Comparative study of MPPT algorithm on photovoltaic string under partial shading

Abstract

Partial shading significantly degrades the photovoltaic (PV) performance value by introducing multiple peaks in power voltage (P-V) curve, complicating maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This research aims to presents a systematic comparative study of 4 MPPT algorithms, that are i) perturb and observe (P&O), ii) incremental conductance (InC), iii) particle swarm optimization (PSO), and iv) flower pollination algorithm (FPA), under 6 systematically testbeds modeled irradiance scenarios. The evaluation focused on tracking accuracy, convergence speed, and also robustness against local maxima entrapment. The findings indicated that slope-based algorithms (P&O and InC algorithm) achieved rapid convergence (