Humanizing online pedagogy with stream: the mediating role of students’ sense of agency within the community of inquiry
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education
Abstract
This study explores whether students’ sense of agency mediates the relationship between stream integration and the three presences of the community of inquiry (CoI) framework, namely, cognitive, social, and teaching presence in online higher education. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to undergraduates (n=107) from four Malaysian universities by validated instruments for data collection, measured stream integration, sense of agency, and CoI presence. PLS-SEM was employed for data analysis using SmartPLS 4 software, adhering to a two-step process. Stream integration significantly predicted cognitive (β=0.573), social (β=0.405), and teaching presence (β=0.433), as well as sense of agency (β=0.497), all p
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