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31,456 Article Results

Random forest application on cognitive level classification of E-learning content

10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp4372-4380
Benny Thomas , Chandra J.
The e-learning is the primary method of learning for most learners after the regular academics studies. The knowledge delivery through e-learning technologies increased exponentially over the years because of the advancement in internet and e-learning technologies. Knowledge delivery to some people would never have been possible without the e-learning technologies. Most of the working professional do focused studies for carrier advancement, promotion or to improve the domain knowledge. These learner can find many free e-learning web sites from the internet easily in the domain of interest. However it is quite difficult to find the best e-learning content suitable for their learning based on their domain knowledge level. User spent most of the time figuring out the right content from a plethora of available content and end up learning nothing. An intelligent framework using machine learning algorithms with Random Forest Classifier is proposed to address this issue, which classifies the e-learning content based on its difficulty levels and provide the learner the best content suitable based on the knowledge level .The frame work is trained with the data set collected from multiple popular e-learning web sites. The model is tested with real time e-learning web sites links and found that the e-contents in the web sites are recommended to the user based on its difficulty levels as beginner level, intermediate level and advanced level.
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 4372-4380
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Texture classification of fabric defects using machine learning

10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp4390-4399
Yassine Ben Salem , Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim
In this paper, a novel algorithm for automatic fabric defect classification was proposed, based on the combination of a texture analysis method and a support vector machine SVM. Three texture methods were used and compared, GLCM, LBP, and LPQ. They were combined with SVM’s classifier. The system has been tested using TILDA database. A comparative study of the performance and the running time of the three methods was carried out. The obtained results are interesting and show that LBP is the best method for recognition and classification and it proves that the SVM is a suitable classifier for such problems. We demonstrate that some defects are easier to classify than others.
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 4390-4399
Publish at: 2020-08-01

An empirical correlation of ambient temperature impact on PV module considering natural convection

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp627-634
Kamil Jadu Ali , Ahmed Hasan Mohammad , Ghanim Thiab Hasan
In this paper, the effect of the ambient temperature on the PV modules for different angles of inclinations and different intensities of the solar radiation on the surface of the PV module is considered by using empirical correlations for natural convection. An analytical model based on the energy balance equilibrium between the PV module and the environment conditions has been used. Also an expression for calculating the electric power of silicon PV modules in a function of the ambient temperature, the intensity of the solar radiation, the incident angle of the solar radiation to the surface of the PV module and the efficiency of the PV modules at STC conditions have been used. By comparing the obtained both results, it can be seen that the largest deviation between the power values obtained by the analytical model and expression is about (5 %). The results obtained indicates that in the case of a small number of PV modules corresponding to the required number for an average household, it is more economical to invest additional resources in increasing the PV module's surface area than in case of the PV module with sun tracking system. 
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 627-634
Publish at: 2020-08-01

A novel bandwidth enhanced triple band antenna for satellite and airborne applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp659-668
Mohammed Ismail Mohammed
This paper presents a novel bandwidth enhancement technique in which a passive stack of third order Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna is parasitically coupled to the driven element that is also a Sierpinski fractal of third order. Edge feeding technique is used. The passive stack placed symmetric to the driven elements provide the combined benefits of horizontal and vertical parasitic coupling, with added advantage of miniaturization contributed by fractal technology. Result of the study indicate that the antenna array provide triple band with a large inter-band separation that mitigates the effects of inter-band interference. The first band at 6.1Ghz with bandwidth of 250Mhz supports mobile wireless and fixed satellite service, the second band at 7.1Ghz with 350Mhz bandwidth supports mobile wireless, fixed wireless and fixed satellite service. The third band is at 11.6Ghz with bandwidth of 1.4Ghz and supports fixed wireless and fixed satellite services. The number of elements in the parasitic stack influence array performance in terms of bandwidth, gain and directivity. The bandwidth in the third band increased from 1.5Ghz for two-element stack to 1.7Ghz for three-element. This has an advantage over conventional antenna array, that use more active antenna elements that have the limitations of more power consumption and large space occupancy. 
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 659-668
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Supervisory feedback in the principal evaluation process

10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20504
Ahmed Mohammed Alkaabi , Suhair Ali Almaamari
The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand how school principals perceive their supervisors’ feedback in the formative principal evaluation process. It spotlights the benefits of supervisors giving effective feedback to school principals as a key component in formative evaluations. In addition, it uses a qualitative case study design situated within the context of the Al-Ain school district, which is supervised by the Abu Dhabi Education Council in the United Arab Emirates. The data was collected using several data collection methods, namely interviews, documents, and field notes. Six school principals participated in the study, and a thematic analysis of their comments and other information that they provided yielded four themes that reflected the quality of feedback they received: (1) feedback in absentia, (2) superficial or irrelevant feedback, (3) negative or judgmental feedback, and (4) constructive and individualized feedback. The evidence concludes that feedback aimed at improving the leadership practices of principals is limited, and there is no embedded professional learning dialogue wherein such feedback exists. This study adds to the body of leadership literature and sets forth implications for enhancing and redesigning feedback delivery in the formative evaluation process to improve principals’ practices and support their professional growth.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 503-509
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Parallel multi-layer selector S-Box based on lorenz chaotic system with FPGA implementation

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp784-792
Mohamed Saber , Esam Hagras
The substitution box (S-box) is the main block in the encryption system, which replaces the non-encrypted data by dynamic secure and hidden data. S-box can be designed based on complex nonlinear chaotic systems that presented in recent papers as a chaotic S-Box. The hardware implementation of these chaotic systems suffers from long processing time (low speed), and high-power consumption since it requires a large number of non-linear computational models. In this paper, we present a high-speed FPGA implementation of parallel multi-layer selector substitution boxes based on the lorenz chaotic system (PMLS S-Box). The proposed PMLS chaotic S-box is modeled using xilinx system generator (XSG) in 32 bits fixed-point format, and the architecture implemented into Xilinx Spartan-6 X6SLX45 board. The maximum frequency of the proposed PMLS chaotic S-box is 381.764MHz, with dissipates of 77 mwatt. Compared to other S-box chaotic systems, the proposed one achieves a higher frequency and lower power consumption. In addition, the proposed PMLS chaotic S-box is analyzed based on S-box standard tests such as; Bijectivity property, nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, differential probability, and bits independent criterion. The five different standard results for the proposed S-box indicate that PMLSC can effectively resist crypto-analysis attacks, and is suitable for secure communications.
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 784-792
Publish at: 2020-08-01

An efficient and optimized tracking framework through optimizing algorithm in a deep forest using NFC

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp884-889
Md. Abbas Ali Khan , Mohammad Hanif Ali , A.K.M Fazlul Haque , Chandan Debnath , Shohag Kumar Bhowmik
NFC is applying in various field of contemporary technology. Especially of convenience tag usability in any place. One of the facilities which can be added in the tracking system is the implementation of Near Field Communication in order to guide each tourist in the deep forest or any other location. In the deep forest, tracking or location detection activities need to be done efficiently, like desired path finding in a deep forest. At present, the tracking procedure in deep forest is working with the help of guides or local citizens. Currently, in any restricted area such as the “Sundarban” forest, no outside general people are allowed to travel in the jungle without any authorized guide which is not an efficient way to travel smoothly. The use of Near Field Communication can solve the problem related to lost the way, safety, and easily help the travelers to track the desired destination without the help of human resources or any guide. The NFC tags that hold mapping information of the area, in the point of tag setup all tags will be set up on several trees along with sequence.
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 884-889
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Value preferences and requirements of the students attending the regional boarding secondary schools

10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20539
Sibel Yazıcı , Nuray Kurtdede Fidan
The aim of the study was to reveal the preferences and requirements of the students attending the Regional Boarding Secondary Schools (YBO) concerning the values contain in the educational program of the social studies course. The study was designed within the framework of phenomenology which is among the qualitative research methods. The participants of the study are 79 eight grade students attending a regional boarding secondary school in the Turkey. The data of the study are collected through a survey questionnaire with two parts which contains open-ended items. The data were analysed using the descriptive and content analyses. The findings of the study show that the participants do not differ based on gender and the socio-economic background of their families. The frequently preferred values by the participants are found to be attaching importance to the family unity, honesty, sympathy and patriotism. Another finding is that the participants do not provide a clear justification for each of the values they preferred. This suggests that it is difficult to establish a justification for the value. However, requirements value justifications are analyzed, it is seen that students they express the definition of value, its importance and the expectations of having this specific value.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 635-643
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Enhancenig OLSR routing protocol using K-means clustering in MANETs

10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3715-3724
Y. Hamzaoui , M. Amnai , A. Choukri , Y. Fakhri
The design of robust routing protocol schemes for MANETs is quite complex, due to the characteristics and structural constraints of this network. A numerous variety of protocol schemes have been proposed in literature. Most of them are based on traditional method of routing, which doesn’t guarantee basic levels of Qos, when the network becomes larger, denser and dynamic. To solve this problem we use one of the most popular methods named clustering. In this work we try to improve the Qos in MANETs. We propose an algorithm of clustering based in the new mobility metric and K-Means method to distribute the nodes into several clusters; it is implemented to standard OLSR protocol giving birth a new protocol named OLSR Kmeans-SDE. The simulations showed that the results obtained by OLSR Kmeans-SDE exceed those obtained by standard OLSR Kmeans and OLSR Kmed+ in terms of, traffic Control, delay and packet delivery ratio.
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 3715-3724
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Energy efficient power control for device to device communication in 5G networks

10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp4118-4135
Mohamed Amine Charar , Zouhair Guennoun
Next generation cellular networks require high capacity, enhanced energy efficiency and guaranteed quality of service (QoS). In order to meet these targets, device-to device (D2D) communication is being considered for future 5th generation especially for certain applications that require the proximity gain, the reuse gain, and the hop gain. In this paper, we investigate energy efficient power control for the uplink of an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) single-cell communication system composed of both regular cellular users and device to device (D2D) pairs. Firstly, we analyze and mathematically model the actual requirements forD2D communications and traditional cellular links in terms of minimum rate and maximum power requirement. Secondly, we use fractional programming in order to transform the original problem into an equivalent concave one and we use the non-cooperative Game theory in order to characterize the equilibrium. Then, the solution of the game is given as a water-filling power allocation. Furthermore, we implement a distributed power allocation scheme using three ways: a) Fractional programming techniques b) Closed form expression (the novelty is the use of wright omega function). c) Inverse water filling. Finally, simulations in both static and dynamic channel setting are presented to illustrate the improved performance in term of EE, SE (spectral efficiency) and time of execution of the iterative algorithm (Dinkelbach) than the closed form algorithms.
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Page: 4118-4135
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Designing and verifying a tool for diagnosing scientific misconceptions in genetics topic

10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20544
Sasithorn Kantahan , Putcharee Junpeng , Sompong Punturat , Keow Ngang Tang , Perman Gochyyev , Mark Wilson
The main purpose of this study was to design and verify the quality of an assessment aimed at diagnosing scientific misconceptions among students enrolled in 10th-grade biology subjects. A sample consisted of N=200 students from schools under the administration of the Office of Secondary Educational Service 31, Nakhon Ratchasima province. We employed the design-based approach, which consists of four phases, namely, construct map, item design, outcome space, and Wright map. Multidimensional Random Coefficient Multinomial Logit Model (MRCMLM) was used to evaluate the quality of the assessment tool. The assessment tool consists of two dimensions, namely, knowledge and reasoning. The assessment tool is comprised of 40 items, with 20 items tapping each of the dimensions. Findings form item analysis and modeling revealed sufficient evidence on the internal structure and validity of the instrument. It can be concluded that the unidimensional model is more appropriate than the multidimensional model for diagnosing scientific misconceptions in the genetics topic for dichotomously scored with four options in each item. The polytomous scored type should be further investigated to determine the best fit model in the items relating to evidence-based reasoning for supporting students’ answers.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 564-571
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Test suites effectiveness evolution in open source systems: empirical study

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp992-999
Mohammed Akour , Mamdouh Alenezi
Test suite code coverage is usually used to indicate the capability of a test suite in detecting faults. Earlier research studies, which explored the relationship among test suite effectiveness and code coverage, have not addressed this relationship evolutionally. Moreover, some of these works were studied small or identical domain systems, which make the result generalization process unclear for other systems. Finally, some of these studies were conducted with automatically generated test suites, which might not present the real situation for studied systems, so the results cannot be generalized to real test suites. In this paper, the authors empirically explore three open-source software systems along with their 11 versions. These versions are evolved over time and might have more sources of code and test suites. This work objective is to study the correlation between test suite effectiveness, the size of the test suite, and coverage for three Java programs during their evolution. In this work, the code coverage, test suite LOC and mutation testing coverage are measured to assess the correlation between the effectiveness of fault detection, code coverage, and test suite size. Based on the result we cannot generalize the assumption that test size is always revealing a positive correlation with its effectiveness, but still weak to the high correlation between test effectiveness, test size, and coverage. 
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 992-999
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Three-wavelength system for practical application in skin oximetry: simultaneous equations with prediction-correction approach

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp793-801
Audrey Huong , W. Mahani Hafizah W. Mahmud , Xavier Ngu
This paper presented the use of a three-wavelength system coupled with a prediction-correction model for the measurement of a person’s tissue oxygen levels and in the efforts towards the development of a field-portable system. This study considered light wavelength of market-available emitters in the range 500 − 650 nm for its practical implementation. This approach required the use of light attenuation and hemoglobin absorptivity information of three different wavelengths in determining tissue oxygen saturation value, StO2. It was found through the analysis of results using Monte Carlo method that considerable improvement in the accuracy of the predictions was obtained using the corrective models (ρ =0.874). The low mean prediction errors of similar magnitude, not exceeding 4 %, given by two wavelength combinations 538, 560, 633 nm and 538, 560, 650 nm were observed for signals with signal-noise ratio (SNR) of down to 30 dB. A significant statistical difference was found between the prediction errors and the wavelength combination used under this noise condition (ρ =0.011). This work concluded that the findings of this study provide insights into technology implementation of skin oximetry and the possible impacts it might have in medical arena.
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 793-801
Publish at: 2020-08-01

Multi-level cyber security system for VANET

10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp940-948
Muntadher Naeem Yasir , Muayad Sadik Croock
Recently, the cyber security of vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) including two practicable: car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure has been considered due to importance. It has become possible to keep pace with the development in the world, where the safety of people is a priority in the development of technology in general and in particular in the field of VANET. In this paper, a cyber security system for VANET has been proposed to tackle the DOS attacks. The proposed system includes three security levels. Firstly, the registeration level that ask vehicles to be registered in the system, in which the network exclude the unrigestered ones. Secondly, the authentication level that checks the vehicles before joining the network. This is done by applying a proposed algorithm that considers the hash function and factory number. Thirdly, the proposed system ables to detect the DOS attack by any involved vehicle using the monitoring algorithm that allocate such vehicle to be excluded from the network. The obtained results show the efficient performance of the proposed system in managing the security of the VANET network. The multi-level system increases the security of the network, in which the attacks can be eliminated.
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page: 940-948
Publish at: 2020-08-01

A quick study on SRL profiles of online learning participants during the anticipation of the spread of COVID-19

10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20642
Dwi Sulisworo , Nur Fatimah , Septi Shinta Sunaryati , Sanidi Sanidi
The spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus occurs in all countries. This pandemic incident has been taken seriously by various sectors including in the world of education. This research is a quantitative descriptive study to explain the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) profile of Indonesian students in online learning which is carried out in COVID-19 emergencies. The research commenced three days after the establishment of the WHO COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents were taken by accident sampling at several schools implementing online learning after the designation of this mode by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture on March 15, 2020. The schools comprised general high schools and vocational schools. The data were collected via Google Form filled out by 10th to 12th-grade students. The instrument used was a questionnaire with a scale of 1 to 5 (from absolutely disagree to absolutely agree) consisting of planning, monitoring, controlling, and reflecting aspects. There were two analytical techniques used i.e., descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The results of this study indicate that students in Indonesia still need assistance and mentoring from teachers to improve SRL. Several mentoring strategies can be applied to manage active learning. The teachers should explicitly include the process of mentoring, strengthening the students’ SRL. Teachers need to be aware that online learning is not only to master certain subject matters but also to strengthen SRL.
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Page: 723-730
Publish at: 2020-08-01
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