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try
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to
c
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tt
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s
.
K
ey
w
o
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s
:
C
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m
m
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s
k
ills
E
m
p
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I
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ter
p
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attitu
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Ko
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m
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icin
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Nu
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in
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Patien
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co
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p
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T
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is i
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CC B
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SA
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C
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A
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Par
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Dep
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C
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Me
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Do
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s
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Un
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s
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So
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Ko
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m
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k
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1.
I
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RO
D
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Patien
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Hea
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(
W
HO)
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8
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2
I
n
terp
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o
fess
io
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a
l a
ttit
u
d
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emp
a
th
y,
c
o
mmu
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ica
tio
n
s
kills
,
a
n
d
p
a
tie
n
t sa
fety
co
mp
eten
cy
…
(
Mikyo
u
n
g
Lee
)
4221
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies,
in
clu
d
in
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team
wo
r
k
,
ef
f
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tiv
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co
m
m
u
n
icatio
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c
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ag
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en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
at
p
atien
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s
af
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n
o
t
lim
ited
to
in
d
iv
id
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clin
ical
ex
p
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tis
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b
u
t
is
s
h
ap
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b
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p
r
o
f
ess
io
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als’
in
ter
d
ep
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d
en
ce
in
s
h
ar
in
g
in
f
o
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m
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co
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d
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atin
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d
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is
io
n
s
,
r
ec
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g
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izin
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r
s
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d
r
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lv
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n
g
r
is
k
s
with
in
co
m
p
lex
clin
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
is
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
id
en
tifie
d
as
a
ce
n
tr
al
s
af
ety
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
s
h
ar
ed
m
en
tal
m
o
d
els,
tim
ely
escala
tio
n
,
an
d
co
o
r
d
in
ated
ac
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ie
s
[
4
]
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
ir
ec
tly
ass
o
ciate
d
p
o
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
p
atien
t
s
a
f
ety
in
cid
e
n
ts
,
esti
m
atin
g
t
h
at
it
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
o
n
e
-
q
u
ar
ter
o
f
in
cid
en
ts
wh
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co
n
s
id
er
ed
alo
n
g
s
id
e
o
th
er
f
ac
t
o
r
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
lear
n
e
r
s
en
te
r
p
r
ac
tice
with
an
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
as a
team
-
b
ased
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
r
ath
er
th
an
a
n
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
attr
ib
u
te.
Patien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
is
a
cr
itical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
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tco
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e
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tu
d
en
ts
b
ec
au
s
e
s
af
e
ca
r
e
d
ep
e
n
d
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
o
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al
clin
ical
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
u
t
also
o
n
team
wo
r
k
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
I
n
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
,
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ay
en
co
u
n
ter
in
c
r
e
asin
g
ly
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
an
d
in
teg
r
ativ
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
af
ter
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
wh
ic
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
atien
t saf
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
b
e
f
o
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
ter
f
u
ll p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tice.
Patien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
e
n
co
m
p
ass
es
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
,
an
d
attitu
d
es
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
p
r
ev
en
t
a
v
o
id
a
b
le
h
ar
m
,
id
en
t
if
y
an
d
m
an
ag
e
s
af
ety
r
is
k
s
,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
to
ad
v
er
s
e
ev
en
ts
[
1
]
,
[
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
is
d
ef
in
e
d
to
in
clu
d
e
d
o
m
ain
s
s
u
ch
as
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
team
wo
r
k
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
r
is
k
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
h
u
m
an
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
,
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
a
d
v
er
s
e
ev
en
ts
,
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
c
u
ltu
r
e
o
f
s
af
ety
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
Hea
lth
Pro
f
ess
io
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
Patien
t
Saf
ety
Su
r
v
ey
(H
-
PEPSS
)
was
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
to
ass
ess
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cy
a
r
ea
s
,
with
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
em
p
h
asis
o
n
th
e
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
at
o
r
n
ea
r
e
n
tr
y
to
p
r
ac
tice
[
9
]
.
R
ec
en
t
em
p
ir
ical
r
esear
ch
in
d
icate
s
th
at
lear
n
er
s
’
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
t
ed
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
c
o
m
p
eten
cie
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
r
e
m
ain
at
a
m
o
d
er
ate
lev
el,
an
d
p
e
r
c
eiv
ed
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
m
ay
v
a
r
y
b
etwe
en
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
clin
ic
al
p
r
ac
tice
s
ettin
g
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
ese
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
p
e
r
s
is
ten
t
th
eo
r
y
-
p
r
a
ctice
g
ap
s
an
d
em
p
h
asize
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
e
n
h
an
ce
d
cu
r
r
icu
la,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
PS
E
)
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
,
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
to
clin
ical
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
in
th
e
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
I
PE)
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
,
wh
ich
p
o
s
its
th
at
lear
n
er
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
s
lear
n
with
,
f
r
o
m
,
an
d
a
b
o
u
t
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
ca
r
e
[
1
3
]
.
Fro
m
t
h
is
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
attitu
d
es,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
a
n
d
em
p
ath
y
jo
i
n
tly
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
b
ec
au
s
e
s
af
e
p
r
ac
tice
is
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
r
elatio
n
al,
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e,
a
n
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
H
-
PEPSS
-
b
ased
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
u
r
th
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
is
v
iew
b
y
em
p
h
asizin
g
t
h
e
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
,
in
clu
d
in
g
team
wo
r
k
,
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
r
is
k
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
h
u
m
a
n
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
s
af
ety
cu
ltu
r
e
[
9
]
.
B
u
ild
in
g
o
n
th
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
I
PE
is
a
k
ey
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
s
tr
en
g
th
en
i
n
g
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
I
PE
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
atien
t saf
ety
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
s
u
ch
as sh
ar
ed
s
itu
atio
n
al
awa
r
en
ess
,
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
a
n
d
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
h
a
n
d
o
f
f
s
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
R
ec
en
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
in
d
icate
s
th
at
I
PE
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
an
d
p
atien
t
-
s
af
ety
-
f
o
c
u
s
ed
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
lear
n
er
s
’
p
atien
t
-
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
attitu
d
es,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
c
o
m
p
eten
cies
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
is
ev
id
en
ce
,
p
atien
t
-
s
af
ety
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
I
PE
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
in
Ko
r
ea
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
o
s
e
u
s
in
g
m
ed
ical
e
r
r
o
r
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
h
av
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
m
o
tiv
atio
n
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
attitu
d
es
am
o
n
g
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
lear
n
e
r
s
[
1
6
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
also
n
o
ted
lim
itatio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
elian
ce
o
n
s
u
b
jectiv
e
o
u
tco
m
es a
n
d
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t a
s
s
ess
m
en
t o
f
team
wo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
7
]
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
d
e
p
en
d
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
o
n
s
k
ills
tr
ain
in
g
b
u
t
also
o
n
lear
n
er
s
’
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es.
T
h
ese
attitu
d
es
en
co
m
p
ass
r
esp
ec
t
f
o
r
o
t
h
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
s
,
v
alu
in
g
team
wo
r
k
,
a
n
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
p
atien
t
-
ce
n
ter
ed
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
,
a
ll
o
f
wh
ic
h
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
willin
g
n
ess
to
co
llab
o
r
ate
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
s
h
ar
ed
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
R
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
in
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
m
ed
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
tin
u
es
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
in
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
th
eir
d
eter
m
in
a
n
ts
,
an
d
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
attitu
d
es
d
u
r
in
g
tr
ain
in
g
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
as
s
ess
in
g
an
d
in
ten
tio
n
ally
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
attitu
d
in
al
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
alo
n
g
s
id
e
tech
n
ic
al
s
k
ills
[
1
8
]
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
r
elies
n
o
t
o
n
ly
o
n
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
in
ten
t
b
u
t
also
o
n
in
t
er
p
er
s
o
n
al
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
em
p
ath
y
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
h
ar
in
g
an
d
s
p
ea
k
in
g
u
p
in
s
itu
atio
n
s
o
f
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
[
5
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
E
m
p
ath
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
p
atien
t
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
ca
r
e
a
n
d
f
o
s
ter
s
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ically
s
af
e
team
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
er
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ca
n
b
e
r
aised
a
n
d
ad
d
r
ess
ed
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
ely
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
p
atien
t saf
ety
co
n
tex
ts
,
s
p
ea
k
in
g
u
p
is
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as a
cr
itical
s
af
ety
b
eh
av
io
r
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
r
elatio
n
al
d
y
n
a
m
ics
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
A
n
in
teg
r
ate
d
r
ev
iew
o
f
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
d
icate
s
th
at
a
u
th
en
tic
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
en
c
o
u
r
ag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
s
p
ea
k
u
p
f
o
r
s
af
ety
d
u
r
i
n
g
wo
r
k
-
in
teg
r
ated
lear
n
in
g
[
2
5
]
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
s
er
v
e
as
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
e
n
ac
tin
g
s
af
ety
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
tim
ely
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ex
ch
a
n
g
e,
escala
tio
n
o
f
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
26
:
4
2
2
0
-
4231
4222
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
h
an
d
o
f
f
s
,
an
d
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
in
d
y
n
am
ic
s
itu
atio
n
s
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
Sh
ar
e
d
m
e
n
tal
m
o
d
els an
d
team
s
itu
atio
n
awa
r
en
ess
h
elp
p
r
e
v
en
t b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
s
an
d
m
ain
tain
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
h
ig
h
-
r
is
k
ca
r
e,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
tr
ea
tin
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
te
am
wo
r
k
as e
s
s
en
tial saf
ety
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
[
4
]
.
I
n
Ko
r
ea
,
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
in
ter
s
ec
t
in
clin
ical
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
ca
r
e
s
ettin
g
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
as
in
teg
r
ated
,
p
atien
t
-
ce
n
te
r
ed
ca
r
e
g
ain
s
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
ce
.
E
x
am
in
in
g
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
am
o
n
g
b
o
th
tr
ad
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
e
d
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
h
o
w
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
cu
ltu
r
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
o
c
ializatio
n
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
atter
n
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
cl
u
d
in
g
b
o
th
g
r
o
u
p
s
en
ab
le
s
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
lev
els
an
d
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
wh
eth
er
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
at
h
y
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
im
ilar
ly
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
tly
to
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
d
is
cip
lin
es.
T
h
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
g
en
e
r
ate
ev
id
en
ce
to
in
f
o
r
m
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al,
p
atien
t
-
s
af
e
ty
-
o
r
ien
ted
cu
r
r
icu
la
t
h
at
em
p
h
asize
attitu
d
in
al
a
n
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
tailo
r
ed
to
ea
ch
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
g
r
o
u
p
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
th
at
PSE
an
d
I
PE
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
attitu
d
es,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
co
m
p
eten
cies.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
u
ch
o
f
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
h
as
ex
am
in
ed
th
ese
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
ep
ar
ately
o
r
h
as
f
o
cu
s
ed
m
ain
ly
o
n
n
u
r
s
in
g
o
r
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
L
ess
atten
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
aid
to
h
o
w
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
jo
in
tly
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
am
o
n
g
b
o
th
tr
ad
i
tio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
e
d
icin
e
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
g
a
p
lim
its
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
teg
r
ate
d
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
s
tr
a
teg
ies
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
an
d
in
ter
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
g
ap
m
ay
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
ef
u
l
ev
id
e
n
ce
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
in
te
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
-
ce
n
ter
ed
,
an
d
em
p
ath
y
-
i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
cu
r
r
icu
la.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
m
atter
s
b
ec
au
s
e
id
e
n
tify
in
g
m
o
d
if
iab
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
a
n
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
atie
n
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
ca
n
h
el
p
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
d
esig
n
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
cu
r
r
icu
la
b
ef
o
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
te
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
o
n
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
am
o
n
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
B
y
id
en
tify
in
g
k
e
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
to
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
in
t
h
ese
lear
n
er
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
e
m
p
ir
ical
ev
id
e
n
ce
t
o
in
f
o
r
m
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
will
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
I
PE
-
b
ased
PSE
th
at
en
h
an
ce
s
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
an
d
in
t
er
p
er
s
o
n
al
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
p
r
io
r
to
e
n
tr
y
in
to
clin
ical
p
r
ac
tice.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h desi
g
n
A
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
e
cti
o
n
a
l
c
o
r
r
ela
ti
o
n
al
d
es
ig
n
was
u
s
ed
t
o
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
r
ela
ti
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
am
o
n
g
i
n
t
er
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
al
attit
u
d
es
,
em
p
a
th
y
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
ati
o
n
s
k
ills
,
a
n
d
p
at
ie
n
t
s
af
et
y
co
m
p
et
e
n
c
y
a
m
o
n
g
tr
ad
iti
o
n
a
l
Ko
r
ea
n
m
e
d
ic
in
e
an
d
n
u
r
s
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
at
a
u
n
iv
er
s
i
ty
in
So
u
t
h
Ko
r
e
a.
T
h
is
d
e
s
ig
n
w
as
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iat
e
f
o
r
i
d
en
t
if
y
i
n
g
ass
o
ci
ati
o
n
s
an
d
f
a
ct
o
r
s
r
el
ate
d
to
p
ati
e
n
t
s
af
et
y
c
o
m
p
ete
n
cy
at
a
s
i
n
g
le
p
o
i
n
t
in
ti
m
e
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
d
at
a
w
er
e
co
l
le
cte
d
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
e
cti
o
n
a
ll
y
,
c
a
u
s
al
r
el
ati
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
v
a
r
ia
b
l
es
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
f
e
r
r
e
d
.
2
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts a
nd
pro
ce
du
re
A
to
tal
o
f
2
3
8
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
a
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
in
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
,
p
ar
ticip
ated
i
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
1
5
0
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
6
3
.
0
%)
an
d
8
8
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
(
3
7
.
0
%).
E
lig
ib
ilit
y
cr
iter
ia
r
eq
u
ir
ed
e
n
r
o
llm
e
n
t
in
eith
e
r
m
ajo
r
,
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
v
o
l
u
n
tar
y
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
co
n
s
en
t.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
a
p
r
io
r
i
u
s
in
g
G*
Po
wer
3
.
1
.
9
(
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Dü
s
s
eld
o
r
f
,
Dü
s
s
eld
o
r
f
,
Ger
m
an
y
)
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
,
with
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
et
at
α
=.
0
5
,
f
²=
.
1
5
,
p
o
wer
=.
9
5
,
an
d
1
3
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
les,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
m
in
im
u
m
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
1
8
9
.
A
f
ter
ac
co
u
n
ti
n
g
f
o
r
a
n
esti
m
ated
2
0
% a
ttritio
n
,
th
e
f
i
n
al
s
am
p
le
s
ize
(
n
=2
3
8
)
was d
ee
m
ed
s
u
f
f
icien
t.
Data
wer
e
co
llected
u
s
in
g
c
o
n
v
en
ien
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
o
n
lin
e
s
elf
-
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
b
etwe
en
Sep
tem
b
er
8
an
d
O
cto
b
er
3
1
,
2
0
2
5
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
r
ec
r
u
ited
v
ia
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
tal
an
n
o
u
n
ce
m
en
ts
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
elig
ib
le
n
u
r
s
in
g
an
d
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
was
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
it
was
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
r
r
ec
r
u
itin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
two
r
ele
v
an
t
m
ajo
r
s
with
in
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
e
ttin
g
.
Ho
wev
er
,
n
o
r
an
d
o
m
izatio
n
was
ap
p
lied
,
w
h
ich
m
ay
lim
it
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
an
d
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
0
–
1
5
m
in
u
tes
to
co
m
p
lete.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ass
ess
ed
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
an
d
g
e
n
er
al
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
.
2
.
3
.
M
ea
s
ures
I
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
wer
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ko
r
ea
n
-
v
alid
ated
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
s
ca
le
(
I
PAS)
b
y
Par
k
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
,
o
r
ig
in
ally
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
y
No
r
r
is
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
is
s
ca
le
co
m
p
r
is
es
2
0
item
s
ac
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
d
o
m
a
i
n
s
:
t
e
a
m
w
o
r
k
,
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
-
c
e
n
te
r
e
d
n
e
s
s
,
r
e
s
p
ec
t
f
o
r
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
d
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
-
ce
n
ter
ed
n
ess
.
R
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=stro
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
to
5
=stro
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
)
,
with
h
ig
h
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
terp
r
o
fess
io
n
a
l a
ttit
u
d
es,
emp
a
th
y,
c
o
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
s
kills
,
a
n
d
p
a
tie
n
t sa
fety
co
mp
eten
cy
…
(
Mikyo
u
n
g
Lee
)
4223
s
co
r
es
r
ef
lectin
g
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
e
Ko
r
ea
n
v
alid
atio
n
s
tu
d
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
an
o
v
e
r
all
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
o
f
.
9
3
[
1
9
]
,
w
h
ile
th
e
p
r
esen
t stu
d
y
y
ield
ed
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
o
f
.
9
5
.
E
m
p
ath
y
was
ass
es
s
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
Ko
r
ea
n
-
v
alid
ate
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
ea
ctiv
ity
in
d
ex
(
I
R
I
)
[
2
7
]
,
wh
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
y
Dav
is
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
I
R
I
em
p
lo
y
s
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
ass
es
s
em
p
ath
y
ac
r
o
s
s
co
g
n
i
tiv
e
an
d
af
f
ec
tiv
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
C
o
g
n
itiv
e
em
p
ath
y
is
ev
a
lu
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
-
tak
in
g
an
d
f
an
tas
y
s
u
b
s
ca
les,
wh
ile
af
f
ec
tiv
e
e
m
p
ath
y
is
ass
es
s
ed
v
ia
th
e
e
m
p
ath
ic
co
n
ce
r
n
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
is
tr
ess
s
u
b
s
ca
les.
T
h
e
I
R
I
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
2
8
item
s
,
w
ith
7
item
s
p
er
s
u
b
s
ca
le.
R
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=
n
o
t
at
all
tr
u
e
to
5
=v
e
r
y
tr
u
e)
,
with
h
ig
h
er
s
co
r
es
d
en
o
tin
g
g
r
ea
ter
em
p
at
h
y
in
ea
ch
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
Ko
r
ea
n
v
er
s
io
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
o
f
.
8
0
[
2
7
]
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
s
tu
d
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
o
f
.
7
1
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
v
en
to
r
y
,
o
r
ig
in
ally
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
b
y
Nav
r
an
[
2
9
]
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
r
e
v
is
ed
an
d
ad
ap
ted
f
o
r
Ko
r
ea
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
b
y
E
u
n
-
Yeo
n
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
2
5
item
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
2
0
item
s
o
n
v
er
b
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
5
item
s
o
n
n
o
n
v
er
b
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
R
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
(
1
=n
o
t
at
all
tr
u
e
to
5
=a
lway
s
tr
u
e)
,
with
h
ig
h
e
r
s
co
r
es
r
ef
lectin
g
g
r
ea
ter
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
.
E
u
n
-
Yeo
n
[
3
0
]
r
e
p
o
r
ted
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
o
f
.
8
4
,
w
h
ile
th
e
p
r
esen
t stu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
a
C
r
o
n
b
a
ch
’
s
α
o
f
.
8
9
.
Patien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
w
as
ass
e
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
H
-
PEPSS
,
wh
ich
was
o
r
ig
in
ally
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
Gin
s
b
u
r
g
et
a
l
.
[
9
]
an
d
tr
an
s
lated
in
to
Ko
r
ea
n
b
y
So
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
c
o
m
p
r
is
es
1
6
item
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ix
s
u
b
d
o
m
ain
s
:
team
wo
r
k
with
o
th
e
r
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
(
3
item
s
)
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
3
item
s
)
,
m
a
n
ag
in
g
s
af
ety
r
is
k
s
(
3
item
s
)
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
h
u
m
an
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
t
o
r
s
(
2
item
s
)
,
r
ec
o
g
n
izi
n
g
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
ad
v
e
r
s
e
ev
en
ts
(
2
i
tem
s
)
,
an
d
s
af
ety
cu
ltu
r
e
(
3
ite
m
s
)
.
R
esp
o
n
s
es
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
o
n
a
5
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
(
n
o
t
a
t
all
tr
u
e)
to
5
(
v
er
y
tr
u
e)
,
with
h
ig
h
er
s
co
r
es
r
ef
lectin
g
g
r
ea
ter
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
.
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
α
was
.
9
1
in
th
e
Ko
r
ea
n
v
alid
ati
o
n
s
tu
d
y
an
d
.
9
5
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t stu
d
y
[
3
1
]
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
’
g
en
er
al
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
wer
e
co
llected
u
s
in
g
a
s
elf
-
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e.
T
h
ese
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
clu
d
ed
g
en
d
er
,
ag
e,
m
ajo
r
,
a
n
d
ac
a
d
em
ic
y
ea
r
.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
o
b
tain
e
d
o
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
with
PSE
,
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
co
lleg
e
life
,
m
ajo
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
p
er
s
o
n
ality
,
an
d
ac
ad
em
i
c
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Data
an
aly
s
is
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
I
B
M
SP
SS
Stati
s
tics
2
8
.
0
(
I
B
M
C
o
r
p
.
,
Ar
m
o
n
k
,
NY,
USA)
.
Gen
er
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
an
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
es.
T
h
e
m
ain
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
a
n
d
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
m
ea
n
s
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
(
SD)
.
Dif
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
b
y
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
u
s
in
g
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
-
s
am
p
les
t
-
test
s
an
d
o
n
e
-
way
an
aly
s
is
o
f
v
ar
ian
ce
(
ANOV
A)
.
W
h
en
ANOV
A
r
esu
lt
s
w
er
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
Sch
ef
f
é
p
o
s
t
h
o
c
test
s
id
en
tifie
d
g
r
o
u
p
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
-
s
am
p
les
t
-
test
s
wer
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
co
m
p
ar
e
m
ain
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les
b
y
m
ajo
r
(
n
u
r
s
in
g
v
s
.
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
)
an
d
b
y
clin
ical
p
r
ac
ticu
m
(
C
P)
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Pear
s
o
n
’
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
ass
es
s
ed
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
in
te
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
at
h
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
Fin
ally
,
m
u
ltip
le
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
id
en
tifie
d
f
ac
to
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
atien
t saf
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
Ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
ality
,
lin
ea
r
ity
,
an
d
h
o
m
o
s
ce
d
asti
city
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
p
r
i
o
r
to
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
3
.
1
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts’
cha
ra
ct
er
i
s
t
ics a
nd
diff
er
ence
s
in pa
t
ie
nt
s
a
f
et
y
co
m
pet
ency
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
p
ati
en
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
2
3
8
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
1
5
0
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
6
3
.
0
%)
an
d
8
8
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
3
7
.
0
%).
Of
th
ese,
1
5
9
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
6
6
.
8
%)
wer
e
f
em
ale
an
d
7
9
(
3
3
.
2
%)
wer
e
m
ale
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
m
ea
n
ag
e
was
2
3
.
4
6
y
ea
r
s
(
SD=5
.
2
0
)
,
with
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
av
er
ag
in
g
2
2
.
0
9
y
ea
r
s
an
d
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
av
er
ag
in
g
2
5
.
8
1
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
lar
g
est
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
in
th
e
2
n
d
y
ea
r
(
3
3
.
2
%)
an
d
4
th
y
ea
r
(
3
0
.
7
%),
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
1
s
t
y
ea
r
(
1
6
.
4
%),
6
th
y
ea
r
(
1
1
.
8
%),
a
n
d
5
th
y
ea
r
(
8
.
0
%).
M
o
s
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
7
0
.
2
%)
r
e
p
o
r
ted
h
av
in
g
PSE
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
7
6
.
0
%
o
f
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
6
0
.
2
%
o
f
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
m
o
r
e
th
an
h
alf
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
co
lleg
e
life
(
5
4
.
6
%)
an
d
with
t
h
eir
m
a
jo
r
(
6
4
.
3
%).
Patien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
v
a
r
ied
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ac
r
o
s
s
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
s
(
F=2
.
4
6
,
p
=.
0
4
6
)
alth
o
u
g
h
Sch
ef
f
é
p
o
s
t
h
o
c
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
d
id
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
.
Stu
d
en
ts
with
PSE
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
ig
h
er
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
o
s
e
with
o
u
t
s
u
ch
ex
p
er
ien
ce
(
t=4
.
1
0
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
.
Sig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
wer
e
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
ased
o
n
co
lleg
e
life
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
(
F=6
.
7
9
,
p
=.
0
0
1
)
,
with
th
e
s
atis
f
ied
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
r
in
g
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
th
e
m
o
d
er
ate
g
r
o
u
p
.
Similar
ly
,
m
ajo
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
was
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
26
:
4
2
2
0
-
4231
4224
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
(
F=1
2
.
1
9
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
,
a
s
th
e
s
atis
f
ied
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
r
e
d
h
i
g
h
er
th
an
b
o
th
th
e
u
n
s
atis
f
ied
an
d
m
o
d
er
ate
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
No
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
c
es
in
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
g
e
n
d
er
,
m
ajo
r
,
p
e
r
s
o
n
ality
,
o
r
ac
a
d
em
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dif
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
b
y
g
en
e
r
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
(
n
=
2
3
8
)
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
N
u
r
si
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
K
o
r
e
a
n
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
A
l
l
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
y
n
(
%)
o
r
M
±
S
D
M
±
S
D
t
o
r
F
p
G
e
n
d
e
r
F
e
mal
e
1
1
3
(
7
5
.
3
)
4
6
(
5
2
.
3
)
1
5
9
(
6
6
.
8
)
3
.
9
3
±
.
6
1
.
6
9
.
4
8
9
M
a
l
e
3
7
(
2
4
.
7
)
4
2
(
4
7
.
7
)
7
9
(
3
3
.
2
)
3
.
8
7
±
.
7
3
A
g
e
(
y
e
a
r
)
-
2
2
.
0
9
±
4
.
1
3
2
5
.
8
1
±
5
.
9
8
2
3
.
4
6
±
5
.
2
0
M
a
j
o
r
N
u
r
si
n
g
1
5
0
(
6
3
.
0
)
-
2
3
8
(
1
0
0
)
3
.
8
9
±
.
6
3
.
5
4
.
5
9
0
K
o
r
e
a
n
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
-
8
8
(
3
7
.
0
)
3
.
9
4
±
.
7
0
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
y
e
a
r
1
st
0
(
.
0
)
3
9
(
4
4
.
3
)
3
9
(
1
6
.
4
)
3
.
7
8
±
.
5
8
2
.
4
6
.
0
4
6
2
n
d
7
7
(
5
1
.
3
)
2
(
2
.
3
)
7
9
(
3
3
.
2
)
3
.
8
1
±
.
6
8
n
s†
4
t
h
7
3
(
4
8
.
7
)
0
(
.
0
)
7
3
(
3
0
.
7
)
3
.
9
6
±
.
5
8
5
t
h
-
1
9
(
2
1
.
6
)
1
9
(
8
.
0
)
3
.
9
8
±
.
7
9
6
t
h
-
2
8
(
3
1
.
8
)
2
8
(
1
1
.
8
)
4
.
2
0
±
.
6
8
P
S
E
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
Y
e
s
1
1
4
(
7
6
.
0
)
5
3
(
6
0
.
2
)
1
6
7
(
7
0
.
2
)
4
.
0
2
±
.
6
1
4
.
1
0
<
.
0
0
1
No
3
6
(
2
4
.
0
)
3
5
(
3
9
.
8
)
7
1
(
2
9
.
8
)
3
.
6
6
±
.
7
0
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
l
i
f
e
sat
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
U
n
sat
i
sf
i
e
d
a
4
(
2
.
7
)
7
(
8
.
0
)
1
1
(
4
.
6
)
3
.
6
6
±
.
7
1
6
.
7
9
.
0
0
1
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
b
6
6
(
4
4
.
0
)
3
1
(
3
5
.
2
)
9
7
(
4
0
.
8
)
3
.
7
5
±
.
5
9
b
<
c
†
S
a
t
i
sf
i
e
d
c
8
0
(
5
3
.
3
)
5
0
(
5
6
.
8
)
1
3
9
(
5
4
.
6
)
4
.
0
5
±
.
6
7
M
a
j
o
r
s
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
U
n
sat
i
sf
i
e
d
a
6
(
4
.
0
)
2
(
2
.
3
)
8
(
3
.
4
)
3
.
3
8
±
.
4
0
1
2
.
1
9
<
.
0
0
1
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
b
6
1
(
4
0
.
7
)
1
6
(
1
8
.
2
)
7
7
(
3
2
.
4
)
3
.
6
8
±
.
6
8
a
,
b
<
c
†
S
a
t
i
sf
i
e
d
c
8
3
(
5
5
.
3
)
7
0
(
7
9
.
5
)
1
5
3
(
6
4
.
3
)
4
.
0
5
±
.
6
0
P
e
r
so
n
a
l
i
t
y
M
o
r
e
i
n
t
r
o
v
e
r
t
e
d
1
0
4
(
6
9
.
3
)
6
0
(
6
8
.
2
)
1
6
4
(
6
8
.
9
)
3
.
9
4
±
.
6
7
1
.
1
1
.
2
6
8
M
o
r
e
e
x
t
r
a
v
e
r
t
e
d
4
6
(
3
0
.
7
)
2
8
(
3
1
.
8
)
7
4
(
3
1
.
1
)
3
.
8
4
±
.
6
1
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
Lo
w
a
1
6
(
1
0
.
7
)
1
3
(
1
4
.
8
)
2
9
(
1
2
.
2
)
3
.
9
1
±
.
6
8
.
6
4
.
5
2
8
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
b
1
0
1
(
6
7
.
3
)
4
7
(
5
3
.
4
)
1
4
8
(
6
2
.
2
)
3
.
8
8
±
.
6
5
H
i
g
h
c
3
3
(
2
2
.
0
)
2
8
(
3
1
.
8
)
6
1
(
2
5
.
6
)
3
.
9
9
±
.
6
7
M
=
m
e
a
n
;
a
–
c
d
e
n
o
t
e
s
g
r
o
u
p
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s u
s
e
d
f
o
r
S
c
h
e
f
f
é
p
o
s
t
h
o
c
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
so
n
s;
†
S
c
h
e
f
f
t
e
st
.
3
.
2
.
G
ro
up
diff
er
ence
s
in s
t
ud
y
v
a
ria
bles
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
k
ey
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les
b
etwe
en
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
No
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
th
e
m
ain
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
a
th
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
o
r
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
d
id
n
o
t
d
i
f
f
er
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
b
etwe
en
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
H
o
wev
er
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
3
,
CP
ex
p
er
ien
ce
was
ass
o
ciate
d
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
in
s
elec
ted
v
a
r
iab
les.
Stu
d
en
ts
with
p
r
ac
ticu
m
ex
p
er
ien
ce
r
e
p
o
r
ted
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
er
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
(
t=2
.
9
7
,
p
=.
0
0
3
)
an
d
p
atie
n
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
(
t=2
.
6
3
,
p
=.
0
0
9
)
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
o
s
e
with
o
u
t
s
u
ch
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
em
p
at
h
y
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
d
id
n
o
t
d
if
f
er
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
b
etwe
en
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les b
etwe
en
n
u
r
s
in
g
an
d
Ko
r
ea
n
m
e
d
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
N
u
r
si
n
g
st
u
d
e
n
t
s (
n
=
1
5
0
)
K
o
r
e
a
n
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s (n
=
8
8
)
t
(
p
)
M
±
S
D
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
4
.
2
7
±
.
4
5
4
.
2
3
±
.
5
6
.
6
1
(
.
5
4
)
Emp
a
t
h
y
3
.
4
8
±
.
3
8
3
.
4
7
±
.
4
2
.
2
1
(
.
8
4
)
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sk
i
l
l
s
3
.
5
6
±
.
4
3
3
.
5
0
±
.
5
1
1
.
0
7
(
.
2
9
)
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
y
3
.
8
9
±
.
6
3
3
.
9
4
±
.
7
0
.
5
4
(
.
5
9
)
M=
m
e
a
n
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les b
y
CP
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
(
n
=2
3
8
)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
C
P
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
Y
e
s (n
=
1
2
0
)
C
P
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
N
o
(
n
=
1
1
8
)
t
(
p
)
M
±
S
D
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
4
.
3
5
±
.
5
1
4
.
1
6
±
.
4
5
2
.
9
7
(
.
0
0
3
)
Emp
a
t
h
y
3
.
4
9
±
.
4
1
3
.
4
7
±
.
3
7
.
4
5
(
.
6
5
1
)
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sk
i
l
l
s
3
.
5
5
±
.
4
9
3
.
5
3
±
.
4
3
.
3
0
(
.
7
6
6
)
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
y
4
.
0
2
±
.
6
5
3
.
8
0
±
.
6
5
2
.
6
3
(
.
0
0
9
)
M=
m
e
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
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al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
terp
r
o
fess
io
n
a
l a
ttit
u
d
es,
emp
a
th
y,
c
o
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
s
kills
,
a
n
d
p
a
tie
n
t sa
fety
co
mp
eten
cy
…
(
Mikyo
u
n
g
Lee
)
4225
3
.
3
.
Rela
t
io
ns
hip
s
a
m
o
ng
inte
rpro
f
ess
io
na
l a
t
t
it
ud
es,
empa
t
hy
,
co
mm
un
ica
t
io
n sk
ills
a
nd
P
SE
T
ab
le
4
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
Pear
s
o
n
’
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
am
o
n
g
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
p
a
tien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
.
I
n
te
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
was
p
o
s
itiv
ely
co
r
r
elate
d
with
em
p
ath
y
(
r
=.
4
6
1
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
(
r
=.
3
7
4
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
em
p
ath
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
with
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
il
ls
(
r
=.
5
2
0
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
.
Patien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
was
p
o
s
itiv
ely
co
r
r
elate
d
with
all
th
r
ee
v
ar
iab
les.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
it
wa
s
p
o
s
itiv
ely
ass
o
ciate
d
with
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
(
r
=
.
5
4
6
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
,
em
p
ath
y
(
r
=.
5
1
8
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
,
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
(
r
=.
5
2
4
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l th
at
h
ig
h
er
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
h
ig
h
er
lev
els o
f
p
atien
t saf
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
in
th
is
s
am
p
le.
T
ab
le
4
.
Pear
s
o
n
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
s
tu
d
y
v
a
r
iab
les (
n
=2
3
8
)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Emp
a
t
h
y
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sk
i
l
l
s
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
y
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
––
Emp
a
t
h
y
.
4
6
1
*
*
*
––
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sk
i
l
l
s
.
3
7
4
*
*
*
.
5
2
0
*
*
*
––
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
c
o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
y
.
5
4
6
*
*
*
.
5
1
8
*
*
*
.
5
2
4
*
*
*
––
*
*
*
p
<
.
0
0
1
.
3
.
4
.
F
a
ct
o
rs a
s
s
o
cia
t
ed
wit
h
pa
t
ient
s
a
f
et
y
co
m
pet
ency
A
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
id
en
t
if
y
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
p
atie
n
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
Var
iab
les
wer
e
en
ter
ed
in
t
o
th
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
b
o
th
th
e
o
r
et
ical
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
g
en
e
r
al
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
,
PSE
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
co
lleg
e
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
m
ajo
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
wer
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
ia
b
les
wer
e
en
ter
ed
as
d
u
m
m
y
v
ar
ia
b
les,
with
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
(
6
th
)
,
n
o
PSE
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
co
lleg
e
life
,
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
m
ajo
r
s
er
v
in
g
as
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
I
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
wer
e
in
clu
d
ed
as
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
b
ec
au
s
e
p
atien
t
s
a
f
ety
an
d
I
PE
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
o
r
i
en
tatio
n
,
r
elatio
n
al
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ar
e
ce
n
tr
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
[
1
3
]
,
an
d
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les s
h
o
wed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
with
p
atien
t saf
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
in
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t st
u
d
y
.
Prio
r
to
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
th
e
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
,
k
e
y
m
o
d
el
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
e
Du
r
b
i
n
–
W
atso
n
s
ta
tis
tic
(
1
.
9
5
3
)
in
d
icate
d
n
o
ev
id
en
ce
o
f
au
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
.
T
o
ler
an
c
e
v
alu
es
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
.
3
3
5
to
.
7
5
9
,
all
ab
o
v
e
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
.
1
0
,
an
d
v
ar
ia
n
ce
in
f
latio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
VI
F)
v
alu
es
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
1
.
3
1
8
to
2
.
9
8
7
,
r
em
ain
i
n
g
well
b
elo
w
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
cu
t
o
f
f
o
f
1
0
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
m
u
ltico
llin
ea
r
ity
was n
o
t a
co
n
ce
r
n
.
T
h
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
5
.
PSE
ex
p
er
ien
ce
(
β=.1
4
9
,
p
=.
0
0
7
)
,
m
o
d
er
ate
m
ajo
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
s
atis
f
ied
(
β=−.
1
3
2
,
p
=.
0
4
7
)
,
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
(
β=.2
9
8
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
,
em
p
ath
y
(
β=.2
0
5
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
(
β=.2
8
7
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
wer
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
an
d
co
lleg
e
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
wer
e
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
af
ter
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
was
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
F=1
8
.
4
1
,
p
<.
0
0
1
)
a
n
d
ex
p
lain
ed
4
6
.
9
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
i
n
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
c
o
m
p
eten
c
y
,
with
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
b
ein
g
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
ass
o
ciate
d
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
was
ass
o
ciate
d
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
with
p
r
io
r
PSE
b
u
t
also
with
m
o
d
if
iab
le
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
a
n
d
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
.
T
ab
le
5
.
Facto
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
atien
t saf
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
(
n
=2
3
8
)
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
B
SE
β
t
p
(
C
o
n
st
a
n
t
)
–
.
3
9
9
.
3
8
1
–
1
.
0
5
.
2
9
7
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
y
e
a
r
1
st
–
.
1
0
4
.
1
2
6
–
.
0
5
9
–
.
8
3
.
4
0
9
2
n
d
–
.
1
9
1
.
1
1
4
–
.
1
3
8
–
1
.
6
8
.
0
9
4
4
t
h
–
.
1
8
1
.
1
1
1
–
.
1
2
8
–
1
.
6
3
.
1
0
4
5
t
h
–
.
1
6
7
.
1
4
4
–
.
0
6
9
–
1
.
1
6
.
2
4
8
P
S
E
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
Y
e
s
.
2
1
2
.
0
7
8
.
1
4
9
2
.
7
3
.
0
0
7
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
l
i
f
e
sat
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
U
n
sat
i
sf
i
e
d
–
.
1
1
4
.
1
7
2
–
.
0
3
7
–
.
6
6
.
5
0
8
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
–
.
1
1
7
.
0
8
9
–
.
0
8
8
–
1
.
3
3
.
1
8
7
M
a
j
o
r
s
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
U
n
sat
i
sf
i
e
d
–
.
3
4
2
.
1
9
7
–
.
0
9
4
–
1
.
7
3
.
0
8
5
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
–
.
1
8
5
.
0
9
3
–
.
1
3
2
–
1
.
9
9
.
0
4
7
I
n
t
e
r
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
.
3
9
9
.
0
7
9
.
2
9
8
5
.
0
6
<
.
0
0
1
Emp
a
t
h
y
.
3
4
0
.
0
9
9
.
2
0
5
3
.
4
5
<
.
0
0
1
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sk
i
l
l
s
.
4
0
8
.
0
8
1
.
2
8
7
5
.
0
3
<
.
0
0
1
R
2
=
.
4
9
5
,
A
d
j
.
R
2
=
.
4
6
9
,
F
=
1
8
.
4
1
,
p
<
.
0
0
1
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
f
d
u
m
my
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s:
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
y
e
a
r
(
6
t
h
)
;
P
S
E
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
(
n
o
)
;
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
l
i
f
e
sat
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
sat
i
sf
i
e
d
)
;
ma
j
o
r
sa
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
sa
t
i
sf
i
e
d
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
26
:
4
2
2
0
-
4231
4226
4.
DIS
CU
S
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
x
am
in
e
d
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
am
o
n
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
o
les
o
f
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
.
Patien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
wa
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
r
i
o
r
PSE
,
CP
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
a
n
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
r
elate
d
to
lear
n
in
g
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
wer
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
in
ter
r
elate
d
,
a
n
d
ea
ch
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
with
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
.
No
ta
b
ly
,
in
te
r
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
em
er
g
ed
as
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
p
r
ed
i
cto
r
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
PSE
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
a
n
o
v
er
all
d
i
f
f
er
en
c
e
in
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
was
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
ac
r
o
s
s
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
s
,
th
e
n
o
n
-
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
Sch
ef
f
é
p
o
s
t
h
o
c
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
b
y
y
ea
r
is
lim
ited
o
r
u
n
ev
en
r
ath
er
t
h
an
clea
r
ly
s
tep
wis
e.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
war
r
an
ts
ca
u
tio
u
s
in
te
r
p
r
et
atio
n
,
as
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
ic
ate
th
at
y
ea
r
-
lev
el
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
ar
e
i
n
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
m
ay
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
cu
r
r
icu
lar
s
eq
u
en
cin
g
,
clin
ical
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
a
n
d
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
n
ten
t
in
b
o
th
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
clin
ical
s
ettin
g
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
an
d
r
e
v
iew
s
tu
d
ies
s
im
ilar
ly
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
n
ly
m
o
d
er
ate
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
et
en
ce
an
d
p
er
s
is
ten
t
g
ap
s
b
etwe
en
class
r
o
o
m
lear
n
in
g
an
d
clin
ical
p
r
ac
tice,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
alo
n
e
m
ay
n
o
t
en
s
u
r
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
s
af
ety
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
[
1
0
]
,
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
h
ig
h
er
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
p
r
io
r
PSE
ex
p
er
ien
ce
alig
n
s
with
ev
id
e
n
ce
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
PSE
en
h
an
ce
s
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
attitu
d
es,
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cies,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
l
y
wh
en
d
eliv
er
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
ti
v
e,
p
r
a
ctice
-
o
r
ien
ted
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
c
u
r
r
icu
lar
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
Patien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
was
h
ig
h
er
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
r
ep
o
r
ted
g
r
ea
ter
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
co
lleg
e
life
an
d
th
eir
m
ajo
r
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
b
r
o
ad
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
cli
m
ate
m
ay
in
f
lu
en
ce
p
atien
t
s
a
f
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
f
o
r
m
al
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
ar
e
m
o
r
e
en
g
a
g
ed
with
th
eir
lea
r
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
m
ay
p
ar
ticip
ate
m
o
r
e
ac
tiv
e
ly
in
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
e
r
iv
e
g
r
ea
ter
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
ev
id
e
n
ce
th
at
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
al
cu
ltu
r
e
an
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
co
n
tex
t
s
h
ap
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
lear
n
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
i
n
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
,
an
d
th
at
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
clin
ical
lear
n
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
b
etter
ac
ad
em
ic
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
m
ajo
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
h
ad
a
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
a
r
ec
en
t
p
ath
m
o
d
el
s
tu
d
y
,
wh
ile
s
af
ety
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
an
in
d
i
r
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
af
ety
co
n
tr
o
l
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
y
g
en
d
er
o
r
m
ajo
r
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
is
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
a
m
o
d
if
iab
le
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
an
d
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t th
a
n
a
f
i
x
ed
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
[
1
7
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
ac
ad
em
ic
m
aj
o
r
is
n
o
t
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
eter
m
in
an
t
o
f
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
o
r
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
in
t
h
is
s
am
p
le.
Un
lik
e
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
f
o
cu
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
n
n
u
r
s
in
g
o
r
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
ed
b
o
th
tr
ad
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
e
d
icin
e
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
co
n
tex
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ese
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
ed
u
ca
ted
with
in
d
is
tin
ct
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
tr
ad
itio
n
s
b
u
t
m
a
y
later
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
o
r
in
teg
r
ativ
e
h
e
alth
ca
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
R
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
s
im
ilar
ly
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
ese
co
m
p
eten
cies
ar
e
s
h
ap
ed
m
o
r
e
b
y
s
h
ar
ed
lear
n
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
th
an
b
y
d
is
cip
lin
e
alo
n
e
[
1
7
]
.
A
q
u
alitativ
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
b
o
th
m
ed
ical
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
eg
ar
d
e
d
PSE
as
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
y
em
p
h
asized
d
if
f
er
en
t
asp
e
cts
o
f
lear
n
in
g
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
y
m
ajo
r
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
p
atien
t saf
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
m
ay
b
e
s
h
ap
e
d
less
b
y
d
is
cip
l
in
e
its
elf
an
d
m
o
r
e
b
y
s
h
ar
ed
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e,
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
attitu
d
es,
an
d
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
n
tex
t
u
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
PSE
in
Ko
r
ea
,
wh
e
r
e
in
ter
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
ac
r
o
s
s
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
an
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
d
is
cip
lin
es
r
em
ain
r
elativ
ely
lim
ited
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
m
ajo
r
s
ar
e
c
o
m
p
ar
a
b
ly
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
to
b
en
e
f
it
f
r
o
m
c
o
m
m
o
n
p
atien
t
-
s
af
ety
a
n
d
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
p
r
io
r
to
en
ter
in
g
f
u
ll p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tice
[
1
7
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
with
CP
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
ig
h
er
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
an
d
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
c
lin
ical
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
m
ay
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
class
r
o
o
m
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
team
wo
r
k
,
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
,
a
n
d
r
is
k
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
[
1
0
]
.
R
ec
en
t
e
v
id
en
ce
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
d
u
r
in
g
in
te
r
n
s
h
ip
is
en
h
an
ce
d
wh
en
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
tiv
ely
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
,
s
u
ch
as
ca
s
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
an
d
a
d
v
er
s
e
e
v
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
,
r
ath
er
th
an
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ass
iv
e
clin
ical
p
r
esen
ce
[
3
8
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
em
p
at
h
y
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
d
id
n
o
t
d
if
f
e
r
b
y
p
r
ac
ticu
m
e
x
p
er
i
en
ce
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
p
r
a
cticu
m
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
alo
n
e
m
a
y
b
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
co
m
p
eten
cies.
I
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
r
esear
ch
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
is
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
em
p
ath
y
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
with
ex
p
licit
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
tr
ain
i
n
g
[
3
9
]
.
C
o
llectiv
ely
,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
cu
r
r
icu
la
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
p
r
ac
ticu
m
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
with
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
ef
lectio
n
an
d
t
ar
g
eted
em
p
ath
y
-
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
7
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
e
m
p
ath
y
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
wer
e
all
p
o
s
itiv
ely
r
elate
d
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les
f
o
r
m
a
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
s
af
e
p
r
ac
tice
r
ath
er
th
a
n
o
p
er
atin
g
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
.
R
ec
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
s
im
ilar
ly
co
n
ce
p
t
u
alize
s
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
terp
r
o
fess
io
n
a
l a
ttit
u
d
es,
emp
a
th
y,
c
o
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
s
kills
,
a
n
d
p
a
tie
n
t sa
fety
co
mp
eten
cy
…
(
Mikyo
u
n
g
Lee
)
4227
a
team
-
b
ased
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
th
at
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
a
n
d
s
h
ar
ed
s
itu
atio
n
al
awa
r
en
ess
,
r
ath
er
th
a
n
s
o
lely
o
n
tech
n
ical
s
k
ill
[
4
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
as
s
o
ciatio
n
b
etwe
en
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
an
d
em
p
ath
y
alig
n
s
with
ev
id
en
ce
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
I
PE
ca
n
s
tr
en
g
th
en
em
p
ath
y
to
war
d
b
o
th
p
atien
ts
an
d
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
ee
r
s
[
4
0
]
.
S
im
ilar
ly
,
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
r
r
elati
o
n
b
etwe
en
e
m
p
ath
y
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
r
ec
en
t
n
u
r
s
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
th
ese
two
ca
p
ac
ities
ar
e
clo
s
ely
co
n
n
ec
ted
a
n
d
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
n
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
th
r
o
u
g
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
1
]
.
Patien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
was
p
o
s
itiv
ely
co
r
r
elate
d
with
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
with
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
f
o
r
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
t
h
a
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
w
h
o
p
l
a
ce
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
v
a
l
u
e
o
n
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
ti
o
n
m
a
y
b
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
e
q
u
i
p
p
e
d
t
o
r
ec
o
g
n
i
z
e
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
is
s
u
es
.
T
h
is
i
n
te
r
p
r
e
t
a
t
i
o
n
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
b
y
ev
i
d
e
n
c
e
t
h
a
t
I
P
E
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
-
s
a
f
e
t
y
-
r
e
l
at
e
d
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
a
t
ti
t
u
d
e
s
,
a
n
d
p
r
a
ct
i
c
es
a
c
r
o
s
s
h
e
a
l
t
h
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
s
[
1
7
]
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
at
i
o
n
is
l
i
k
e
ly
a
k
e
y
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
,
a
s
p
o
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
is
a
m
a
j
o
r
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
o
r
t
o
p
a
t
ie
n
t
s
a
f
et
y
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
ts
[
6
]
.
E
m
p
a
t
h
y
a
ls
o
p
l
a
y
s
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
r
o
l
e
,
a
s
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
s
s
i
o
n
a
t
e
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
e
h
as
b
e
e
n
l
in
k
e
d
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
ty
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
y
[
4
2
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
in
ter
n
s
em
p
h
asiz
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
,
ca
s
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
an
d
ac
tiv
e
lea
r
n
in
g
in
s
tr
en
g
t
h
en
in
g
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
[
1
0
]
,
[
3
8
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
T
ak
e
n
to
g
eth
er
,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
cu
r
r
icu
la
th
at
in
te
g
r
ate
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
,
em
p
ath
y
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tr
ain
in
g
,
r
ath
er
th
an
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
th
ese
d
o
m
ain
s
in
is
o
latio
n
[
1
7
]
,
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
0
]
.
R
eg
r
ess
i
o
n
a
n
a
ly
s
is
id
e
n
ti
f
ie
d
i
n
t
er
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
at
tit
u
d
es
as
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est
p
r
e
d
ic
to
r
o
f
p
a
ti
en
t
s
af
et
y
co
m
p
et
en
c
y
,
i
n
d
i
ca
t
in
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
p
l
ac
e
o
n
c
o
ll
a
b
o
r
ati
o
n
m
ay
b
e
m
o
r
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
t
ial
t
h
a
n
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
ti
cs
w
h
e
n
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
in
g
s
a
f
et
y
co
m
p
et
en
ce
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
el
y
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
’
o
r
ie
n
t
ati
o
n
t
o
w
a
r
d
c
o
l
la
b
o
r
ati
o
n
m
a
y
s
e
r
v
e
as
a
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
a
l d
r
iv
e
r
o
f
p
a
tie
n
t
s
a
f
et
y
co
m
p
et
en
cy
.
Fr
o
m
an
I
PE
p
e
r
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
,
p
o
s
iti
v
e
at
tit
u
d
e
s
to
wa
r
d
te
am
wo
r
k
m
a
y
f
a
cilit
at
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
t
io
n
a
n
d
em
p
a
th
ic
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
w
h
i
ch
a
r
e
ess
e
n
ti
al
f
o
r
r
e
co
g
n
i
zi
n
g
,
d
is
c
u
s
s
i
n
g
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
s
a
f
e
ty
r
is
k
s
in
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
cli
n
i
ca
l
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
te
r
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
at
tit
u
d
es m
a
y
f
u
n
cti
o
n
a
s
a
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
al
d
is
p
o
s
i
ti
o
n
t
h
at
e
n
a
b
l
es
e
f
f
e
cti
v
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
ti
o
n
a
n
d
e
m
p
at
h
y
,
t
h
e
r
e
b
y
i
n
d
i
r
e
ctl
y
s
tr
e
n
g
th
e
n
in
g
p
a
tie
n
t
s
a
f
et
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
i
n
t
er
p
r
e
tati
o
n
ali
g
n
s
wi
th
e
v
i
d
en
ce
s
h
o
w
in
g
th
at
I
P
E
im
p
r
o
v
es
p
at
ie
n
t
-
s
af
et
y
-
r
e
lat
ed
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
,
atti
tu
d
es
,
an
d
p
r
ac
t
ices
ac
r
o
s
s
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
f
ess
i
o
n
s
[
1
7
]
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ic
ati
o
n
s
k
il
ls
als
o
r
em
a
in
e
d
a
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
p
r
ed
ict
o
r
a
f
t
er
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
en
tr
al
r
o
l
e
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
io
n
in
e
n
a
cti
n
g
s
a
f
et
y
in
cli
n
i
ca
l
c
ar
e
.
R
ec
e
n
t
ev
id
en
ce
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
at
p
o
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ic
ati
o
n
is
a
m
aj
o
r
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
o
r
t
o
p
atie
n
t
s
a
f
e
ty
i
n
c
id
e
n
ts
,
wh
i
le
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
t
ea
m
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
ti
o
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
h
a
r
e
d
s
i
tu
ati
o
n
a
l
a
wa
r
e
n
ess
a
n
d
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
ate
d
ac
t
io
n
[
4
]
,
[
6
]
.
E
m
p
a
th
y
als
o
m
ai
n
t
ai
n
e
d
a
n
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
as
s
o
ci
ati
o
n
wi
th
p
ati
en
t
s
a
f
e
ty
co
m
p
et
en
c
y
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
t
h
a
t
r
elat
io
n
al
s
e
n
s
i
ti
v
it
y
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
tes
t
o
s
a
f
e
p
r
a
cti
ce
b
e
y
o
n
d
c
o
l
la
b
o
r
ati
o
n
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
ic
ati
o
n
al
o
n
e
.
E
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
r
esea
r
c
h
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
t
h
is
p
e
r
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
,
s
h
o
w
in
g
th
at
e
m
p
ath
y
-
f
o
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s
e
d
t
r
ai
n
i
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g
c
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
o
th
e
m
p
at
h
y
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
ati
o
n
s
k
ills
,
a
n
d
th
a
t
I
P
E
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
e
m
p
at
h
i
c
r
esp
o
n
s
es
i
n
p
r
e
-
li
ce
n
s
u
r
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
0
]
.
PSE
ex
p
er
ien
ce
r
em
ain
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
af
ter
c
o
n
tr
o
l
lin
g
f
o
r
o
th
e
r
v
ar
iab
les,
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
v
iew
th
at
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
ca
n
b
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
licit
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
r
ath
er
th
a
n
b
ein
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a
b
y
-
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
p
r
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ess
io
n
.
A
r
ec
en
t
m
eta
-
an
aly
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is
s
im
ilar
ly
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
PSE
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
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n
ts
’
k
n
o
wled
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e,
attitu
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es,
an
d
co
m
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eten
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p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
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d
eliv
er
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
f
o
r
m
ats
[
4
3
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
m
o
d
er
ate
m
ajo
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
e
x
h
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ited
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t
s
af
ety
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m
p
eten
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o
m
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ar
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to
th
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atis
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u
g
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a
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o
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it
with
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e’
s
d
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cip
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ay
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n
h
an
c
e
en
g
a
g
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io
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v
alu
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n
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p
r
o
m
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r
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A
r
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t
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tu
d
y
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ilar
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o
u
n
d
th
at
h
ig
h
m
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atis
f
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an
d
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o
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itiv
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
s
af
ety
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
wer
e
lin
k
ed
to
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
am
o
n
g
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
ac
ad
em
ic
y
e
ar
an
d
c
o
lleg
e
life
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
wer
e
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
af
ter
a
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ju
s
tm
en
t.
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h
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p
atter
n
s
u
g
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ests
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at
m
o
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p
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x
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al
ed
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d
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ter
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m
ay
b
e
m
o
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f
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tial
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g
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er
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s
tu
d
en
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
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wh
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co
n
s
id
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to
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eth
er
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ex
p
lain
ed
4
6
.
9
%
o
f
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
is
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
m
o
d
if
ia
b
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
an
d
r
elatio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
.
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h
eo
r
etica
lly
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
PSE
r
esear
ch
b
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
a
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
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al
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
ete
n
cy
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
p
atien
t saf
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
is
n
o
t
m
e
r
e
ly
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
o
r
tech
n
ical
attr
ib
u
te
b
u
t
a
s
o
ci
ally
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
an
d
lea
r
n
ab
l
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
ass
o
ciate
d
with
lear
n
er
s
’
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
em
p
ath
ic
o
r
ien
tati
o
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
PSE
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
I
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
m
ay
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
th
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
s
af
e
p
r
ac
tice,
wh
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
an
d
em
p
ath
y
m
ay
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
tr
an
s
late
th
is
o
r
ien
tatio
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in
to
p
atien
t
-
ce
n
ter
ed
a
n
d
team
-
b
ased
s
af
ety
b
eh
av
io
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
m
ay
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
as
an
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
r
ath
e
r
th
an
o
n
ly
as
tech
n
ical
o
r
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
.
T
ak
en
to
g
eth
er
,
t
h
e
n
o
v
el
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
its
in
teg
r
ated
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
as
a
co
m
p
eten
ce
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
em
p
ath
ic
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
PSE
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
in
th
e
lim
its
o
f
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
,
th
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
em
p
ir
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
th
at
p
r
ep
ar
es
tr
ad
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
e
d
icin
e
a
n
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
o
r
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
an
d
s
af
e
p
r
ac
tice.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
20
26
:
4
2
2
0
-
4231
4228
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
av
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
im
p
licatio
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
id
en
tify
m
o
d
if
ia
b
le
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
.
Patien
t
s
af
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co
m
p
eten
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in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
was
in
f
lu
en
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d
m
o
r
e
b
y
m
o
d
i
f
iab
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ed
u
ca
tio
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f
ac
to
r
s
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
at
h
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
PSE
ex
p
er
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ce
,
th
an
b
y
f
ix
ed
s
tu
d
en
t
ch
a
r
ac
ter
i
s
tics
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tau
g
h
t
as
an
in
teg
r
ated
co
m
p
eten
ce
r
ath
er
th
an
as
a
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
to
p
ic
o
r
a
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
b
ased
m
o
d
u
le.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
ap
p
l
y
th
ese
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
b
y
d
esig
n
i
n
g
I
PE
m
o
d
u
les
in
wh
ich
n
u
r
s
in
g
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
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s
tu
d
en
ts
wo
r
k
t
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er
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Su
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is
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ev
en
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id
en
tific
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f
co
m
m
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b
r
ea
k
d
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s
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d
co
llab
o
r
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p
lan
n
in
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f
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is
k
-
r
ed
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ctio
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s
tr
ateg
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Simu
latio
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ased
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clu
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in
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ca
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im
p
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ted
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u
g
h
p
atien
t
n
ar
r
ativ
es,
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
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-
tak
i
n
g
ex
er
cises
,
r
ef
lectiv
e
wr
itin
g
,
an
d
g
u
id
ed
d
e
b
r
ief
in
g
th
at
lin
k
s
p
atien
ts
’
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
with
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies.
C
u
r
r
icu
la
f
o
r
n
u
r
s
in
g
a
n
d
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
PSE
alo
n
g
s
id
e
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
,
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
tr
ain
in
g
,
an
d
em
p
ath
y
-
e
n
h
an
cin
g
ac
tiv
ities
[
1
7
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
R
ec
en
t
ev
id
e
n
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
I
PE
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
atien
t
-
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
attitu
d
es,
an
d
p
r
ac
tices,
an
d
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
PSE
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
s
af
ety
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
attitu
d
es,
an
d
co
m
p
eten
cies
[
1
7
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
E
m
p
ath
y
-
f
o
c
u
s
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
also
b
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
,
as
it
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
o
th
em
p
at
h
y
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
in
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
ate
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
3
9
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
g
ap
s
m
ay
p
er
s
is
t
b
etwe
en
class
r
o
o
m
lear
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
clin
ical
p
r
ac
tice
u
n
less
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
is
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tiv
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
-
o
r
ien
ted
m
eth
o
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
s
ettin
g
s
[
1
0
]
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
-
ce
n
ter
ed
,
a
n
d
e
m
p
ath
y
-
in
f
o
r
m
ed
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
th
at
p
r
ep
ar
es
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
o
r
team
-
b
ased
clin
ical
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
b
y
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
class
r
o
o
m
teac
h
in
g
with
s
im
u
latio
n
,
ca
s
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
r
ef
le
ctiv
e
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
g
u
id
ed
clin
ical
a
p
p
licatio
n
p
r
i
o
r
to
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
a
ctice
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
3
]
.
Sev
er
al
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
p
r
ec
lu
d
es
ca
u
s
al
in
f
er
en
ce
s
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
am
o
n
g
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
at
h
y
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
r
ec
r
u
ited
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
o
m
a
s
in
g
le
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
o
n
e
r
e
g
io
n
o
f
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
,
lim
itin
g
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
o
th
er
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
All
v
ar
iab
les
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
o
n
lin
e
s
elf
-
r
e
p
o
r
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
wh
ich
m
ay
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
r
ec
all
b
ias,
s
o
cial
d
esira
b
ilit
y
b
ias,
n
o
f
o
r
m
al
s
tatis
tical
test
f
o
r
c
o
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
b
ias
was
co
n
d
u
cted
.
T
h
u
s
,
co
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
b
ias
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
en
tire
ly
ex
clu
d
ed
,
a
n
d
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
ca
u
tio
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
ap
p
ly
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
an
d
s
tatis
tical
co
n
tr
o
ls
,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
,
tem
p
o
r
al
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
an
d
f
o
r
m
al
test
s
f
o
r
co
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
v
ar
ian
ce
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
e
m
p
ath
y
s
ca
le
was
ac
ce
p
tab
le
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
,
it
was
r
elativ
ely
lo
wer
th
an
th
at
o
f
t
h
e
o
th
e
r
m
ea
s
u
r
es.
T
h
is
m
ay
r
ef
lect
th
e
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
n
atu
r
e
o
f
em
p
ath
y
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
b
o
th
co
g
n
itiv
e
an
d
af
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
s
o
m
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
er
r
o
r
m
ay
h
av
e
af
f
ec
ted
t
h
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
em
p
ath
y
-
r
elate
d
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
in
v
o
l
v
in
g
em
p
ath
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ca
u
tio
n
.
No
tab
ly
,
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
was
ass
ess
ed
as
p
er
ce
iv
ed
co
m
p
eten
cy
r
ath
er
th
an
ac
tu
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
wh
ich
m
ay
n
o
t
f
u
ll
y
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
b
eh
av
io
r
s
in
r
ea
l
o
r
s
im
u
lated
clin
ical
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
b
y
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
with
ca
u
tio
n
,
as
n
u
r
s
in
g
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
llo
w
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
cu
r
r
i
cu
lar
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
an
d
clin
ical
t
r
ain
in
g
tr
ajec
to
r
ies.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
em
p
l
o
y
m
u
lti
-
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
a
n
d
l
o
n
g
i
tu
d
in
al
d
esig
n
s
with
m
o
r
e
d
iv
er
s
e
an
d
b
alan
ce
d
s
am
p
les,
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
o
b
jectiv
e
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
b
ased
in
d
i
ca
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
a
s
ed
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
o
r
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
an
d
ex
am
in
e
wh
eth
er
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
an
d
PSE
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ca
n
en
h
an
c
e
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
o
v
er
tim
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
id
en
tifie
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
it
d
id
n
o
t
test
m
ed
iatin
g
o
r
m
o
d
er
ati
n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
i
es
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
am
in
e
wh
eth
er
em
p
ath
y
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
m
ed
iate
th
e
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
an
d
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
c
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
r
ac
ticu
m
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
m
ay
m
o
d
e
r
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
o
n
p
atien
t
s
a
f
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
cli
n
ical
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
m
ay
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
o
f
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
ca
p
ac
ities
in
to
s
af
ety
-
r
elate
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
n
u
r
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
lev
els
o
f
i
n
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
at
h
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
CP
ex
p
er
ien
ce
was
co
r
r
elate
d
with
h
ig
h
er
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
an
d
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
.
Patien
t
s
af
ety
c
o
m
p
eten
cy
s
h
o
wed
p
o
s
itiv
e
a
s
s
o
ciatio
n
s
with
all
th
r
ee
p
s
y
ch
o
s
o
cial
v
a
r
iab
les,
an
d
th
e
m
u
ltiv
ar
iab
le
m
o
d
el
in
d
icate
d
th
at
PSE
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
wer
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ass
o
ciate
d
f
ac
to
r
s
,
with
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es
s
h
o
win
g
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
terp
r
o
fess
io
n
a
l a
ttit
u
d
es,
emp
a
th
y,
c
o
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
s
kills
,
a
n
d
p
a
tie
n
t sa
fety
co
mp
eten
cy
…
(
Mikyo
u
n
g
Lee
)
4229
s
tr
o
n
g
est
ass
o
ciatio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
lies
in
its
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
with
in
an
I
PE
co
n
tex
t in
v
o
lv
in
g
b
o
t
h
n
u
r
s
in
g
an
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
co
m
p
eten
cy
is
ass
o
ciate
d
less
with
ac
ad
em
ic
m
ajo
r
alo
n
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
with
m
o
d
if
iab
le
in
ter
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
ter
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
attitu
d
es,
em
p
ath
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
an
d
PSE
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
t
h
at
p
atien
t
s
af
ety
cu
r
r
icu
la
s
h
o
u
ld
m
o
v
e
b
ey
o
n
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
f
o
cu
s
ed
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
in
teg
r
ate
d
lear
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
f
o
s
ter
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
em
p
at
h
ic
en
g
ag
em
en
t.
L
o
n
g
itu
d
in
al
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
u
c
h
as
s
im
u
latio
n
,
ca
s
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
io
n
,
r
ef
lectiv
e
lear
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
g
u
id
e
d
clin
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
,
m
a
y
h
elp
p
r
ep
a
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
d
eliv
er
s
af
e
ca
r
e
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
team
-
b
ased
clin
i
ca
l e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
t
h
e
Natio
n
al
R
esear
ch
Fo
u
n
d
at
io
n
o
f
Ko
r
ea
(
NR
F)
g
r
an
t
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
Ko
r
ea
n
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t (
No
.
R
S2
0
2
5
0
0
5
1
7
9
4
3
)
.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
ax
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
id
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Mik
y
o
u
n
g
L
ee
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Hu
n
p
y
eo
n
g
Par
k
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
ec
lar
e
n
o
co
n
f
licts
o
f
in
ter
est.
I
NF
O
RM
E
D
CO
NS
E
N
T
W
r
itten
in
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
elec
tr
o
n
ically
b
e
f
o
r
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
u
ld
p
r
o
ce
ed
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
On
ly
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
wh
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
c
o
n
s
en
t
af
te
r
r
ev
iewin
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
wer
e
p
er
m
itted
to
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
co
m
p
lete
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
.
Par
ticip
a
n
ts
wer
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
th
at
th
e
y
co
u
ld
with
d
r
aw
a
t
an
y
p
o
in
t
with
o
u
t
an
y
n
eg
ativ
e
c
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
.
T
o
p
r
o
tect
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
d
ata
wer
e
c
o
llected
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
ly
an
d
m
a
n
ag
ed
to
m
ai
n
tain
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
Per
m
is
s
io
n
to
co
n
d
u
ct
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
ea
d
s
o
f
th
e
Ko
r
ea
n
m
ed
icin
e
an
d
n
u
r
s
in
g
d
ep
ar
tm
en
ts
p
r
io
r
to
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ag
e
o
f
th
e
o
n
lin
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
i
n
clu
d
ed
a
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
h
ee
t
o
u
tlin
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
h
ee
t
em
p
h
asized
th
at
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
was
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
an
d
th
at
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
co
u
ld
d
is
co
n
tin
u
e
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
at
an
y
tim
e
with
o
u
t
p
en
alty
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
ass
u
r
ed
th
at
th
eir
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wo
u
ld
b
e
r
em
ain
co
n
f
id
en
tial,
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
o
n
ly
in
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
f
o
r
m
,
an
d
b
e
u
s
ed
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
I
t
was
also
clar
if
ied
th
at
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
was
u
n
r
elate
d
to
ac
ad
em
ic
g
r
a
d
es
o
r
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
aila
b
le
o
n
r
eq
u
est
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
,
[
HP
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata,
wh
ich
co
n
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
a
t
co
u
ld
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
ar
e
n
o
t p
u
b
licly
a
v
ailab
le
d
u
e
to
ce
r
tain
r
estrictio
n
s
.
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