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31,456 Article Results

Optimal PID controller design using artificial bee colony algorithm for robot arm

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp84-91
Ghassan A. Sultan , Muhammed K. Jarjes
Proportional integral derivation (PID) controller is used in this paper for optimal design, and tuning by zeigler and nichol (ZN) with artificial bee colony algorithm. The best parameter were found using these algorithms for best performance of a robot arm. The advantage of using ABC were highlighted. The controller using the new algorithm was tested for valid control process. Different colony size has been performed for tuning process, settling time, from time domain performance, rise time, overshot, and steady state error with ABC tuning give better dynamic performance than controller using the (ZN).
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 84-91
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Real time model of a lock gate system upon fingerprint with microcontroller

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp37-43
Maath Jasem Mahammad , Yousif Al Mashhadany , Abdulkader Mohammad Eyada
Safety is one of the most important things that we are keen to provide all aspects of our lives. Keyless lock gate with fingerprint access has many advantages over traditional systems such as passwords. Therefore, fingerprint identification represents the main part, which require that system is cheap, practical, easy to use and allows fast and securely. This paper discusses the design and implementation with real time model of a practical lock gate system for the achievement of high security by using fingerprint purification to control the mechanism of opening doors in banks, warehouses, laboratories and places of interest. In this paper, the microcontroller technology in the Ardonio board was used with an optical sensor to take the fingerprint, convert it into digital data, and insert it into a definition window to unify all input data and store it for use when compared to the system experience. After obtaining the result of the comparison, the appropriate commands are prepared for operating the servo of the lock mechanism for the doors used. In the testing of the system, the results are very accurate. The system also has other advantages such as small size and low power required for operation and ease of use. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 37-43
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Smart hand gestures recognition using K-NN based algorithm for video annotation purposes

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp242-252
Malek Zakarya Alksasbeh , Ahmad H AL-Omari , Bassam A. Y. Alqaralleh , Tamer Abukhalil , Anas Abukarki , Ibrahim Alkore Alshalabi , Amal Alkaseasbeh
Sign languages are the most basic and natural form of languages which were used even before the evolution of spoken languages. These sign languages were developed using various sign "gestures" that are made using hand palm. Such gestures are called "hand gestures". Hand gestures are being widely used as an international assistive communication method for deaf people and many life aspects such as sports, traffic control and religious acts. However, the meanings of hand gestures vary among different civilization cultures. Therefore, because of the importance of understanding the meanings of hand gestures, this study presents a procedure whichcan translate such gestures into an annotated explanation. The proposed system implements image and video processing which are recently conceived as one of the most important technologies. The system initially, analyzes a classroom video as an input, and then extracts the vocabulary of twenty gestures. Various methods have been applied sequentially, namely: motion detection, RGB to HSV conversion, and noise removing using labeling algorithms. The extraction of hand parameters is determined by a K-NN algorithm to eventually determine the hand gesture and, hence showing their meanings. To estimate the performance of the proposed method, an experiment using a hand gesture database is performed. The results showed that the suggested method has an average recognition rate of 97%. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 242-252
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Network size variation of geographical aided routing protocols in MANET

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp420-428
Radhwan B. Al-Bayram , Radhwan M. Abdullah
In position-based or geo-casting ad hoc networking applications, the data packets flooded in a limited area of the expected region toward the destination node. In such networks, a multi-hop routing is to followed when the position of the destination node is residing off-range the wireless transmission of the source node. Scientific literature references in this concept have been conducted depended on the diversity of quantitative metrics-tests regarding the size of the assigned networks so that this space is intended to be the variation in the density of the moving nodes (the number of nodes per unit of measurement). In this work, we studied the impact of the change in the size (area) of the ad hoc network with the concept of variation in the network's area while remaining the total number of nodes as a constant volume. In this paper, three of the position-based routing protocols have evaluated in terms of a network size variation. These routing protocols are: locations aided routing LAR, the distance routing effect algorithm for mobility DREAM, and the greedy perimeter stateless routing GPSR. With each simulation test, a quantitative metrics evaluation determined the most efficient protocol and the most efficient accessibility with the network environment changes in terms of actual workspace. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 420-428
Publish at: 2021-01-01

A novel branch current flow-based construction of microgrids

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp28-36
Kavitha Sivakumar , Jayashree R , Karthikeyan Danasagaran
An efficient procedure for defining the boundaries of microgrids in smart distribution systems during distributed generation expansion planning becomes an important consideration in constructing smart grids. A novel approach named "Modified Reverse Current Flow Method" is proposed in this paper to split a large radial distribution system into a required number of self-adequate microgrids. This cluster of microgrids will be capable of utilizing maximum power output of the distributed renewable energy generators and will act as highly reliable zones, during both islanded and grid-connected modes. This method is based on the trend reversal of the flow of current in the various parts of the circuit. This paper uses the practical machine operating curves of the distributed generators to calculate their reactive power output. For the considered distribution system, the proposed method is applied to find the optimal point of operation and the boundaries of microgrids. To bring out the superiority of this novel method, the improvement in reliability indices and economic savings of this method are compared with the results obtained using a similar method available in the literature. This method has several notable merits, namely, increased accuracy in the calculation of annual energy losses and the voltage profile. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 28-36
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Blind image watermarking scheme based on lowest energy contourlet transform coefficient and modified arnold cat/ikeda maps

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp196-207
Jinan N. Shehab , Hussein A. Abdulkadhim , Yousif Allbadi
The widespread of global internet has led to the need for developing new methods of protecting multimedia information from exploitation, alteration or forgery, illegal distribution, and manipulation. An attacker is quickly and illegally distributing or changing multimedia information by using various means of computer technology. For detecting this manipulation, this paper suggests blind watermark image inside a host image for observing in the receiver. If the watermark image was retrieved, then the host image was not attacked or manipulated. While if not retrieved, in this case, the image was attacked. The proposed method is depending on a decomposition of the host image using lowest energy sub-bands of Contourlet transform (4-levels), with scrambling by Ikeda map of the watermark image, and selecting new positions by modified Arnold Cat map. This will produce more security and safety, as well as provide more difficulty or prevent hacking. The obtained results confirm the robustness against attacks and more effectiveness of the presented scheme compared with the other similar works. Also, using lowest energy sub-bands will expand area of embedding and this part will be considered in the future works with the color images.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 196-207
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Probing signals with ZACZ for GPRonboard of unmanned aerial vehicle

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp110-117
Roman N. Ipanov , Aleksey A. Komarov
Modern ground penetrating radars (GPR), designed to determine the thickness of ice or search for the occurrence of aquifers in arid regions of the Earth, are installed either on helicopters or on the earth's surface. The use of a helicopter is economically expensive, and the installation of GPRs on the earth's surface is of a local nature. Modern GPRs mainly use video pulse probing signals and probing signals with linear frequency modulation. These signals have correlation noise, which makes it difficult to obtain a high-quality radar image. In this work, we propose to use a signal with a zero autocorrelation zone (ZACZ) as a probing signal for GPR installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle. In work, a polyphase probing signal with a ZACZ is synthesized and a comparative analysis of the correlation characteristics of the synthesized signal with the optimal phase-code shift keyed signal is carried out. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 110-117
Publish at: 2021-01-01

COVID-19 knowledge-based system for diagnosis in Iraq using IoT environment

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp328-337
Bashar M. Nema , Yasmin Makki Mohialden , Nadia Mahmood Hussien , Nael Ali Hussein
The importance and benefits of healthcare mobile applications is increasing rapidly, especially when such applications are connected to the internet of things (IoT). This paper describes a smart knowledge-based system (KBS) that helps patients showing symptoms of Influenza verify being infected with Coronavirus, commonly known as COVID-19. In addition to the systems’ diagnostic functionality, it helps these patients get medical assistance fast by notifying medical authorities using the IoT. This system displays patient’s location, phone number, date and time of examination. During the applications’ development, the developers used Twilio, short message service (SMS), WhatsApp, and Google map applications.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 328-337
Publish at: 2021-01-01

License plate recognition for campus auto-gate system

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp128-136
Nur Liyana Yaacob , Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani , Fuad M. Noman , Ahmad Wafi Mahmood Zuhdi , Dhuha Habeeb
Automatic licence plate recognition (LPR) has been a subject of study for the last few decades. Considering the recent advancements in machine learning methods and portable devices, this increasingly attracting researchers’ interest to provide more reliable LPR systems. Several LPR techniques have been reported in the literature in different intelligent transportation applications and surveillance systems, and yet a ropust LPR system remains a challenging research task. Because the performance of current techniques is subject to several factors and local conditions, this paper aims to explore the use of LPR in a specific application; i.e. Automatic plate recognition to monitor the entry and exit of vehicles at the university campus gates. Implementing an auto-gate system is an important application for a smooth control of flowing traffic especially during peak hours. We propose an automated system with the ability to capture, verify and recognize the license plates using image processing-based techniques. The system is aimed to work alongside existing access cards and other gate remote controls. Experimental evaluation of the system reveals a detection accuracy of 91.58%, a successful plate number segmentation rate of 91% and 80% accuracy of plate recognition.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 128-136
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Implementation of rover tank firefighting robot for closed areas based on arduino microcontroller

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp56-63
Ahmed Murad , Oguz Bayat , Hamzah M. Marhoon
Recently, communication via the wireless systems become promising, since the wireless communication system provides several benefits such as the disposal of the wire usage, provides long-distances communication, and the disposal of periodic maintenance of data transmission lines. In robotic science, the wireless system unit is the main part of the mobile robot. Whereas, only wireless communication module responsible for transmitting commands from the transmitter (e.g. mobile or PC) to the receiver (i.e. robot brain) and vice versa. With the increase in population growth and the construction of the urban, fires have become widely spread. It is worth mentioning here that the lives of firefighters are in permanent danger where they may be exposed to the combustion or inhalation of toxic gasses associated with the combustion process. Therefore, become necessary to find effective ways to reduce these risks. In this paper, a rover tank robot is implemented for fire extinguishing in closed areas based on the Arduino microcontroller, flame sensor, and motion sensor. The robot has a small water pump installed on a servo motor to pump water, the first flame sensor placed on the right of the robot's front and the second to the left of the robot's front. When a fire is explored through a flame sensor, the water pump sprays water to the location of the fire. The robot is driven wirelessly utilising the Bluetooth HC-06 module and the Wi-Fi camera utilised for driving purposes. Besides, a passive infrared (PIR) sensor is used to detect the presence of any living organism inside the fire site to alert the robot driver that an organism requires a rescue.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 56-63
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Conventional doped silica/fluoride glass fibers for low loss and minimum dispersion effects

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp287-295
Aadel M. Alatwi , Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
This paper has clarified the conventional silica doped (SiGeO2) and aluminum fluoride (AlF3) fibers for low loss and minimum dispersion effects for upgrading fiber-optic communication systems. The total dispersion with the total losses are modeled for both fibers. Fiber bandwidth and the power received are estimated based on different dopant ratios. The spectral and thermal effects are applied on both fibers. The study assured the negative effects of increasing ambient temperatures and the positive effects of increasing dopant ratios on the performance of the fibers. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 287-295
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Energy efficient hierarchical based fish eye state routing protocol for flying Ad-hoc networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp465-471
Muhammad Abul Hassan , Syed Irfan Ullah , Abdus Salam , Arbab Wajid Ullah , Muhammad Imad , Farhat Ullah
Flying Ad-hoc networks are emergent area in Ad-hoc networks evolved from MANETs and VANETs. Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used in FANETs applications and these small UAVs have limited resources while efficiently utilization of these resources is most critical task in real time monitoring of FANETs application. Network consumes its resources in path selection process and data routing from source to destination. Selecting of efficient routing protocol to utilize all available resources played vital role in extending network life time. In this article fisheye state routing (FSR) protocol is implemented in FANET and compare networks performance in term of channel utilization, link utilization vs throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR) with distance sequence distance vector (DSDV), optimized link state routing (OLSR), adhoc on demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR) and temperary ordered routing protocol (TORA). Experimental analysis slows that FSR is good in term of PDR (16438 packets delivered), channel utilization (89%) and link vs throughput from the rest of routing protocols after addressing of these problems UAVs resources are efficiently utilized (energy).
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 465-471
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Power quality improvement using fuzzy logic controller based unified power flow controller

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp1-9
Ahmed Nasser Alsammak , Hasan Adnan Mohammed
The Power quality of the electrical system is an important issue for industrial, commercial, and housing uses. An increasing request for high quality electrical power and an increasing number of distorting loads had led to increase the consideration of power quality by customers and utilities. The development and use of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTs) controllers in power transmission systems had led to many applications of these controllers. A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the FACTs elements which is used to control both active and reactive power flow of the transmission line. This paper tried to improve power quality using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based UPFC, where it used to control both active and reactive power flow, decreas the total harmonic distortion (THD), correct power factor, regulate line voltage and enhance transient stability. A comparison study of the performance between the system with a conventional PID controller and FLC has been done. The theoretical analysis has been proved by implementing the system using MATLAB/SIMULINK package.The Power quality of the electrical system is an important issue for industrial, commercial, and housing uses. An increasing request for high quality electrical power and an increasing number of distorting loads had led to increase the consideration of power quality by customers and utilities. The development and use of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTs) controllers in power transmission systems had led to many applications of these controllers. A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the FACTs elements which is used to control both active and reactive power flow of the transmission line. This paper tried to improve power quality using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based UPFC, where it used to control both active and reactive power flow, decreas the total harmonic distortion (THD), correct power factor, regulate line voltage and enhance transient stability. A comparison study of the performance between the system with a conventional PID controller and FLC has been done. The theoretical analysis has been proved by implementing the system using MATLAB/SIMULINK package.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 1-9
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Lightweight route adjustment strategy for mobile sink wireless sensor networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp313-320
Ahmed Basil Ghazi , Omar Adil Mahdi , Wid Badee Abdulaziz
As a result of numerous applications and low installation costs, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have expanded excessively. The main concern in the WSN environment is to lower energy consumption amidst nodes while preserving an acceptable level of service quality. Using multi-mobile sinks to reduce the nodes' energy consumption have been considered as an efficient strategy. In such networks, the dynamic network topology created by the sinks mobility makes it a challenging task to deliver the data to the sinks. Thus, in order to provide efficient data dissemination, the sensor nodes will have to readjust the routes to the current position of the mobile sinks. The route re-adjustment process could result in a significant maximization in the communication cost, which boosts the total energy depletion. This paper proposes a lightweight routes re-adjustment strategy for mobile sink wireless sensor networks (LRAS-MS) aimed at minimizing communication cost and energy consumption by reducing route re-adjustment in a cluster-based WSN environment. The simulation results show a significant reduction in communication costs and extending the network lifetime while maintaining comparable low data delivery delay.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 313-320
Publish at: 2021-01-01

A review of IoT-based smart waste level monitoring system for smart cities

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp450-456
A. A. I. Shah , S. S. M. Fauzi , R. A. J. M. Gining , T. R. Razak , M. N. F. Jamaluddin , R. Maskat
Smart cities are covering the population that are seeking the best lifestyle and fulfilling their needs. Through smart cities, necessary modern facilities using ICT emerging technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) had been installed to ensure the sustainability of the city. In the perspective of waste management, several different IoT-based solutions also had been proposed as an alternative to monitor and to ensure the health of communities. This paper reviews existing IoT-based solutions in smart cites’ waste level management system to bring together the state-of-the-art. We performed reviews on 16 research articles from the past 5 years in the literature to provide a comprehensive review of different works on IoT-based solutions related to the smart waste level monitoring system, possible solutions and technologies used. The results obtained shows that existing solutions were similar in the platform used to integrate with the IoT technologies but had some differences in term of the used of sensors and communication technologies. The study also shows that many of the prior studies used Arduino Uno. Results from this study will assist the researcher, focusing on expanding further the used of different technologies or improved the existing system.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 450-456
Publish at: 2021-01-01
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