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29,922 Article Results

Effects of intensity of magnetic field generated by neodymium permanent magnet sheets on electrical characteristics of monocrystalline silicon solar cell

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp18-27
Piyapat Panmuang , C. Photong
In this research, the effects of magnetic field intensity on electrical characteristics of a monocrystalline silicon solar cell were investigated. The experimental test-rig under Standard Test Condition was set up and tested to observe the respective effects. The electrical characteristics in terms of current-voltage-power curves, critical solar cell parameters and fill factor were then examined and analyzed. The outcome of this study demonstrates that the external magnetic field has a positive impact on electrical parameters, the experimental results showed that applying magnetic intensity of 60-260mT significantly affected the electrical characteristics of the cell; i.e., maximized cell current, voltage and power by 12.20, 7.12 and 23.60%, respectively. In addition, this positive impact consequencely happened on the i-v and p-v electrical characteristics curves of the solar cell; reflected by 3.69% increasing in the fill factor. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 18-27
Publish at: 2021-01-01

The impact of user involvement in software development process

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp354-359
Nouf Bin saif , Mashael Almohawes , Nor Shahida Mohd Jamail
In software development process, user can take part in any phase of the process, depending on what model is being applied. Lack of user involvement can result in a poorly designed solution, or even a solution that conflicts with user’s needs. This review paper presents the impact of user involvement in software development process. In this study, different software development processes will be reviewed, show where the user usually gets involved in different models such as: Structural (Waterfall, V-model) and incremental (Scrum-extreme programming XP). As each model differs from the other, each of them has a different perspective of where user should take part and where they should not. This can be an asset that helps project managers, and leaders to develop suitable strategies to follow in their projects.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 354-359
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Numerous speeds-loads controller for DC-shunt motor based on PID controller with on-line parameters tuning supported by genetic algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp64-73
Mazin Abdulelah Alawan , Oday Jasim Mohammed Al-Furaiji
Direct-current (DC) motor is a commonly used motor; its speed is directly affected by applying mechanical load. This paper proposes the design of wide speed-load range controller for a direct-current (DC) shunt motor based on proportional–integral–derivative (PID controller) with genetic system for controller parameters adjusting. The genetic based PID controller is simulated by using Matlab software package and tested with different sudden load values and different working speeds. A present control loop contains the suggested PID controller also Pulse-Width-Modulation PWM generator and H-bridge inverter. With the genetic system enhancement to parameters of developed PID controller, the results demonstration that this controller has great impact to preserve the profiles of the motor speed and produced torque after applied sudden load, and its intensification the motor performance at different speed and load conditions.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 64-73
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Enhancing software development cost control by forecasting the cost of rework: preliminary study

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp524-537
Tarig Ahmed Khalid , Eng-Thiam Yeoh
Industrial reports show massive cost overruns associated with software projects. The cost of software reworks constitutes a large portion of the overall cost, reflecting a substantial challenge in cost control. Earned value management (EVM) is the most recognized model for project cost control. However, it shows many limitations in forecasting the software project cost, leading to a considerable challenge in cost control. Nevertheless, the major EVM limitation found is its inability to forecast the cost of software rework. This research investigated the factors affecting this limitation and suggests an enhanced EVM model. The significant contribution of this research is its incorporation of software-related factors into the EVM model. We introduced the software rework index (SRI), which is incorporated into the traditional EVM model to enhance its predictability of the software project cost at completion, including the rework cost. We defined the SRI in terms of two factors: product functional complexity and the team competency. Finally, we evaluated the proposed model using a dataset drawn from five actual projects. The results showed a significant enhancement in forecasting accuracy.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 524-537
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Development of arabic sign language dictionary using 3D avatar technologies

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp609-616
Ahmed H. Aliwy , Ahmed A. Alethary
The arabic sign language (ArSL) is the natural language of the deaf community in Arabic countries. ArSL suffers from a lack of resources such as unified dictionaries and corpora. In this work, a dictionary of Arabic language to ArSL has been constructed as a part of a translation system. The Arabic words are converted into hamburg notation system (HamNoSys) using eSign editor Software. HamNoSys was used to create manual parameters (handshape, hand orientation, hand location, and hand movement), while non-manual parameters (facial expressions, shoulder raising, mouthing gesture, head tilting, and body movement) added by using (mouth, face, and limbs) in the eSign editor software. The sign then converted to the sign gesture markup language (SiGML) file, and later 3D avatar interprets the SiGML file scripts to the animated sign. The constructed dictionary has three thousand signs; therefore, it can be adopted for the translation system in which written text can be transformed into sign language and can be utilized for the education of deaf people. The dictionary will be available as a free resource for researchers. It is hard and time-consuming work, but it is an essential step in machine translation of whole Arabic text to ArSL with 3D animations. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 609-616
Publish at: 2021-01-01

The necessity of a lead person to monitor development stages of the DevOps pipeline

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp348-353
Betool Alnamlah , Sara Alshathry , Norah Alkassim , Nor Shahida Mohd Jamail
The Development-to-Operations model, known as DevOps, refers to a framework that integrates the development and operation phases of organizational applications. DevOps bridges the gap between these two processes that traditionally prolonged the implementation of these applications. This framework aims at enhancing service delivery and releasing subsequent updates based on real-time customer feedback. Consumers in this modern era prefer tailor-made services, and a slight downtime from one supplier can quickly shift their preference to the company’s competitors. However, DevOps involves sophisticated coding activities, and there is a need for someone to oversee these processes to ensure developers are not overwhelmed. The objective of this survey is to clarify the significance of a lead person to monitor the DevOps pipeline and report any failure detected in each development stage. The study utilized meta-analysis of verified tertiary resources from other researchers that took a deep dive into the DevOps model and how it works towards organizational goals in various firms. All institutions involved in multiple business platforms should take advantage of new technologies to scale up their service delivery and net profit. If adopted and appropriately monitored, DevOps can revolutionize the capabilities of most business applications by minimizing downtimes and providing uninterrupted services.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 348-353
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Classification of a COVID-19 dataset by using labels created from clustering algorithms

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp164-173
Layth Rafea , Abdulrahman Ahmed , Wisam D. Abdullah
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a newly discovered infectious disease that has received much attention in the literature because of its rapid spread and daily global deaths attributable to such disease. The White House, together with a coalition of leading research groups, has published the freely available COVID-19 Open Research Dataset to help the global research community apply the recent advances in natural language processing and other AI techniques in generating novel insights that can support the ongoing fight against this disease. In this paper, the hierarchical and k-means clustering techniques are used to create a tool for identifying similar articles on COVID-19 and filtering them based on their titles. These articles are classified by applying three data mining techniques, namely, random forest (RF), decision tree (DT) and bagging. By using this tool, specialists can limit the number of articles they need to study and pre-process these articles via data framing, tokenisation, normalisation and term frequency-inverse document frequency. Given its 2D nature, the dimensionality of this dataset is reduced by applying t-SNE. The aforementioned data mining techniques are then cross validated to test the accuracy, precision and recall performance of the proposed tool. Results show that the proposed tool effectively extracts the keywords for each cluster, with RF, DT and bagging achieving optimal accuracies of 98.267%, 97.633% and 97.833%, respectively.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 164-173
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Fast and accurate primary user detection with machine learning techniques for cognitive radio networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp472-478
G. A. Pethunachiyar , B. Sankaragomathi
Spectrum decision is an important and crucial task for the secondary user to avail the unlicensed spectrum for transmission. Managing the spectrum is an efficient one for spectrum sensing. Determining the primary user presence in the spectrum is an essential work for using the licensed spectrum of primary user. The information which lacks in managing the spectrum are the information about the primary user presence, accuracy in determining the existence of user in the spectrum, the cost for computation and difficult in finding the user in low signal-to noise ratio (SNR) values. The proposed system overcomes the above limitations. In the proposed system, the various techniques of machine learning like decision tree, support vector machines, naive bayes, ensemble based trees, nearest neighbour’s and logistic regression are used for testing the algorithm. As a first step, the spectrum sensing is done in two stages with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and Energy Detection algorithm at the various values of SNR. The results generated from the above algorithm is used for database generation. Next, the different machine learning techniques are trained and compared for the results produced by different algorithms with the characteristics like speed, time taken for training and accuracy in prediction. The accuracy and finding the presence of the user in the spectrum at low SNR values are achieved by all the algorithms. The computation cost of the algorithm differs from each other. Among the tested techniques, k-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm produces the better performance in a minimized time.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 472-478
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Design and implementation of a smart home system with two levels of security based on IoT technology

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp546-557
Mohammed Murad , Oguz Bayat , Hamzah M. Marhoon
Besides the development of technology in recent years, there has been an effective tendency to construct smart cities and homes. Whereas the smart home control system components can be incorporated with the existing home appliances to eliminate the need for human intervention, save electricity, protect homes from accidents as well as the theft, and provide home residents with comfort. This work comprises the utilising of the internet of things (IoT) technology to build the proposed design for the smart home. The proposed design includes many subsystems as well as several types of sensors, such as the passive infrared (PIR) sensor, the gas sensor, the soil moisture sensor, the water level sensor, the temperature sensor, the light dependent resistance (LDR), and the flame sensor. Each sensor will be connected to the Arduino Nano for the data processing purpose, after which the Arduino Nano will be connected to the NodeMCU module via the digital pins to implement the IoT subsystem. The proposed system also includes a smart garage gate based on Bluetooth HC-05 module with a specially programmed android app. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 546-557
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Conventional doped silica/fluoride glass fibers for low loss and minimum dispersion effects

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp287-295
Aadel M. Alatwi , Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
This paper has clarified the conventional silica doped (SiGeO2) and aluminum fluoride (AlF3) fibers for low loss and minimum dispersion effects for upgrading fiber-optic communication systems. The total dispersion with the total losses are modeled for both fibers. Fiber bandwidth and the power received are estimated based on different dopant ratios. The spectral and thermal effects are applied on both fibers. The study assured the negative effects of increasing ambient temperatures and the positive effects of increasing dopant ratios on the performance of the fibers. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 287-295
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Supervision and control by SCADA of an automated fire system

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp92-100
Omar Chamorro-Atalaya , Dora Arce-Santillan , Teodoro Diaz-Leyva , Martin Diaz-Choque
The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a prototype of a monitoring and control system for a fire-fighting system, implemented through SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) for which the OPC (OLE for process control) is known. Known KepServerEX6 (single data source connectivity platform), with which the integration of the PLC (programmable logic controller), the human-machine interface (HMI) and the computer will be controlled, with the application of monitoring the operating parameters of a fire fighting system. These parameters are the pressure and flow of the electric pump, the values of the parameters are regularly controlled automatically by means of a frequency variator, according to the sprinkler actuation, the variator varies its operating frequency until achieving the optimal pressure and flow values. The level of correlation between the indicators to be monitored by the SCADA system is highly significant, equal to 0.977, 0.983 and 0.997 respectively. In addition, the dispersion model of the indicators monitored by the SCADA system will be determined, is the quadratic, with a determination factor of 0.999.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 92-100
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Regular clocking scheme based design of cost-efficient comparator in QCA

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp44-55
Jayanta Pal , Mojtaba Noorallahzadeh , Jyotirmoy Sil Sharma , Dhrubajyoti Bhowmik , Apu Kumar Saha , Bibhash Sen
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) gained a notable attraction in the emerging nanotechnology to get the better of power consumption, density, nano-scale design, the performance of the present CMOS technology. Many designs had been proposed in QCA for an arithmetic circuit like adder, divider, parity checker and comparator etc. Most of the designs have been facing the challenges of cost efficiency, power dissi-pation, device density etc. However, consideration of design automation, underlying clocking layout and integration of the sub modules are the most important which has a direct impact on the fabrication of the design. This work proposed a novel cost ef-fective and power aware comparator design, which is an essential segment in central processing unit (CPU). The noticeable novelty of the design was the use of underlying regular clocking scheme. A new scalable, regular clocking scheme has been utilized in the coplanar design of the comparator which enables regular or uniform cell layout of QCA circuit. It also exhibited the significant improvement over existing counterparts having irregular clocking in terms of area and latency. QCADesigner was used to test and verify the functionality of the circuit and by using QCAPro the power dissipation has been analyzed.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 44-55
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Live to learn: learning rules-based artificial neural network

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp558-565
Aseel Shakir I. Hilaiwah , Hanan Abed Alwally Abed Allah , Basim Akhudir Abbas , Tole Sutikno
An extensive review of the artificial neural network (ANN) is presented in this paper. Previous studies review the artificial neural network (ANN) based on the approaches (algorithms) used or based on the types of the artificial neural network (ANN). The presented paper reviews the ANN based on the goal of the ANN (methods, and layers), which become the main objective of this paper. As a famous artificial intelligent model, ANN mimics the human nervous system in handling the information transmited by different nodes (also known as neurons) in this model. These nodes are stacked in layers and work collectively to bring about solution to complex problems. Numerous structures exist for ANN and each of these structures is designed to addressa a specific task. Basically, the ANN architecture is comprised of 3 different layers wherein the first layer rpresents the input layer that consist of several input nodes that represent the input parameterfor the model. The hidden layer is te second layer and consists of a hidden layer of neurons. The neurons in this layer are directly connected to the neurons in the output layer. The third layer is the output layer which is the models’ response layer. The output layer neurons have the activation functions for the calculation of the ANN final output. The connection between the nodes in the ANN model is mediated by synaptic weights. This paper is a comprehensive study of ANN models and their layers.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 558-565
Publish at: 2021-01-01

A fast spectral conjugate gradient method for solving nonlinear optimization problems

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp429-439
Ali A. Al-Arbo , Rana Z. Al-Kawaz
This paper proposes a new spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) approach for solving unregulated nonlinear optimization problems. Our approach proposes Using Wolfe's rapid line scan to adjust the standard conjugate descent (CD) algorithm. A new spectral parameter is a mixture of new gradient and old search path. The path provided by the modified method provides a path of descent for the solution of objective functions. The updated method fits the traditional CD method if the line check is correct. The stability and global convergence properties of the current new SCG are technically obtained from applying certain well-known and recent mild assumptions. We test our approach with eight recently published CD and SCG methods on 55 optimization research issues from the CUTE library. The suggested and all other algorithms included in our experimental research were implemented in FORTRAN language with double precision arithmetic and all experiments were conducted on a PC with 8 GB ram Processor Intel Core i7. The results indicate that our proposed solution outperforms recently reported algorithms by processing and performing fewer iterations in a shorter time.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 429-439
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Economic challenges of cloud computing in Iraqi educational institutions using exploratory analysis

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp566-573
Farah Hussein Mohammed Jawad , Huda Husein M. Jawad
Cloud computing (CC) implementation for educational services is confronting several challenges. Prior research focused on the technological related challenges while few examine the economic challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic challenges for using CC in educational institutions in Iraq. Articles pertaining to the topics were extracted from main databases. Based on the review, the critical challenges were identified. To confirm their relatedness to Iraqi context, a questionnaire related to the challenges was developed. A total of 204 respondents working as IT professional has participated in this study. The findings showed that the challenges mainly related to the infrastructure readiness, internet connection, cost of establishing and managing the CC. The challenges were divided into three phases. The pre-implementation phase includes the challenges of selecting service provider and deployment as well as the readiness of stakeholders, training, and infrastructure readiness. The implementation phase includes the challenges of maintaining the bandwidth, compatibility, legacy system, internet connection, reliability, availability, connectivity, and management. The post-implementation phase includes the challenges of security, privacy, quality of education, switching cost, and lock-in. The most critical challenges in all phases are related to infrastructure readiness, internet connection, switching cost and management of CC. The findings were discussed and limitations of the study as well as the direction for future works were given. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 566-573
Publish at: 2021-01-01
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