
y
g
u
l
o
v
a
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
u
si
n
g
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
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s
t
o
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p
t
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m
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z
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t
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s
t
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d
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l
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w
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s
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f
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h
n
i
c
a
l
sp
e
c
i
a
l
t
i
e
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
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f
o
rm
a
t
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o
n
a
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d
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u
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a
t
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o
n
T
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c
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,
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5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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(
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3675
[
7
]
M
.
Q
a
f
i
s
h
e
h
,
“
T
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
l
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g
a
l
c
l
i
n
i
c
s
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l
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a
d
i
n
g
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a
l
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d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
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h
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m
o
d
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l
f
r
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m
t
h
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M
i
d
d
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e
E
a
st
,
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VNU
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tern
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c
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v
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c
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.
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