Evaluating the effectiveness, structure, and influencing factors of legal awareness education activities in higher education institutions

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness, structure, and influencing factors of legal awareness education activities in higher education institutions in Vietnam. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, the research surveyed 375 administrators, lecturers, and students and conducted 15 semi-structured interviews to integrate statistical evidence with contextual interpretation. The results show that structural components were rated fairly high, but experiential methods and updated legal content remained weaker than lecturer competence and content relevance. Legal attitude received the highest outcome score, whereas lawful behavior, particularly in cyberspace, was less consistent. Reliability, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results confirmed acceptable measurement quality, and regression analysis explained 46.2% of the variance in legal awareness outcomes. Educational content and methods were the strongest predictors, followed by environment and educational actors. The study contributes a systemic evaluation framework and highlights the awareness-attitude-behavior gap in digital legal education.