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Cost estimation methods for internet infrastructure deployment in Rural Sarawak: a review

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1375-1383
Abel Chai Yu Hao , Chean Hung Lai , Hieng Tiong Su , Yi Lung Then , Fei Siang Tay , Patrick Hang Hui Then , Natalie Lim Chen Yi
In rural Sarawak, the internet accessibility is low due to unreliable power grids to support telecommunication network and large geographical area. The risk for network infrastructure implementation is high for internet service provider (ISP), thus more practical and accurate cost estimation methods should be used. This paper reviews different types of cost estimation methods and the accuracy and feasibility of each methods are discussed and compared for network infrastructure implementation in rural Sarawak. The unique characteristics of rural Sarawak are considered in this work, including the topography, development of rural areas and acceptance of new technologies. Different cost estimation methods are identified for different senarios and availability of data.
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Page: 1375-1383
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Response time, waiting time and service quality in emergency department

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20435
Nur Hidayat , Ahsan Ahsan , Masruroh Rahayu , Retno Lestari
Response time and waiting time were key performance indicators in the emergency department of a hospital. This study will shed light on important factors contributing to service quality in emergency department of Indonesian public hospital by utilizing a cross-sectional design. About 117 patients were selected by simple random sampling techniques. Data observation sheets and a modified service quality instrument were used to measure health services in this department. Findings revealed that 83.8% patients felt satisfied with the services provided by emergency staff. Based on Kendall’s Tau test, waiting time had a significant relationship with service quality (p<0.05) compared to response time (p>0.05). The results of logistic regression test showed that waiting time had a higher value for Exp(B)= 3.522. In conclusion, waiting time was the most important factor affecting service quality in emergency department of Indonesian public hospital.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 199-204
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Religious affiliation, religiosity and health behaviors among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20493
Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah , Miftahul Jannah , Emma Rachmawati , Iram Barida Maisya
This study aimed to determine a relationship between religious affiliation, religiosity and health behaviors among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 767 respondents joined this study.  A multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the associations between dependent and independent variables by adjusting age, sex, school type and economic status. Lower non-organized religious activity had a significant association with higher addictive behaviors (AOR: 0.577 95% CI: 0.340-0.979). In case of nutrition behaviors, there were no significant associations among all aspects of religiosity. Lower organized religious activity was associated with physical inactivity (AOR: 0.323 95% CI: 0.170-0.614). In addition, lower non-organized and intrinsic religiosity had significant association with lower personal hygiene behaviors (AOR= 0.433 95% CI: 0.272-0.688; AOR: 0.436 95% CI: 0.198-0.958). Students with higher religiosity tend to engage less in risky health behaviors. Religious leaders and organizations may be engaged in health promotion activities to disseminate and create better understanding of religious values and beliefs regarding health behaviors.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 184-191
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Genetic algorithm for intrusion detection system in computer network

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1670-1676
Hamizan Suhaimi , Saiful Izwan Suliman , Afdallyna Fathiyah Harun , Roslina Mohamad , Yuslinda Wati Mohamad Yusof , Murizah Kassim c
Internet connection nowadays has become one of the essential requirements to execute our daily activities effectively. Among the major applications of wide Internet connections is local area network (LAN) which connects all internet-enabled devices in a small-scale area such as office building, computer lab etc. This connection will allow legit user to access the resources of the network anywhere as long as authorization is acquired. However, this might be seen as opportunities for some people to illegally access the network. Hence, the occurrence of network hacking and privacy breach. Therefore, it is very vital for a computer network administrator to install a very protective and effective method to detect any network intrusion and, secondly to protect the network from illegal access that can compromise the security of the resources in the network. These resources include sensitive and confidential information that could jeopardise someone’s life or sovereignty of a country if manipulated by wrong hands.  In network intrusion detection system (NIDS) framework, apart from detecting unauthorized access, it is equally important to recognize the type of intrusions in order for the necessary precautions and preventive measures to take place. This paper presents the application of genetic algorithm (GA) and its steps in performing intrusion detection process. Standard benchmark dataset known as KDD’99 cup was utilized with forty-one distinctive features representing the identity of network connections. Results presented demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and warrant good research focus as it promises exciting discovery in solving similar-patent of problems.   
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Page: 1670-1676
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Letter to Editor COVID-19 outbreak and medical waste: Challenge in hand

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20523
Hassan Musa , Taha H. Musa , Idriss H. Musa , Olayinka Oderinde
The ongoing pandemic of  novel coronavirus disease, COVID19, which first reported in Wuhan, China, inDecember 2019, [1] and caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) has resulted to more than 6,881,352 confirmed cases in the world, and 399,895 global deaths, as reported in 8:36am CEST, 8 June 2020. [2] It has been reported that the primary spread of COVID-19 via human transmission is during close contact, most often through small droplets spread by coughing, sneezing, and talking. [3] Researchers and health experts have discovered that wearing of appropriate face masks can significantly reduce the transmission up to the 75%.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 153-154
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Comparison between SVM and KNN classifiers for iris recognition using a new unsupervised neural approach in segmentation

10.11591/ijai.v9.i3.pp429-438
Hicham Ohmaid , S. Eddarouich , A. Bourouhou , M. Timouya
Un système biométrique d'identification et d'authentification permet la reconnaissance automatique d'un individu en fonction de certaines caractéristiques ou caractéristiques uniques qu'il possède. La reconnaissance de l'iris est une méthode d'identification biométrique qui applique la reconnaissance des formes aux images de l'iris. En raison des motifs épigénétiques uniques de l'iris, la reconnaissance de l'iris est considérée comme l'une des méthodes les plus précises dans le domaine de l'identification biométrique. L'algorithme de segmentation proposé dans cet article commence par déterminer les régions de l'œil à l'aide d'une approche neuronale non supervisée, après que le contour de l'œil a été trouvé à l'aide du bord de Canny, la transformation de Hough est utilisée pour déterminer le centre et le rayon de la pupille et de l'iris. . Ensuite, la normalisation permet de transformer la région de l'iris circulaire segmenté en une forme rectangulaire de taille fixe en utilisant le modèle de feuille de caoutchouc de Daugman. Une transformation en ondelettes discrètes (DWT) est appliquée à l'iris normalisé pour réduire la taille des modèles d'iris et améliorer la précision du classificateur. Enfin, la base de données URIBIS iris est utilisée pour la vérification individuelle de l'utilisateur en utilisant le classificateur KNN ou la machine à vecteur de support (SVM) qui, sur la base de l'analyse du code de l'iris lors de l'extraction des caractéristiques, est discutée.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 429-438
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Complementary treatment to reduce blood sugar levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20434
Jujuk Proboningsih , Anita Joeliantina , Aida Novitasari , Dewi Purnamawati
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term management. There is a tendency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to use herbs as a complement to medical treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of herbs as a complement to medical treatment in reducing blood sugar levels of T2DM patients. This type of research is quasi-experimental, with 40 research subjects divided into 4 groups. Determination of research subjects by purposive sampling in accordance with established inclusion criteria. Data analysis using paired T test. The majority of respondents was women (77.5%) and had no genetic history (75%). The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus  majority was >5 years 72.5%). Data on random blood sugar levels before (p=0.098) and after (p=0.113) intervention were normally distributed and homogeneous p>0.05 (0.839). The treatment group (groups 2, 3, and 4) showed a significant decrease in random blood sugar levels as the control group (1) with a significance value <0.05. Giving herbs has a tendency to reduce random blood sugar levels when used as a complement to medical treatment. Bitter melon shows the effect of decreasing random blood sugar levels greater than the provision of bay leaves and cinnamon.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 267-271
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Spectroscopic properties of lithium borate glass containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions

10.11591/ijaas.v9.i3.pp211-219
I. Kashif , A. Ratep , S. Ahmed
Lithium borate glass samples mixed with a different concentration of Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions organized by quenching technique. Structural, vibration groups and spectral properties of glass samples investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV/Vis/NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray confirmed the lithium borate glass samples containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions in the amorphous state. Luminescence spectra of glass samples excited at 400 nm recorded, here three luminescence bands observed in Visible region, which due to spectra materials (Sm3+, Nd3+). These indicate that these glass samples responsible orange emission and used in the improvement of materials for LED, and optical devices. The functional vibration groups of the glass matrix studied using FTIR spectroscopy.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 211-219
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Stress and fear in women living with cancer: An argumentation towards the adaptation theory

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20413
Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari
Extended life expectancy in cancer nowadays has implication on longer exposures toward cancer-related stressors. Based on the adaptation theory, the longer the stressor exposures then the more the stress tolerance expected. This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of stress and fear in cervical and breast cancer survivors (CCS and BCS) between cases and survivorship stages, impacting on anxiety, depression, and perceived life normality (PLN). This cross-sectional study involved 47 CCS and 58 BCS (n=105). Self-developed instrument was used in data collection (r=-0.256-0.935; Chronbach’s Alpha=0.908). Various statistical tests were used in data analysis (α<0.05). Stress due to cancer diagnosis and treatments were significantly different between cases (p=0.005 and p=0.003 in CCS and BCS respectively), impacting significant differences on anxiety, depression, and PLN between cases (p=0.025, p=0.000, and p=0.000 respectively). In both cases, stress due to cancer diagnosis and treatments, anxiety, depression, and PLN were not significantly different between survivorship stages (all p>0.05). Fear towards cancer recurrence, metastasis, additional cancer, and diagnostic test were not significantly different between cases and survivorship stages (all p>0.05). These findings argue the adaptation theory because the adaptation process was proved to be limitless in CCS and BCS; therefore it can’t be seen as a product.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 272-280
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Stock portfolio hedging with financial options

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1436-1443
Juan Andrés Jaramillo-Restrepo , Miguel Jiménez-Gómez , Natalia Acevedo-Prins
The financial market currently offers derivative products whose characteristics allow investors to reduce the negative impact of natural market fluctuations on the value of their assets. Hedging with financial options is one of the possible strategies that an investor can implement in order to reduce the exposure or risk of their investments. This paper aims to assess the real impact of financial options as a hedging instrument on an investment portfolio made up of variable income assets of the Colombian market. The results show that for options with an upward trend, call options allow future losses to be hedged; on the other hand, for bearish trends, coverage is made with put options.
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Page: 1436-1443
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Multimedia improves knowledge and choice of contraception among pregnant women

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20472
Eka Nur Rahayu , C. Asri Budiningsih , B.M. Wara Kushartati
The quantitative research employed quasi-experimental research with one pretest-posttest group was done to examine the knowledge of pregnant women about family planning and the choosing of contraception. The sample of this study was 41 pregnant women recruited by incidental sampling techniques. Questionnaires for pregnant women provide maternal identity, questions for knowledge about family planning, and the choice of contraception chosen. Data analysis used Wilcoxon test. Multimedia improves the knowledge and choice of contraception among pregnant women.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 192-198
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Health workforce malldistribution: Lesson from central Lampung Regency in Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20424
Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung , Dedy Hermawan , Devi Aulia
The purpose of this study is to explain: (1) Distribution of health workers in basic health services in Central Lampung, and (2). Factors that influence the process of procurement and distribution of health workers in primary health care in Central Lampung. Research conducted with this descriptive qualitative method involved health stakeholders in 34 health centers and 17 hospitals in the region. The results of this study include: (a). Analysis of the Distribution of Health Workers by Region, it is known that the pattern of distribution is not balanced and there are some districts that do not have several types of health workers. (b). Analysis of power distribution based on health workplaces is known that the majority of health workers are in health centers, even midwives and nurses are mostly in health centers and some types of health workers are not yet available in health centers. Also known factors that influence the process of procurement and distribution of health workers in primary health care include structural and environmental factors.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 224-234
Publish at: 2020-09-01

A chaos-based medical image encryption method

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1316-1324
Xuehong Wang , Chunling Tu
The information in the e-health system involves the patient’s privacy which is extremely sensitive. For instance, these information record social security numbers and detailed medical history.  When the breach happens, there are illegal, or disclosure behaviors taken to privacy that should be compromised security. In this paper, the medical digital images are protected by the proposed chaos-based encryption method in the process of transmission and utilization. Then the authentication is granted to patients and telemedicine staffs by the decryption method proposed. The Qi 3-D four wing chaotic system is employed in this method. The proposed method promises the keys with higher complexity and unpredictability than traditional cryptography methods by introducing the chaotic dynamics in the new cryptography. Digital medical images are used to validate the proposed method under the brute and the differential attacks. The pixels of the image are scrambled completely based on cat map and the sub-blocks of the image are diffused in the way that the original image is changed into a chaotic image robust to all kinds of attacks. The experiments show that the proposed method has higher performance and higher computation for decryption.
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Page: 1316-1324
Publish at: 2020-09-01

The resilience among suicide attempt survivor

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20382
Fatwa Tentama , Tri Wahyuni Sukesi , Surahma Asti Mulasari , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati
Suicide incidents in Gunungkidul, Indonesia have increased from year by year. This phenomenon is of great importance to study to find a proper solution. Based on the data it has been found that people who have committed suicide but have been saved (survived). To date, they have managed to survive and carry out their daily activities well. The majority of suicide attempts are caused by unpleasant experiences in the past. The purpose of this study was to assess the resilience of suicide survivors who can be used to motivate people who intend or who survived suicide to get back up. This research used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. The location of this research was in Gunungkidul Regency. The subjects of this study were four people who were obtained by using purposive sampling technique. Several in-depth interviews were carried out to collect the data from the respondent.  The results show that the factors supporting the resilience of survivors to suicide were the ability to control emotions and impulses, self-efficacy and optimism, the ability to analyze the causes of problems, empathy, and the ability to achieve what was desired.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 235-244
Publish at: 2020-09-01

Contamination rate of commonly consumed fresh vegetables and fruits with parasites of medically importance in Wolkite and Butajira Towns of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20395
Fitsum Bekele , Teha Shumbej , Andamlak Dendir , Dereje Mesfin , Absra Solomon
Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common on causes  of disease in humans, responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Commonly consumed raw vegetables and fruits are among the ways through which humans become infected with parasites of medical importance. A prospective cross-sectional study with an aim of describing the parasite contamination rate of raw fresh vegetables and fruits sold at the central open-aired market of Butajira and Wolkite towns, in southern Ethiopia was conducted on a total of 270 fresh vegetable and fruits samples. Standardized parasitological techniques were employed to detect diagnostic stages of parasites.98 out of the 270 (36.3%) samples were found positive for intestinal parasites. Remarkably, twenty eight out of the forty five cabbage samples analyzed, 62.2%, were found to be contaminated with parasites of medical importance, registering the highest level of contamination. On the contrary Avocado was found to be the least contaminated produce with contamination rate of 17.7% (8/45). Significant association was observed between the kind of vegetables analyzed and existence of parasites (p=0.002). This study identified high rate of contamination in commonly consumed vegetables and fruits. The authors believe that the role fruits and vegetables paly in the transmission of intestinal parasitic infections to humans is un questionable. Substantial attention is needed from all relevant bodies to tackle this problem.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 211-215
Publish at: 2020-09-01
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