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29,922 Article Results

A wearable antenna based on fabric materials with circular polarization for Body-centric wireless communications

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp335-342
Adel Y. I. Ashyap , Z. Z. Abidin , Samsul Haimi Dahlan , Shaharil Mohd Shah , Huda A. Majid , Yee See Khee , Norun Abdul Malek
A compact and simple structure antenna for wearable application at 2.4 GHz is presented and studied. The felt fabric material is used in this paper due to its suitable thickness and dielectric constant. This material provides high flexibility which can be easily worn on a body and incorporated into our daily clothes. In view of the fact that the design will work on a moving person, therefore a circularly polarized antenna is desired to optimize the off-body communication link. The Cicular Polarization (CP) is achieved by introducing truncated corners on the patch. The antenna size is 60 × 60 × 2 mm3. The Axial Ratio (AR), the Front to Back Ratio (FRB) and the realized gain are 0.96 dB, 10.5 dB, and 4.62 dB, respectively indicating a good performance of the antenna at the desired frequency. Furthermore, the antenna was investigated when operating near the body. The obtained result shows that the design has performance similar to the case of free space. This is due to the present of the full ground plane that acts as a shielding between the antenna and body. Finally, the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is carried out and showed that the antenna has a level less than the limits fixed by the FCC standard. Therefore, the antenna could be useful for wearable applications.
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 335-342
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Objects detection and tracking using fast principle component purist and kalman filter

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1317-1326
Hadeel N. Abdullah , Nuha H. Abdulghafoor
The detection and tracking of moving objects attracted a lot of concern because of the vast computer vision applications. This paper proposes a new algorithm based on several methods for identifying, detecting, and tracking an object in order to develop an effective and efficient system in several applications. This algorithm has three main parts: the first part for background modeling and foreground extraction, the second part for smoothing, filtering and detecting moving objects within the video frame and the last part includes tracking and prediction of detected objects. In this proposed work, a new algorithm to detect moving objects from video data is designed by the Fast Principle Component Purist (FPCP). Then we used an optimal filter that performs well to reduce noise through the median filter. The Fast Region-convolution neural networks (Fast-RCNN) is used to add smoothness to the spatial identification of objects and their areas. Then the detected object is tracked by Kalman Filter. Experimental results show that our algorithm adapts to different situations and outperforms many existing algorithms.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1317-1326
Publish at: 2020-04-01

A new hand gestures recognition system

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp49-55
Ahmed Kadem Hamed AlSaedi , Abbas H. Hassin AlAsadi
Talking about gestures makes us return to the historical beginning of human communication, because, in fact, there is no language completely free of gestures. People cannot communicate without gestures. Any action or movement without gestures is free of real feelings and cannot express the thoughts. The purpose from any hand gestures recognition system is to recognizes the hand gesture and used it to transfer a certain meaning or for computer control or and device. Our paper introduced a low cost system to recognize the hand gesture in real-time. Generally, the system divided into five steps, one to image acquisition, second to pre-processing the image, third for detection and segmentation of hand region, four to features extraction and five to count the numbers of fingers and gestures recognition. The system has coded by Python language, PyAutoGUI library, OS Module of Python and the OpenCV library.
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 49-55
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Influence of annealing temperature on the sensitivity of nickel oxide nanosheet films in humidity sensing applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp284-292
N. Parimon , M. H. Mamat , A. S. Ismail , I. B. Shameem Banu , M. K. Ahmad , A. B. Suriani , M. Rusop
Nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheet films were successfully grown onto NiO seed-coated glass substrates at different annealing temperatures for humidity sensing applications. NiO seed layers and NiO nanosheet films were prepared using a sol-gel spin coating and sonicated sol-gel immersion techniques, respectively. The properties of NiO nanosheet films at as-deposited, 300 ℃, and 500 ℃-annealed were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and humidity sensor measurement system. The XRD patterns demonstrate that the grown NiO films have crystalline cubic structures at temperature of 300 ℃ and 500 ℃. The FESEM images show that the large porous nanosheet network spread over the layers as the annealing temperature increased. The UV-vis spectra revealed that all the nanosheet films have the average transmittance below than 50% in the visible region, with absorption edges ~ 350 nm. The optical band gap energy was evaluated in ranges of 3.39 to 3.61 eV. From the obtained humidity sensing results, it shows that 500 ℃-annealed film exhibited the best sensitivity of 257, as well as the slowest response time, and the fastest recovery time compared with others.
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 284-292
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Asymmetric quasi impedance source buck-boost converter

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp2128-2138
Muhammad Ado , Awang Jusoh , Tole Sutikno
An impedance source buck-boost converter (BBC) prototype for renewable energy (RE) application in the transportation industry is proposed. Its functions include stabilizing the variable output voltage of the RE sources such as fuel cells and photovoltaic cells. The converter utilized a topology of DC-DC quasi-impedance source converters (q-ZSCs) to achieve the gain curve of the BBC. With BBC gain curve, the converter earned advantages over the two other classes of non-isolated DC-DC q-ZSCs. These advantages include ecient buck-boost capability at the ecient duty ratio range of 0:35-0:65 and continuous and non-zero gain at the ecient duty ratio range. The converter's q-ZSC topology implies using two capacitors and two inductors. These two capacitors and inductors formed two separate LC filters that provides second order filtering compared to the first order filtering in BBC. Its other advantages over the traditional BBC include elim-ination of dead and overlap-time, simple contol and permitting higher switching frequency operation. The converter is capable of utilizing high switching frequency and asymmetric components to achieve BBC gain by using smaller components to reduce cost, weight and size. Its simulation response and that of a correspond-ing BBC for some given specifications were compared, presented and analyzed. An experimental scaled-down prototype was also developed to confirm its operation. Analysis of the converters responses comfirmed the prototype's second order filtering as against the first order filtering in traditional BBC.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 2128-2138
Publish at: 2020-04-01

An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge converter

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1169-1178
S. Narasimha , Surender Reddy Salkuti
In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1169-1178
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Tag count based priority scheduling algorithm for mitigating the RFID collisions

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp434-442
Hema C , Sharmila Sankar , Sandhya M
RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) is a developing technology that employs electromagnetic signals to send the data among reader and tags to identify categorize and track the moveable items. The objective of this paper is to mitigate the reader collision problem by scheduling the readers in RFID system.  Mobile readers in the RFID network send the same frequency signal to the air to read the data from the tags. While these two signals interfere each other and Tags are unable to backscatter signal to the reader. This causes a reader collision problem. The Reader collision problem reduces the lifetime of the RFID network and generates redundant data in the RFID Network. Tag Count based Priority Scheduling algorithm is proposed, that enhances the throughput of the readers and mitigates the reader collision problem. In the cluster based RFID network, The Dragonfly algorithm performed the Cluster Head reader election and cluster construction process and then allotting the mobile readers in the cluster. This algorithm improves the energy efficiency and diminishes the reader collision problem, thereby alleviating the tag information loss and expanding the mobile RFID network life time, while compared with Priority Clustering Protocol and the Graph Coloring based TDMA algorithm.
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 434-442
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Outage probability and ergodic capacity analysis in power splitting based full-duplex relaying networks of double rayleigh fading channel for vehicular communications

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp142-149
Phu Tran Tin , Duy-Hung Ha , Q. S. Vu , Tran Thanh Trang
In this research, we present and investigate the system performance analysis in terms of the outage probability (OP) and ergodic capacity (EC) of the Full-duplex (FD) relaying networks via double Rayleigh fading channel. In this system model, we propose the power splitting (PS) protocol for the vehicular communications network. Firstly, we analyze and derive the integral form of the system OP and EC. Then, the correctness of the OP and EC expressions are verified by the Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, we can see that the analytical and the simulation results are matched with each other in the connection with the main system parameter.
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 142-149
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Session based cooperation in cognitive radio networks: network level approach

10.11591/ijict.v9i1.pp40-45
Sunil Ghildiyal , Himanshu Goel , Anupam Semwal
The cognitive radio prototype performance is to alleviate the scarcity of spectral resources for wireless communication through intelligent sensing and quick resource allocation techniques. Secondary users (SU’s) actively obtain the spectrum access opportunity by supporting primary users (PU’s) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In present generation, spectrum access is endowed through cooperative communication based link-level frame-based cooperative (LLC) principle. In this SUs independently act as conveyors for PUs to achieve spectrum access opportunities. Unfortunately, this LLC approach cannot fully exploit spectrum access opportunities to enhance the throughput of CRNs and fails to motivate PUs to join the spectrum sharing processes. Therefore to overcome this con, network level cooperative (NLC) principle was used, where SUs are integrated mutually to collaborate with PUs session by session, instead of frame based cooperation for spectrum access opportunities. NLC approach has justified the challenges facing in LLC approach. In this paper we make a survey of some models that have been proposed to tackle the problem of LLC. We show the relevant aspects of each model, in order to characterize the parameters that we should take in account to achieve a spectrum access opportunity.
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Page: 40-45
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Indexing intelligence using benchmark classifier

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp179-187
Mouneshachari S , Sanjay Pande MB
Human being as a parameter for assessment is a complex component for any researcher, since the field of medical sciences opens up too many unsolved queries. In this context if emotions are to be quantified it involves both scientific and certain Non-scientific issues. In terms of medical concept Electroencephalogram (EEG) helps in understanding specific regions of the brain. Since functional capabilities of regions of the brain can be understood by the probes attached to that particular region which intern provides the electrical responses. In the present work, It has been tried to encapsulate the signals in EEG to create an Index of quantification to understand the basic feelings of emotion of an Individual. As a researcher perspective to deduce any mathematical equation, a benchmark data is a major requirement. Hence to enumerate the algorithm, a specific classification model using k-NN has been taken up which enables to understand the similarity and dissimilarity factor of the recorded signals of an individual with the benchmark data. 
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 179-187
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Duplexing mode, ARB and modulation approaches parameters affection on LTE uplink waveform

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1485-1494
Fatima Faydhe Al-Azzawi , Faeza Abas Abid , Zainab faydhe al-azzawi
The next generation of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile networks. LTE is the first technology designed explicitly for the Next Generation Network NGN and is set to become the de-facto NGN mobile access network standard. It takes advantage of the NGN's capabilities to provide an always-on mobile data experience comparable to wired networks. In this paper LTE uplink waveforms displayed with various duplexing mode, Allocated Resources Blocks ARB, Modulation types and total information per frame, QPSK and 16 QAM used as modulation techniques and tested under AWGN and Rayleigh channels, similarity and interference of the generated waveforms tested using auto-correlation and cross-correlation respectively.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1485-1494
Publish at: 2020-04-01

A solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck converter

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1113-1121
Deekshitha S. Nayak , R. Shivarudraswamy
In large and small scale applications, different kinds of variable speed driving systems can be found. For saving the energy consumption of these devices, eco-friendly electronics are used, which lead to the development of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Its higher power density, higher efficiency, higher torque at low speed, and low maintenance enhances the use of a BLDC motor. The existing mixer grinder consists of the universal motor, which operates in alternating current supply due to high starting torque characteristics and simple controlling of the speed. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its life and makes it ideal in a mixer grinder. A solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck converter is utilized to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its maximum power. The proposed hysteresis current control BLDC system has been developed in the MATLAB. The commercially available mixer grinder is presented along with the proposed simulated system for performance comparison. It can be concluded that at the no load condition, the efficiency of the experimental existing mixer grinder is 51.03% and simulated proposed system is 81.25% and at load condition, the efficiency of the experimental mixer grinder is 49.32% and simulated system is 79.85%.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1113-1121
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Inverse kinematic analysis of 4 DOF pick and place arm robot manipulator using fuzzy logic controller

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1376-1386
Tresna Dewi , Siti Nurmaini , Pola Risma , Yurni Oktarina , Muhammad Roriz
The arm robot manipulator is suitable for substituting humans working in tomato plantation to ensure tomatoes are handled efficiently. The best design for this robot is four links with robust flexibility in x, y, and z-coordinates axis. Inverse kinematics and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) application are for precise and smooth motion. Inverse kinematics designs the most efficient position and motion of the arm robot by adjusting mechanical parameters. The FLC utilizes data input from the sensors to set the right position and motion of the end-effector. The predicted parameters are compared with experimental results to show the effectiveness of the proposed design and method. The position errors (in x, y, and z-axis) are 0.1%, 0.1%, and 0.04%. The rotation errors of each robot links (θ1, θ2, and θ3) are 0%, 0.7% and 0.3%. The FLC provides the suitable angle of the servo motor (θ4) responsible in gripper motion, and the experimental results correspond to FLC’s rules-based as the input to the gripper motion system. This setup is essential to avoid excessive force or miss-placed position that can damage tomatoes. The arm robot manipulator discussed in this study is a pick and place robot to move the harvested tomatoes to a packing system.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1376-1386
Publish at: 2020-04-01

A study of packet scheduling algorithms in long term evolution-advanced

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp516-524
Mohd Mueen Ul Islam Mattoo , Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli
The allocation of radio resources is one of the most critical functions performed by the Radio Resource Management (RRM) mechanisms in the downlink Long Term Evolution – Advanced (LTE-Advanced). Packet scheduling concerns itself with allocation of these radio resources in an intelligent manner such that system throughput/capacity can be maximized whilst the required multimedia Quality of Service (QoS) is met. Majority of the previous studies of packet scheduling algorithms for LTE-Advanced did not take the effect of channel impairments into account. However, in real world the channel impairments cannot be obliterated completely and have a direct impact on the packet scheduling performance. As such, this work studies the impact of channel impairments on packet scheduling performance in a practical downlink LTE-Advanced. The simulation results obtained demonstrate the efficacy of RM2 scheduling algorithm over other scheduling algorithms in maximizing the system capacity and is more robust on the effect of the cellular channel impairments.  
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page: 516-524
Publish at: 2020-04-01

Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and integrals for three-phase grid-connected inverters

10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1701-1711
Arckarakit Chaithanakulwat
This research article presents the method to control the DC voltage of the boost converter by using a proportional-integral (PI) controller. With AC voltage from a wind turbine generator, converting to DC voltage level by rectifier, this DC voltage controlled by PI controller is to control boost converter that sends DC links to the inverter which converting alternating current voltage to direct current voltage through three-phase load and to the grid-connected system. For switching the IGBTs in the inverter, the PWM signal, on the hysteresis current control, is controlled by the signal from the detected reference voltage based on the grid-connected system and the voltage from a wind turbine generator. The tests made the comparison of results from the simulation with the MATLAB/Simulink program and result from the hardware on the prototype. The power quality results, such as harmonic, power factor, are in acceptable ranges.
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page: 1701-1711
Publish at: 2020-04-01
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