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Live to learn: learning rules-based artificial neural network

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp558-565
Aseel Shakir I. Hilaiwah , Hanan Abed Alwally Abed Allah , Basim Akhudir Abbas , Tole Sutikno
An extensive review of the artificial neural network (ANN) is presented in this paper. Previous studies review the artificial neural network (ANN) based on the approaches (algorithms) used or based on the types of the artificial neural network (ANN). The presented paper reviews the ANN based on the goal of the ANN (methods, and layers), which become the main objective of this paper. As a famous artificial intelligent model, ANN mimics the human nervous system in handling the information transmited by different nodes (also known as neurons) in this model. These nodes are stacked in layers and work collectively to bring about solution to complex problems. Numerous structures exist for ANN and each of these structures is designed to addressa a specific task. Basically, the ANN architecture is comprised of 3 different layers wherein the first layer rpresents the input layer that consist of several input nodes that represent the input parameterfor the model. The hidden layer is te second layer and consists of a hidden layer of neurons. The neurons in this layer are directly connected to the neurons in the output layer. The third layer is the output layer which is the models’ response layer. The output layer neurons have the activation functions for the calculation of the ANN final output. The connection between the nodes in the ANN model is mediated by synaptic weights. This paper is a comprehensive study of ANN models and their layers.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 558-565
Publish at: 2021-01-01

A fast spectral conjugate gradient method for solving nonlinear optimization problems

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp429-439
Ali A. Al-Arbo , Rana Z. Al-Kawaz
This paper proposes a new spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) approach for solving unregulated nonlinear optimization problems. Our approach proposes Using Wolfe's rapid line scan to adjust the standard conjugate descent (CD) algorithm. A new spectral parameter is a mixture of new gradient and old search path. The path provided by the modified method provides a path of descent for the solution of objective functions. The updated method fits the traditional CD method if the line check is correct. The stability and global convergence properties of the current new SCG are technically obtained from applying certain well-known and recent mild assumptions. We test our approach with eight recently published CD and SCG methods on 55 optimization research issues from the CUTE library. The suggested and all other algorithms included in our experimental research were implemented in FORTRAN language with double precision arithmetic and all experiments were conducted on a PC with 8 GB ram Processor Intel Core i7. The results indicate that our proposed solution outperforms recently reported algorithms by processing and performing fewer iterations in a shorter time.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 429-439
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Economic challenges of cloud computing in Iraqi educational institutions using exploratory analysis

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp566-573
Farah Hussein Mohammed Jawad , Huda Husein M. Jawad
Cloud computing (CC) implementation for educational services is confronting several challenges. Prior research focused on the technological related challenges while few examine the economic challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic challenges for using CC in educational institutions in Iraq. Articles pertaining to the topics were extracted from main databases. Based on the review, the critical challenges were identified. To confirm their relatedness to Iraqi context, a questionnaire related to the challenges was developed. A total of 204 respondents working as IT professional has participated in this study. The findings showed that the challenges mainly related to the infrastructure readiness, internet connection, cost of establishing and managing the CC. The challenges were divided into three phases. The pre-implementation phase includes the challenges of selecting service provider and deployment as well as the readiness of stakeholders, training, and infrastructure readiness. The implementation phase includes the challenges of maintaining the bandwidth, compatibility, legacy system, internet connection, reliability, availability, connectivity, and management. The post-implementation phase includes the challenges of security, privacy, quality of education, switching cost, and lock-in. The most critical challenges in all phases are related to infrastructure readiness, internet connection, switching cost and management of CC. The findings were discussed and limitations of the study as well as the direction for future works were given. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 566-573
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Evaluation of options portfolios for exchange rate hedges

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp406-411
Miguel Jiménez-Gómez , Natalia Acevedo-Prins , Miguel Rojas-López
In this paper evaluate six exchange rate hedging strategies with financial options from the OTC market in Colombia. Three hedging strategies for importers and three for exporters were raised. The coverage for importers was carried out with the traditional strategy of long call, bull call spread and bull put spread, the last two correspond to options portfolios. the coverage for importers was carried out with the traditional strategy of long put, bear call spread and bear put spread, the last two correspond to options portfolios. to determine the best hedging strategy, the currency price was modeled with a Wiener process and the VaR for the six covered scenarios was calculated and compared with the VaR of the uncovered scenario. The results shown by the six hedging strategies manage to mitigate the exchange risk, but the most efficient strategies are the traditional ones for both importers and exporters.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 406-411
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Security schemes based on conditional privacy-preserving vehicular ad hoc networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp479-488
Mahmood A. Al-shareeda , Mohammed Anbar , Murtadha A. Alazzawi , Selvakumar Manickam , Iznan H. Hasbullah
Recently, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been garnering significant inter-est from the people involved in transportation field. Nowadays automotive manufactur-ers have already supplying vehicles with multitude of road sensors that provides many useful characteristics. VANET communication not only offers the drivers and passen-gers with the various safety related services but also provides a wide range of valuable applications. However, the inherent openness of the wireless communication medium used by VANETs exposes vehicles to various security and privacy issues. Researchers have proposed many security schemes to solve the issues mentioned above for the widespread deployment of VANETs. However, these schemes failed to fulfill all as-pects of security and privacy requirements. Besides, these schemes have not provided the performance parameters such as computation and communication costs. The pri-mary emphasis of this paper is on the taxonomy of security schemes based conditional privacy-preserving with respect to strengths and limitations. Besides, a comparison be-tween these schemes related to the model of security and privacy requirements, attacks, and performance parameters is provided. Finally, this paper critically reviews the re-lated works by taking into consideration the design and development of all VANETs security and privacy schemes, this paper could serve as a guide and reference.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 479-488
Publish at: 2021-01-01

An analytical method with numerical results to be used in the design of optical slab waveguides for optical communication system applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp278-286
Aadel M. Alatwi , Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
This study develops an analytical method with numerical results for the design of optical slab waveguides for optical communication system applications. An optical slab waveguide structure made of silicon on silicon dioxide material is designed and analyzed. The effective index of the mode is studied against variations in the waveguide dimensions. Transmission and reflection coefficients are studied and compared to the wavelength and dimensions of the waveguide. Variations are sketched with the x-axis, in addition to the electric field intensity distribution and effective refractive index. Waveguide bending loss is also studied with waveguide thickness and length variations within three waveguide transmission windows of 850 nm, 1300 nm, and 1550 nm.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 278-286
Publish at: 2021-01-01

3D face creation via 2D images within blender virtual environment

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp457-464
Ali Salim Rasheed , Rasool Hasan Finjan , Ahmed Abdulsahib Hashim , Mustafa Murtdha Al-Saeedi
Animation and virtual reality movie-making technologies are still witnessing significant progress to this day. Building and stimulating virtual characters inside these applications is a goal. Build a 3D face via using some special tools inside the virtual world is the most important part of identifying a 3D animation. Keen Tools Face Builder add-on for Blender. Interested in creating a 3D face of a famous figure, artist or the general public by adopting several 2D images added to the virtual blinder software environment. The main problem facing these tools is that they deal with high-resolution and sharpness pictures because some images that contain blurring, the result is to build a 3D face model that contains design distortions and non- clearly. in this proposed paper, build a data set for 2D pictures of a specific character (actor), at a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels. These images were caught by the camera, different in sharpness and blurring (four types of blurry). Using the “Laplacian Filter algorithm” and OpenCV library with Python language, to isolate blurry from sharpness 2D images. Sharpness images used to build a 3D face model that gave real and similar results to the character in the pictures. 
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 457-464
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Stamps extraction using local adaptive k- means and ISODATA algorithms

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i1.pp137-145
Maha A. Rajab , Loay E. George
One of the main difficulties facing the certified documents documentary archiving system is checking the stamps system, but, that stamps may be contains complex background and surrounded by unwanted data. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to isolate background and to remove noise that may be surrounded stamp. Our proposed method comprises of four phases, firstly, we apply k-means algorithm for clustering stamp image into a number of clusters and merged them using ISODATA algorithm. Secondly, we compute mean and standard deviation for each remaining cluster to isolate background cluster from stamp cluster. Thirdly, a region growing algorithm is applied to segment the image and then choosing the connected region to produce a binary mask for the stamp area. Finally, the binary mask is combined with the original image to extract the stamp regions. The results indicate that the number of clusters can be determined dynamically and the largest cluster that has minimum standard deviation (i.e., always the largest cluster is the background cluster). Also, show that the binary mask can be established from more than one segment to cover are all stamp’s disconnected pieces and it can be useful to remove the noise appear with stamp region.
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page: 137-145
Publish at: 2021-01-01

Text documents clustering using modified multi-verse optimizer

10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6361-6369
Ammar Kamal Abasi , Ahamad Tajudin Khader , Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar , Syibrah Naim , Mohammed A. Awadallah , Osama Ahmad Alomari
In this study, a multi-verse optimizer (MVO) is utilised for the text document clus- tering (TDC) problem. TDC is treated as a discrete optimization problem, and an objective function based on the Euclidean distance is applied as similarity measure. TDC is tackled by the division of the documents into clusters; documents belonging to the same cluster are similar, whereas those belonging to different clusters are dissimilar. MVO, which is a recent metaheuristic optimization algorithm established for continuous optimization problems, can intelligently navigate different areas in the search space and search deeply in each area using a particular learning mechanism. The proposed algorithm is called MVOTDC, and it adopts the convergence behaviour of MVO operators to deal with discrete, rather than continuous, optimization problems. For evaluating MVOTDC, a comprehensive comparative study is conducted on six text document datasets with various numbers of documents and clusters. The quality of the final results is assessed using precision, recall, F-measure, entropy accuracy, and purity measures. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method performs competitively in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms. Statistical analysis is also conducted and shows that MVOTDC can produce significant results in comparison with three well-established methods.
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Page: 6361-6369
Publish at: 2020-12-01

A new multilevel inverter with reduced switch count for renewable power applications

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp2145-2153
Seong-Cheol Kim , S. Narasimha , Surender Reddy Salkuti
This paper proposes a new technique for a voltage source multilevel inverter (MLI) with reduced switch count, and it creates a smoother sinusoidal output waveform with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD). Therefore, the proposed technique identifies a better position in the list of multilevel converters used for power quality conditioners. Semiconducting devices are added to it if the number of levels increases. In this work, the topology of MLI with reduced number of switches is presented. A new MLI is proposed with lower number of switches and sources in order to achieve higher level. The proposed topology is framed out with the combination of three half bridge and a single H-bridge configuration. Detailed simulation results for 15-level inverter of single and three phase inverters are presented in this paper. Three phase 15-level inverter is developed by employing three isolated different renewable sources and 21 switches.
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Page: 2145-2153
Publish at: 2020-12-01

LMI based antiswing adaptive controller for uncertain overhead cranes

10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp5793-5801
Nga Thi-Thuy Vu
This paper proposes an adaptive anti-sway controller for uncertain overhead cranes. The state-space model of the 2D overhead crane with the system parameter uncertainties is shown firstly. Next, the adaptive controller which can adapt with the system uncertainties and input disturbances is established. The proposed controller has ability to move the trolley to the destination in short time and with small oscillation of the load despite the effect of the uncertainties and disturbances. Moreover, the controller has simple structure so it is easy to execute. Also, the stability of the closed-loop system is analytically proven. The proposed algorithm is verified by using Matlab/Simulink simulation tool. The simulation results show that the presented controller gives better performances (i.e., fast transient response, position tracking, and low swing angle) than the state feedback controller when there exist system parameter variations as well as input disturbances.
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Page: 5793-5801
Publish at: 2020-12-01

New adaptive hysteresis band width control for direct torque control of induction machine drives

10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp1908-1917
Arkan A. Kadum
This paper presents a new adaptive hysteresis band control approach used in direct torque control (DTC) of the induction motor (IM) drives with the switching tables for the generation of PWM signals. Constant Hysteresis Direct torque control (CHB-DTC) method used the torque and stator flux errors to generate the stator voltage reference and frequency vectors for controlling the three-phase induction motor. The CHB-DTC gives better torque transient performance but it has large steady state ripples. To reduce torque and stator current ripples in CHB-DTC controlled induction motor drives a new adaptive hysteresis band control (AHB) approach is proposed, where the hysteresis band is adapted in real time with the stator flux and torque errors variation, instead of fixed bandwidth. Both classical CHB-DTC method and the proposed adaptive hysteresis band DTC (AHB-DTC) fed three induction motor have been simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results at different operating conditions over a wide speed range demonstrate the validity, effectiveness, and feasibility of the proposed scheme. The measurements showed that torque ripples were significantly decrease with the new AHB-DTC technique and better speed response in step up or down compared to the CHB-DTC.
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Page: 1908-1917
Publish at: 2020-12-01

MPPT oscillations minimization in PV system by controlling non-linear dynamics in SEPIC DC-DC converter

10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6268-6275
M. Vaigundamoorthi , R. Ramesh , V. Vasan Prabhu , K. Arul Kumar
Solar PV power generation has achieved rapid growth in developing countries which has many merits such as absence of noise, longer life, no pollution, less time for installation, and ease of grid interface. A maximum power point tracking circuit (MPPT) consists of DC-DC power electronics converters that are used to improve the energy attainment from solar PV array. This paper presents a detailed analysis to control of chaos, a non-linear dynamic in SEPIC DC-DC converter interfaced solar PV system, to minimize the oscillations near to MPP. In SEPIC DC-DC converter, the input inductor current is continuous and capable of sweeping the whole I-V curve of a PV module from open circuit voltage (Voc) to short circuit current (Isc) operating points. To trace the true maximum power point and to nullify the oscillations near to MPP, the yield output voltage needs to ensure period-1 operation.
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Page: 6268-6275
Publish at: 2020-12-01

Augmented reality and virtual reality in our daily life

10.11591/ijict.v9i3.pp205-211
Vallidevi Krishnamurth , Nagarajan K. K. , D.Venkata Vara Prasad , Ganesh Kumar , Arjith Natarajan , Shailesh Saravanan , Akshaya Natarajan , Shankaran Murugan , Dattuluri Rushitaa
Augmented reality, the new age technology, has widespread applications in every field imaginable. This technology has proven to be an inflection point in numerous verticals, improving lives and improving performance. In this paper, we explore the various possible applications of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of Medicine. The objective of using AR in medicine or generally in any field is the fact that, AR helps in motivating the user, making sessions interactive and assist in faster learning. In this paper, we discuss about the applicability of AR in the field of medical diagnosis. Augmented reality technology reinforces remote collaboration, allowing doctors to diagnose patients from a different locality. Additionally, we  believe that a much more pronounced effect can be achieved by bringing together the cutting edge technology of AR and the lifesaving field of Medical sciences. AR is a mechanism that could be applied in the learning process too. Similarly, virtual reality could be used in the field where more of practical experience is needed such as driving, sports, neonatal care training.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 205-211
Publish at: 2020-12-01

A decentralized consensus application using blockchain ecosystem

10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6399-6411
Chetana Pujari , Balachandra Muniyal , Chandrakala C. B.
The consensus is a critical operation of any decision-making process. It involves a set of eligible members; whose decision need to be honored by taking their acknowledgment before making any decision. The traditional consensus process follows centralized architecture, the members need to rely on and trust this architecture. The proposed system aims to develop a secure decentralized consensus application in the untrusted environment by making use of blockchain technology along with smart contract and interplanetary file system (IPFS).
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Page: 6399-6411
Publish at: 2020-12-01
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